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In this article, the HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts modified with zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate are prepared by impregnation method. The FCC gasoline (<75°C fraction) is observed and studied on the modified HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts. The results are that the Zx-HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts have a high initial aromatic yield but a rapid deactivation. The Cy-HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts have a lower aromatic yield and a familiar deactivation comparing to Zx-HZSM-5. The HZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts modified with bimetal zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate have a rather low initial aromatic yield but a long catalyst life; among them, the C3.5Z2.0HZSM-5 has the best performance. And also, the C3.5Z2.0HZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst has demonstrated good regenerated performance. After regenerated three times, the catalyst still has a good stability. The reaction operational conditions are also observed and studied. The results are that the optimal reaction temperature is 450–490°C, the liquid hours space velocity (LHSV) is 1 h-1 and the reaction pressure is 0.1 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new milbemycin derivatives, milbemycin M (1) and milbemycin N (2), were isolated from the culture of a genetically engineered strain Streptomyces bingchenggensis BCJ60. Their structures were elucidated through the interpretation of NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data, as well as comparison with previous reports. The acaricidal and nematicidal activities of them against Tetranychus cinnabarinus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were tested. The results showed that compounds 1–2 possessed potent acaricidal and nematocidal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a mitochondria-targeted near-infrared probe (NRh-O) for frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) imaging of hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, NRh-O rapidly responds to release the FUCL product NRh (λex/em = 850/825 nm) with high sensitivity and selectivity in mitochondria. This highlights the potential application of a hypoxia-responsive probe in early clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-stoichiometric transition metal chalcogenides often have unexpectedly good semiconducting properties. In this paper, we focus on the seeking of potential semiconducting material in the ReSe system. The global and unbiased crystal structure searches were systematically conducted on ReSe material, using the advanced crystal structure prediction algorithms combined with the density functional theory. Three novel structures of ReSe were discovered within different pressures regions. The phase diagram of ReSe material was then constructed at pressure up to 200 GPa and temperature up to 2500 K, based on the quasi-harmonic approximation. We found ReSe possesses the trigonal P 3 ¯ m 1 symmetric structure at ambient pressure. Under further compression, it transits to the orthorhombic Pmmn structure at 87 GPa and then to the cubic P m 3 ¯ m structure at 129 GPa. The three new structures are all mechanically and thermodynamically stable within corresponding pressures regions. The low-pressure P 3 ¯ m 1 -ReSe manifests good semiconducting properties with the band gap of 0.162 eV, while the two high-pressure allotropes have metallic characteristics. The mechanical properties analyses suggest that special attention should be paid on the brittleness of the P 3 ¯ m 1 -ReSe structure, when it is used at high-stress conditions. This study sheds considerable light on the new structures and properties of the non-stoichiometric transition metal chalcogenides ReSe for future synthesis and further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two undescribed milbemycin derivatives, milbemycin P (1) and milbemycin Q (2), were isolated from a culture of the genetically engineered strain Streptomyces bingchenggensis BCJ60. Their structures were elucidated through the interpretation of NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data, as well as comparison with previous reports. Their acaricidal and nematocidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were tested. The results showed that compounds 1–2 possessed potent acaricidal and nematocidal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of utilizing machine vision for the detection of casting surface defects is characterized by small targets, real-time performance, and ease of mobility. The direct application of current mainstream object detection networks for defect detection presents issues of low accuracy and efficiency. Consequently, in this paper, we introduce Casting-DETR, an end-to-end network designed for casting surface defect detection. To assess and validate the model’s performance, 554 images of casting samples with surface defects were employed. Casting-DETR achieved an impressive detection rate of 98.97% on the test set, with a single image detection time of 91.5ms. Furthermore, a real-time detection system, built using PyQT6, was tested in four different environments. Casting-DETR exhibited exceptional performance, maintaining a single-frame detection time of approximately 90 ms, demonstrating the model’s high robustness and suitability for real-time detection. The Casting-DETR network proposed in this paper is an end-to-end solution with rapid convergence, superior detection accuracy, and swift detection speeds, offering a fresh perspective for similar detection tasks within the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The design and challenges of frequency upconversion luminescence dyes are discussed. Frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) is a specific anti-Stokes process whereby excitation of long wavelengths with low energy can be converted to emission of short wavelengths with high energy, which has attracted increasing attention in biological applications due to its superior features, such as low autofluorescence and excellent signal-to-noise ratios. In this review, we introduce the differences between traditional fluorescence and FUCL, summarize the composition, molecular design and characteristics of FUCL materials and conduct a survey of recent advances in FUCL systems, focusing on their broad applications in the fields of bioimaging, biodetection and cancer therapy. In addition, we further present the current challenges and perspectives with the expectation of making new breakthroughs in FUCL materials in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loesses are widely distributed all over the world, especially in China. Meanwhile, long-term agricultural irrigation and extreme climate changes have led to frequent geological disasters in the Heifangtai area of Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Of these, landslides are one of the most frequent types of disasters that are harmful to humans and the environment. A landslide is closely related to the lithology, structure, and groundwater of the site and consists of a combination of structure units divided by discontinuities, such as faults, joints, and fissures. Therefore, geological surveys, engineering drilling, and trenching are typically used to identify the stratum lithology, structure, and groundwater in order to visually display underground information within a limited depth range. However, these methods have disadvantages. In particular, geological surveys can only describe geological phenomena on the surface, while the cost of drilling and trenching may be high, along with the inefficiency of exploration. In this research, the integrated geophysical exploration method was used to analyze the hidden joints, cracks, and other discontinuities and geophysical features of the discontinuities. The results were verified by trench exploration, and