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Transition‐metal‐mediated metalation of an aromatic C−H bond that is adjacent to a tertiary phosphine group in arylphosphines via a four‐membered chelate ring was first discovered in 1968. Herein, we overcome a long‐standing problem with the ortho‐C−H activation of arylphosphines in a catalytic fashion. In particular, we developed a rhodium‐catalyzed ortho‐selective C−H borylation of various commercially available arylphosphines with B2pin2 through PIII‐chelation‐assisted C−H activation. This discovery is suggestive of a generic platform that could enable the late‐stage modification of readily accessible arylphosphines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium‐catalyzed C7‐selective decarbonylative arylation, olefination, and methylation of indoles with carboxylic acids or anhydrides by C−H and C−C bond activation have been developed. Furthermore, C7‐acylation products can also be generated selectively at a lower reaction temperature in the developed system. The key to the high reactivity and regioselectivity of this transformation is the appropriate choice of an indole N‐PtBu2 chelation‐assisted group. This method has many advantages, including easy access and removal of the directing group, the use of cheap and widely available coupling agents, no requirement of an external ligand or oxidant, a broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and the formation of a sole regioisomer. 4 in 1: A PIII‐chelation‐assisted group coordinates to the rhodium(I) catalyst and directs C−H activation to the indole C7 position, which then allows for a series of selective C−H functionalizations with carboxylic acids or anhydrides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of environmental analysis devices with high performance is essential to assess the potential risks of environmental pollutants. However, it is still challenging to develop environmental analysis equipment with miniaturization, portability, and high sensitivity based on traditional processing techniques. In recent years, the popularity of 3D printing technology (3DP) with high precision, low cost, and unlimited design freedom has provided opportunities to solve the existing challenges of environmental analysis. 3D printing has brought solutions to promote the high performance and versatility of environmental analysis equipment by optimizing printing materials, enhancing equipment structure, and integrating multidisciplinary technology. In this paper, we comprehensively review the latest progress in 3D printing in various aspects of environmental analysis procedures, including but not limited to sample collection, pretreatment, separation, and detection. We highlight their advantages and challenges in determining various environmental contaminants through passive sampling, solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry detection. The manufacturing of 3D-printed environmental analysis devices is also discussed. Finally, we look forward to their development prospects and challenges. [Display omitted] • The latest progress of 3D printing in environmental analysis (2015-2022). • Featuring the importance of 3D-printed devices in improving environmental analysis. • Development prospects and challenges of 3D printing in environmental analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new analytical method is proposed to acquire the electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) from charge/discharge curves. From the voltage response to the current step during a charging or discharging process, the three elements are firstly calculated to construct the equivalent circuit model (ECM), i.e. the stray inductance, the Ohmic resistance and the distribution of relaxation timescales (DRT) spectrum of the LIB. Then the constructed ECM is utilized to analyze the impedance spectrum. Though the experimental setup is simple, it is observed that the impedance spectra of the LIB determined by the proposed method agree well with that measured using the conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. Besides, the proposed method has the capability to obtain the Ohmic resistance and charge transfer resistance of LIBs in as short time as 0.05s, which makes the fast examination in the manufacturing factories, the internal temperature monitoring and online states estimation in the battery management system (BMS) possible. • New EIS method obtaining from charge/discharge curves of LIBs. • Ultra-short acquisition time (0.05s) for obtaining charge transfer resistance. • Critical interpretation and validation for impedance spectra and DRT spectra. • Great potential for applications including manufacturing factories and BMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) column concentrations observed by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and ground stations at Mt Waliguan (36.29° N, 100.90° E) and Lulin (23.47° N, 120.87° E) in China are compared. The data covered time periods from June 2009 to November 2011 for GOSAT and from July 2009 to December 2010 for the ground stations. The GOSAT monthly mean data tend to be generally smaller than those of the ground measurements by 5–10 ppm. The spatial and temporal variations of the atmospheric XCO2(dry air, column averaged, molar fraction of CO2) concentrations, especially in the regions of China, are analysed by using the GOSAT monthly mean data. The variations are more significant in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere and show relatively high values and obvious fluctuations in the 15° N–45° N latitudinal band. These are generally consistent with the measurements of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The satellite data show significant seasonal variations, with maximum in April and May and minimum in September and October. This feature is in general agreement with that of the ground observations and previous reports. In the regions of China, the XCO2ranged from 355 ppm to 385 ppm with a mean of 374 ppm, which is in agreement with the global concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ketones, prevalent in many biologically significant molecules, require the development of novel methods to synthesize these structures, which is a critical endeavor in organic synthesis. Transition metal catalysis has proven to be an effective method for synthesizing ketones. However, the scope of these substrates remains relatively limited, particularly due to their incompatibility with sensitive functional groups. Herein, we report a Ni-catalyzed three-component 1,2-carboacylation of alkenes, which activates secondary/tertiary alkyl bromides. This method offers significant advantages: simplicity of operation, ready availability of substrates, and broad substrate applicability. A series of experimental studies have helped clarify the key mechanistic pathways involved in this cascade reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lifetime and cost-efficiency of PV inverters can be greatly influenced by the configuration for example over-weight factor of PV panels. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis, considering the real-field mission profile and influence from PV panel configuration is provided. The results show that with the increase of over-weight factor from 1.2 to 1.5 in an 800 MW inverter, the daily average full-power duration could increase from less than 1 h to almost 3 h. While the lifetime of inverter, which is characterized by operation lifetime of IGBTs, decreases from 40 years to 20 years. Moreover, when the over-weight factor of PV panels is around 1.425, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) could be approaching to the minima in Jodhpur that making best cost-efficiency. However, the over-weight factor is advised to choose the value of 1.35 in Jodhpur. At this point, the lifetime of inverters could be higher than 25 years while the LCOE is still in the valley. • A mission-profile analysis about the lifetime prediction of PV inverter is provided. • The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is well analyzed in the field of PV inverter. • The estimated lifetime and LCOE are factors for deciding the over-weight factor of PV panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct and selective installation of two different functional groups into the unsaturated bonds of alkenes constitutes a long-standing goal in organic synthesis. Herein, we first report a photoelectrochemical approach for the carboacylation/silanoylation of alkenes with unactivated alkanes/hydrosilanes via the LMCT process. A number of ketones with high complexity and diversity were rapidly obtained from commercially available materials in an economical and sustainable manner. Furthermore, this protocol can be scaled up to the gram-level. This paired electrocatalysis strategy features excellent regioselectivity, and ample substrate scope, is external-oxidant-free, and features a high resource economy. A series of mechanistic experiments were performed to determine the preferred pathway for the photoelectrochemical Ni(I)/Ni(II)/Ni(III) cycles in these transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 30-day all-cause mortality of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) was 3.5 %. • This study externally validated the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI), RIETE score, Geneva score, modified FAST and Bova score for 30-day mortality of acute PE, based on the large Chinese nationwide prospective cohort. • Area under the curve for predicting 30-day mortality of sPESI was 0.712 (95 % CI, 0.680, 0.743), with the odds ratio of 4.743 for sPESI ⩾1 point (95 % CI, 3.427, 6.563, p < 0.001). • The sPESI also showed a high sensitivity of 0.809. • The implementation of sPESI in Chinese patients with PE can help to discriminate patients with extremely low risk of short-term mortality for home treatment or early discharge. The performance of existing prognostic scores including the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) for short-term mortality of non-high-risk PE in Chinese population has not been widely validated. Non-high-risk patients were included from the prospective cohort of the China pUlmonary Thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES). The sPESI, RIETE, Geneva, modified FAST, and Bova score were validated. The discriminatory performance was measured by the area under the curve (AUC). We also compared the sensitivity, odds ratio, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of these scores. A total of 6,873 non-high-risk patients with acute PE were included and 241 (3.5 %) patients died within 30 days. Compared to the Geneva, modified FAST, and Bova score, the AUCs for predicting 30-day death of sPESI and RIETE score were higher at 0.712 (95 % CI, 0.680, 0.743) and 0.723 (95 % CI, 0.691, 0.755) respectively. The sPESI demonstrated the highest sensitivity at 0.809, while the RIETE score, Geneva, Modified FAST and BOVA score showed sensitivities of 0.622, 0.568, 0.477 and 0.502 respectively. A sPESI ⩾1 point was associated with a 4.7-fold increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (95 % CI, 3.427, 6.563, p < 0.001), while a RIETE score of ⩾1 point was associated with a 4.5-fold increased risk (95 % CI, 3.127, 6.341, p < 0.001). The Geneva score, modified FAST and Bova score showed inferior performance. The implementation of the fewer-parameter, easier-to-calculate sPESI in Chinese patients with PE can help to discriminate patients with extremely low risk of short-term mortality for home treatment or early discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) comorbid renal insufficiency (RI) are at higher risk of bleeding and thrombosis. Recommendations in guidelines on anticoagulation therapy for those patients remain ambiguous. The goal of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety between different anticoagulant regimens in VTE patients comorbid RI at different stages of treatment and prophylaxis. We performed English-language searches of Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (inception to Nov 2022). RCTs evaluated anticoagulants for VTE treatment at the acute phase, extension phase, and prophylaxis in patients with RI and reported efficacy and safety outcomes were selected. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed at the outcome level using the risk-of-bias assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Bias Methods Group. A meta-analysis of twenty-five RCTs was conducted, comprising data from twenty-three articles, encompassing a total of 9,680 participants with RI. In the acute phase, the risk of bleeding was increased with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to LMWH (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60). For the prophylaxis of VTE, NOACs were associated with an elevated risk of bleeding compared with placebo (RR 1.31, 95%CI 1.02–1.68). In comparison to non-RI patients, both NOACs and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) could increase the risk of bleeding among RI patients (RR 1.45, 95%CI 1.14–1.84 and RR 1.53, 95%CI 1.25–1.88, respectively) during acute phase, while NOACs may increase the incidence of VTE in RI population (RR 1.74, 95%CI 1.29–2.34). RI patients who are under routine anticoagulation have a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes. LMWH is the most effective and safe option for VTE treatment or prophylaxis in patients with RI. Highlights: • Renal insufficient (RI) patients were at significant higher risk of adverse outcomes, especially bleeding, than non-RI patients under the use of routine anticoagulation treatment. • Low molecular weight heparin (LWMH) would be an optimized option for patients with RI undergoing VTE treatment and prophylaxis, both in terms of efficacy and safety. • These findings provide comprehensive evidence for the optimal choice of anticoagulants for the treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with comorbid RI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]