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Borosilicate glass has potential application for vitrification of high-level waste, which attracts extensive interest in studying their radiation durability. The NBS1 and NBS2 glasses were irradiated with 4 MeV Kr ions. The hardness and modulus of irradiated glasses were measured with a MTS G200 Nanoindenter device. With the increase of the irradiation, both the values of hardness and the modulus dropped and then saturated. The trend was consistent with previous studies, but the decay constants for the hardness of NBS1 and NBS2 were less than those in previous studies.

Glass particles with dimensions typically ranging from tens to hundreds of microns are often used in glass corrosion research in order to accelerate testing. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanoscale imaging techniques are badly needed to characterize the alteration layers at the surfaces of these corroded glass particles. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) can provide a lateral resolution as low as ∼100 nm, and, compared to other imaging techniques, is sensitive to elements lighter than carbon. In this work, we used ToF-SIMS to characterize the alteration layers of corroded international simple glass (ISG) particles. At most particle surfaces, inhomogeneous or no alteration layers were observed, indicating that the thickness of the alterations layers may be too thin to be observable by ToF-SIMS imaging. Relatively thick (e.g., 1–10 µm) alteration layers were inhomogeneously distributed at a small portion of surfaces. More interestingly, some large-size (tens of microns) glass particles were fully altered. Above observations suggest that weak attachment and the defects on ISG particle surfaces play an important role in ISG glass corrosion.

Obesity confers an independent risk for carcinogenesis. In the liver, steatosis often proceeds cancer formation; however, the mechanisms by which steatosis promotes carcinogenesis is unknown. We hypothesize that steatosis alters the microenvironment to promote proliferation of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and carcinogenesis. We used several liver cancer models to address the mechanisms underlying the role of obesity in cancer and verified these findings in patient populations. Using bioinformatics analysis and verified by biochemical assays, we identified that hepatosteatosis resulting from either Pten deletion or transgenic expression of HCV core/NS5A proteins, promotes the activation of Wnt/β-catenin. We verified that high fat diet lipid accumulation is also capable of inducing Wnt/β-catenin. Caloric restriction inhibits hepatosteatosis, reduces Wnt/β-catenin activation and blocks the expansion of TICs leading to complete inhibition of tumorigenesis without affecting the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss regulated protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Pharmacological inhibition or loss of the Wnt/β-catenin signal represses TIC growth in vitro, and decreases the accumulation of TICs in vivo. In human liver cancers, ontology analysis of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)-defined Wnt signature genes indicates that Wnt signaling is significantly induced in tumor samples compared with healthy livers. Indeed, Wnt signature genes predict 90% of tumors in a cohort of 558 patient samples. Selective depletion of macrophages leads to reduction of Wnt and suppresses tumor development, suggesting infiltrating macrophages as a key source for steatosis-induced Wnt expression. These data established Wnt/β-catenin as a novel signal produced by infiltrating macrophages induced by steatosis that promotes growth of tumor progenitor cells, underlying the increased risk of liver tumor development in obese individuals.

The edge shape problem of strip has great influence on the shape control precision, so it is extremely necessary to establish the high-precision strip edge shape model. Based on the theoretical ana...

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection causes substantial economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. So far, the isolation of BoHV-1 field virus has not been reported in China. Here, for the first time we report that two isolates of BoHV-1 designated as NJ16-1 and NJ16-2 were obtained from semen samples from breeding bulls in China. Typical cytopathic effect in MDBK cells, detection of viral protein VP16 in western blot analysis, PCR detection of BoHV-1 gB gene proved BoHV-1 infection and subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis showed a 99% identity with BoHV-1 Cooper strain. These results suggest that these isolated viruses are BoHV-1.

Borosilicate glass is a candidate material for radiation waste formation and other optical applications in various fields. To understand the radiation effect of borosilicate glass, heavy ion (Ar q + , Kr q + and Xe q + ) irradiations were used to simulate the alpha and recoiled nuclei irradiations in this study. The surface morphology of glass has been compared to ion irradiation doses and ion energies. The surface topography evolution of irradiated samples is characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Micro-bumps are observed on the sample surface after irradiation with 5 MeV Xe q + over 5 × 10 13 ions·cm − 2 . The size and density of the bumps increases with increasing irradiation dose. At a low dose, bumps are on the nanometer (nm) scale and rather rare. While the dose is higher than 9 × 10 15 ions·cm − 2 , the size of bumps is on the scale of a few microns, and the density is saturated. However, the height of the bumps increases from a few nm to over 150 nm with further irradiation. The distribution of micro-bumps is nearly homogeneous. The bumps are condensed and swell up, and there is no crystallized structure according to the TEM diffraction pattern. Element migration and concentrations are observed with SIMS imaging. The arrayed micro-bumps are a new finding, and they might be used to change the surface properties. Bump formation is caused by phase separation, and volume swelling is induced by ion irradiation.