large amounts of underground information were obtained, especially the spread and distribution of discontinuities in landslide areas. Such information can be effectively used for carrying out and providing meaningful experiences and lessons in future comprehensive geophysical processing and interpretations related to the prediction and evaluation of landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiZnPS 4 is thought to be a promising mid-infrared optical crystal and lithium battery material, but its fundamental properties are still not well investigated. In this work, we performed a systematic study on its electronic, elastic, infrared and electrical properties. The results indicate that LiZnPS 4 is an indirect band gap crystal. Calculated partial density of states reveals that the top of its valence band is formed by the S 3p orbital while the component of the bottom of the conduction band is complex. The Zn 4p orbital is not empty in LiZnPS 4 owing to the tetrahedral coordination of the Zn atoms. Calculated elastic properties indicate that LiZnPS 4 is a mechanically stable crystal with elastic anisotropy. It has a relatively low Debye temperature of 294.8 K. Its infrared absorption spectrum was simulated and the origins of the strong peaks in it were revealed. Vibrational modes at the Brillouin zone center were illustrated and Born effective charges were calculated and discussed. Computed dielectric constants uncover that electrons contribute more to the total dielectric constants than ions. Studies imply that LiZnPS 4 –Li+ battery has a high theoretical voltage, a low electric capacity and a slightly high activation barrier. • Zn 4p orbital is found to be partly occupied for the special bonding pattern. • Infrared absorption spectrum is simulated and the related properties are studied. • Electrical properties of LiZnPS 4 are studied for possible use in lithium battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method for real-time monitoring of the oxidative response of a membrane–channel biomimetic system (MCBS) to free radicals is developed and the deduction of the buffering effect of MCBS is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An algorithm is proposed to enhance the resolution of digital holography by retrieving the frequency components lost in common holograms. A pinhole is placed directly behind the specimen to record the hologram, and an iterative scheme commonly used in coherent diffraction imaging is adopted for the reconstruction. Since some of the frequency components lost in common digital holography can be properly retrieved, the resolution of the reconstructed image is remarkably improved. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur batteries are considered as the next generation of energy storage systems because of their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. Unfortunately, the sluggish reaction kinetics, weak adsorption toward to lithium polysulfides, and slow lithium ion diffusion impede the smooth electrochemical process, resulting in the lithium–sulfur batteries with the unsatisfactory cycling stability and rate performance. Since it is recognized that polar metal oxides and doped nitrogen in carbon materials have chemical interaction with lithium polysulfides, a nanostructured nitrogen-doped porous carbon/MoO2 composite is synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method by using graphene oxide nanoribbon and phosphomolybdic acid hydrate as precursors. The porous nanostructure promotes the charge and mass transport, while MoO2 nanoparticles immobilize lithium polysulfides via strong chemisorption and enhance the redox kinetics of polysulfides owing to the efficient catalytic activity in liquid–solid boundary. Consequently, the as-obtained nanostructured porous carbon/MoO2-based sulfur cathode exhibits low polarization, high initial discharge capacity (1403 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), good rate capabilities (584 mAh g−1 at 4 C), and impressive cycling performance at 1 C (503 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with capacity fade rate of 0.07% per cycle). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The crosstalk between trophoblast cells and decidual NK cells plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy. Recent studies reported that autophagy can induce immune tolerance at the maternal fetal interface, while the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Autophagy levels in the villi of normal and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients were detected by transmission electron microscopy. After co-cultured with trophoblast cells pretreated with 3-MA or rapamycin, NK cells were collected and the expression of killer receptors was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The invasiveness of trophoblasts was tested by Cell invasion assay. Results: Compared with elective pregnancy termination patients, the level of autophagy in the villi of RSA patients was significantly decreased. Inducing the autophagy level in trophoblast cells with rapamycin could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells in the co-culture system, and supplement of IGF-2 could rectify this effect. Meanwhile, autophagy suppression of trophoblasts reduced the level of Paternally Expressed Gene 10 (PEG10), leading to the impairment of trophoblast cell invasion. In addition, NK cells educated by autophagy-inhibited trophoblasts further decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of trophoblasts. In pregnant mice model, injection with 3-MA promoted the cytotoxicity of uterine NK cells, and increased the embryo absorption rate. Conclusion: Autophagy suppression of trophoblasts increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells and damage the trophoblasts invasion possibly by targeting IGF-2 and PEG10, respectively, which ultimately leads to miscarriage. Video Abstarct [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Silk sericin, a biomacromolecule, is recovered from silk processing-waste. • Silk sericin is used as an additive in cell culture, cosmetic and health food. • Oral sericin evidently enhanced antioxidation and anti-inflammation. • Sericin improves blood glucose levels & insulin resistance via PI3K/P-AKT/AMPK pathways. • Sericin protein is a potentially functional additive for hypoglycaemic food. The sericin protein from silk-processing waste added to the normal diet at 0.8% (g%) level was administered orally to type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice to investigate its hypoglycaemic effects and mechanism. The oral protein is in the form of silk sericin hydrolysate, obtained from a boiling treatment of 0.025% calcium hydroxide solution. The protein significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and glycosylated serum protein levels; improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, and enhanced antioxidative activities. The protein could ameliorate the pathological damage in pancreatic β-cells and the liver tissue. It enhanced the expression of key proteins and enzymes, including insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, PI3K, phosphorylated-AKT, hepatic kinase, GLUT4, glycogen synthase, GSK3β, GLK, PFK1, PKM2, and AMPKα, which are related to insulin metabolism and glycolysis. The protein also reduced the expression of G6Pase, PCK, and ACC, which are related to gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in the liver, and decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, P65, and IKKβ related to inflammation. In general, sericin could maintain normal glucose levels and regulate insulin secretion, insulin and lipid metabolism, and inhibition of inflammation. Therefore, sericin protein could be developed into a novel functional health food with significantly hypoglycaemic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) may be a potential strategy for traumatic brain injury treatment (TBI) due to their intrinsic advantages, such as cell replacement, secretion of