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The traditional definition of full stack development refers to a skill set that is required for writing software both for the frontend and backend of a web application or site. In recent years, the scope of full stack development has expanded significantly, though. Today, a full stack software developer is assumed to master various additional areas especially related to cloud infrastructure and deployment, message brokers and data analytics technologies. In addition, the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and the rapidly spreading use of AI/ML technologies are introducing additional skill set requirements. In this paper, we discuss the expectations for a modern full stack developer based on our industry observations, and argue that these expectations have significant implications for software and web engineering education.

Web Engineering becomes increasingly hungry for training data, as the application of machine learning (ML) methods in the field intensifies. Human-labeled datasets are particularly indispensable for ML-based validation and design of user interfaces (UIs). The production of such datasets is often outsourced to crowdworkers, who typically have lower motivation and payment compared to in-house staff, so the quality of their work becomes the paramount concern. In our paper, we explore the applicability of the trending fraud detection approach based on fit to power law in crowdsourced web UI labeling. On Amazon Mechanical Turk, 298 crowdworkers labeled over 30,000 UI elements in about 500 university homepage screenshots. We found a significant correlation between workers’ precisions and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics-based goodness-of-fit between the frequencies of UI elements in a worker’s output and power law. The obtained R2 = 0.504 was higher than the R2 = 0.432 baseline for the popular time-on-task parameter. Moreover, the distribution of UI elements’ frequencies is much less prone to manipulation by malicious crowdworkers, which is advantageous as a crowdsourced data quality control measure. The findings of our study suggest a certain resemblance between web UIs and natural language texts, in which word frequencies are known to comply with Zipf’s law.

The building is a place to hold an event with a large number of visitors. The use of the building in holding an event makes it easier for event organizers in the process of implementing the event. The current building rental system at the Kemuning building hall takes a long time in the process of renting the building. The search for information and the process of listing the status of building leasing still uses a manual system, which is recorded in a rental book. This can make the building rental system unstructured and poorly controlled. An information system can make it easier for tenants in the rental process for the yellow building. The building rental information system application uses the web engineering method which aims to build an integrated information system that can engineer the web with several technical requirements and identify information. The resulting information system is a building rental website that can minimize errors made by officers in registering tenants, data building rental recapitulation, avoiding data manipulation and being a distinct advantage for managers who prioritize technological advances by using the system through website-based database applications. The features on this website include a list of packages offered, the ease of making building rental reservations and making the payment process easier. This building rental information system can provide convenience for consumers and officers in the process of renting a building and managing data on the rental of the Kemuning building.

This foreword introduces a summary of themes and papers of the Web2Touch (W2T) 2020–21 Track at the 29th IEEE WETICE Conference held as a virtual Conference, in October 2020. W2T 2020–21 includes six full papers and four short papers. They all address relevant issues in the field of information sharing for collaboration, including, big data analytics, knowledge engineering, linked open data, applications of smart Web technologies, and smart care. The papers address a portfolio of hot issues in research and applications of semantics, smart technologies (e.g., IoT, sensors, devices for tele-monitoring, and smart contents management) with crucial topics, such as big data analysis, knowledge representation, smart enterprise management, among the others. This track shows how cooperative technologies based on knowledge representation, intelligent tools, and enhanced Web engineering can enhance collaborative work through smart service design and delivery, so it contributes to radically change the role of the semantic Web and applications.

This study is a preliminary case study examining the use of a free Web Development learning platform in order to en-deepen and facilitate further knowledge in App Development beginners. The use of CodeTrip.gr was examined with regard to perceived learning outcomes and effect on the need for cognition from the viewpoint of undergraduate non-major students with basic Web Engineering and programming skills. A didactic intervention including CodeTrip was conducted with a randomized sample of 18 undergraduate students, who were asked during the tool introduction and after doing the course, using qualitative analysis and validated items from technology and media effects research. The results are promising and support the idea that the user interface of the tool adds to the learning of the students since they show higher need for cognition scores and better self-evaluation after its use. Generalization of results is limited due to the small sample size. Future work includes the validation of the questionnaire with a bigger sample.

In this paper, we propose an architecturally novel approach to implementing purpose-based access control in practice. Different from previous proposals, our approach resides on the application instead of the data(base) layer. This allows for significantly better integration with established architectures and practices of real-world application engineering and to achieve database independence. To validate practical applicability, we provide two exemplary implementations and briefly assess the introduced overhead in matters of achievable throughputs. Results significantly depend on data and query type but basically suggest bearable overheads for realistic applications even though possible performance optimizations have not been implemented in our proofs-of-concept yet. Our approach thus proposes significantly better practical feasibility than previous ones and exhibits reasonable overheads. It therefore paves the way for purpose-based access control to be actually adopted in practice.

