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The purpose of this study was to report the first recovery and characterization of Leptospira interrogans (serogroup Australis) from urine of swine in Brazil. The isolate was studied by serogrouping, MLVA, PGFE, and partial sequencing of rrs and secY. It was serogrouped as serogroup Australis, probably serovar Bratislava (titre 1,600), and sequenced as Leptospira interrogans. The MLVA and PGFE profiles also suggested the isolate as serovar Bratislava, since they were indistinguishable from reference strains Balico and Jez Bratislava. This is the first Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis isolate, probably serovar Bratislava, obtained in Brazil.

The objective of the study was to determine the association between clinical ophthalmic alterations and seroreactivity to leptospirosis by serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae in horses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 199 horses were studied. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect specific anti-Leptospira antibodies in blood serum. A total of 107 (53.8%) horses were seroreactive (titres > 200); 54 had high (> 800) titres, of which 44 were against serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. Forty-two out of these 44, plus 40 seronegative horses (titers < 100) were given detailed ophthalmic examinations. Epiphora, ocular congestion, blepharospasm, photophobia, and peripapillary focal depigmentation were the most frequent alterations in seroreactive horses. Most ocular alterations were significantly more frequent in seroreactive horses. Horses seroreactive for leptospirosis (serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae) had a significantly higher prevalence of ophthalmic alterations than seronegative horses, providing additional evidence for an association between leptospirosis and equine uveitis.

The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis aims to identify the immune response against mycobacterial antigens. Although Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin test (SICCT) is broadly used for first identification of the disease, the performance of ELISAs has been investigated for diagnosis improvement. The present study expected to find out the influence of intradermal skin tests on the results of ELISAs using the recombinant proteins MPB70 and MPB83 as antigens on cows from a naturally infected herd. Results were analyzed by the F-test, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests Although comparable to both proteins, results showed that positive animals presented a tendency of augment reactivity to MPB70, representing a tendency for a booster effect, but not to MPB83.

Li-Tzy Wu1,2, Walter Ling3, Bruce Burchett1, Dan G Blazer1,2, Jack Shostak2, George E Woody41Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, 2Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; 3David Geffen School of Medicine, NPI/Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 4Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USAPurpose: Detoxification often serves as an initial contact for treatment and represents an opportunity for engaging patients in aftercare to prevent relapse. However, there is limited information concerning clinical profiles of individuals seeking detoxification, and the opportunity to engage patients in detoxification for aftercare often is missed. This study examined clinical profiles of a geographically diverse sample of opioid-dependent adults in detoxification to discern the treatment needs of a growing number of women and whites with opioid addiction and to inform interventions aimed at improving use of aftercare or rehabilitation.Methods: The sample included 343 opioid-dependent patients enrolled in two national multisite studies of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN001-002). Patients were recruited from 12 addiction treatment programs across the nation. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in addiction severity, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, and quality of life were examined.Results: Women and whites were more likely than men and African Americans to have greater psychiatric and family/social relationship problems and report poorer health-related quality of life and functioning. Whites and Hispanics exhibited higher levels of total HIV risk scores and risky injection drug use scores than African Americans, and Hispanics showed a higher level of unprotected sexual behaviors than whites. African Americans were more likely than whites to use heroin and cocaine and to have more severe alcohol and employment problems.Conclusions: Women and whites show more psychopathology than men and African Americans. These results highlight the need to monitor an increased trend of opioid addiction among women and whites and to develop effective combined psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments to meet the diverse needs of the expanding opioid-abusing population. Elevated levels of HIV risk behaviors among Hispanics and whites also warrant more research to delineate mechanisms and to reduce their risky behaviors.Keywords: buprenorphine, clinical trials network, gender differences, heath disparity, HIV risk behavior, methadone, opioid dependence, rehabilitation

The objective was to study haematological and biochemical alterations associated to seropositivity to Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava infection in horses with reproductive alterations, such as neonatal deaths, embryonic deaths and abortions. A flock of mares with poor reproductive performance was studied. Eighty-two (58.6%) were seropositive (titre 200); 72 of those (87.8%) for Bratislava. Slight haematological and biochemical alterations were observed, being more frequent (PO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas associadas à soropositividade para Leptospira interrogans sorovar Bratislava em cavalos com alterações reprodutivas, tais como mortes neonatais, absorção embrionária e abortamentos. Um rebanho de éguas com baixos índices reprodutivos foi estudado. Oitenta e duas (58,6%) foram soropositivas (títulos 200), sendo 72 destas (87,8%) para Bratislava. Foram observadas poucas alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas, mais frequentes (P