特发性嗜酸粒细胞增多症是一组以持续性嗜酸性粒细胞增多伴有一个或多个系统或靶器官损害为特征的疾病，由于早期表现不一，易漏诊及误诊，及时确诊及应用糖皮质激素治疗，并加强支持治疗，可提高治愈率及改善预后。.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individual assessment of the absolute risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture remains challenging. Emerging imaging techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and postcontrast vessel wall MR imaging may improve risk estimation by providing new information on aneurysm wall properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between aneurysm wall permeability on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and aneurysm wall enhancement on postcontrast vessel wall MR imaging in unruptured intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms were imaged with vessel wall MR imaging before and after gadolinium contrast administration. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging was performed coincident with contrast injection using 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo imaging. The transfer constant (Ktrans) was measured adjacent to intracranial aneurysm and adjacent to the normal intracranial artery. RESULTS: Twenty-nine subjects were analyzed (mean age, 53.9 ± 13.5 years; 24% men; PHASES score: median, 8; interquartile range, 4.75–10). Ktrans was higher in intracranial aneurysms compared with the normal intracranial artery (median, 0.0110; interquartile range, 0.0060–0.0390 versus median, 0.0032; interquartile range, 0.0018–0.0048 min−1; P

cd. autorów: L. Cao48,‡, G. Caria145,‡, G. Casarosa57,‡, C. Cecchi56,‡,D. Cˇ ervenkov10,‡,M.-C. Chang22,‡, P. Chang92,‡, R. Cheaib146,‡, V. Chekelian83,‡, Y. Chen154,‡, B. G. Cheon28,‡, K. Chilikin77,‡, K. Cho70,‡, J. Choi14,‡, S.-K. Choi27,‡, S. Choudhury35,‡, D. Cinabro170,‡, L. M. Cremaldi146,‡, D. Cuesta47,‡, S. Cunliffe16,‡, N. Dash33,‡, E. de la Cruz Burelo9,‡, E. de Lucia52,‡, G. De Nardo54,‡, †Editor. ‡Belle II Collaborator. §Theory or external contributing author. M. De Nuccio16,‡, G. De Pietro59,‡, A. De Yta Hernandez9,‡, B. Deschamps129,‡, M. Destefanis60,‡, S. Dey116,‡, F.Di Capua54,‡, S.Di Carlo75,‡, J. Dingfelder129,‡, Z. Doležal10,‡, I. Domínguez Jiménez125,‡, T.V. Dong30,26,‡, D. Dossett145,‡, S. Duell129,‡, S. Eidelman6,96,77,‡, D. Epifanov6,96,‡, J. E. Fast100,‡, T. Ferber16,‡, S. Fiore18,‡, A. Fodor85,‡, F. Forti57,‡, A. Frey24,‡, O. Frost16,‡, B. G. Fulsom100,‡, M. Gabriel83,‡, N. Gabyshev6,96,‡, E. Ganiev61,‡, X. Gao3,‡, B. Gao23,‡, R. Garg101,‡, A. Garmash6,96,‡, V. Gaur169,‡, A. Gaz90,‡, T. Geßler65,‡, U. Gebauer24,‡, M. Gelb48,‡, A. Gellrich16,‡, D. Getzkow65,‡, R. Giordano54,‡, A. Giri35,‡, A. Glazov16,‡, B. Gobbo61,‡, R. Godang157,‡, O. Gogota110,‡, P. Goldenzweig48,‡, B. Golob141,109,‡,W. Gradl63,‡, E. Graziani59,‡, M. Greco60,‡, D. Greenwald114,‡, S. Gribanov6,96,‡, Y. Guan17,‡, E. Guido60,‡, A. Guo41,‡, S. Halder111,‡, K. Hara30,26,‡, O. Hartbrich138,‡, T. Hauth48,‡, K. Hayasaka94,‡, H. Hayashii91,‡, C. Hearty130,‡, I. Heredia De La Cruz9,‡, M. Hernandez Villanueva9,‡, A. Hershenhorn130,‡, T. Higuchi66,‡,M. Hoek63,‡, S. Hollitt124,‡, N. T. HongVan44,‡, C.-L. Hsu160,‡, Y. Hu41,‡, K. Huang92,‡, T. Iijima89,90,‡, K. Inami90,‡, G. Inguglia40,‡,A. Ishikawa119,‡, R. Itoh30,26,‡, Y. Iwasaki30,‡, M. Iwasaki97,‡, P. Jackson124,‡, W. W. Jacobs37,‡, I. Jaegle137,‡, H. B. Jeon73,‡, X. Ji41,‡, S. Jia3,‡,Y. Jin162,‡, C. Joo66,‡,M. Künzel16,‡, I. Kadenko110,‡, J. Kahn78,‡, H. Kakuno121,‡, A. B. Kaliyar36,‡, J. Kandra10,‡, K. H. Kang73,‡, Y. Kato90,‡, T. Kawasaki68,‡, C. Ketter138,‡, M. Khasmidatul143,‡, H. Kichimi30,‡, J. B. Kim71,‡, K. T. Kim71,‡, H. J. Kim73,‡, D.Y. Kim108,‡, K. Kim172,‡, Y. Kim172,‡, T. D. Kimmel169,‡, H. Kindo30,26,‡, K. Kinoshita135,‡, T. Konno68,‡, A. Korobov6,96,‡, S. Korpar144,109,‡, D. Kotchetkov138,‡, R. Kowalewski165,‡, P. Križan141,109,‡, R. Kroeger146,‡, J.