This paper documents a systematic approach (RAMLFlask) to extending Web application frameworks (Flask) to include support for interface-description languages (IDLs such as RAML) and code generation.

For last 15 years universities around the world are continuously developing effective curricula for Web Engineering in order to create good opportunities for graduates to cope up with IT-Software industries. From this study we will show the gap between the skill requirements of IT-Software industries and universities’ web course curricula. Also, we will provide a balanced and structured web course curriculum for any universities. Nowadays, there is a rapid development in web-based applications everywhere but most of our students are late bloomer in programming. So, to ease their difficulties in web sector we need a balanced web curriculum and effective teaching method. By this curriculum one can achieve an overall idea and a minimum view of web engineering which can be beneficial for them in further Web development. Students get a little knowledge in their university on Web Engineering because of the vastness of the contents and the small duration of semester. Our two-semester web course curricula will help them to overcome this problem. Two-semester web course curricula have a huge impact on achieving the minimum required skill in web development field in IT-Software industries. It will help to obtain most of the area of web related content also it will increase problem solving skill and versatile knowledge of web engineering in undergraduate life.

A robust technique for generating web navigation logs could be fundamental for applications not yet released, since developers could evaluate their applications as if they were used by real clients. This could allow to test and improve the applications faster and with lower costs, especially with respect to the usability and interaction aspects. In this paper we propose the application of deep learning techniques, like recurrent neural networks (RNN) and generative adversarial neural networks (GAN), aimed at generating high-quality weblogs, which can be used for automated testing and improvement of Web sites even before their release.

Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2020; Aachen 1 Online-Ressource (xiv,207 Seiten) : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2020). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2020, Since its invention in 1989, the only reliable factor on the Web has been its continuous change and diffusion into more and more application areas. The evolution was shaped by an interplay of new technologies on the one hand, and innovative application ideas from communities on the other. At a technological scale, alternation between vastly distributed and centralized architectures can be observed. The current challenges caused by the ongoing digital transformation are changing workplace settings and the adoption of the Internet of Things in industrial use cases, as for example in the context of Industry 4.0. On the Web, new technologies and device types sprawl together with new communication protocols and revised application programming interfaces (APIs). This inhibits the demanded rapid innovation cycles and creates a disruptive and unstable environment in which the requirements of endless communities must be met. Information systems infrastructure, while only partially visible and thus hard to grasp, has a strong influence on user practices. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to stabilize the dichotomies apparent in the Web by means of an agile information systems development methodology. It supports the evolution of infrastructure through community-driven and model-based technologies to guide it on a sustainable path of continuous innovation. Our DevOpsUse methodology includes users in the process of infrastructuring, i.e. the appropriation of infrastructure during its usage. Agile development practices in software engineering, in particular DevOps, promote stronger cooperation between development and operating teams. DevOpsUse additionally fosters a stronger involvement of end users in software development processes. It intends to empower communities of practice to create and run their own software on their specific infrastructure, with the help of various newly developed software artifacts. The instantiation of our DevOpsUse life cycle model starts with Requirements Bazaar, a Web-based tool involving end users in the idea generation and evolution phases. Direwolf is a model-based framework bridging the gap between technocratic API descriptions created by developers, and user interfaces understood by end users. Faster development times require a streamlined deployment, which we achieve with the software container-based Layers Box. Ultimately, distributed development and operation go hand in hand with our evolutionary analytics platform SWEVA. The newly developed DevOpsUse methodology with its four areas, all involving end users, has been successfully validated by the transitions between three generations of technologies: near real-time peer-to-peer Web architectures, edge computing, and the Internet of Things. All technological leaps could be adequately mastered and supported by significantly end-user-oriented measures. In particular, we were able to demonstrate our methodology's capabilities through longitudinal studies in several large-scale international digitalization projects. DevOpsUse scalability and involvement aspects were confirmed in entrepreneurial and medical teaching courses. Beyond Web information systems, the framework and its open source tools are applicable in further innovative areas like mixed reality and Industry 4.0. Its broad adaptability testifies that DevOpsUse has the potential to unlock sustainable innovation capabilities., Published by Aachen