A paratuberculose (PTB) é uma enterite crônica determinada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) que afeta ruminantes. Necropsiaram-se três animais mestiços com PTB clínica, para coleta de amostras de tecidos coletadas, as quais foram processadas para histopatologia e para cultura bacteriológica. Classificaram-se as lesões intestinais em três níveis de severidade (leve, moderada e severa) por exame macroscópico. Procedeu-se ao exame visual, à microscopia e à cultura dos tecidos, comparando-se os resultados entre si. A sensibilidade média da cultura foi de 66,6%. Isolou-se Map a partir de 42,8% das lesões intestinais leves; 55,5% das lesões moderadas e 100% das lesões severas. Os resultados indicam uma correlação significativa entre a variação de severidade das lesões e o isolamento de Map. ALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bovinos, doença de Johne, Map, paratuberculose, patologia. Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic enteritis determined by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) that affects ruminants. Three crossbred dairy cattle with clinical PTB were necropsied; tissue samples were collected and processed for histopathology and culture. Intestinal lesions were characterized in three levels of severity (mild, moderate and severe) by gross examination. Gross examination, microscopy and tissue culture were analyzed and compared. Mean tissue culture sensitivity was 66.6%. Map was recovered from 42.8% of intestinal mild lesions, 55.5% of intestinal moderate lesions, and 100% of severe intestine lesions. The results indicate a significant correlation between the level of lesions severity and the isolation of Map. KEY WORDS: Cattle, Johne’s disease, Map, paratuberculosis, pathology

Foram testadas 120 amostras séricas de cães com títulos (³100) perante Icterohaemorrhagiae para a determinação dos níveis séricos de uréia e de creatinina. Os animais com títulos ³800 apresentaram dosagens de uréia bastante superiores aos valores de referência e os com títulos ³200 e £400 apresentaram valores de uréia significativamente menores (P³800 apresentaram dosagens acima do padrão normal. Observou-se uma clara correlação entre dano renal e a sororreatividade específica para leptospirose.One hundred and twenty serum samples from dogs with specific titres (³100) against Leptospira sp. serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae for the dosage of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were tested. Animals presenting titres ³800 showed BUN levels higher than reference values while samples with titres ³200 and £400 presented BUN levels significantly lower (P³800 showed dosages higher than the reference values. A correlation between renal damage and specific seroreactivity for leptospirosis was demonstrated.

Patients who are newly screened HIV positive by EIA are lost to follow-up due to complicated HIV testing procedures. Because this is the first step in care, it affects the entire continuum of care. This is a particular concern in rural China.To assess the routine HIV testing completeness and treatment initiation rates at 18 county-level general hospitals in rural Guangxi.We reviewed original hospital HIV screening records. Investigators also engaged with hospital leaders and key personnel involved in HIV prevention activities to characterize in detail the routine care practices in place at each county.699 newly screened HIV-positive patients between January 1 and June 30, 2013 across the 18 hospitals were included in the study. The proportion of confirmatory testing across the 18 hospitals ranged from 14% to 87% (mean of 43%), and the proportion of newly diagnosed individuals successfully initiated antiretroviral treatment across the hospitals ranged from 3% to 67% (mean of 23%). The average interval within hospitals for individuals to receive the Western Blot (WB) and CD4 test results from HIV positive screening (i.e. achieving testing completion) ranged from 14-116 days (mean of 41.7 days) across the hospitals. The shortest interval from receiving a positive EIA screening test result to receiving WB and CD4 testing and counseling was 0 day and the longest was 260 days.The proportion of patients newly screened HIV positive that completed the necessary testing procedures for HIV confirmation and received ART was very low. Interventions are urgently needed to remove barriers so that HIV patients can have timely access to HIV/AIDS treatment and care in rural China.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 35 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante las técnicas convencional y laparoscópica, quienes presentaron lesiones iatrogénicas de las vías biliares, en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico “Saturnino Lora Torres” de Santiago de Cuba, en un período de 8 años (2007-2014), con vistas a caracterizarles según algunas variables de interés y determinar la mortalidad asociada. Entre los resultados preponderantes figuraron el sexo femenino y las edades de 35 a 54 años, las lesiones producidas de la colecistectomía videolaparoscópica electiva por litiasis vesicular, las formas clínicas de presentación el absceso intraabdominal con signos de peritonitis e ictericia, cuyo diagnóstico fue confirmado mediante la ecografía. Asimismo, las lesiones de tipo A y C, según la clasificación de Strasberg, fueron las más reiteradas y el procedimiento técnico reparador más común fue el drenaje y lavado de la cavidad abdominal; 88,6 % de los pacientes egresaron vivos y 4 féminas fallecieron (11,4 %), cuya causa de muerte fue el choque séptico. Pudo concluirse que el momento del diagnóstico de estas lesiones se efectuaba tardíamente, y que a pesar de la complejidad de la reparación quirúrgica, existió baja mortalidad.