-F. Krohn145,‡, P. Krokovny6,96,‡, W. Kuehn65,‡, T. Kuhr78,‡, R. Kulasiri67,‡, M. Kumar81,‡, R. Kumar101,‡, T. Kumita121,‡, A. Kuzmin6,96,‡, Y.-J. Kwon172,‡, S. Lacaprara55,‡, Y.-T. Lai30,‡, K. Lalwani81,‡, J. S. Lange65,‡, S. C. Lee73,‡, J.Y. Lee106,‡, P. Leitl83,‡, D. Levit114,‡, S. Levonian16,‡, S. Li3,‡, L. K. Li41,‡, Y. Li41,‡,Y. B. Li103,‡, Q. Li103,‡, L. Li Gioi83,‡, J. Libby36,‡, Z. Liptak138,‡, D. Liventsev169,‡, S. Longo165,‡, A. Loos158,‡, G. Lopez Castro9,‡, M. Lubej109,‡, T. Lueck57,‡, F. Luetticke129,‡, T. Luo23,‡, F. Müller16,‡, Th. Müller48,‡, C. MacQueen145,‡, Y. Maeda90,‡, M. Maggiora60,‡, S. Maity33,‡, E. Manoni56,‡, S. Marcello60,‡, C. Marinas129,‡, M. Martinez Hernandez4,‡, A. Martini59,‡, D. Matvienko6,96,77,‡, J. A. McKenna130,‡, F. Meier160,‡, M. Merola54,‡, F. Metzner48,‡, C. Miller165,‡, K. Miyabayashi91,‡, H. Miyake30,26,‡, H. Miyata94,‡, R. Mizuk77,88,87,‡, G. B. Mohanty111,163,‡, H. K. Moon71,‡, T. Moon106,‡,A. Morda55,‡, T. Morii66,‡, M. Mrvar109,‡, G. Muroyama90,‡, R. Mussa60,‡, I. Nakamura30,26,‡, T. Nakano99,‡, M. Nakao30,26,‡, H. Nakayama30,26,‡, H. Nakazawa92,‡, T. Nanut109,‡, M. Naruki72,‡, K. J. Nath34,‡, M. Nayak116,‡, N. Nellikunnummel151,‡, D. Neverov90,‡, C. Niebuhr16,‡, J. Ninkovic84,‡, S. Nishida30,26,‡, K. Nishimura138,‡, M. Nouxman143,‡, G. Nowak93,‡, K. Ogawa94,‡, Y. Onishchuk110,‡, H. Ono94,‡, Y. Onuki162,‡, P. Pakhlov77,88,‡, G. Pakhlova87,‡, B. Pal5,‡, E. Paoloni57,‡, H. Park73,‡, C.-S. Park172,‡, B. Paschen129,‡, A. Passeri59,‡, S. Paul114,‡, T. K. Pedlar80,‡, M. Perelló46,‡, I. M. Peruzzi52,‡, R. Pestotnik109,‡, L. E. Piilonen169,‡, L. Podesta Lerma125,‡, V. Popov87,‡, K. Prasanth111,‡, E. Prencipe21,‡, M. Prim48,‡, M. V. Purohit158,‡, A. Rabusov114,‡, R. Rasheed47,‡, S. Reiter65,‡, M. Remnev6,96,‡, P. K. Resmi36,‡, I. Ripp-Baudot47,‡, M. Ritter78,‡, M. Ritzert139,‡, G. Rizzo57,‡, L. Rizzuto141,109,‡, S. H. Robertson85,‡, D. Rodriguez Perez125,‡, J. M. Roney165,‡, C. Rosenfeld158,‡, A. Rostomyan16,‡, N. Rout36,‡, S. Rummel78,‡, G. Russo54,‡, D. Sahoo111,‡, Y. Sakai30,26,‡, M. Salehi143,78,‡, D. A. Sanders146,‡, S. Sandilya135,‡, A. Sangal135,‡, L. Santelj47,‡, J. Sasaki162,‡, Y. Sato30,‡, V. Savinov151,‡, B. Scavino63,‡, M. Schram100,‡, H. Schreeck24,‡, J. Schueler138,‡,C. Schwanda40,‡,A. J. Schwartz135,‡,R.M. Seddon85,‡,Y. Seino94,‡, K. Senyo171,‡, O. Seon90,‡, I. S. Seong138,‡, M. E. Sevior145,‡, C. Sfienti63,‡, M. Shapkin38,‡, C. P. Shen3,‡,M. Shimomura91,‡, J.-G. Shiu92,‡, B. Shwartz6,96,‡,A. Sibidanov165,‡, F. Simon83,113,‡, J. B. Singh101,‡, R. Sinha42,‡, S. Skambraks83,‡, K. Smith145,‡, R. J. Sobie165,‡, A. Soffer116,‡, A. Sokolov38,‡, E. Solovieva77,87,‡, B. Spruck63,‡, S. Staniˇc149,‡, M. Stariˇc109,‡, N. Starinsky147,‡, U. Stolzenberg24,‡, Z. Stottler169,‡, R. Stroili55,‡, J. F. Strube100,‡, J. Stypula93,‡, M. Sumihama25,‡, K. Sumisawa30,26,‡, T. Sumiyoshi121,‡, D. Summers146,‡, W. Sutcliffe48,‡, S. Y. Suzuki30,26,‡, M. Tabata13,‡, M. Takahashi16,‡, M. Takizawa107,‡, U. Tamponi60,‡, J. Tan145,‡, S. Tanaka30,26,‡, K. Tanida2,‡, N. Taniguchi30,‡, Y. Tao137,‡, P. Taras147,‡, G. Tejeda Munoz4,‡, F. Tenchini16,‡, U. Tippawan12,‡, E. Torassa55,‡, K. Trabelsi30,26,‡, T. Tsuboyama30,26,‡, M. Uchida120,‡, S. Uehara30,26,‡, T. Uglov77,87,‡, Y. Unno28,‡, S. Uno30,26,‡, Y. Ushiroda30,26,162,‡, Y. Usov6,96,‡, S. E. Vahsen138,‡, R. van Tonder48,‡, G. Varner138,‡, K. E. Varvell160,‡, A. Vinokurova6,96,‡, L.Vitale61,‡,M.Vos46,‡,A.Vossen17,‡,E.Waheed145,‡,H.Wakeling85,‡,K.Wan162,‡, M.