Software systems that are embedded in autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually have a large life-cycle, both during its development and in maintenance. This software evolves during its life-cycle in order to incorporate new requirements, bug fixes, and to deal with hardware obsolescence. The current process for developing and maintaining this software is very fragmented, which makes developing new software versions and deploying them in the CPSs extremely expensive. In other domains, such as web engineering, the phases of development and operation are tightly connected, making it possible to easily perform software updates of the system, and to obtain operational data that can be analyzed by engineers at development time. However, in spite of the rise of new communication technologies (e.g., 5G) providing an opportunity to acquire Design-Operation Continuum Engineering methods in the context of CPSs, there are still many complex issues that need to be addressed, such as the ones related with hardware-software co-design. Therefore, the process of Design-Operation Continuum Engineering for CPSs requires substantial changes with respect to the current fragmented software development process. In this paper, we build a taxonomy for Design-Operation Continuum Engineering of CPSs based on case studies from two different industrial domains involving CPSs (elevation and railway). This taxonomy is later used to elicit requirements from these two case studies in order to present a blueprint on adopting Design-Operation Continuum Engineering in any organization developing CPSs.

During the revolution of webs, several modern web applications appeared. After developing electronic devices, Ubiquitous web applications (UWA) becomes an important part of web applications. UWAs are a new type of web applications which are accessed in various contexts, meaning through different devices, by users with various interests, at any time from any place around the globe. The problem is UWA features made challenge during the process development of web engineering methods. Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML) is the recent modeling language has many concepts for developing interactions in web applications compared with other web engineering methods. In this paper, we present the role of IFML method to develop UWA features through analyzing IFML and designing a case study. The result of this paper becomes a guide for developers and increase the usability of IFML.

International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE 2019, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 19 Jan 2020 - 21 Jan 2020; Data science and engineering : DSE 5(3), 240-260 (2020). doi:10.1007/s41019-020-00131-3 special issue: "Special Issue: WISE 2019 / Issue editors: Reynold Cheng, Sibo Wang, Wen Hua & Xin Huang", Published by Springer, Berlin

Academic year there were 2014/2015 the latest national test that policy can be implemented in two ways, the first national examination was carried out with the mechanics in writing or Paper Based Test (PBT), and the second national examination is carried out by the mechanism uses a computer or Computer Based so-called Test (CBT). Computer Based Test (CBT) for its implementation, where all test process was done through computers, ranging from the creation of matter, the setting class, setting the user can take the exam, the teacher was teaching, setting up the test process, utilizing web engineering technology, as well as its spring system online. Academic year 2016/2017 in South Sumatra by as much as 261 high schools both public and private have been implementing a national exam in the form of Computer-Based Test (Kemendikbud 2017). This study sampled in ten high schools located in remote villages. In understanding and knowledge about the use of technology-based desktop application specifically at schools that are in remote villages is insufficient, in karenakan least amount of computers and teachers who are in school. The purpose of this research was to measure the application of Computer Based Test using variable effectiveness and efficiency on the basis of ISO 9126. In this study researchers use quantitative research methods with the application of the model of ISO 9126, which consists of a variable effectiveness and efficiency. This research use the measuring instrument in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 297 respondents out of ten high school, where the measurement scale that is used in the form of data analysis and likert scale done testing the validity of, reabilitas and regression Double