neurotrophins and formation of functional synapses with host. However the underlying effects of transplanted NSCs on host micro-environment still need to be further elucidated. In this manuscript the effects of NSCs on release of neurotransmitter, survival of hippocampal neurons, reactivity of astrocytes and recovery of cognitive function after TBI were observed. The NSCs were isolated from cortex of neonatal Sprague–Dawley rat and then transplanted into injured brain regions caused by free-weight drop. The proliferation of astrocytes around injured sites were examined by GFAP immunofluorescent staining on 3, 7, 14 days after injury. The survival of neurons at CA1 regions of hippocampus toward contused regions was observed by HE staining on 3 and 14 days post-injury. The content of glutamic acid (Glu) and GABA in hippocampal tissues was examined on 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after injury by ELISA. On third day post-injury, hippocampal-dependent spatial memory was measured for 5 days without intermittent. NSCs in culture have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into different phenotypes of neural cells. After transplantation of NSCs, the proliferation of astrocytes around injured site was significantly inhibited compared to the injured group. At the same time the survival of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were much more than those in injured group on 14 days post-injury. Meanwhile, the cognitive functions in NSC transplanted group was remarkably improved compared with injured group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NSCs transplantation dramatically inhibited the release of Glu and maintained the content of GABA in injured hippocampal tissues on 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days post-injury, which was of difference in statistics (p < 0.05). NSCs transplantation can effectively alleviate the formation of glial scar, enhance the survival of hippocampal neurons and improve cognitive function defects in rats with TBI. The underlying mechanism may be related to their effects on inhibiting the release of Glu and maintaining the content of GABA, so as to down-regulate excitotoxicity of neurotransmitter and improve the micro-environment in injured sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KBaBi is predicted to be a topological insulator recently, but most fundamental properties of it have not been studied. In this work, first-principles calculations were carried out to study its electronic, bonding, elastic, vibrational and dielectric properties. The results indicate that KBaBi has a band gap of 0.22 eV with the presence of spin orbital coupling. Weak p-d hybridization exists between the Ba 5d and the Bi 6p orbitals, so KBaBi has some covalent property, as revealed by the electron density difference. Studies imply that KBaBi is mechanically and dynamically stable, but it is mechanically anisotropic. KBaBi has a theoretical bulk modulus of 20.8 GPa and a shear modulus of 11.7 GPa. Group theory analysis indicates that there are six infrared- and four Raman-active modes at the Brillouin zone center of KBaBi. The vibrational frequencies and the corresponding eigenvectors were calculated and discussed. Calculation unveils that the electrons have more dielectric contribution to the total dielectric constants than the ions in the ab plane, but it is revised along the c axis. Investigations of the band structure, the Debye temperature and the phonon dispersion curves indicate that KBaBi is a promising thermalelectric material. Calculations indicate that KBaBi is metallic without SOC, but is an insulator with SOC. Theoretical studies reveal that KBaBi is mechanically and dynamically stable, Ba 5d orbital plays an important role in forming the crystal and KBaBi may be a promising thermalelectric material. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To disclose an effect of ceramic particle size on dielectric properties of BaTiO3/ poly(vinylidene fluoride) (BT/PVDF) composites at low frequency, the dielectric properties of the BT/PVDF composites loaded with different diameter BT particles at the same volume concentration were studied at wide frequency ranges from 10-1 to 107 Hz. A significant low-frequency dielectric permittivity increase in the BT/PVDF nanocomposite was noticed, which was not reported previously. The authors considered that the marked aggrandizement of interface and dipole polarization at low frequency is charged with the significant increase in dielectric permittivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A tubular tetragonal carbon with mechanical and dynamical stability is predicted. • It is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a gap of 1.54 eV. • Four infrared-active modes in its Brillouin zone center are presented. • Tensile/shear strength is 79.6/50.2 GPa along the a axis/in the (1 0 0)[0 1 0] system. A tubular carbon allotrope was predicted and its electronic, mechanical and vibrational properties were studied by density functional method. The results indicate that: it is an indirect band gap semiconductor with mechanical and dynamical stability. Its infrared mode with the frequency of 1050.4 cm−1 is very weak and the reason is revealed. It is a ductile material with a bulk modulus of 269.1 GPa and a shear modulus of 131.2 GPa. Its [1 0 0] crystal direction has a maximum tensile strength of 79.6 GPa and (1 0 0)[0 1 0] slip system has a maximum shear strength of 50.2 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, enhanced organic−inorganic heterojunction of polypyrrole@Bi 2 WO 6 was fabricated and applied for sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Specifically, heterostructured polypyrrole@Bi 2 WO 6 photoelectrode was prepared and sandwich immunorecognition were integrated for the CK-MB immunoassay. In the detection, with the aid of alkaline phosphate (ALP)-induced biocatalytic precipitation (BCP), the precipitation-dependent suppression of the photocurrent can be recorded due to the impediment of the interfacial mass and electron transfer. On the basis of target-controlled BCP formation, a novel PEC immunoassay could be developed for the sensitive and specific CK-MB detection. This work manifested the great potential of polypyrrole@Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunction as a novel platform for PEC bioanalysis development and also a PEC method for CK-MB detection. This work is expected to stimulate more interest in the design and implementation of numerous other organic−inorganic heterojunction for advanced PEC bioanalysis development. • Organic−inorganic heterojunction of polypyrrole@Bi 2 WO 6 was fabricated. • Sandwich immunorecognition was directed on the heterojunction electrode. • Photoelectrochemical immunoassay of creatine kinase-MB was realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rescaled temperature dependence of dielectric behavior of ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filled with electroactive ceramic particles of rocksalt-type Li and Ti codoped NiO (LTNO) was studied at wide frequency ranges. Dielectric behavior of the flexible PVDF-LTNO composites with LTNO filler at the volumetric function of 0.3 exhibits a dielectric constant value, [variant_greek_epsilon]≈50 at broad temperature range (290–360 K), and the value is frequency independent from 103 to 106 Hz. The dielectric response of the composite is almost in accordance to that of pure PVDF matrix polymer. It was found that though the dielectric constant value of the composites is high due to an introduction of the rock salt-type LTNO ceramic particles with high dielectric constant, the glass transition of the polymer and dielectric relaxation related to the wide-angle oscillation of polar groups attached to the main polymer chain determine the dielectric behavior of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-cell analysis (SCA) could provide in-depth understanding of cell biology yet is of great challenge. Many attempts have been made to develop