-Z.Wang92,‡, X. L. Wang23,‡, B. Wang135,‡, A. Warburton85,‡, J. Webb145,‡, S. Wehle16,‡, C. Wessel129,‡, J. Wiechczynski93,‡, P. Wieduwilt24,‡, E. Won71,‡, Q. Xu41,‡, X. Xu41,‡, B. D. Yabsley160,‡, S. Yamada30,‡, H. Yamamoto119,‡, W. Yan3,‡, W. Yan154,‡, S. B. Yang71,‡, H. Ye16,‡, I. Yeo70,‡, J. H. Yin41,‡, M. Yonenaga121,‡, T. Yoshinobu94,‡, W. Yuan55,‡, C. Z. Yuan41,‡, Y. Yusa94,‡, S. Zakharov77,87,‡, L. Zani57,‡, M. Zeyrek86,‡, J. Zhang41,‡,Y. Zhang23,‡,Y. Zhang154,‡, X. Zhou3,‡, V. Zhukova77,‡, V. Zhulanov6,96,‡, and A. Zupanc141,109,‡ †Editor. ‡Belle II Collaborator. §Theory or external contributing author., "The Belle II Theory Interface Platform (B2TiP) was created as a physics prospects working group of the Belle II collaboration in June 2014. It offered a platform where theorists and experimentalists could work together to elucidate the potential impacts of the Belle II program, which includes a wide scope of physics topics: B physics, charm, τ , quarkonium physics, electroweak precision measurements, and dark sector searches. It is composed of nine working groups (WGs), which 6/654 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ptep/article-abstract/2019/12/123C01/5685006 by Uniwersytet Slaski Biblioteka Glowna user on 20 February 2020 PTEP 2019, 123C01 E. Kou et al. are coordinated by teams of theory and experiment conveners: WG1, Semileptonic and leptonic B Decays; WG2, Radiative and Electroweak Penguins; WG3, φ1 and φ2 (Time-Dependent CP Violation) Measurements; WG4, φ3 Measurement; WG5, Charmless Hadronic B Decay; WG6, Charm; WG7, Quarkonium(-like); WG8, τ and Low-Multiplicity Processes; WG9, New Physics. We organized workshops twice a year from 2014 until 2016, which moved from KEK in Japan to Europe and the Americas, gathering experts in the respective fields for discussions with Belle II members. One of the goals for B2TiP was to propose so-called “golden and silver channels”: we asked each working group to choose, among numerous possible measurements, those that would have the highest potential impact and to focus on them for the writeup. Theorists scrutinized the role of those measurements in terms of understanding the theory behind them, and estimated the theoretical uncertainties now achievable as well as prospects for the future. For flavor physics, having tight control of hadronic uncertainties is one of the most crucial aspects in the field, and this is considered an important criterion in determining the golden or silver channels. Experimentalists, on the other hand, investigated the expected improvements with data from Belle II. For the channels where the errors are dominated by statistical uncertainties, or where systematic errors are reducible, the errors can decrease rapidly as more data becomes available. The impact of the upgraded performance from Belle II is a crucial element in reducing the uncertainties: we therefore include the latest available studies of the detector efficiency using Monte Carlo simulated events.We list the golden and silver channel table in the introductory chapter, as a guide for the chapters that follow. This book is not a collection of reports based on talks given at the workshops. The working group conveners endeavored to construct a coherent document that can be used by Belle II collaborators, and others in the field of flavor physics, as a reference. Two books of a similar type have been produced in the past: The BaBar Book [1] and The Physics of the B Factories [2]. In order to avoid too much repetition with respect to those references, we refer to them wherever possible for introductory material. We would like to thank the section editors and contributing authors for the many stimulating discussions and their tremendous efforts in bringing the book together." (Preface)