Web Systems are widely used and accepted due to their advantages over traditional desktop applications. Modernization of existing non-Web software towards the Web, however, is a complex and challenging task due to Legacy System characteristics. Independent Software Vendors are struggling to commence Web Migration because of the involved effort and risk. Through systematic field research and problem analysis, this situation is further analyzed, deriving a set of requirements that represent the effort and risk concerns and are used to assess the state of the art in the field. Existing Web Migration research exhibits gaps concerning dedicated approaches for the initial phase and feasibility of the proposed strategies with limited resources and expertise. This thesis proposes a solution to address the shortcomings above and support Independent Software Vendors to commence Web Migration, focusing on effort and risk. The main idea is to provide a set of dedicated solutions to close the identified gaps in the form of a methodology and a supporting toolsuite that transfer paradigms successfully solving similar problems in other areas of computer science into the Web Migration domain. These solutions constitute the proposed approach called Agile Web Migration for SMEs (AWSM), consisting of methods, tools, principles, and formalisms for reverse engineering, risk management, customer impact control, and migration strategy selection. The thesis describes the research on the devised ideas in the context of a collaboration project with an Independent Software Vendor. Applicability and feasibility of the concepts are demonstrated in several evaluation experiments, integrating empirical user studies and objective measurements. The thesis concludes with an evaluation based on requirements assessment and application of the solutions in the application scenario, and it provides an outlook towards future work.:1 Introduction 2 Requirements Analysis 3 State of the Art 4 Addressing Effort and Risk Concerns in Web Migration 5 AWSM Reverse Engineering Method 6 AWSM Risk Management Method 7 AWSM Customer Impact Control Method 8 Evaluation 9 Conclusion and Outlook Web-basierte Software-Systeme werden weithin verwendet und akzeptiert aufgrund ihrer Vorteile gegenüber traditionellen Desktopanwendungen. Die Modernisierung von Nicht-Web-Software zu Web-Software stellt jedoch wegen der Charakteristika von Legacy-Systemen eine komplexe und herausfordernde Aufgabe dar. Unabhängigen Softwareproduzenten (Independent Software Vendors) fällt es schwer, Web Migration zu initiieren aufgrund des damit einhergehenden Aufwands und Risikos. Durch systematische Primärerhebungen und Problemanalyse wird diese Situation weitergehend untersucht und eine Reihe von Anforderungen abgeleitet, welche die Aufwands- und Riskobedenken repräsentieren und verwendet werden, um den Stand der Technik in diesem Gebiet zu bewerten. Existierende Web Migration Forschung weist Mängel hinsichtlich von dedizierten Ansätzen für die initiale Phase und der Machbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Strategien mit begrenzten Ressourcen und begrenzter Expertise auf. Diese Dissertation schlägt eine Lösung für die oben ausgeführten Mängel vor, um unabhängige Softwareproduzenten bei der Initiierung einer Web Migration zu unterstützen, welche sich auf ihre Bedenken bezüglich des Aufwands und Risikos fokussiert. Die Grundidee ist es eine Sammlung von dedizierten Lösungen für die identifizierten Mängel in Form einer Methodologie und einer Reihe von unterstützenden Werkzeugen anzubieten, welche Paradigmen, die erfolgreich ähnliche Probleme in anderen Gebieten der Informatik lösen konnten, in die Web Migration Domäne transferieren. Diese Lösungen ergeben den vorgeschlagenen Ansatz, Agile Web Migration for SMEs (AWSM), welcher aus Methoden, Werkzeugen, Prinzipien und Formalismen für Reverse Engineering, Riskomanagement, Customer Impact Control und Migrationsstrategieauswahl bestehen. Die Dissertation beschreibt die Forschung an den im Rahmen einer Industriekooperation mit einem unabhängigen Softwareproduzenten entwickelten Ideen. Anwendbarkeit und Machbarkeit der Konzepte werden in mehreren Evaluationsexperimenten, welche empirische Nutzerstudien mit objektiven Messungen verbinden, demonstriert. Die Dissertation schließt mit einer bewertenden Evaluation basierend auf den Anforderungen und auf dem Einsatz der Lösungen im Anwendungsszenario, sowie einem Ausblick auf weiterführende Arbeiten.:1 Introduction 2 Requirements Analysis 3 State of the Art 4 Addressing Effort and Risk Concerns in Web Migration 5 AWSM Reverse Engineering Method 6 AWSM Risk Management Method 7 AWSM Customer Impact Control Method 8 Evaluation 9 Conclusion and Outlook

Web Engineering has ended up being one of the focal regimens disciplines for building Web-arranged applications. This paper proposes to reposition Web working to be dynamically unequivocal what precisely the Web is, by which we mean an interface advancement, yet an information structure, into which Web-arranged applications must be embedded. Progressively standard Web applications normally are just UIs to data storage facilities, while the years prior have shown that well-arranged Web-arranged applications can begin with no data, and get all their motivating force from being open and pulling in customers on a gigantic scale.

This article describes how cloud computing utilizes the benefits of web engineering and its applications by improving the performance and reducing the load on cloud providers. As the cloud is one of the emerging technology in the field of computing, it is used to provide various services to the user through the internet. One of the major concerns in cloud computing is accessibility of cloud. For estimating the availability of cloud, various load balancing algorithms are deployed in data centers of the cloud environment. Load balancing is a technique that distributes a signal load across various computers for optimizing resource usage, reducing response time, etc. There are different load balancing algorithms, for performing the load distribution across various centers. This article analyses different load balancing algorithms and develop a new algorithm for efficient load balancing. The proposed load balancing algorithm utilizes the concepts of web engineering to prioritize the request of end user using parsing technique, which will assign the resources to the end users based on the priority set by the data centers.

Practical effort estimation is very basic and most essential aspect of very organisation to sustain better project management. Accuracy in efforts makes the organisation to surge its business and build motivation among its customers effectively. It was observed that continuous improvement is required for software effort assessment after regular eras.The fundamental point of this examination work is to assess the execution of Re-UCP strategy for estimation of efforts for web application projects. This research work compares the existing effort estimation model results with the Re-UCP effort estimation methods results for web application development projects.