novel techniques for SCA. Nanopipette-based ion current rectification (ICR) electroanalysis represents an emerging methodology to combat in this arena. In this review, the working rationale of ICR and its key regulation factors are discussed, followed by the sensing strategies established for SCA using illustrative examples. Future perspectives in this field are also proposed. • Ion current rectification (ICR)-nanopipette technique for single-cell analysis (SCA) is reviewed. • The fundamentals, operation rationales, and the state of the art are discussed. • Trends and prospects of this field are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We have studied the electronic structures of arsenene nanoribbons with different edge passivations by employing first-principle calculations. Furthermore, the effects of the defect in different positions on the transport properties of arsenene nanoribbons are also investigated. We find that the band structures of arsenene nanoribbons are sensitive to the edge passivation. The current-voltage characteristics of unpassivated and O-passivated zigzag arsenene nanoribbons exhibit a negative differential resistance behavior, while such a peculiar phenomenon has not emerged in the unpassivated and O-passivated armchair arsenene nanoribbons. The vacant defects on both top and bottom edges in unpassivated armchair arsenene nanoribbon can make its current-voltage characteristic also present a negative differential resistance behavior. After expanding the areas of the top and bottom defects in unpassivated armchair arsenene nanoribbon, the peak-to-valley ratio of the negative differential resistance behavior can be enlarged obviously, which opens another way for the application of arsenene-based devices with a high switching ratio. Highlights • The electronic structures of arsenene nanoribbons with different edge passivations are studied. • The band structures of arsenene nanoribbons are sensitive to the edge passivation. • The unpassivated and O-passivated zigzag arsenene nanoribbons can exhibit a negative differential resistance behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract A nanostructured porous carbon (NPC) is prepared by using a facile physical activation method, with nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbon aerogel and carbon dioxide as a precursor and an activating agent, respectively. The morphology, porosity parameters, and chemical properties of the as-prepared NPC have been revealed by using various characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The NPC with a moderate nitrogen content (5.1 atom % on the basis of XPS analysis) retains the sponge-like morphology of nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbon aerogel, shows a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area (1380 m2 g−1), and possesses hierarchically porous structures. Based on its excellent properties such as high porosity, conductive network, and nitrogen-doping, NPC as a superior host is used to fabricate a sulfur-based cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. The high specific surface area and the pore volume of NPC not only allow uniform distribution of sulfur in an amorphous form, but also help to alleviate the shuttle effect of polysulfides. As a result, the as-obtained cathode exhibits a good rate capability and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Peritoneal fibrosis is a major intractable complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis, and would eventually lead to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure and the termination of peritoneal dialysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) has been reported to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and involves in peritoneal fibrosis, but the exact molecular regulation mechanism remains unknown. Methods HIF1A and VEGF protein levels were measured in 42 peritoneal patients using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Bioinformatics, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, correlation analysis, RNA interference, gene over-expression and luciferase assays were performed to clarify the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation between HIF1A and VEGF. Results Both HIF1A and VEGF levels were elevated in the peritoneal effluent of peritoneal dialysis patients with ultrafiltration problems, and were positively correlated with each other at protein level and mRNA level. Bioinformatics analysis identified 8 common targeted miRNAs for HIF1A and VEGF, including miR-17-5p, 20a, 20b, 93, 106a, 106b, 199a-5p and 203. MiR-17-5p was proved to be present in patients' peritoneal effluent and selected for further studies. HIF1A mRNA and VEGF mRNA could regulate each other, and miR-17-5p was required in the regulations. Down/up regulation of HIF1A mRNA and VEGF mRNA resulted in up/down regulation of miR-17-5p. Furthermore, down/up regulation of miR-17-5p was associated with up/down regulation of HIF1A mRNA and VEGF mRNA. Luciferase assay indicated that HIF1A and VEGF regulated each other through 3′UTR. Conclusion HIF1A and VEGF could regulate each other in peritoneal mesothelial cell in the mediation of miR-17-5p and 3′UTR, indicating HIF1A and VEGF might regulate each other through competing endogenous RNA mechanism in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of glutamate (Glu) in the synaptic cleft during cerebral ischemia triggers the death of neurons, causing mental or physical handicap. However, the mechanisms of the alteration in Glu homeostasis and the imbalance between the release and clearance of Glu in ischemia are not yet completely understood. Additionally, the role of Glu transporters in regulating Glu concentration in the synaptic cleft is controversial. This review aims to provide readers with an in-depth understanding of Glu transporters in the early or later stages of ischemic events, or in mild or severe cerebral ischemia via alteration of Glu transporter expression, reversal of Glu transporters function, and trafficking between membrane and cytoplasm, to further clarify whether the Glu transporters are neuroprotective or neurodegenerative during cerebral ischemia. We provide the insights for deeper understanding of the mechanism of Glu transporters regulation after different periods and severities of cerebral ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a fast information acquisition technique, Raman spectroscopy can be used to control the quality of dairy products. Feature extraction is a necessary processing step to improve the efficiency of Raman spectral data. Principal component analysis is a traditional method that can effectively extract the features and reduce the dimension of spectral data. However, it is difficult to analyze the chemical information of the extracted feature, thus limiting its practical application. In this work, Raman spectral chemical feature extraction was carried out. The quality control of Dingxin dairy products (a famous dairy brand in China; purchased from Heilongjiang Zhaodong Tianlong Dairy Co. Ltd., Heilongjiang, China) was used as an example. Raman peak intensity, peak area, and peak ratio were extracted as chemical features and further investigated using Euclidean distance and the quality fluctuation control chart. The potential quality discrimination ability of the Raman feature extraction methods was demonstrated. The results showed that the Puzhen dairy products (purchased from Inner Mongolia Yinuo Halal Food Co. Ltd., Inner Mongolia, China) and Xueyuan dairy products (used as a control; purchased from Inner Mongolia Wulanchabu City Jining Xueyuan Dairy Co. Ltd., Inner Mongolia, China) could be distinguished from Dingxin dairy products when the Raman chemical features special peak intensity, peak area, and peak ratio were used, and their discriminatory ability increased in sequence. Hence, it was shown that Raman chemical feature extraction can achieve quality control and discriminant analysis of dairy products and that the spectral