Global biodiversity datasets used to calculate BIp and BIr. A) Species richness–AOH (Area of Habitat) and B) Rarity-weighted richness–AOH for mammals, birds and amphibians, C) Biodiversity Intactness Index (PREDICTS), D) Mean Species Abundance (GLOBIO4) and E) Biodiversity Habitat Index (CSIRO).

Integrated high-resolution maps on carbon stocks and biodiversity that identify areas of potential co-benefits for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation can help facilitate the implementation of global climate and biodiversity commitments at local levels. However, the multi-dimensional nature of biodiversity presents a major challenge for understanding, mapping and communicating where and how biodiversity benefits coincide with climate benefits that are more simply represented by a single parameter, carbon, and new integrated approaches are needed. Here, we (a) present a new high-resolution map of global above- and below-ground carbon stored in biomass and soil, (b) quantify biodiversity values using two complementary indices (BIp and BIr) representing proactive and reactive approaches to conservation, and that integrate local diversity and ecosystem intactness, and regional ecosystem intactness across the broader area supporting a similar natural assemblage of species to the location of interest) and (c) examine patterns of carbon-biodiversity overlap by identifying 'hotspots' (20% highest values for both aspects). The western Amazon basin, central Africa and southeast Asia capture the last strongholds of highest local biodiversity and ecosystem intactness worldwide, while the last refuges for unique biological communities whose habitats have been highly deteriorated across their range are mostly found in the tropical Andes and central Sundaland. There is 38% and 5% overlap in carbon and biodiversity hotspots, for proactive and reactive conservation, respectively. Alarmingly, only around 12% and 21%, respectively, of these hotspot areas are formally protected. This highlights that a coupled approach is urgently needed, focusing on unprotected, degraded ecosystems, particularly in the Neotropics and Indomalayan realms, and retention of the remaining highly intact areas to help achieve both climate and biodiversity global targets.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.

Supplemental material, LUP877243 Supplemental Material for Clinical evaluation of total and high-avidity anti-dsDNA antibody assays for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by W Yuan, H Cao, P Wan, R Shi, S Zhou and J Zheng in Lupus

A GC-FID method was validated and verified for analysing four fatty acids in four different swine tissues: muscle, fat, kidney and liver. The characteristics studied included; linearity, accuracy, LOD and LOQ, specificity and stability. Commercial reference standards (NIST SRM 3275-3 Omega-3 concentrate and NIST 1546a meat homogenate) were analyzed to demonstrate the suitability of the method. Sample preparation involved grinding, freezing and freeze drying for 48 h. Freeze dried samples were extracted and methylated to produce methyl esters of the fatty acids (FAME). The method was successfully validated over a linear range of 0.3 to 30 mg/ml with coefficients of determination ranging between 0.997 and 1.000. Accuracy experiments were conducted on all tissues, with recoveries within acceptable limits for C18:1T, C18:2T, C20:5 and C22:6. Reproducibility was within the acceptance criterion of

We read with great interest the recent article by Zhu et al[1][1] regarding the association between T1-hyperintensity of basilar artery stenosis as detected by intracranial vessel wall MR imaging, presumably intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and cerebral infarction in the basilar artery territory. T1

A resilient robot can recover its original function after a partial damage. In this paper, a novel under-actuated resilient robot named ReBot is presented. ReBot is an under-actuated robotic system and it consists of one type of module, which realizes the under-actuated characteristic with the whole robot. In ReBot, the module is designed as a cube structure with two rotational DOFs. The module is designed such that one can connect to another with the function of self-locking and switching between an active and a passive connection. The evolution of the configuration of an entire robotic system is performed autonomously. A preliminary experiment is carried out to show that the design requirement can be achieved.

The modifications of a commercial borosilicate glass induced by Xe ion irradiation have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS depth profiling. A decrease in the average Si–O–Si angle, an increase in the population of three-membered rings and an increase of the glass polymerization are evidenced. The molecular oxygen appears in the irradiated glasses after the irradiation fluence reaches approximately 10 15 ions/cm 2 . The O 2 concentration decreases with the depth of irradiated glass at the ion fluence of 2 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 . A sodium depleted layer at the surface and a depleted zone at around the penetration depth of 5 MeV Xe ions are observed. The thickness of the sodium depleted layer increases with the irradiation fluence. Moreover, comparing with previous results after electron and Ar ion irradiation, it can be concluded that the nuclear energy deposition can partially inhibit the formation of molecular oxygen and increase the threshold value of electron energy deposition for the molecular oxygen formation.