Hoy día existen muchos criterios sobre las características clinicoepidemiológicas y quirúrgicas de las neoplasias primarias del segmento hepatobiliopancreático, lo cual constituye un verdadero problema científico, por las tasas elevadas de letalidad y mortalidad, por cuanto resulta de gran importancia identificar los factores pronósticos de complicaciones y decesos, inherentes a esta entidad clínica, a fin de elaborar un protocolo de actuación y buenas prácticas. Todo ello justifica la necesidad de profundizar en los principales aspectos cognoscitivos relacionados con este tema, puesto que solo contando con equipos de trabajo altamente especializados, podrá elevarse la calidad asistencial y, por tanto, el índice de supervivencia de quienes presenten esa lamentable enfermedad.

A infecção pelo herpesvírus equino (EHV) e o vírus da arterite equina (EAV) tem sido associada a perdas econômicas importantes para a equideocultura em nível mundial. Estudos sorológicos têm demonstrado a circulação destes agentes no Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a ocorrência de anticorpos específicos contra o EAV e EHV em cavalos oriundos de diferentes regiões do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para este propósito, foram coletadas amostras de soro de 581 animais não vacinados e de 44 éguas provenientes de um plantel vacinado regularmente contra a rinopneunonite equina. Todas as amostras foram submetidas ao teste de soroneutralização para a pesquisa de anticorpos específicos contra cada um dos vírus. Os resultados demonstraram 29,6% (172/581) de animais soropositivos para o EHV (títulos entre 2 e ? 256) e 0,79% (05/630) para o EAV (títulos entre 2 e 4.096). Considerando a sorologia positiva em animais não imunizados, os achados demonstram a indução de anticorpos específicos após exposição natural aos respectivos vírus, indicando uma possível circulação desses agentes nos rebanhos analisados. Palavras-chave: anticorpos; EAV; EHV; equinos; soroneutralização.

ANTECEDENTES El modafinilo es un fármaco desarrollado para el tratamiento del letargo extremo. A pesar de estar probada su efectividad en la intervención de los trastornos del sueño, todavía existe la controversia sobre si puede mejorar el desempeño del sujeto en procesos cognitivos superiores, como la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas. MÉTODOS Este ensayo clínico aleatorizado, de diseño crossover, doble ciego, controlado por placebo; fue diseñado para evaluar el efecto del modafinilo comparado con un placebo, en las funciones cognitivas de estudiantes universitarios sanos. Se reclutaron 162 voluntarios, asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de consumo de modafinilo o a un grupo de consumo de placebo. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados usando el Test Stroop, el Test Biber de Estimación Cognitiva y el Digit Span Test (test de amplitud de memoria de dígitos). Luego de 15 días, fueron asignados a la otra intervención RESULTADOS Se encontró una diferencia significativa en favor del modafinilo comparado con el placebo en la proporción de respuestas correctas del Test de Stroop en la situación congruente. También se encontró una menor latencia de respuesta entre los sujetos que consumieron modafinilo en la situación incongruente de ese mismo test. No se encontraron diferencias en el Digit Span o el Test Biber de Estimación Cognitiva. CONCLUSIONES Este estudio demuestra que el modafinilo no mejora el desempeño cognitivo global de estudiantes sanos sin deprivación de sueño, excepto en lo que respecta a tareas que no son demandantes. En particular, este fármaco no parece tener efectos positivos en los procesos mentales que sustentan actividades de estudio en la población universitaria bajo condiciones normales. Se espera que estos hallazgos desmitifiquen el uso de este neuroestimulante y contribuya a la toma de decisiones sobre políticas farmacológicas públicas.