information is clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) is an economically important gastropod in China, but is considered as an invasive species globally. Only a few studies have examined the R. venosa genome, a genomewide survey is necessary for improving our understanding of the genome structure and size of this organism. Microsatellite markers are powerful tools for characterizing germplasms, genetic diversity and kinship among individuals. The resultant data are applicable to breeding efforts in commercial aquaculture or for understanding invasion mechanisms. Here, we investigated the genome structure of R. venosa on an Illumina Hi-seq platform with ∼92× sequencing depth. We performed a K-mer analysis to estimate genome size, repeat sequences and heterozygosity. Clean reads were de novo assembled for the identification of simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci that are suitable as markers. The estimated genome size of R. venosa was 2200.07 Mb, with a 1.41% heterozygosity rate and 67.04% repeats. We detected 5,477,450 simple-sequence repeats (SSRs), with 3,400,602 loci present as pure tandem repeats and 2,076,848 as compound motifs. We further selected and characterized 28 polymorphic markers in 78 individuals from Dandong, Laizhou, Weihai and Zhoushan in China. The range of alleles was 2-28 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.2857-0.8676. The data obtained from our genomic survey will aid the design of R. venosa whole-genome sequencing projects and advance the identification of SSR markers. Both these developments are valuable for further studies on ecological, evolutionary and genetic breeding in R. venosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The electronic transport properties of a single diketopyrrolopyrrole molecule connected to different electrodes are studied. • Remarkable NDR behavior can be found in the single diketopyrrolopyrrole molecular device with ZGNR electrode. • The current values of the molecular device are sensitive to the connecting groups obviously. Abstract In present work, we have studied the electronic transport properties of a single diketopyrrolopyrrole molecule connected to the gold electrode or the zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrode via the benzene or the pyrene by performing first-principle quantum transport calculations. The results show that the conductance of the single diketopyrrolopyrrole molecular device can be modulated by changing the electrode. Remarkable negative differential resistance behavior can be found in the single diketopyrrolopyrrole molecular device with zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrode. In addition, we find that the anchoring groups play an important role in the magnitude of the device's current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common health problem that affects about 5% of fertile women, when it occurs for unknown reasons, it is called unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Traditional Chinese medicine, such as Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula which consists of Dangshen, Tusizi, Baizhu, Baishuo, Duzhong, Sangjisheng, Sugeng, and Tiaohuangqin, has played an invaluable role in the treatment of RSA since ancient times. However, the mechanism of how it takes effect is still not clear. To identify Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula could modulate immune condition at maternal-fetal interface via its effect on trophoblasts, HTR-8 of different treatment were co-cultured with peripheral or decidual natural killer (NK) cells, and the receptors such as NKP30 and NKP46 expression on NK cells were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). In this study, we found that herb medium could increase the IDO expression at appropriate concentrations. As an inhibitor of IDO, 1-MT could impair the inhibitory function of trophoblasts on NK cells. Furthermore, Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula could enhance the inhibitory function of trophoblasts on NK cells. In conclusion, Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula can inhibit NK cytotoxicity by up-regulating IDO expression in trophoblasts and play a role in the treatment of URSA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The development of NIR fluorescent probes with different structures targeting nephron-urological diseases are reviewed and discussed. • NIR fluorescence probes do revolutionary work in the early detection of kidney disorders. • NIR fluorescent probes have provided new research directions and challenges for early diagnosis of kidney diseases. Optical imaging has been widely used in basic research and clinical follow-up as an emerging in vivo imaging technology. It can provide real-time physiological and pathological information that cannot be obtained from in vitro testing. When compared to traditional imaging strategies, NIR optical imaging offers advantages such as spatiotemporal resolution and a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. This review is primarily concerned with the structure design of molecular NIR fluorescent probes and their bioimaging and diagnosis applications in typical nephron-urological diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), iatrogenic ureteral injury (IUI), kidney neoplasms, and bladder cancer (BC). Additionally, the potential development and current difficulties in this field are also presented in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis, extremely cold environment warfare has once again become the focus of international attention. People exposed to extremely cold environments may suffer from cold damage, further aggravate trauma, trigger high disability and mortality rates, and even cause serious sequelae. To declare the effects and mechanisms of the extremely cold environment on the body after trauma, this paper reviews, firstly, physiological reaction of human body in an extremely cold environment. Then, the post-traumatic body response in an extremely cold environment was introduced, and finally, the sequelae of trauma in extremely cold environment was further summarized in the paper. The results indicated that extremely cold environment can cause a series of damage to the body, especially the body after trauma. The extremely cold factor is a double-edged sword, showing a favorable and unfavorable side in different aspects. Moreover, in addition to the trauma suffered by the body, the subsequent sequelae such as cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression and even post-traumatic stress disorder may also be induced. The paper summarizes the human body's physiological response in an extremely cold environment, and declares the effects and mechanisms of the extremely cold environment on the body after trauma, which may provide a theoretical basis for effectively improving the level of combat trauma treatment in extremely cold regions. • There is a risk of war and accidents in the extremely cold environment. • The extremely cold environment aggravates the post-traumatic response. • Long-term exposure to extreme cold can cause cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Recent studies on risks assessment of heavy metal(loid) are usually based on their total concentrations. Nevertheless, such an analysis does not assess their real amounts absorbed by human body. To scientifically assess the health risks, in this study medical earthworms were analyzed for relative bioavailability (RBA) of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) using a multiple gavage mouse model with liver, kidneys, brain, and leg bones as biomarkers for the first time. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility was determined using in vitro physiologically based extraction (PBET) assay. We are the first to develop a novel accumulative health risk assessment strategy by combinational analyzing bioavailability of heavy metal(loid) levels to calculate target organ toxicity dose (TTD) modification of the HI and total cancer risk (TCR), which has capacity to evaluate the health risks of co-exposure of Pb and As in medical earthworms. As a result, As-RBA ranged from 7.2% to 45.1%, and Pb-RBA ranged from 16.1% to 49.8%. Additionally, As and Pb bioaccessibility varied from 6.7% to 48.3% and 7.8% to 52.5%, respectively. Moreover, strong in vivo-in vitro correlations (IVIVCs) were observed between metal-RBA and bioaccessibility, indicating the robustness of the in vitro PBET assay to predict metal-RBA in medical earthworms. The refined accumulative assessment strategy revealed that when adjusted by heavy metal(loid) bioavailability, the TTD modification of HI method typically exhibited an acceptable health risk caused by the co-exposure of Pb and As for cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, and renal system. The TCR levels associated with exposure to Pb and As due to the ingestion of medical earthworms were also acceptable after adjustment by bioavailability. Collectively, our innovation on accumulative risk assessment based on in vivo-in vitro correlation provides a novel approach engaging in assessing the risks due to co-exposure of As and Pb in medical earthworms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Spectroscopy is a crucial laboratory technique for understanding quantum systems through their interactions with the electromagnetic radiation. Particularly, spectroscopy is capable of revealing the physical structure of molecules, leading to the development of the maser—the forerunner of the laser. However, real-world applications of molecular spectroscopy are mostly confined to equilibrium states, due to computational and technological constraints; a potential breakthrough can be achieved by utilizing the emerging technology of quantum simulation. Here we experimentally demonstrate through a toy model, a superconducting quantum simulator capable of generating molecular spectra for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, reliably producing the vibronic structure of diatomic molecules. Furthermore, our quantum simulator is applicable not only to molecules with a wide range of electronic-vibronic coupling strength, characterized by the Huang-Rhys parameter, but also to molecular spectra not readily accessible under normal laboratory conditions. These results point to a new direction for predicting and understanding molecular spectroscopy, exploiting the power of quantum simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Patients with intraocular foreign bodies were retrospectively analyzed. Population characteristics, pathogenic factors, and the outcomes during the past ten years were discussed. Design. Retrospective case series study. Method. Medical records of 1340 patients hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2013, were collected. Results. Average age was 33.0 ± 13.8 (1–76) years old in 1340 patients. There were more males (1270, 94.8%) than females (70, 5.2%). Patients from outside of Beijing (82.1%, n=1100) prevailed. Farmers (32.1%, n=430) and workers (22.3%, n=299) were the top two affected professions. Leading two causes were splashing of foreign bodies (SFB) (58.6%, n=785) and explosives (31.8%, n=426). More males than females were injured by SFB (59.4% versus 44.3%, P=0.009). Firework injury was the commonest (41.6% versus 3.1%–15.3%, P<0.05) in patients under nine. The annual percentages in patients over 50 increased (P<0.001) and in patients by explosives decreased (P=0.027). Conclusion. Most patients in this study were young males from outside of Beijing and farmers. SFB accounted most for patients over 10 years old and fireworks for those under ten. Patients over 50 increased while those by explosives decreased annually over the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: For recent decades, there has been a younger tendency in age of occurrence of the cervical spondylosis, and posterior fusion is the main method for cervical degeneration and injury, but no relevant fixation parameters are available in clinical practice for adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical parameters of C4-6 posterior fixation in the adolescents aged 12-14 years after three-dimensional reconstruction. METHODS: Twenty-one adolescents aged 12-14 years, who underwent cervical examination at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and Department of Orthopedics of the Second Hospital of Ulanqab between January 2014 and December 2016 were randomly selected, and the CT data of the C4-6 were collected, and then imported into Mimics16.01 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. We measured the anteroposterior and transverse diameters and the heights of the vertebral body, anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the transverse foramina, angles of the left and right pedicle axes to sagittal and horizontal axes, and left and right pedicle axis lengths. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Both anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the transverse foramina were increased with vertebral level incveasing. Both angles of pedicle axis to sagittal and horizontal axes, and pedicle axis lengths were increased with vertebral level. The anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral body at C4-6 was in the range of 6.0-8.0 mm, the transversal diameter was in 25.0°-30.0°, the angle between the posterior screw and the horizontal axis was 29.0°-35.0°; in the sagittal plane, the angle to the sagittal axis was no more than 5°; and the pedicle screw path length was in 6-7 mm. (2) These results show the anatomical parameters of C4-6 posterior fixation in the adolescents aged 12-14 years are successfully obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether crocin exerted neuroprotective effects against acute hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude in vivo and determined the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a normoxic group，a hypoxic group, and three crocin groups at three different doses. The rats were transferred from 50 m to 4200 m for 3 days after treatment with crocin for 3 days. The learning and memory of the rat were evaluated with the Morris water maze test. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to analyze the changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) levels were determined using immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. The escape latency of the crocin group was shorter than that of the hypoxic group, while the frequency of the rats reaching the platform was significantly higher in the crocin group. The structures of nerve cells and mitochondria were destroyed in the hypoxic group, but were repaired in the crocin groups. The expressions of PGC-1α and SIRT1 were decreased in the hypoxic group, but were increased in the crocin group. All the effects improved by crocin were dose-dependent. Crocin attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits in rats, accompanied by repairing the structures of hippocampal neurons and improving PGC-1α and SIRT1 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs have been involved into many biological processes and are regarded as disease biomarkers. Simple, rapid, sensitive and selective method for microRNA detection is crucial for early diagnosis and therapy of diseases. In this work, sensitive fluorescence assay was developed for microRNA-21 detection based on DNA polymerase induced strand displacement amplification reaction, Mg 2+ -dependent DNAzyme catalysis reaction, and magnetic separation. In the presence of target microRNA-21, amounts of trigger DNA could be produced with DNA polymerase induced strand displacement amplification reaction, and the trigger DNA could be further hybridized with signal DNA, which was labeled with biotin and AMCA dye. After introduction of Mg 2+ , trigger DNA could form DNAzyme to cleave signal DNA. After magnetic separation, the DNA fragment with AMCA dye could give fluorescence signal, which was related to microRNA-21 concentration. Based