Surface roughness is one of the key parameters affecting the surface finish quality in ultra-precision turning. As conventional surface roughness measurement is merely a statistical representation of the surface condition, it does not represent the dynamic relative movement between a workpiece and a tool. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to correlate the roughness along the cutting trajectory profile and cutting forces along three different directions: the feed direction (FD), primary cutting direction (CD), and thrust direction (TD), respectively. It was found that the changes of cutting force along CD had a much higher impact on the surface generation than those along FD and TD. Based on the analysis of the spatial power spectral density (PSD), it was found that the surface generation is mostly affected by the tool-work vibration along the cutting trajectory. Cross-correlation of the spatial PSD and force PSD also revealed that when the depth of cut was greater than 5 μm, more similarities were found between these two PSDs. These findings will contribute to the development of online measurement technology of surface roughness in the future.

Borosilicate glass samples were irradiated by Xe and Kr ions with different fluences. The nanoindentation hardness of samples was measured. For samples irradiated by Xe and Kr ions, the hardness variation dropped with the irradiation dose in displacement per atom. The experimental results are consistent with those of other studies. A rough model was proposed to explain the results of this study and those of others.

A flexible beam with large overall rotating motion impacting with a rigid slope is studied in this paper. The tangential friction force caused by the oblique impact is analyzed. The tangential motion of the system is divided into a stick state and a slip state. The contact constraint model and Coulomb friction model are used respectively to deal with the two states. Based on this hybrid modeling method, dynamic equations of the system, which include all states (before, during, and after the collision) are obtained. Simulation results of a concrete example are compared with the results obtained from two other models: a nontangential friction model and a modified Coulomb model. Differences in the results from the three models are discussed. The tangential friction force cannot be ignored when an oblique impact occurs. In addition, the results obtained from the model proposed in this paper are more consistent with real movement.

Radiation effects on the mechanical properties of sodium aluminoborosilicate glass induced by 4 MeV Kr, 5 MeV Xe ions and 1.2 MeV electrons have been investigated by nano-indentation measurements. Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies were used to characterize the microstructure evolution of electron irradiated samples. The nano-indentation results indicated that the mean hardness was reduced by 12.8%, and the mean reduced Young modulus was increased by 3.5% after heavy ion irradiation. Both the hardness and reduced Young modulus variations reached stabilization when the nuclear deposited energy was around 3 x 10(21) keV(nucl)/cm(3). Although decreases of hardness (about 6.6%) and reduced Young modulus (about 3.1%) were also observed when the deposited electronic energy reached approximately 1.5 x 10(22) keV(elec)/cm(3) after electron irradiation, the results still emphasized that the nuclear energy deposition is the major factor for the evolution in the hardness and modulus of the sodium aluminoborosilicate glass under ion irradiation, rather than a synergy process of the electronic and nuclear energy depositions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies are thought to be young AGNs with relatively small black hole masses and high accretion rates. Radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (RLNLS1s) are very special, because some of them show blazar-like characteristics, while others resemble compact steep-spectrum sources. Relativistic jets were shown to exist in a few RLNLS1s based on VLBI observations and confirmed by the gamma-ray flaring of some of them. These properties may possibly be contrary to typical radio-loud AGNs, in light of the low black-hole masses, and high accretion rates. We present the compact radio structure of fourteen RLNLS1 galaxies from Very Long Baseline Array observations at 5 GHz in 2013. Although all these sources are very radio-loud with R > 100, their jet properties are diverse, in terms of their milliarcsecond (mas) scale (pc scale) morphology and their overall radio spectral shape. The core brightness temperatures of our sources are significantly lower than those of blazars, therefore, the beaming effect is generally not significant in our sources, compared to blazars. This implies that the bulk jet speed may likely be low in our sources. The relationship between RLNLS1s and compact steep-spectrum sources, and the implications on jet formation are discussed based on the pc-scale jet properties. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Epigenetic regulation has a profound influence on stem cell fate during normal development in maintenance of physiologic tissue homeostasis. Here we report diminished ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase expression and loss of the DNA hydroxymethylation mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in keratinocyte stem cells and transit amplifying cells in human psoriasis and in imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis. Loss of 5-hmC was associated with dysregulated keratinocyte stem cell kinetics, resulting in accumulation of nestin and FABP5-expressing transit amplifying cells to produce classic psoriatic epidermal architecture. Moreover, 5-hmC loss was accompanied by diminished TET1 and TET2 mRNA expression. Genome-wide mapping of epidermal 5-hmC in murine psoriasis revealed loci-specific loss of 5-hmC in genes regulating stem cell homeostasis, including MBD1, RTN1, STRN4, PRKD2, AKT1, and MAPKAP2, as well as those associated with RAR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In vitro restoration of TET expression by ascorbic acid was accomplished in cultured human keratinocyte stem cells to show similar Ca++-induced differentiation, resulting in increased 5-hmC levels and reduced nestin expression. To our knowledge, an epigenetic deficiency in psoriasis with relevance to stem cell dysregulation has not been previously reported. This observation raises the possibility that epigenetic modifiers that impact on the TET–5-hmC pathway may be a relevant approach of heretofore unappreciated therapeutic utility.