Esse artigo destaca a condição do programa de espetáculo como uma fonte para os estudos da relação entre teatro e sociedade. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas algumas ênfases (didascálica, histórica, estética e genética) na constituição da redação do projeto editorial dos programas de teatro.

Paratuberculosis is an important enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The disease is officially considered exotic in Brazil, but recent serological surveys and the isolation of the agent suggest it may occur in our herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different formulations of Herrold's egg yolk agar with mycobactin J (HEYM) and four faecal culture protocols considering their ability for Map growth as well as cost and ease of application. Three formulations of HEYM were inoculated with two suspensions of Map. Spiked faeces and naturally contaminated faecal samples were treated by the four faecal culture protocols. Centrifugation protocol and HEYM recommended by OIE showed the best results on the recovery of Map.A paratuberculose é uma importante enterite de ruminantes causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). A enfermidade é oficialmente considerada exótica no Brasil, mas inquéritos sorológicos recentes e o isolamento do agente etiológico sugerem que ela pode estar presente em nossos rebanhos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar três diferentes fórmulas do Ágar gema de ovo de Herrold suplementado com micobactina J (HEYM) e quatro protocolos de cultura fecal quanto ao crescimento de Map, bem como custo e facilidade de implementação. Três fórmulas de HEYM foram inoculadas com duas suspensões de Map. Fezes contaminadas artificialmente e naturalmente com Map foram tratadas pelos quatro protocolos de cultura fecal. O protocolo da centrifugação e a fórmula de HEYM recomendada pela OIE demonstraram os melhores resultados quanto à recuperação de Map.

This work investigated the influence of the aggregate's aspect ratio on the fracture behavior of a low cement aluminum silicate refractory castable treated at two different temperatures (110 °C and 1000 °C). The aggregates were cylindrical pellets with an aspect ratio of 1, 2, 3 and 4, produced by extruding a mixture of clay and calcined alumina fired at 1600 °C for 4 h to yield mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2). The behavior of the R-Curve and other relevant fracture parameters were evaluated based on the "Two Parameter Fracture Model" in a three-point flexure test of single-edge straight through notched specimens. The two temperature treatments produced different degrees of matrix-aggregate adhesion. The larger aspect ratio aggregates were found to promote toughening only in the dried condition, at 110 °C, while the specimens fired at 1000 °C for 4 h, regardless of their aggregate aspect ratio, displayed no significant toughening. The best results for fired samples, however, were obtained from specimens containing conventional angular aggregates.

O programa de teatro é um documento que permite acessar diferentes elementos da cultura e da prática teatral, da sua concepção estética às componentes sociais e econômicas. Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a forma como distintos momentos históricos e tendências criativas influem na elaboração de um programa de teatro. Trata-se de apresentar algumas linhas de abordagem e procedimentos metodológicos para o estudo desse tipo de publicação e analisar um caso específico referente ao programa da peça A megera domada encenada pelo Teatro de Comédia do Paraná em 1964. palavras-chave: programa de teatro; imprensa teatral; história do teatro.

AimsMethadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is widely available in China; but, high rates of illicit opiate use and dropout are problematic. The aim of this study was to test whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in conjunction with MMT can improve treatment retention and reduce opiate use.MethodA total of 240 opiate-dependent patients in community-based MMT clinics were randomly assigned to either weekly CBT plus standard MMT (CBT group, n=120) or standard MMT (control group, n=120) for 26 weeks. The primary outcomes were treatment retention and opiate-negative urine test results at 12 weeks and 26 weeks. The secondary outcomes were composite scores on the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and total scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at 12 weeks and 26 weeks.ResultsCompared to the control group in standard MMT, the CBT group had higher proportion of opiate-negative urine tests at both 12 weeks (59% vs. 69%, pConclusionsCBT counselling is effective in reducing opiate use and improving employment function and in decreasing stress level for opiate-dependent patients in MMT in China.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01144390.

