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Los rasgos discretos presentes en el esternón y la columna vertebral son herramientas valiosas para el estudio de las relaciones biológicas entre poblaciones y sus tendencias microevolutivas. Sin embargo, hay dificultad para identificarlos debido a la variedad de nombres y definiciones en la literatura. A pesar de las publicaciones que describen sus diferencias fenotípicas, no hay estudios que describan toda su variabilidad dentro de una misma población.., The discrete traits present in the sternum and spine are valuable tools for the study of biological relationships between populations and their microevolutionary trends. However, there is difficulty in identifying them due to the variety of names and definitions in the literature. Despite the publications that describe their phenotypic differences, there are no studies that describe all their variability within the same population...

Introduction: Compassion Fatigue (CF) refers to the emotional exhaustion experienced by healthcare professionals who care for patients with emotional problems and/or in situations of suffering. This condition is common among cancer patients, and it is important to understand how it affects the oncologists who treat them. Objective: To assess the level of CF among senior Medical and Radiation Oncology physicians in Catalonia and to determine if there is a common profile among those who experience it. Method: Descriptive study. A total of 105 oncologists participated: 36 men (34.3%) and 69 women (65.7%). The sample included 76 specialists in Medical Oncology (72.4%) and 29 in Radiation Oncology (27.6%). An online survey was used to collect demographic, professional, and personal data. CF was assessed using the ProQoL-IV questionnaire, which includes three subscales: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress. Results: No significant differences were observed in the ProQOL subscales based on gender, specialty, marital status, or age. However, professionals with less than 10 years of experience and those with prior psychological or psychopharmacological treatment reported lower Compassion Satisfaction. Prior psychological treatment was more common among women and professionals with less than 5 years of experience, and it was associated with higher scores on the Burnout subscale. Conclusions: Compassion Satisfaction is lower among oncologists with fewer years of experience and those who have previously undergone psychological treatment., Introducción: La Fatiga por Compasión (FC) se refiere al agotamiento emocional que experimentan los profesionales sanitarios que atienden a pacientes con problemas emocionales y/o en situaciones de sufrimiento. Esta condición es frecuente entre los pacientes oncológicos, y es importante entender cómo afecta a los oncólogos que los atienden. Objetivo: Valorar el nivel de FC que muestran médicos Adjuntos/as de Oncología Médica y Radioterápica en Cataluña y determinar si existe un perfil común a quienes la experimentan. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Participaron 105 oncólogos/as: 36 hombres (34,3%) y 69 mujeres (65,7%). La muestra incluía 76 especialistas en Oncología Médica (72,4%) y 29 en Oncología Radioterápica (27,6%). Se utilizó una encuesta online para recopilar datos demográficos, profesionales y personales. La FC se evaluó mediante el cuestionario ProQoL-IV que incluye tres subescalas: Satisfacción con la Compasión, Burnout, y Estrés Traumático Secundario. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas en las subescalas del ProQOL según género, especialidad, estado civil o edad. Sin embargo, los profesionales con menos de 10 años de experiencia y aquellos con tratamiento psicológico o psicofarmacológico previo presentan menor Satisfacción con la Compasión. El haber recibido tratamiento psicológico previo se da con mayor frecuencia en mujeres y en profesionales con menos de 5 años de experiencia, y se relaciona con una mayor puntuación en la subescala de Burnout. Conclusiones: La Satisfacción con la Compasión es menor entre los oncólogos/as con menos años de experiencia y entre los/las que han recibido anteriormente algún tipo de tratamiento psicológico.