Carbon nanotubes/carbon fabrics and their reinforced resin matrix composites were manufactured by chemical vapor deposition and molding method, respectively. Different catalytic reduction processes with different catalyst types and reduction temperatures had different effects on their morphology and properties. It was found by a series of characterization methods that the catalytic activity of the bimetallic catalyst was higher than that of the single metal, and the surface uniformity of CNTs catalyzed by Fe-Co was the best. When the reduction temperature reached the growth temperature, the uniformity of CNTs and the interlaminar shear strength of composites increased obviously. The influence mechanism of these parameters was discussed in depth, which provided a fundamental engineering basis for understanding of catalytic reduction process, optimizing of CNTs growth process and the application of high-performance composite materials.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5wt.% Sn-xAl as-cast alloys were studied, for the Al content ranged from 0.5 to 3.0wt.%. It was found that Al element was mainly distributed in Mg17Al12 phase in as-cast alloys, and its increase rose the Mg17Al12 phase share. There were no ternary phases in these alloys. Only two forms of Mg2Sn and Mg17Al12 phases were detected, namely (i) Mg17Al12 phase attached to the end of Mg2Sn phase and (ii) Mg2Sn phase enclosed by Mg17Al12 phases. The grain sizes of these alloys got refined with the growing content of Al element, and 1.5wt% Al content corresponded to the grain size of 33.5um. As for the mechanical properties, the ultimate tensile and yield strengths of the alloys were improved at larger contents of Al. The Mg-5wt.%Sn-3.0wt% alloy had the highest ultimate tensile and yield strengths of 212 and 167MPa, respectively, while Mg-5wt.%Sn-1.5wt%Al alloy had the best elongation of 16.5%.

The microstructures and electrical conductivity of extruded Mg-5.38 wt.%Zn-0.88 wt.%Mn (ZM51) magnesium alloys under four different heat treatments (T5: single aging, two-stage aging; T6:T4+single aging, T4+two-stage aging) were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and conductivity test. The results show that the electrical conductivity of alloys after different heat treatments was increased with the aging time increasing identically. The conductivity of T6 ZM51 alloy is lower than that of T5 treatment alloy, and the conductivity of alloy with two-stage aging is higher than that of alloys with single-stage aging. In the two-stage aging, the time of pre-aging at low temperature formed dense GP zones which can serve as the nucleation core of the β1’ phases, and the formed β1’ phases are more diffuse and fine, and the scattering of free electrons are lower. The electrical conductivity of the alloy increased first and then reduced with the increase of the pre-aging time, and the reason is that the alloys form a more diffuse GP zones after pre-aging for 32h, which can be used as the heterogeneous nucleation core of β1’ phases, so that the precipitation of the β1’ phases are more finely dispersed, thereby increasing the scattering capacity of free electrons.

In this paper, with the help of optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and mechanical testing machine, the microstructures of ZT63-xCu (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5wt.%) magnesium alloys were investigated and their mechanical properties were explored. It was found that the structure of as-cast alloys presented a typical dendrite morphology. The eutectic structure was refined by the addition of a certain amount of Cu, When Cu content continued to increase, the volume fraction of the eutectic structure increased and its continuity enhanced. The alloy without Cu addition was composed of α -Mg, MgZn2 and Mg2Sn phases. With the addition of Cu elements, MgZnCu phase was formed in the alloy, in addition to α-Mg, MgZn2 and Mg2Sn phases. With the increase of Cu content, the volume fraction of MgZnCu phase increased, and the proportion of MgZn2 phase gradually decreased. ZT63 alloy had the best matching of mechanical properties, its tensile strength and yield strength were 231Mpa and 80Mpa respectively, and the elongation reached 14.5%. With the increase of Cu, the mechanical properties of the alloys declined. When the Cu content is 1.5wt.%, tensile strength of the alloy decreased to 174Mpa, and the elongation was only 7%. The reduction of mechanical properties was related to the increase of MgZnCu phase.

The hot deformation behavior of Mg-12Gd-1MM-0.6Zr (wt.%) magnesium alloy was tested by Gleeble-1500D hot simulator with reduction of 60% and strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s−1 at the temperature range from 753 to 793 K. The results show that the flow stress is influenced by both, temperatures and strain rates. At constant temperatures, flow stress is increased with strain rate, while at constant strain rates, it decreased with temperature. The constitutive equation of Mg-12Gd-1MM-0.6Zr alloy during hot compression was constructed by the linear regression analysis. Average activation energy and stress exponent were 227.94 kJ/mol and 2.87, respectively. The processing map was plotted and analyzed via the dynamic material model. The most proper ranges for hot deformation temperature and strain rate were found to be 763 to 783 K and 0.01 to 0.1 s−1, respectively.

