Search

The construction projects are rising in Pakistan to overcome the flow of traffic on the main road of big cities. Karachi is the metropolitan city of Pakistan facing uncontrolled growth and urbanization, which leads to an increase in the demand for urban transport facilities. The study focuses on the assessment of the environmental impacts of the Tariq Road underpass construction site. The data was collected with the help of community consultation using analytical methods. It includes public chat, site visits, interviews, questioners, and the samples collection of environmental components. The results show that the most common hazards were related to excavation, working practice variation, and personal protective equipment (PPEs). Faulty and unmaintained machinery with the lack of proper barrier producing noise and air pollution.

Cu/BF3-catalyzed three-component functionalization of alkene has been developed from allylic alcohols and commercial sulfonamides. A green reaction setup and a wide scope of substrates are the merits of this strategy over previously reported ones.

Retrenchment refers to a business strategy that reduces the company's Size by decreasing its level of diversity. When a business experiences losses, cutting costs and slowing operations is one ways to ensure the company can continue operating. The study's goal is to learn more about how Retrenchment Strategy and financial indicators affect the success of Pakistan's publicly listed companies. Secondary data from the yearly financial statements of 76 non-financial businesses listed on the KSE-100 Index between 2015 and 2021 has been utilized to analyze Retrenchment and performance characteristics. We tested whether or not any of our research assumptions held using Panel Regression Analysis (ROE model) and Fixed Effects Panel Regression Analysis (ROA model). Based on the results of the panel regression analysis, it is clear that the Retrenchment Strategy has a significant and favourable impact on the success of Pakistani businesses. In support of the company's Retrenchment practices, the study provides evidence from Resource Basis View Theory and the Agency Theory. Using retrenchment as the primary dependent variable, it first examines how this strategy relates to the success of businesses. In addition, it will add to the canon by shedding light on the rising markets in Pakistan. The findings might serve as a benchmark for similar studies to be conducted in the future in Pakistan

Aim of this research is to find whether there exists an impact of audit committee characteristics on the intellectual capital of banks in the developing country Pakistan. In this study the independent variable audit committee characteristics contain three components that are independence, size, and meetings while the dependent variable is efficiency of intellectual capital which is measured using modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) approach and the control variables utilized in the paper are bank specific. The sample contains 28 banks and total number of observations are 308 which contains data for time period 2010 to 2020. Audit committee helps in improving internal control by overseeing management decisions ultimately resulting in enhancing an institutions overall efficiency. The findings of the paper disclosed that there is a significantly positive influence of audit committee characteristics on intellectual capital efficiency of banks. The outcomes deduced from the research could provide further insights on the association between components of audit committee and intellectual capital efficiency which will be of significance for managers in making decisions regarding AC composition in order to increase IC in developing nations.

Objective: To examined the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the removal of small and large stones. Study Design: Observational prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Urology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from 1st January 2018 to 31st January 2019. Methodology: Two hundred patients, 139 males and 61 females, who underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for stones were enrolled. The participants were separated into two groups based on stone size group A (stones measuring between 1.5 to 2.0 cm) and group B (stones measuring between 2.0 and 2.5 cm). Patients who were pediatric or had co-morbidities were excluded. The number of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy sessions and the number of beams per session were determined based on the clearance of the stones, if the radiology report indicated that the stones were completely cleared or if fragments smaller than 2 mm in diameter were present. Results: In group A, only 26 patients had partial clearance while in group B only 2 patients had partial clearance. The majority of the patients in both groups did not report any complications. The most common complaint was isolated haematuria, with 9 (4.5%) patients in the one session group, 16 (8%) in the two session group, and 5 (2.5%) in the three or more session group reporting this symptom Two patients in group A had hematoma along with haematuria, one patient in group A had massive haematuria that required transfusion, and one patient in each group reported having steintrasse with haematuria. In addition, one patient in group A had an isolated hematoma. Conclusion: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is effective and first-line treatment option for small renal stones. For ureteric stones, the location of stones should be taken into account, as this can have an effect on the stone-free rate and efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Keywords: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), Stone removal, Ureteric Stones, Haematuria