The article examines the perception of students in the Bachelor's Degree in Early Childhood Education regarding the "Flipped Classroom" teaching-learning model. The study was conducted at Sagrada Familia University during the academic year 2023/2024. Research objectives encompass analyzing whether the "Flipped Classroom" work system leads to significant levels of motivation in students, as well as assessing the effectiveness of the model in enhancing continuous learning throughout the semester. Likewise, the acquisition of cross-cutting competencies outlined in the course syllabus is also evaluated. To gather data, a validated ad hoc questionnaire consisting of 15 assessment questions on key aspects such as motivation, understanding, autonomy, competencies, and learning effectiveness was administered. The results revealed a favorable evaluation by students regarding the level attained in fundamental cross-cutting competencies, highlighting the contribution of the "Flipped Classroom" to the development of creativity. Despite an overall positive assessment, areas for improvement were identified in specific competencies such as critical thinking and oral and written expression. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the "Flipped Classroom" in promoting motivation and continuous learning but also indicate the need for adjustments to strengthen certain skills., El artículo analiza la percepción de los estudiantes del Grado en Educación Infantil sobre el modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje "Flipped Classroom". El estudio se llevó a cabo en el contexto Centro Universitario Sagrada Familia durante el curso 2023/2024. Los objetivos de la investigación incluyen analizar si el sistema de trabajo basado en el "Flipped Classroom" desemboca en niveles significativos de motivación en los estudiantes, así como evaluar la eficacia del modelo en la mejora del aprendizaje continuo a lo largo del cuatrimestre. Del mismo modo, también se evalúa la adquisición de competencias transversales establecidas en la guía docente de la asignatura. Para recopilar los datos, se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc validado que constaba de 15 preguntas de valoración sobre aspectos clave como motivación, comprensión, autonomía, competencias y eficacia en el aprendizaje. Los resultados revelaron una evaluación favorable de los estudiantes con respecto al nivel alcanzado en competencias transversales fundamentales, destacando la contribución del "Flipped Classroom" al desarrollo de la creatividad. Aunque se observó una valoración positiva en general, se identificaron áreas de mejora en competencias específicas como el pensamiento crítico y la expresión oral y escrita. Estos hallazgos sugieren la efectividad del "Flipped Classroom" en la promoción de la motivación y el aprendizaje continuo, pero también señalan la necesidad de ajustes para fortalecer ciertas habilidades.

El propósito del Trabajo Final de Grado que se presenta a continuación es transmitir los conocimientos adquiridos en la empresa Otécnica Arquitectónica S.L.P.U. Durante este período, he participado en varios proyectos y obras, centrándome principalmente en la gestión de dirección de ejecución de obra, gestión de proyecto y soporte documental, formalizando el desarrollo de documentación, mediciones, delineación y seguimiento de control de calidad, los cuales están detallados en el presente documento. Otécnica Arquitectónica es una empresa formada por arquitectos técnicos que se dedica a la dirección de ejecución de obra, al seguimiento de control de calidad y a la realización de estudios de seguridad y salud. La empresa consta de oficina técnica, donde se realizan todas las gestiones. Al unirme a la empresa, comencé en el departamento de oficina técnica, desempeñando principalmente el rol de soporte documental y ayudante de los arquitectos técnicos internos de la empresa. Esto implicaba brindar apoyo constante en diversas tareas, asumiendo incluso responsabilidades delegadas por los técnicos. En los proyectos en los que he sido partícipe he podido concienciarme de los procedimientos que se utilizan durante todo su desarrollo, identificar sus puntos débiles y proporcionar soluciones para mejorarlos y optimizarlos. De esta forma, y teniendo en cuenta que he tratado diferentes obras, he desempeñado trabajos muy variados que van desde la gestión de la documentación de materiales de obra, hasta la realización de partes de inspección generados a través de visitas a la obra. El trabajo que sigue está estructurado en distintos capítulos. En primer lugar, se ofrece una descripción de la empresa Otécnica Arquitectónica S.L.P.U, incluyendo una descripción del equipo y de las metodologías de trabajo, así como también haciendo una introducción general de las actividades que he llevado a cabo en la empresa. Seguidamente, se detallan las obras más significativas en las que he traba

The aim of this study is to explore the potential of using biomass-ash waste as a secondary raw material for building composites. The waste is generated by a thermal power plant that burns woody biomass and would otherwise be disposed of in landfills. The study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum-based composites containing different proportions of biomass-ash waste and compares them with the reference and regulatory documents. The study also proposes some possible building applications for the optimal composite and evaluates its performance through simulations. The results indicate that adding up to 25% wood ash can improve the mechanical strength of the composites, exceeding the reference and minimum requirements. The proposed building applications using the new composite reach a reduction in the environmental impact and an improvement in the energy efficiency of the building envelope.

Huge amounts of waste are generated each year in the world. In addition, the construction sector is one of the larger producers of residues and a huge energy consumer. Thus, architects, engineers and other actors of the building sector should give solutions in order to reduce that problem. In that sense, the idea of finding solutions for the end of the service life of materials, in order to promote circularity, has been studied by several researchers. In this study, biomass wood ash has been used as aggregate for the generation of new eco-efficient gypsum plasters, for its application in new buildings and rehabilitation works. In order to conduct an exhaustive characterization of the new composites, an experimental campaign of the plasters has been conducted: dry bulk density and thermal conductivity of the plasters have been measured. The results showed that it was possible to add up to 25% of wood ash without modifying the water/gypsum ratios. Moreover, thermal conductivity of the plasters has improved up to18% when the ash was added to the mixture. Finally, the effects of using the new gypsum composites in the thermal envelope of buildings was analyzed by its usage in a rehabilitation case study simulation.