on the two efficient signal amplifications, the developed method showed high detection sensitivity with low detection limit of 0.27 fM (3σ). In addition, this fluorescence strategy also possessed excellent detection specificity, and could be applied to analyze microRNA-21 expression level in serum of cancer patient. According to the obtained results, the developed fluorescence method might be a promising detection platform for microRNA-21 quantitative analysis in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By performing first-principle quantum transport calculations, we investigate the effects of connected position and B/N doping on the transport properties of a single cruciform diamine molecule connected to zigzag graphene nanoribbon leads. The negative differential resistance behaviors are found in I V characteristics of the undoped molecular device. The peak-to-valley current ratio can be modulated obviously by changing the connected position. Then, we find the B/N doped effects are sensitive to doping site in the connected region. The replacement of B/N atom on R1 (carbon atom in connected region close to the zigzag graphene nanoribbon) seldom affects the transmission spectrum around Fermi level. But, the replacement of B/N atom on R2 (carbon atom in connected region close to the molecule) can raise the transmission coefficient around Fermi level markedly leading to the large growth of the current at the low biases. In addition, the replacement of N atom on R2 can induce a negative differential resistance behavior in I V curve at low bias region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) is an important and valuable fishery resource but has not been cultured on a large scale. We studied the effects of environmental factors, temperature, salinity, diet, and stocking density, on growth and survival of larvae to determine optimal artificial culture conditions. The optimal temperature was 25-31 °C at 30 ppt at densities of about 200 veligers per liter, under which the mean shell length (737-1006 μm) and survival rate (36-45%) were higher than those held at other temperatures. When cultured under a salinity of 25 ppt at 25 °C with densities of about 200 veligers per liter, larvae had the highest mean shell length (878.45-917.88 μm) and survival rate (29.75%). Larvae were fed a mixed diet, Pseudoisochrysis paradoxa + Tetraselmis chui + Chlorella vulgaris. Optimal stocking density was 300 veligers per liter for the first 5 days and was 100 veligers per liter afterward at 25 °C and 30 ppt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carboxylesterase (CE) localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hydrolyzes many prodrugs to exert therapeutic effect, such as anticoagulant clopidogrel and anticarcinogen irinotecan. Diabetes might induce CE to show a decreasing level, and thus impact the therapy effect. Hence, it is crucial to monitor the change of CE in treatment for diabetes for using drug rationally. We attempted to develop novel near-infrared fluorescent probes to detect CE activity in the ER with high selectivity and sensitivity in cells and in vivo , and help to guide the use of CE-related medications. Moreover, the excellent chemodosimeter (Hecy-1) could be applied in detecting CE level in tumor cells and LO2 cells. In glucose-induced CE changes of LO2 cells, Hecy-1 still showed admirable imaging ability. This research may further promote the study of intracellular fine biological activities of CE and the development of diabetes diagnosis. [Display omitted] • Hecy-1 could accurately distinguish carboxylesterase with excellent selectivity and sensitivity. • The probe could detect carboxylesterase level in diabetes group and treatment group for therapy effect. • A platform may further promote the study of intracellular biological activities and diabetes diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abscisic acid (ABA), a conserved hormone existing in plants and animals, not only regulates blood glucose and inflammation but also has good therapeutic effects on obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases in animals. Studies have shown that exogenous ABA can pass the blood-brain barrier and inhibit neuroinflammation, promote neurogenesis, enhance synaptic plasticity, improve learning, memory and cognitive ability in the central nervous system. At the same time, ABA plays a crucial role in significant improvement of Alzheimer's disease, depression, and anxiety. Here we review the previous research progress of ABA on the physiological effects and clinical application in the related diseases. By summarizing the biological functions of ABA, we aim to reveal the possible mechanisms of ameliorative function of ABA on learning and memory, to provide a theoretical basis that ABA as a novel and safe drug improves learning memory and cognitive impairment in central system diseases such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. • Abscisic acid is a kind of conserved hormone with extensive biological functions. • Exogenous abscisic acid can pass the blood-brain barrier, and has potential to regulate the learning and memory. • Abscisic acid improves learning and memory by anti-inflammation and promotion of synaptic plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid quantitative analysis of food systems may offer improved control of food quality. In this work, the quantitative analysis of Chinese liquor was investigated using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and a similarity algorithm. The potential application of this approach was evaluated using Chinese liquors, including the same and different batches of Gu-Jing-Gong spirits. The effectiveness of the proposed quality control quantitative model has been demonstrated, and the method could be applied to control the quality of Gu-Jing-Gong spirits and to identify counterfeit products. This analytical method is simple, rapid and efficient, and has potential practical application. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new macrocyclic lactones, 4,25-diethyl-4,25-demethyl-milbemycinβ3(1) and 27-formaldehyde-milbemycinβ14(2), were isolated from a genetically engineered strainStreptomyces bingchenggensisBCJ60. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as ESI-MS and comparison with data from the literature. The acaricidal and nematocidal capacities of compounds1and2were evaluated againstTetranychus cinnabarinusandBursaphelenchus xylophilus, respectively. The results showed that the two new macrocyclic lactones1and2possessed potent acaricidal and nematocidal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

By performing first-principle quantum transport calculations, we investigated the effects of the edge types and edge defects on the electronic and transport properties of phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs). The calculated band structures show the PNRs with the zigzag and cliff edges are all metallic. The conductance of the cliff phosphorene nanoribbon (CPNR) is higher than that of the zigzag phosphorene nanoribbon (ZPNR). The low bias negative differential resistance behavior is only found in the ZPNR and the peak-to-valley current ratio is up to 10 2 . More over, we found the carrier transport channels under low bias of ZPNR and CPNR mainly locate on the edges. The current-voltage characteristics show the defects induced by removing the phosphorus atoms from the edge can decrease the conductance of the ZPNR and CPNR obviously. The low bias negative differential resistance behavior of the ZPNR also can be weakened or removed by the edge defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We proposed an effective strategy of double carbon coating by one-pot synthesis for enhancing structural stability of SnS anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. • The hierarchical carbon network enhances electronic conductivity of the SnS/carbon hybrid materials, leading to enhanced rate performance. • The in-situ pyrolytic carbon coating alleviates the