An all-sky airglow imager (ASAI) was installed at Xinglong, in northern China (40.2° N, 117.4° E) in November 2009 to study the morphology of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. Using one year of OH airglow imager data from December 2009 to November 2010, the characteristics of short-period AGWs are investigated and a yearlong AGW climatology in northern China is first ever reported. AGW occurrence frequency in summer and winter is higher than that in equinoctial months. Observed bands mainly have horizontal wavelengths from 10 to 35 km, observed periods from 4 to 14 min and observed horizontal phase speeds in the range of 30 to 60 m s−1. Most of the bands propagate in the meridional direction. The propagation directions of the bands show a strong southwestward preference in winter, while almost all bands propagate northeastward in summer. Although the wind filtering in the middle atmosphere may control AGW propagations in the zonal direction, the non-uniform distribution of wave sources in the lower atmosphere may contribute to the anisotropy in the meridional direction in different seasons. Additionally, as an indication of local instability, the characteristics of ripples are also analyzed. It also shows seasonal variations, occurring more often in summer and winter and mainly moving westward in summer and eastward in winter.

Due to the high performance in trapped magnetic field, critical current density, REBa2Cu3O7-δ(RE123 or REBCO, RE=rare earth elements, Gd, Y, Nd, etc.) bulk high temperature superconductors (HTS) have attracted lots of attentions. GdBCO superconductor bulk with 25 mm diameter and the additive of Gd3ZrO7 particles has been successfully fabricated by top-seeded infiltration and growth (TSIG) method. YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123) particles have been used as the liquid source, which provide enough the liquid source during the growth.The GdBCO bulk is a clear fourfold single domain with a four square around seed crystal, which is similar with the additive of the particles include Zr ions. The shape of the trapped field for the GdBCO bulk with 0.8%mol is a conical structure with 0.56T, which indicates the high performance of GdBCO bulk. The critical current density of B1 near the edge shows the maximum value. Gd3ZrO7 doping provides enough Gd ions to form Gd211 particles, which enhance JC near the edge of the bulks. The onset TC value increases to 95.5K and keeps the superconducting properties. The experimental data is useful for the industrial applications of the high-temperature superconductor bulk.

The battery frame stent structure is a significant part for a commercial vehicle, which often suffers from fatigue damage. In order to solve this problem, the principle of structural vibration fatigue analysis is discussed and the vibration fatigue of the battery frame stent structure is studied in this paper. Prompting acceleration of the stent and strain time history of the dangerous points are obtained by carrying out the load collection test under specific road conditions. Through the analysis of the strain at the dangerous points, the maximum stress and weak parts are obtained, which provides a reference for the fatigue life analysis. The fatigue damage distribution of stent is got out by carrying out stent vibration fatigue analysis based on Dirlik model and acquired prompting acceleration PSD spectrum. After user feedback, the predicted position and life are more consistent with the actual situation.

A convenient and feasible load collection technology for 5 ton loader working device is proposed in this paper. Based on the force characteristics of the working device and mechanics theory, the theoretical calculation model of external load is established. Firstly, the static load test shows that the relative error of the load value between the theoretical calculation and the actual apply is less than 5%. Then, the loader is subjected to the dynamic load test under a typical clay material. The external load values are obtained based on the theoretical calculation model and Adams dynamic simulation. The results show that the external load values between calculation and the simulation are basically the same. This proves that the load collection system is credible, which can provide the basic data for the structural design and the bench test and the fatigue analysis of the loader working device.

Lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion (LIDP) is a frequently occurring disease and 10-20% of patients require surgical treatment. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and mini-incision surgery are currently the most common surgeries for patients. To analyze the efficacy of PTED and mini-incision surgery in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion, this study selected 216 patients with LIDP who were admitted to the hospital between February 2014 and June 2015. The subjects were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 108 each. Patients in the observation groups were treated by PTED, while patients in the control group were treated by mini-incision surgery, and treatment efficacy of the two groups was observed. The results demonstrated that the duration of surgery and length of hospital stay of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group, the intraoperative blood loss of the observation group was significantly less than that of the control group and the size of surgical incision of the observation group was much smaller than that of the control group (P less than 0.05). As to clinical efficacy, in accordance with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, results of the observation group were superior to those of the control group at 3 months after surgery (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, treating patients with LIDP through PTED can significantly improve treatment efficacy, shorten surgical and healing time and relieve pain. This therapy is worth clinical promotion.

Plant-derived flavonoids contain large amount of compounds with pharmacological effects. In this study, we showed the compound Kaempferol to have robust antiviral activity against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) replication in vitro. Kaempferol at a concentration of 100 μmol/l completely inhibited viral replication in MDBK cells. It mainly affects the viral replication at the post-entry stages. The inhibition of Akt signaling is a potential mechanism underlying the antiviral effect of Kaempferol. In addition, at a concentration of 25 and 50 μmol/l Kaempferol could significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) in human promonocytic U937 cells-derived macrophages (dU937) in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Overall, our results indicated that Kaempferol provides a potent protection against BoHV-1 infection and LPS-induced inflammatory response.