Referencias bibliográficas: • Agudelo, D., Buela-Casal, G. & Spielberger, Ch.D. (2007). Ansiedad y depresión, el problema de la diferenciación a través de los síntomas. Salud mental, 30(2), 33-41. • Albarracín, D. (2008). El carácter sanitario de la Psicología en el ámbito militar. Entrevista al Jefe de la Unidad de Psicología de la IGESAN. INFOCOP, 39, 21-24. • Altenmüller, E., Marco-Pallares, J., Münte, T. F., & Schneider, S. (2009). Neural reorganization underlies improvement in stroke-induced motor dysfunction by music- supported therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169, 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04580.x • Alvarán López, S. M., López, Bedoya Mejía, S., Henao Valencia, M. C., Velasquez Correa, J. C., & Grisales Romero, H. (2020). Prevalencia de depresión en soldados regulares de un batallón de una ciudad colombiana, 2017. Revista Médica de Risaralda, 26 (1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.22517/25395203.21921 • Arnáiz, M. (2015). La interpretación musical y la ansiedad escénica: validación de un instrumento de diagnóstico y su aplicación en los estudiantes españoles de Conservatorio Superior de Música [Tesis doctoral, Universidad da Coruña]. • Bardera, M. P., García-Silgo, M., & Pastor, A. (2014). Gestión de estrés en las fuerzas armadas. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos (IEEE), 4, 1-24. • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893 • Beck, A. T. & Steer, R. (1993). Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. Psychological Corporation. • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory- Il. Psychological Corporation. • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (2011). Manual. BDI-II. Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (J. Sanz y C. Vázquez, adaptadores) [Manual. BDI-II. Beck Depression Inv, Diferentes estudios muestran que dos grupos tan diferentes como los militares y los músicos suelen manifestar altos niveles de ansiedad y depresión. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es medir estas variables clínicas en músicos militares comparándolo con músicos civiles. La muestra está compuesta por 266 músicos, representada al cincuenta por ciento por músicos militares y civiles provenientes de todo el territorio nacional. Para medir los niveles de ansiedad y depresión se utilizaron el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI). Los resultados muestran una relación directa entre la ansiedad y la depresión en el total de la muestra y en ambos grupos, encontrando que los músicos militares puntúan más alto que los civiles en ambas variables, y que en el ámbito militar afecta el escalafón, siendo la tropa la que presenta niveles más elevados en ansiedad y especialmente en depresión., Different studies show that two groups as different as militaries and musicians usually demonstrate high levels of anxiety and depression. So, the objective of this study is measuring these clinics variables in military musicians comparing with civil musicians. The sample is composed of 266 musicians, represented fifty percent by military and civilian coming from all over the national territory. To measure the levels of anxiety and depression were used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results show a direct relationship between anxiety and depression in the sample total and in both groups, finding that military musicians score higher than civilians in both variables, and that in the military sphere it affects the Ladder, being the troop that presents higher levels of anxiety and especially depression., Depto. de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Fac. de Educación, TRUE, pub