Noticias y verdad no son la misma cosa y hay que saber diferenciarlas bien. El mundo es visto con lentes subjetivos. Por eso es necesario que los periodistas hagan tomar conciencia a la gente del carácter inseguro de la verdad sobre la cual se fundan la opiniones. En la medida en que las instituciones no logren funcionar, el periodista sin escrúpulos puede pescar a río revuelto y el periodista consciente ha de aventurarse con incertidumbres.

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence and severity of pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in horses seropositive or not to leptospirosis. A total of 84 training horses were tested for anti-Leptospira antibodies and submitted to endoscopy of the upper airways 30-60 minutes after exercise. Forty-nine (46.4%) horses were seropositive (titer>100) to serovar Copenhageni. Seventeen horses (20.2%) presented PH in different grades, significantly more commonly observed in seropositives (34.7%) than seronegatives (8.6%) (p

The purpose of this study was to analyze the usefulness of PCR for the detection of leptospiral carriers in sheep under tropical field conditions. Two flocks, previously reported as seroreactive (A) and seronegative (B), were selected for this study. From those, the totality of animals of each flock, urine and vaginal fluid (VF)/semen were collected for bacteriological culture and PCR, as well as serum samples for serology. Serology confirmed the previous status of the two flocks. Culture was negative for all the samples. In PCR, animals of Flock A presented 26.7% (VF), 33.3% (semen) and 38.9% (urine) of positivity. Flock B presented 40.0% (VF), 33.3% (semen) and 5.6% (urine) of positivity by PCR. In conclusion, PCR was important to identify carriers of leptospires, including animals from a seronegative flock, what reinforces the advantages of the usage of this tool for the detection of carriers in sheep as part of control programs of leptospirosis under tropical field conditions.

Proposed is a method to investigate degradation of lignocelluloses by pure cultures of basidiomycetes using preserving jars with vermiculite as reservoir for water and nutrients. Bamboo samples of Gigantochloa atroviolacea and Phyllostachys pubescens and wood samples of Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris were inoculated with the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana and the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune. The fungi were cultured on vermiculite containing different amounts of tap water or malt extract solution. Mass loss of the bamboos after 32 weeks was low and did not show a remarkable influence of moisture content and nutrient addition. However, considerable degradation of Pinus sylvestris sapwood occurred by C. puteana whereby moisture and nutrients influenced aggressiveness.

Foram testadas 120 amostras séricas de cães com títulos (³100) perante Leptospira spp. serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae para a determinação da atividade sérica de alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e dos níveis séricos de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, proteína total, albumina, globulinas e bilirrubinas total, direta e indireta. Um grupo de 34 animais sem qualquer sintomatologia clínica e idade semelhante ao grupo testado foi utilizado como controle, tendo sido submetido às mesmas dosagens bioquímicas. Os animais com títulos ³200 apresentaram dosagens de FA e bilirubina direta superiores ao grupo controle e também aos animais com títulos menores que 200 (POne hundred and twenty serum samples obtained from dogs with specific titres (³100) against Leptospira spp. serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae were tested in order to determine the enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamaglutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as of the total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulins and total, direct and indirect bilirubins serum concentrations. Thirty four animals free from clinical signs with the same age of the tested group were used as control group and submitted to the same biochemical tests. The animals with titres ³200 showed increased ALP activity and greater direct bilirubin concentration when compared to the control group and also to the group of dogs with titres

Renal impairment is frequent in patients with multiple myeloma and is correlated with an inferior prognosis. This analysis evaluates the prognostic role of renal impairment in patients with myeloma treated with bortezomib before and after autologous stem cell transplantation within a prospective randomized phase III trial. Eight hundred and twenty-seven newly diagnosed myeloma patients in the HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial were randomized to receive three cycles of vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone (VAD) or bortezomib, adriamycin, dexamethasone (PAD) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation and maintenance with thalidomide 50 mg daily (VAD-arm) or bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (PAD-arm). Baseline serum creatinine was less than 2 mg/dL (Durie-Salmon-stage A) in 746 patients and 2 mg/dL or higher (stage B) in 81. In myeloma patients with a baseline creatinine ≥2 mg/dL the renal response rate was 63% in the VAD-arm and 81% in the PAD-arm (P=0.31). The overall myeloma response rate was 64% in the VAD-arm versus 89% in the PAD-arm with 13% complete responses in the VAD-arm versus 36% in the PAD-arm (P=0.01). Overall survival at 3 years for patients with a baseline creatinine ≥2 mg/dL was 34% in the VAD-arm versus 74% in the PAD-arm (P

Maintaining levels of calcium in the cytosol is important for many cellular events, including cell migration, where localized regions of high calcium are required to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, contractility, and adhesion. Studies show inositol-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), which release calcium into the cytosol, are important regulators of cell migration. Similarly, proteins that return calcium to secretory stores are likely to be important for cell migration. The secretory protein calcium ATPase (SPCA) is a Golgi-localized protein that transports calcium from the cytosol into secretory stores. SPCA has established roles in protein processing, metal homeostasis, and inositol-trisphosphate signaling. Defects in the human SPCA1/ATP2C1 gene cause Hailey-Hailey disease (MIM# 169600), a genodermatosis characterized by cutaneous blisters and fissures as well as keratinocyte cell adhesion defects. We have determined that PMR-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of SPCA1, plays an essential role in embryogenesis. Pmr-1 strains isolated from genetic screens show terminal phenotypes, such as ventral and anterior enclosure failures, body morphogenesis defects, and an unattached pharynx, which are caused by earlier defects during gastrulation. In Pmr-1 embryos, migration rates are significantly reduced for cells moving along the embryo surface, such as ventral neuroblasts, C-derived, and anterior-most blastomeres. Gene interaction experiments show changing the activity of itr-1/IP3R and unc-68/RyR modulates levels of embryonic lethality in Pmr-1 strains, indicating pmr-1 acts with these calcium channels to regulate cell migration. This analysis reveals novel genes involved in C. elegans cell migration, as well as a new role in cell migration for the highly conserved SPCA gene family.

The hemorrhagic syndrome of leptospirosis was studied in guinea pigs. The study correlates hematological, histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in sixty animals inoculated by the intraperitoneal route with lml of the culture of virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. Leptospirae antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase, chiefly in liver, kidney and heart muscle capillaries. Possible pathogenic mechanisms responsible for hemorrhagic syndrome are discussed with emphasis on toxic and anoxic attacks causing damage to endothelia, platelet depletion and alterations to hemostasia rates: prothrombin time [FT], partial thromboplastin time [PIT] and fibrinogen concentrations. Tide clinical-laboratoiy picture is compatible with the histopathological observation of disseminated intravascular coagulation [D1C] in most of the guinea pigs from day 4 of infection.Os autores estudam a síndrome hemorrágica da leptospirose em cobaios inoculados com amostra virulenta de Leptospira interrogans sorovar copenhageni. São abordados aspectos hematológicos, hístopatolôgicos e imuno- histoquímicos. Aumento do tempo de protrombina (PT) e do tempo parcial tromboplastina (PTT), bem como redução do número de plaquetas e do fibrinogênio acompanharam-se de congestão vascular, hemorragias e coagulação intravascular no fígado, rim, coração, músculo esquelético e pulmão. O antígetzo de Leptospira foi detectado principalmente em tecido hepático, renal e cardíaco. São discutidos possíveis mecanismos patogênicos responsáveis pela síndrome hemorrágica, com ênfase na agressão tóxico- anóxica do endotêlio vascular, que propiciaria a instalação de coagulação intravascular disseminada (CIVD) observada, sobretudo, nos cobaios dos grupos 4, 5 e 6.

A Paratuberculose, uma doença causada pelo Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), é caracterizada por uma enterite crônica granulomatosa. Visamos registrar a anatomopatologia de três casos de paratuberculose em bovinos leiteiros autóctones oriundos de Resende-RJ. Esses animais apresentavam sinais clínicos de paratuberculose e, após teste de ELISA positivo, foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Amostras de intestino, linfonodos mesentéricos e válvula ileocecal foram colhidas, fixadas em formol neutro tamponado a 10%, processadas e coradas pelo HE (hematoxilina-eosina) e ZN (Ziehl-Neelsen). Alterações macroscópicas, como espessamento da parede do intestino delgado, mucosas congestas e corrugadas, foram observadas. A linfadenomegalia e linfangectasia também foram evidentes, assim como a congestão e edemaciação das válvulas ileocecais. Os principais achados histopatológicos foram enterite, linfangite e linfadenite granulomatosas. As lesões intestinais se resumiam à mucosa e submucosa, principalmente do jejuno e do íleo e caracterizavam-se por infiltrado inflamatório de linfócitos, eosinófilos e macrófagos epitelióides. A coloração de ZN demonstrou bacilos álcool ácido resistentes (BAAR) nos macrófagos, no ápice das vilosidades e lâmina própria e, ainda, no parênquima dos linfonodos mesentéricos. A anatomopatologia foi característica e considerada uma valiosa ferramenta no diagnóstico da paratuberculose. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: anatomopatológico; bovino; Map; paratuberculose

Unlike some organs, the heart is unable to repair itself after injury. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) grow and divide indefinitely while maintaining the potential to develop into many tissues of the body. As such, they provide an unprecedented opportunity to treat human diseases characterized by tissue loss. We have identified early myocardial precursors derived from hESCs (hMPs) using an α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC)-GFP reporter line. We have demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) that reporter activation is restricted to hESC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiated in vitro, and that hMPs give rise exclusively to muscle in an in vivo teratoma formation assay. We also demonstrate that the reporter does not interfere with hESC genomic stability. Importantly, we show that hMPs give rise to atrial, ventricular and specialized conduction CM subtypes by qPCR and microelectrode array analysis. Expression profiling of hMPs over the course of differentiation implicate Wnt and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways in CM development. The identification of hMPs using this αMHC-GFP reporter line will provide important insight into the pathways regulating human myocardial development, and may provide a novel therapeutic reagent for the treatment of cardiac disease.

A paratuberculose (PTB) é uma enterite crônica determinada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) que afeta ruminantes. Necropsiaram-se três animais mestiços com PTB clínica, para coleta de amostras de tecidos coletadas, as quais foram processadas para histopatologia e para cultura bacteriológica. Classificaram-se as lesões intestinais em três níveis de severidade (leve, moderada e severa) por exame macroscópico. Procedeu-se ao exame visual, à microscopia e à cultura dos tecidos, comparando-se os resultados entre si. A sensibilidade média da cultura foi de 66,6%. Isolou-se Map a partir de 42,8% das lesões intestinais leves; 55,5% das lesões moderadas e 100% das lesões severas. Os resultados indicam uma correlação significativa entre a variação de severidade das lesões e o isolamento de Map. ALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bovinos, doença de Johne, Map, paratuberculose, patologia.

A detecção de animais infectados é um dos mais importantes fatores envolvidos no controle da tuberculose e, com algumas variações, é realizado através de testes intradérmicos de tuberculinização. No entanto, animais negativos aos testes intradérmicos podem estar infectados e representam uma importante ameaça aos programas de erradicação da tuberculose. Apesar deste conhecido fenômeno, o uso de ELISA não é rotina nestes programas. Nosso objetivo foi o de descrever experiências do uso a campo de ELISA na detecção de animais anérgicos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Dentre 18 rebanhos envolvidos em um programa de controle da tuberculose, dois apresentaram animais infectados negativos aos testes intradérmicos, o que atrasou e comprometeu o sucesso do programa, com severas perdas econômicas. A infecção nestes animais foi identificada através de ELISA e confirmada pelo isolamento de M.bovis nas lesões pulmonares. Desta forma foram considerados como a mais provável fonte de infecção e responsáveis pela manutenção da enfermidade nos rebanhos. Sem o uso de testes sorológicos como ELISA estes animais provavelmente permaneceriam nos rebanhos perpetuando a infecção e a erradicação da enfermidade seria impossível. Em conclusão, sugere-se o uso de ELISA como uma valiosa ferramenta complementar para identificar animais anérgicos que possam atuar como reservatórios do agente nos rebanhos.

De fevereiro de 1993 a outubro de 1996, 547 amostras sangüíneas foram colhidas de éguas com problemas reprodutivos de seis propriedades no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e testadas pela técnica da soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT) com antígenos vivos para anticorpos perante sete sorotipos de leptospiras. Um total de 235 reações positivas (42,96%) a um título mínimo de 100 foram observadas perante um ou mais sorotipos de leptospira, o que, em comparação com outros estudos já realizados no Brasil, pode ser considerado uma alta prevalência. Em éguas com anticorpos antileptospiras, o sorotipo predominante foi icterohaemorrhagiae, reativo em 102 (43,40%) amostras, seguido de 64 (27,23%) reações positivas para bratislava e 34 (14,47%) perante pomona.