dissolution of intermediates and buffer the volume change of the SnS material, while the graphene wrapping further improves the structural stability. Two-dimensional (2D) layered metal sulfides have shown great potentials for sodium-ion anode materials owing to fast interlayer diffusion. As one of 2D layered metal sulfides, SnS has been widely studied because of its high theoretical specific capacity (1022 mAh/g vs 372 mAh/g for hard carbon) and large interlayer spacing (4.33 Å vs about 3.4 Å for hard carbon). However, SnS still face several problems, such as low electronic conductivity, large volume change, dissolution of intermediate products, and poor structural stability. To solve these problems, herein, tin sulfide (SnS)/carbon hybrid materials were prepared through simple solvothermal and subsequent sintering processes. By a one-pot synthesis, SnS nanospheres were in-situ coated with pyrolytic carbon and wrapped by conductive reduced graphene oxide sheets (SnS@C@rGO). This hierarchical carbon network enhances electronic conductivity of the SnS@C@rGO hybrid, leading to enhanced rate performance. Moreover, the in situ pyrolytic carbon coating can alleviate the dissolution of intermediates and buffer the volume change of the SnS material, while the graphene wrapping can further improve the structural stability, leading to enhanced cycling performance. When used as anode material, the double-coated SnS@C@rGO anode delivered the highest retention capacity of 383.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g, when compared with SnS@C (114.4 mAh/g) and SnS@rGO (230.7 mAh/g). Even at a high current density of 5 A/g, the SnS@C@rGO anode still delivered a high retention capacity of 312.2 mAh/g after 500 cycles, when compared with SnS@C (119.3 mAh/g) and SnS@rGO (140.1 mAh/g). This work demonstrates an effective strategy of double carbon coating for enhancing structural stability and battery performance of SnS anode materials, which can also be used to modify other anode materials for sodium- and lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the distribution pattern of KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods: The database was searched without language restrictions. Meta-analyses were conducted using the STATA software. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to estimate the distribution of and correlation between KRAS and BRAF mutations, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in left- and right-sided colorectal cancer.Results: The studies were divided into five groups: (1) distribution of KRAS/BRAF mutations in distal and proximal colorectal cancer, the summary OR value was 1.24 versus 4.03, (2) distribution of KRAS/BRAF mutations in CIMP-low/Neg and CIMP-high (CIMP-H) tumors, the summary OR value was 0.77 versus 10.49, (3) distribution of KRAS/BRAF mutations in MSI-low (MSI-L)/microsatellite stable (MSS) and MSI-high (MSI-H) tumors, the summary OR value was 0.51 versus 9.60, (4) proportion of CIMP-H/MSI-H tumors among distal and proximal colorectal tumors, the summary OR value was 3.66 versus 6.54, and (5) proportion of CIMP-H tumors among MSI-L/MSS and MSI-H tumors, the summary OR value was 5.87.Conclusion: The meta-analysis reveals that KRAS has a slightly higher mutation rate in MSI-L/MSS tumors. Moreover, BRAF mutations have higher detection rates in right-sided colorectal cancer, which suggests that BRAF mutations are likely in CIMP-H tumors. Therefore, based on these findings, the molecular diagnostic tests to be conducted in colorectal cancer patients can be determined according to the location/clinical features of the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing interest has been noted in photosensitizer design. Currently, most small molecular photosensitizers have several drawbacks, including limited penetration depth and unsatisfying photostability. For addressing these limitations, Frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) small molecule was adopted as a photosensitizer design strategy for its deeper penetration, sensitive imaging, and better photostability. We developed a series of FUCL (NIR-NH 2 , NIR-NHEt, NIR-NEt 2) molecules with rigid structures. Equipped with the most powerful electron donor, NIR-NEt 2 exhibits the highest singlet oxygen generation, the strongest upconversion luminescence intensity under 808 nm irradiation and mitochondria-targeted ability. FUCL can be a superior molecular platform for image-guided photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. We developed a series of mitochondria-targeted small FUCL molecules (NIR-NH 2 , NIR-NHEt, and NIR-NEt 2) with different electron-donating segments and screened for the most outstanding one, NIR-NEt 2 , applied for the photodynamic therapy of cancer cells, which demonstrating a new molecular platform for deep-seated upconversion photodynamic therapy. [Display omitted] • FUCL is a one-photon process with advantages of deeper penetration, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and more excellent photostability over the traditional down-conversion luminescence. • NIR-NEt 2 was screened from a series of frequency upconversion luminescence molecules for the excellent photostability, best FUCL ability and ROS generation. • The tactic of heavy-atom free of FUCL PSs that modify strong donating groups on the electron-donating part of D-A structure was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The associations between rs6887695 and 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) withininterleukin-12B(IL-12B) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) remain controversial and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association betweenIL-12B(3′-UTR A/C and rs6887695 C/G SNPs) and ADs by meta-analysis.Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were exhaustively searched for studies on the association betweenIL-12BSNPs and ADs. Publication bias was examined by a funnel plot and Egger’s test. The robustness of the pooled results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. A fixed- or a random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs).Results: A total of 34 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated thatIL-12Brs6887695 SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of ADs. However, there was no significant association betweenIL-12B3′-UTR SNPs and ADs. When the studies were stratified by ethnicity, significant association betweenIL-12B3′-UTR SNPs and ADs was observed in both Asian and European population. In addition, allele A within 3′-UTR ofIL-12Bgene was found to be a protective factor for T1DM, but a risk factor for psoriasis.Conclusion:TheIL-12B3′-UTR and rs6887695 SNPs are associated with susceptibility to ADs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The effects of 10-MeV E-beam (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 kGy) irradiation and vacuum packaging on extending the shelf-life of grass carp surimi stored at 4 °C were evaluated basing on the total viable counts (TVC), physiochemical 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total base nitrogen (TVB-N), biogenic amines (BAs), texture (TPA) and color, and sensory changes in surimi samples. The results showed that comparing the control samples, the TVC and TVB-N content in surimi were significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased by irradiation with different doses. Irradiation significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited the increase of putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), histamine (HIM), and tyramine (TYM) contents during storage. However, these parameters were significantly ( p < 0.05) increased with storage time. After irradiation, the samples generally had higher lightness and lower a and b values and lower hardness and chewiness significantly ( p < 0.05). Based on the sensory analysis, unfavorable 'metal odor' or 'irradiated odor' was observed in surimi irradiated at 5 and 7 kGy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]