Distinguishing trauma from heat-induced fractures is a challenge faced by forensic anthropologists and pathologists during medicolegal investigations in which fire has been used by the perpetrators to destroy evidence. This paper aims to validate the provided identification features to distinguish between fire induced alterations and sharp force trauma. A total of 80 cremated adult individuals were used in this paper: 3 recently deceased embalmed cadavers from Cementerio Sur de Madrid for the sharp force trauma experiment in which 55 pre-burning injuries were inflicted using a machete and a serrated knife in different anatomical regions. And 77 cremated individuals from the Forensic Anthropology and Odontology Laboratory osteological collection. Five cremated long bones from this collection were selected, and 10 cuts were manually inflicted using a serrated knife to analyse post-burning trauma. Heat-induced changes and trauma morphologic characteristics were thus documented and analysed. The examination and documentation of morphological traits enabled the production of a heat-induced changes visual guide and a flow-chart. Two intraclass correlation tests were performed to validate the capacity of the observer to distinguish between fire related alterations and toolmarks. The results obtained in the statistical analysis indicate that, even if the toolmarks are visible and recognizable upon macroscopic observation by the observers, some features, such as the step and the transverse fractures can be mistaken with inflicted trauma. The use of the proposed features coupled with careful anthropological examination is recommended and has been found functional for participants with no prior knowledge in the analysis of cremated remains., Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Referencias bibliográficas: • Almenta, E., García Robles, M., González Duro, E. (1994). Factores terapéuticos en dinámica grupal. Revista Asociación Española Neuropsiquiatría, 14, 47-48. • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. • Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Carlbring, P., Riper, H. y Hedman, E. (2014). Guided Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Psychiatry 13(3), 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/ wps.20151 • Barak, A., Klein, B. y Proudfoot, J. G. (2009). Defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 4-17. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12160 • Blaszczynski, A. y McConaghy, N. (1989). Anxiety and/or depression in the pathogesis of addictive gambling. International Journal of the Addictions, 24(4), 337-350. https://doi. org/10.3109/10826088909047292 • Czalbowski, S., Bastos A. y Roperti, E. (2014). Psicoanálisis a distancia: reflexiones en torno al tratamiento en un tiempo globalizado, tecnológico y conectado a través de Internet. Revista de psicoterapia psicoanalítica y salud, 14(1). • David, D., Cristea, I., y Hofmann, S.G. (2018). Why Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Is the Current Gold Standard of Psychotherapy. Frontiers in psychiatry, 9, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00004 • Díaz Portillo, I. (2000). Bases de la terapia de grupo. Mexico: Ed. Pax México • Douma, M., Scholten, L., Maurice-Stam, H. y Grootenhuis, M. (2018). Online cognitive-behavioral based group interventions for adolescents with chronic illness and parents: study protocol of two multicenter randomized controlled trials. BMC Pediatrics, 18, (1). https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1216-6 • Echeburúa, E. y Corral, P. (1994). Adicciones psicológicas: más allá de la metáfora. Clínica y, En los últimos años el uso de las tecnologías en el ámbito de la psicoterapia está en un creci-miento continuo, por lo que resulta fundamental investigar sobre sus ventajas y limitaciones.Producto de la actual pandemia y de la importancia que está adquiriendo la teleterapia comoalternativa terapéutica, surge el objetivo de este trabajo que es revisar la literatura científicaexistente sobre la terapia de grupo online para las adicciones en general y en el juego pato-lógico en particular, además de trasladar nuestra propia experiencia de terapia grupal, onliney en vivo en el campo del juego patológico. Se han realizado búsquedas en las bases de datosPsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed y Web of Science, en las que se examinaron los resultadospublicados desde enero de 2010 hasta agosto de 2020 combinando diferentes descriptores.Tras realizar dichas búsquedas los resultados encontrados mostraron que en la actualidad noexisten trabajos que investiguen la terapia de grupo online en vivo como modalidad terapéu-tica en el ámbito de las adicciones, en dichas bases de datos y con los descriptores utilizados.Por ello, ante la ausencia de literatura científica relacionada con el tema a tratar, se proponenuna serie de cuestiones a considerar en futuras investigaciones basadas en la experienciarecogida en las terapias de grupo online en vivo con jugadores patológicos desarrolladaspor la Asociación de Psicoterapeutas para el Estudio de las Adicciones Psicológicas ante lanecesidad de distancia social producto de la pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2., In recent years the use of technologies in the field of psychotherapy has been growing con-tinuously, this rapid development creates the need of evaluate its advantages and limitations intherapy. As a result of the current pandemic and the importance that teletherapy is acquiring asa therapeutic alternative, the goal of this paper is to carry out a review of the existing scientificliterature on internet-based group intervention in addictions and in pathological gambling in par-ticular. Additionally, experience from the authors on group intervention (internet and live) willbe described and used as a resource for conclusions. Searches have been carried out in the da-tabases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science, in which the results published fromJanuary 2010 to August 2020 were examined by combining different descriptors. After perform-ing these searches, the results found showed that there are currently no published paper thatresearch group therapy live online as a therapeutic modality in the field of addiction, in those da-tabases with the descriptors used. For this purpose, in the absence of scientific literature relatedto the subject, some ideas are proposed in this paper to be considered for future research, basedon the experience gathered in the group therapy live online with players pathological developedby the Association of Psychotherapists for the Study of Addiction Psychological response to theneed for social distance product of the pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2., Depto. de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Fac. de Educación, TRUE, pub

During a homicide investigation in which fire has been used to reduce the size of the cadaver and conceal the evidence of injuries, the identification of perimortem trauma presents a challenge, in particular in cases when the perpetrator has dismembered the body followed by burning the remains. It is therefore important to understand the effects which heat causes on fresh bone. The aim of this paper is to perform a pilot study on the survival ratio of toolmarks in different anatomical regions associated with dismemberment, and a descriptive analysis of the variables that may potentially influence the post-burning survival and detection. To achieve this, three donated embalmed cadavers were used to simulate a case in which an attempted dismemberment and burning had occurred. Fifty-five pre-burning injuries were manually induced: 30 using a machete to inflict chopping trauma, and 25 with a serrated bread knife to inflict sharp force trauma, on the thigh, knee, ankle and wrist. The cadavers were cremated in a furnace at Madrid's Cementerio Sur and the burnt remains were analysed at the Laboratorio de Antropología y Odontología Forense of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Not all pre-burning injuries inflicted were visible after the cremation process; only 13% were detected in this experiment. Toolmarks can be masked, modified, destroyed or overlooked from the outset of the procedure due to several factors which influence the post-burning survival and detection of toolmarks and contribute to conceal the evidence of trauma. Additional research should be done to study further variables which affect the post-burning visibility of sharp force trauma., Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Pre- and postnatal development and variability in discrete vertebral traits have been poorly described in embryonic studies. Numerous authors have reported that these variations are observable only from adolescence; scientific publications on the vertebrae of fetuses and infants are scarce. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) describe the ontogeny and variability of anatomical variations in the vertebral column of a Spanish infant population and (2) analyze the frequency and relationship between sex, age, and intertrait variables. A total of 4728 vertebrae from 197 skeletons were studied. The age at death ranged from 22 intrauterine weeks to 8 years. Twenty morphological traits related to vertebral column development were analyzed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the chi-square test was used to measure the relationship between sex, age, and intertrait variables. We observed that 88.32% of skeletons expressed discrete traits along the spine. In fetuses, the double transverse foramen and unclosed transverse process of the axis were the most prevalent traits. In infants older than one year, the appearance of the L5 cleft neural arch, unclosed transverse process of the atlas, and craniocaudal shifts were frequent. A significant result was found between sex and the unclosed transverse process in the axis. The intertrait relationship was significant for all traits that shared the same embryonic structure. Morphological variations became visible following the appearance of ossification centers during the pre- and postnatal periods, and their etiology was associated with embryonic development., Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

This experimental study provides a further understanding of the post-burning nature of sharp force trauma. The main objective is to analyse the distortion that fire may inflict on the length, width, roughness, and floor shape morphology of toolmarks induced by four different implements. To this end, four fresh juvenile pig long bones were cut with a bread knife, a serrated knife, a butcher machete, and a saw. A total of 120 toolmarks were induced and the bone samples were thus burnt in a chamber furnace. The lesions were analysed with a 3D optical surface roughness metre before and after the burning process. Afterwards, descriptive statistics and correlation tests (Student's t-test and analysis of variance) were performed. The results show that fire exposure can distort the signatures of sharp force trauma, but they remain recognisable and identifiable. The length decreased in size and the roughness increased in a consistent manner. The width did not vary for the saw, serrated knife, or machete toolmarks, while the bread knife lesions slightly shrunk. The floor shape morphology varied after burning, and this change became more noticeable for the three knives. It was also observed that the metrics of the serrated knife and machete cut marks showed no significant variations. Our results demonstrate that there is a variation in the toolmark characteristics after burning. This distortion is dependent on multiple factors that influence their dimensional and morphological changes, and the preservation of class features is directly reliant upon the weapon employed, the trauma caused, and the burning process conditions., Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Refractoriness to induction therapy and relapse after complete remission are the leading causes of death in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This study focussed on the prediction of response to standard induction therapy and outcome of patients with AML using a combined strategy of mutational profiling by next-generation sequencing (NGS, n = 190) and ex vivo PharmaFlow testing (n = 74) for the 10 most widely used drugs for AML induction therapy, in a cohort of adult patients uniformly treated according to Spanish PETHEMA guidelines. We identified an adverse mutational profile (EZH2, KMT2A, U2AF1 and/or TP53 mutations) that carries a greater risk of death [hazard ratio (HR): 3 29, P < 0 0001]. A high correlation was found between the ex vivo PharmaFlow results and clinical induction response (69%). Clinical correlation analysis showed that the pattern of multiresistance revealed by ex vivo PharmaFlow identified patients with a high risk of death (HR: 2 58). Patients with mutation status also ran a high risk (HR 4 19), and the risk was increased further in patients with both adverse profiles (HR 4 82). We have developed a new score based on NGS and ex vivo drug testing for AML patients that improves upon current prognostic risk stratification and allows clinicians to tailor treatments to minimise drug resistance., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CRIS against Cancer foundation, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub