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Calcium (Ca) is often supplied to crop species to prevent the occurrence of Ca–related disorders. Mechanisms of Ca absorption and transport are not fully understood and the effectiveness of root and/or foliar Ca fertilization may be variable. To characterize the rate of Ca absorption and transport, trials were developed with chili pepper and sweet cherry plants, using 45CaCl2 as a tracer. The Ca treatments supplied were: (1) No 45Ca (control); (2) 45Ca soil application; (3) 45Ca supply to basal leaves, and (4) 45Ca application to apical leaves. After two months, plants were harvested for biomass and Ca content determination. The recovery of 45Ca in different plant parts was measured with a liquid scintillation counter and leaf traits were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. In general, the highest 45Ca concentrations were recovered in treated organs, while root applications led to highest 45Ca translocation rates, which varied between chili pepper and cherry plants. For chili pepper, 45Ca applied to the soil was detected mainly in roots (44 %) followed by leaves (36.6 %) stems (17.4 %) and fruits (2 %). In sweet cherry trees, soil–applied 45Ca was principally recovered in roots (45.3 %), shoots (28.5 %), leaves (14.3 %) and trunks (11.9 %). The results provide evidence of increased absorption of root–applied Ca, as well as different degrees of Ca mobility between species. Foliar application led to major Ca increases in treated leaves, with Ca transported to other plant organs after apical leaf Ca supply chiefly in cherry trees.

This work provides a screening of organic contaminants and characterization of the dissolved organic matter in the sewer network until the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), identifying the network areas with a higher degree of contamination and their impact on the WWTP performance, particularly in the activated sludge reactor. Three monitoring campaigns were carried out at six selected locations of the sewage system (PVZ-1, PVZ-2, PS-F, PS-VC, CP-VC, and PS-T), influent (WWTPINF) and effluent (WWTPEFF) of the WWTP. Advanced analytical techniques were employed, namely excitation/emission matrix fluorescence-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon detector (SEC-OCD), and liquid chromatography with high-resolution-mass spectrometric detection (LC-HRMS). EEM-PARAFAC showed higher fluorescence intensity for the protein-like component (C2), particularly at CP-VC (near seafood industries) associated with the presence of surfactants (~50 mg/L). SEC-OCD highlighted the WWTP efficiency in removing low molecular weight acids and neutrals. LC-HRMS tentatively identified 108 compounds of emerging concern (CEC) and similar detection patterns were obtained for all wastewater samples, except for PVZ-2 (lower detection), many of which occurred in the effluent. Eight CECs included on relevant Watch-Lists were detected in all WWTPEFF samples. Furthermore, 111 surfactants were detected, the classes more frequently found being alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS). The continuous presence of LAS and NPEOs allied to surfactants concentrations in the WWTPINF of 15–20 mg/L, with CP-VC location (linked with food industries) as an important contributor, explain the morphological changes in the activated sludge and high LAS content in the dewatered sludge, which may have impacted WWTP performance. i) Base-UIDB/50020/2020 and Programmatic-UIDP/50020/2020 Funding of LSRE-LCM, funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); ii) European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal Programme (POCTEP) 2014–2020 (ref. 0725_NOR_WATER_1_P); iii) Xunta de Galicia (Verónica Castro predoctoral contract: ED481A-2017/156, and ED431C2017/36), the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación – MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (ref. PID2020-117686RB-C32); iv) NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000069 (Healthy Waters) co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement. The authors also acknowledge Águas do Norte, S.A. for supporting the development of this work. Daniela F.S. Morais acknowledges her Ph.D. scholarship supported by FCT (SFRH/BD/146476/2019). Bianca M. Souza Chaves gratefully acknowledges her postdoctoral scholarship supported by CNPq through the Science Without Borders Program (Process No. 201989/2014-0). Vítor J.P. Vilar acknowledges the FCT Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017 (CEECIND/01317/2017) SI

© 2020 by the authors., Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in suppressing the immunosurveillance function of the immune system that prevents tumor growth. Indeed, macrophages can also be targeted by different chemotherapeutic agents improving the action over immune checkpoints to fight cancer. Here we describe the effect of trabectedin and lurbinectedin on human macrophage cell viability and function. Methods: Blood monocytes from healthy donors were differentiated into macrophages and exposed to different stimuli promoting functional polarization and differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages. Cells were challenged with the chemotherapeutic drugs and the effects on cell viability and function were analyzed. Results: Human macrophages exhibit at least two different profiles in response to these drugs. One-fourth of the blood donors assayed (164 individuals) were extremely sensitive to trabectedin and lurbinectedin, which promoted apoptotic cell death. Macrophages from other individuals retained viability but responded to the drugs increasing reactive oxygen production and showing a rapid intracellular calcium rise and a loss of mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Cell-membrane exposure of programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) significantly decreased after treatment with therapeutic doses of these drugs, including changes in the gene expression profile of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)-dependent genes, among other. Conclusions: The results provide evidence of additional onco-therapeutic actions for these drugs., This research was supported by the Ministerio Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SAF2017-82436-R/RTC2017-6283-1 and PID2019-108674RB-100), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CB16/11/00222), PharmaMar (contract 164249), Fundación Ramón Areces (CIUP18A3864), Consorcio de Investigación en Red de la Comunidad de Madrid, S2017/BMD-3686 and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional.

International audience; Animal venoms are rich in hundreds of toxins with extraordinary biological activities. Their exploitation is difficult due to their complexity and the small quantities of venom available from most venomous species. We developed a Venomics approach combining transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of 191 species and identified 20,206 venom toxin sequences. Two complementary production strategies based on solid-phase synthesis and recombinant expression in Escherichia coli generated a physical bank of 3597 toxins. Screened on hMC4R, this bank gave an incredible hit rate of 8%. Here, we focus on two novel toxins: N-TRTX-Preg1a, exhibiting an inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) motif, and N-BUTX-Ptr1a, a short scorpion-CSαβ structure. Neither N-TRTX-Preg1a nor N-BUTX-Ptr1a affects ion channels, the known targets of their toxin scaffolds, but binds to four melanocortin receptors with low micromolar affinities and activates the hMC1R/Gs pathway. Phylogenetically, these two toxins form new groups within their respective families and represent novel hMC1R agonists, structurally unrelated to the natural agonists.

Microbial processing of aggregate-unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long-term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus nine essential macro- and micro-nutrients) on decomposition and biochemical transformation of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents. Addition of multiple nutrients weakly but consistently increased decomposition and biochemical transformation of plant remains during the peak-season, concurrent with changes in microbial exoenzymatic activity. Higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were the main climatic drivers of higher decomposition rates, while biochemical transformation of plant remains was negatively related to temperature of the wettest quarter. Nutrients enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential for microbial processing of plant remains. Fil: Ochoa Hueso, Raúl. Universidad de Cádiz; España Fil: Borer, Elizabeth. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Seabloom, Eric. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Hobbie, Sarah E.. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Risch, Anita C.. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; Suiza Fil: Collins, Scott L.. University of New Mexico; Estados Unidos Fil: Alberti, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Bahamonde, Héctor Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Brown, Cynthia S.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Caldeira, Maria C.. Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Portugal Fil: Daleo, Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Dickman, Chris R.. University of Sydney; Australia Fil: Ebeling, Anne. Universitat Jena; Alemania Fil: Eisenhauer, Nico. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Universitat Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Esch, Ellen H.. University Of Guelph. Department Of Integrative Biology.; Canadá Fil: Eskelinen, Anu. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania. University of Oulu; Finlandia Fil: Fernández, Victoria. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; España Fil: Güsewell, Sabine. Institute of Integrative Biology; Suiza Fil: Gutierrez Larruga, Blanca. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; España Fil: Hofmockel, Kirsten. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos Fil: Laungani, Ramesh. Doane University; Estados Unidos Fil: Lind, Eric. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: López, Andrea. University of New Mexico; Estados Unidos Fil: McCulley, Rebecca L.. University of Kentucky; Estados Unidos Fil: Moore, Joslin L.. Monash University; Australia Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentina Fil: Power, Sally A.. University of Western Sydney; Australia Fil: Price, Jodi N.. Charles Sturt University; Australia Fil: Prober, Suzanne M.. Csiro National Collections And Marine Infrastructure; Australia Fil: Roscher, Christiane. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. University of Oulu; Finlandia Fil: Velasco Ayuso, Sergio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina

Background: Hygroscopic salts are often applied as foliar fertilizers and calcium (Ca) salts have been used as model for cuticular permeability studies, with focus on their Point of Deliquescence (POD). Aim: This study was aimed at characterizing water sorption and desorption processes at 20, 30, and 40°C temperature (T), of two model Ca salts commonly used as foliar sprays. Methods: Trials were developed with pure Ca-chloride and Ca-nitrate salts in addition to 2 M and 150 mM Ca solutions. Salts were analyzed by Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) and climate chamber experiments. Results: For both Ca salts, water sorption and desorption processes followed hysteresis curves which varied with T. Salt POD was T-dependent and generally decreased with increasing T. For both Ca salts, the process of efflorescence began at or below 10% RH, at a certain level of water desorption Ca-salts becoming highly concentrated solutions (HCS). Conclusions: Owing to the low point of efflorescence (POE) of both salts, drops of Ca-chloride and Ca-nitrate supplied as foliar sprays will not fully dry under normal RH and T conditions in most world areas. Both Ca salts have a similarly high foliar penetration potential despite their different POD. The significance of the results for the potential absorption of foliar fertilizers and salts by the foliage is discussed under an agronomic and eco-physiological viewpoint., Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

Growing conditions at different tree canopy positions may significantly vary and lead to foliar changes even within the same tree. An assessment of foliar anatomy, including also epidermal features, can help us understand how plants respond to environmental factors. Working with two model tree species (i.e., Quercus petraea and Fagus sylvatica) grown at their southernmost European distribution area in Central Spain, the influence of irradiation and canopy height was examined by sampling lower canopy leaves and comparing them with fully irradiated, top canopy leaves and shaded top canopy leaves grown for months within a bag made of shade netting fabric before they sprouted. At the end of the summer, samples were collected, and several parameters were analysed. The results indicate that SLA (specific leaf area) differences are significant both between species and groups. Leaf and cuticle thickness differed significantly between groups while stomatal densities only between species. Regarding mineral concentrations, differences between species were significant for K, Mn, N and N: P ratios. It is concluded that leaf responses to environmental conditions may be variable both within the same tree and between species.

A 90-d feeding trial was conducted in which five groups of gilthead seabream (11.96 g initial body weight) were fed with a microalgae-free diet (control group, C) or four diets containing the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5% or 5%), either raw (R2.5 and R5 batches) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 batches), to study their effect on the body and muscle growth. At 40 days, the highest values of body length and weight were reached in R5 group, but at 64 and 90 days, these were reached in R2.5. However, feed conversion rate, specific growth, daily intake, and survival (100%) were similar in all the groups. The acquisition of a discoid body shape was accelerated depending on the inclusion level of N. gaditana in the diets. Moreover, H5 diet affected the fish geometric morphology compared to R5 diet. The white muscle transverse area was similar in all groups at 40 days, with the exception of H2.5 group, which showed the lowest area. At day 90, C and R2.5 displayed the highest muscle growth, attributable to increased hyperplasia in C, and higher hypertrophy in R2.5. However, the highest proportion of small and medium fibers was observed in R5 and H5, ALGAFISH, Evaluación de los efectos de las microalgas, incluidas en dietas de dorada, sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia y resistencia a infecciones., SI

The contribution of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein NOD1 to obesity has been investigated in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Absence of NOD1 accelerates obesity as early as 2 weeks after feeding a HFD. The obesity was due to increases in abdominal and inguinal adipose tissues. Analysis of the resting energy expenditure showed an impaired function in NOD1-deficient animals, compatible with an alteration in thyroid hormone homeostasis. Interestingly, free thyroidal T4 increased in NOD1-deficient mice fed a HFD and the expression levels of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue were significantly lower in NOD1-deficient mice than in the wild type animals eating a HFD, thus contributing to the observed adiposity in NOD1-deficient mice. Feeding a HFD resulted in an alteration of the proinflammatory profile of these animals, with an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver and in the white adipose tissue, and an elevation of the circulating levels of TNF-α. In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota in NOD1-deficient mice correlate with increased vulnerability of their ecosystem to the HFD challenge and affect the immune-metabolic phenotype of obese mice. Together, the data are compatible with a protective function of NOD1 against low-grade inflammation and obesity under nutritional conditions enriched in saturated lipids. Moreover, one of the key players of this early obesity onset is a dysregulation in the metabolism and release of thyroid hormones leading to reduced energy expenditure, which represents a new role for these hormones in the metabolic actions controlled by NOD1., This work was supported by Grants SAF2017-82436R, AGL2017-88801-P and SAF2016-75004R from MINECO/AEI/FEDER/EU, S2017/BMD-3686 from Comunidad de Madrid, CIVP18A3864 from Fundación Ramón Areces and CIBERCV and CIBERHED (funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and Fondos FEDER.

espanolEste trabajo analiza la lenta y larga evolucion de la Gaceta de Madrid. Para su redaccion, ademas de la bibliografia citada, se ha consultado la base de datos Gazeta, de la Agencia Estatal Boletin Oficial del Estado, que contiene la coleccion historica de dicha publicacion. En las transcripciones de los textos se ha respetado la ortografia de la fuente original.El 2 de abril de 1697, aparecio, por primera vez, la cabecera Gaceta de Madrid. Al igual que sus contemporaneas europeas, la gaceta espanola surgia al amparo del poder real, mediante la concesion del privilegio real de impresion, actuando como mero noticiero de los acontecimientos reales y politicos, al servicio de los intereses de la Corona. A lo largo del siglo XVIII, las gacetas modificaron sus estructuras y contenidos, su impresion dejo de estar en manos privadas para pasar a ser propiedad del Estado, convertirse en organo oficial del gobierno y empezar a publicar las disposiciones que emanaban del Rey y las Cortes; si bien dicha publicacion no era condicion, en ningun caso, para la validez y eficacia de las normas. El cambio significativo tuvo lugar durante el siglo XIX, fue entonces cuando la Gaceta de Madrid se definio por primera vez como boletin oficial nacional, y cuando la publicacion de las normas fue condicion necesaria para su obligatoriedad. EnglishThis paper analyzes the slow and long evolution of the Madrid Gazzete. For its preparation, the Gazette database has been asked, in addition to the cited bibliography. The spelling of the original source have been respected in the literal transcript of the texts.On April 2, 1697, the Madrid Gazette header appeared for the first time. Like its European contemporaries, the Spanish gazette was born under the protection of the royal power, by granting the royal privilege of printing, acting as a mere newspaper of real and political events, at the service of the Crown's interests. With the course of the 18th Century, the gazettes modified their contents and struc-tures, its impression ceased to be in private hands to become State property, became an official government newspaper and began to include provisions that emanated from the King and the Parliament, even though the publication of the rules was not a condition, in any case, for their legal validity and effec-tiveness. The significant change took place during the 19th Century, when the Madrid Gazette was first defined as a national official bulletin, and when the publication of the rules was necessary for its obligation.

Las prácticas socialmente responsables se aplican como estrategia de gestión empresarial para el bienestar de los grupos de interés o stakeholders, y contribuyen al impulso de procesos para el desarrollo sostenible (Villacís et al., 2016). El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar la relación entre las prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial del Ámbito Consumidores y la rentabilidad financiera de seis establecimientos de alojamiento de la ciudad de Cuenca. Los resultados revelaron la existencia de una relación positiva entre el Índice RSE-Consumidores y el Rendimiento sobre Ventas, y la relación entre el criterio Relacionamiento con el Cliente y el Rendimiento sobre Ventas. Finalmente, los establecimientos de alojamiento de la ciudad de Cuenca manifiestan que entre mejor sea el nivel de implementación de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, mayor es la rentabilidad financiera. Así, este estudio provee nueva información para las empresas de países en vías de desarrollo y para ciudades consideradas Patrimonio de la Humanidad

Resumen La situación de niños y niñas extranjeros no acompañados que llegan a España es una cuestión que preocupa a defensores de Derechos Humanos, dado que están en constante riesgo de exclusión social y vulnerabilidad. Este artículo de reflexión presenta una juiciosa conceptualización del término desprotección a la luz de tres instrumentos internacionales que protegen los derechos de los menores, para vincularlos posteriormente con tres casos presentados en España, que fueron ampliamente documentados por la prensa. Las conclusiones establecen algunos parámetros a tener en cuenta para trabajadoras y trabajadores sociales que se vinculan en la defensa de los Derechos de estos niños. Abstract The situation of foreign boys and girls arriving unaccompanied to Spain is a matter of concern for Human Rights advocates, given that those children are constantly exposed to social exclusion and vulnerability. This reflection article presents a careful conceptualization of the term "defenselessness" in the light of three international instruments protecting the rights of minors, in order to then relate them to three cases that occurred in Spain and were widely covered by the press. The conclusions establish a series of parameters that should be taken into account by social workers engaged in the defense of the rights of these children. Resumo A situação das crianças estrangeiras não acompanhadas que chegam a Espanha é uma questão que causa preocupação entre os defensores de Direitos Humanos, visto que estas estão constantemente sujeitas ao risco de exclusão social e vulnerabilidade. Este artigo de reflexão apresenta uma judiciosa conceitualização do termo "desproteção" à luz dos três instrumentos internacionais que protegem os direitos dos menores, ligando-os posteriormente a três casos apresentados em Espanha, que foram amplamente documentados pela imprensa. As conclusões estabelecem alguns parâmetros que devem ser tidos em conta pelos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras sociais ligadas à defesa dos Direitos das crianças.

Background Polyserositis (PS) is the inflammation, with effusion, of different serous membranes. It has been associated with different aetiologies, but the aetiology of PS remains unknown in a high percentage of patients. Aims The general objective of this retrospective study was to analyse the aetiology of PS cases seen at Son Llatzer Hospital in an 11-year period. Other objectives were to determine the epidemiological, clinical and analytical characteristics of these patients. Methods An observational, descriptive and retrospective study to analyse the aetiology of PS cases seen at Son Llatzer Hospital. The inflammation of two or more serous membranes confirmed by an imaging test was required and at least one of the serous fluid should be an exudate. Results A total of 92 patients was included in the study. The most common diagnosis was neoplasm (nearly one-third of cases) followed by infectious and autoimmune diseases. PS aetiology was unknown in more than one-third. Pleura and pericardium were the most common sites of serosal involvement (83%). Antinuclear antibodies' positivity in serum and increased levels of adenosine deaminase in pleural effusion were significantly associated with a final diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Increased pleural lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly associated with a final diagnosis of neoplasm. In 9 of 14 patients with a previous cancer, PS represented a recurrence of their cancer. Cases of unknown aetiology presented most frequently as pleural and pericardial involvement, and the majority resolved. In very few patients, an infectious aetiology could be proven. Conclusion PS is a frequent clinical entity that is associated with different diseases and its diagnosis could be challenging, with a high rate of unknown aetiologies.

Nutrient resorption is crucial for mineral element conservation and efficiency of forest species, but knowledge on its significance and the mechanisms involved is still limited for most species and habitats. Focusing on the harsh conditions for plant growth and survival of southern Patagonia, a field study for comparing the rate of foliar resorption of macro-, micro-nutrients, and trace elements in coexisting Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica forests was performed. Forests located in three contrasting productivity sites (with different soil and climatic conditions) were selected, and mature, functional versus senescent leaves of both species were collected at two different dates of the growing season. Macro- (N, P, Ca, K, S, and Mg), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ni), and trace elements (Al, Li, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, and Tl) were determined in foliar tissues. The mineral element concentrations of mature and senescent leaves were used for calculating the nutrient resorption efficiency (NuR). In general, and making an average of all sites and species, macro-nutrient resorption showed a decreasing trend for N > S = K > P > Mg, being Ca the only macro-nutrient with negative values (i.e., no resorption). Resorption of the majority of the elements did not vary between species in any of the evaluated sites. Variation across sites in nutrient resorption efficiency for most macronutrients, some micronutrients, and trace elements was observed for N. antarctica, whereas N. pumilio had a similar NuR for all experimental sites. On the other hand, regardless of the site or the species, some elements were not resorbed (e.g., B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, and Ti). It is concluded that both Nothofagus species performed similarly concerning their nutrient conservation strategy, when coexisting in the same mixed forest. However, no evidence was gained for an increased rate of foliar NuR in association with the sites subjected to more limiting soil and climatic conditions for plant growth. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Bahamonde, Héctor Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina Fil: Fernández, Victoria. Universidad Tecnológica de Madrid. School of Forest Engineering. Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group; España Fil: Gyenge, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Tandil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Mattenet, Francisco Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

© 2021 The Author(s)., Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects bacterial peptidoglycan fragments and other danger signals, has been linked to inflammatory pathologies. NOD1, which is expressed by immune and non-immune cells, is activated after recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This recognition triggers host defense responses and both immune memory and tolerance can also be achieved during these processes. Since the gut microbiota is currently considered a master regulator of human physiology central in health and disease and the intestine metabolizes a wide range of nutrients, drugs and hormones, it is a fact that dysbiosis can alter tissues and organs homeostasis. These systemic alterations occur in response to gastrointestinal immune adaptations that are not yet fully understood. Even if previous evidence confirms the connection between the microbiota, the immune system and metabolic disorders, much remains to be discovered about the contribution of NOD1 to low-grade inflammatory pathologies such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This review compiles the most recent findings in this area, while providing a dynamic and practical framework with future approaches for research and clinical applications on targeting NOD1. This knowledge can help to rate the consequences of the disease and to stratify the patients for therapeutic interventions., The review was written by authors that work in a laboratory where projects are supported by: Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad/Agencia Estatal de Investigación 10.13039/501100011033 (RTI2018-094727-B100, SAF2017-82436-R, BIO2016-77639-P, PID2019-108977-RBI00 and PID2020-113238-RBI00), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CB16/11/00222), Consorcio de Investigación en Red de la Comunidad de Madrid, S2017/BMD-3686 and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional.

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory chronic diseases (IMIDs) can be challenged as diagnostic test reliability could be impaired by immunosuppression. We retrospectively analyzed the Quantiferon Gold-Test in-Tube (QFT-G-IT) results of all patients with IMIDs seen at the Department of Internal Medicine of Son Llatzer Hospital, Palma de Mallorca (Spain), looking for the factors related to QFT-G-IT indeterminate results. During the study period (2008–2015), 520 patients met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with indeterminate QFT-G-IT results in a univariate analysis were inflammatory bowel disease, disease activity, lymphopenia, and medium-to-high doses of corticosteroids. In a subsequent multivariate analysis, only lymphopenia (defined as

Entrevista con el profesor David Harvey.

Los conocimientos de las neurociencias ofrecen la posibilidad de comprender las propuestas de la psicoterapia humanista desde la perspectiva de la actividad cerebral. Así pues, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar los procesos neuropsicológicos que se activan a lo largo de una sesión de psicoterapia y sus efectos en el bienestar. A partir de las contribuciones de autores reconocidos como Cozolino (2006, 2010), Siegel (2010, 2015) y Grawe (2007) se han estudiado los principales correlatos neuronales promovidos a través de cinco consignas clásicas de una sesión de psicoterapia humanista: a) Experiencia de vínculo terapéutico según Rogers (1951/1981; 1961/2000); b) Indicación de centrar la atención en el aquí y ahora; c) Indicación de no juzgar la vivencia ni a uno mismo; d) Propuesta de experimentar en el aquí y ahora situaciones pendientes de integrar, lo que implica un estado de estrés óptimo; e) Proceso de poner palabras a la experiencia terapéutica. Cada una de estas consignas promueve una actividad cerebral que modifica las conexiones en y entre diversas redes neuronales, principalmente las situadas en amígdala, ínsula, córtex cingulado anterior y cortex prefrontal orbitomedial y dorsolateral. Conocer los procesos neuronales generados a partir de las interacciones psicoterapéuticas es una fuente de información de gran interés para el desarrollo del saber psicoterapéutico.

We studied the organization of mobility of hunter-gatherers groups of northwestern Patagonia (Argentina) from an interdisciplinary perspective. We combined geochemical and technological characterization of obsidian assemblages from surface and stratigraphic contexts spanning the Holocene, and a preliminary geoarchaeological study of the sources. The goals were to assess the provenance, mode of supply, use, and discard of obsidian artifacts on the basis of information on the structure of the two main regional sources: Cerro Huenul, located in the lowlands, and Laguna del Maule, located in the Andean highlands. We conducted geoarchaeological field sampling at different altitudes of the Barrancas River fluvial deposits to study the geomorphic impact on the secondary structure of the highland source. Preliminary geoarchaeological results allow extending the area of availability up to 90 km towards the lowlands from the outcrops. In addition, we performed non-destructive XRF analyses on 266 lithic artifacts, which were placed along a continuum of reduction. 89% of the artifacts corresponded to the local Cerro Huenul source, while 11% to Laguna del Maule. While the artifacts made on Cerro Huenul obsidian were represented by the full reduction sequence, those from Laguna del Maule are only represented by advanced stages. We integrate these results with information on the frequencies of projectile points, ceramics, and rock-art motifs for the two main archaeological sites in the region: Cueva Huenul 1 and Cueva Yagui. These proxies indicate that the sites have different place use histories, providing a scheme for the analysis of human use of the regional landscape. Fil: Fernández, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; Argentina Fil: Barberena, Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina Fil: Rughini, Agustina Ayelén. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina Fil: Giesso, Martín. Northeastern Illinois University; Estados Unidos Fil: Cortegoso, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Romero Villanueva Badin, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina Fil: Borrazzo, Karen Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina Fil: Lucero, Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Garvey, Raven. University of Michigan; Estados Unidos Fil: MacDonald, Brandi Lee. University of Missouri; Estados Unidos Fil: Glascock, Michael. University of Missouri; Estados Unidos

The mechanisms of calcium (Ca) absorption and transport in plants are still poorly understood. This study focused on assessing the absorption and distribution of Ca in different plant organs after root (soil), foliar, or fruit application to 6-year-old 'Clemenules' mandarin trees, grown in pots, usingThe rate ofCalcium mobility in 'Clemenules' mandarin trees is limited and depends on the mode of Ca fertilizer application. The distribution of Ca to and within the fruits may be limited during development because of structural and functional constraints. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by vascular lipid retention and inflammation, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important contributors in early stages of the disease. Given the implication of the intracellular PRR nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in cardiovascular diseases, we investigated its contribution to early atherosclerosis. We evidenced NOD1 induction in atherosclerotic human and mouse tissues, predominantly in vascular endothelial cells. Accordingly, NOD1 genetic inactivation in Apoe-/- mice reduced not only atherosclerosis burden, but also monocyte and neutrophil accumulation in atheromata. Of note, in the presence of either peptidoglycan or oxidized LDLs, endothelial NOD1 triggered VCAM-1 up-regulation through the RIP2-NF-¿B axis in an autocrine manner, enhancing firm adhesion of both sets of myeloid cells to the inflamed micro- and macrovasculature in vivo. Our data define a major proatherogenic role for endothelial NOD1 in early leukocyte recruitment to the athero-prone vasculature, thus introducing NOD1 as an innovative therapeutic target and potential prognostic molecule, This work was supported bythe the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities(Grants SAF2015-64767-R, SAF2016-79490-R, SAF2015-70747-R, SAF2016-75004-R, SAF2017-82436-R/RTC2017-6283-1), the Center for Biomedical Research Network Consortium in Cardiovascular Diseases (Grants CB16/11/00257, CB16/11/00405, CB/11/00222), Community of Madrid Grant BMD/3686, the German Research Foundation (Grants SFB914 TPA02/B08/B09/Z03, SFB1123 TP A06/B05/B08/Z01), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VIDI proj-ect 91712303). This project was also financed, in part, by theEuropean Regional Development Fund. O.S. and L.B. con-tributed equally as senior authors.

In this paper, it is presented a novel strategy to optimize the determination of magnetic couplings by using ab-initio calculations of the energy. This approach allows determining efficiently, in terms of a proposed effective magnetic spin model, an optimal set of magnetic configurations to be simulated by DFT methods. Moreover, a procedure to estimate the values of the coupling constants and their error bounds from the estimated energies is proposed. This method, based on Monte Carlo sampling, takes into account the accuracy of the ab - initio simulations. A strategy to refine models reusing previously computed configuration energies is also presented. We apply the method to determine a magnetic model for the recently synthesized material Bi$_3$Mn$_4$O$_{12}$(NO$_3$). Finally, an open source software that implements and automatizes the whole process is presented., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Plant cuticles have been traditionally classified on the basis of their ultrastructure, with certain chemical composition assumptions. However, the nature of the plant cuticle may be misinterpreted in the prevailing model, which was established more than 150 years ago. Using the adaxial leaf cuticle of Ficus elastica, a study was conducted with the aim of analyzing cuticular ultrastructure, chemical composition and the potential relationship between structure and chemistry. Gradual chemical extractions and diverse analytical and microscopic techniques were performed on isolated leaf cuticles of two different stages of development (i.e. young and mature leaves). Evidence for the presence of cutan in F. elastica leaf cuticles has been gained after chemical treatments and tissue analysis by infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Significant calcium, boron and silicon concentrations were also measured in the cuticle of this species. Such mineral elements which are often found in plant cell walls may play a structural role and their presence in isolated cuticles further supports the interpretation of the cuticle as the most external region of the epidermal cell wall. The complex and heterogeneous nature of the cuticle, and constraints associated with current analytical procedures may limit the chance for establishing a relationship between cuticle chemical composition and structure also in relation to organ ontogeny.

The incorporation of People with Disability (PWD) in organizations is a subject taken up by international organizations, such as the European Union and the United Nations, which has had subsequent consequences in Spain with the development of legislation and specific initiatives. In this paper we have considered the concept of disability as part of diversity and, above all, as a fundamental subject of human rights and justice, which has allowed us to include the collective of PWD among the stakeholders of companies. The research on the incorporation of disability as an integral part of the policies of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in companies is very recent, although the term Corporate Social Responsibility and Disability is already used. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the commitment with PWD of Spanish companies considered socially responsible by the sustainability indices used. We have included in four large dimensions (Stakeholders, Visibility, Human Resources and Accessibility) the indicators that have allowed us to analyze the information on PWD published by these companies in their sustainability reports or similar documents accessible through their websites. The results suggest that the companies are more concerned about improving their image towards the exterior than for the commitment with their own employees, which is consistent with the dimension Visibility being where the companies carry out more actions in favor of PWD.

Resumen: En este artículo se presentan reflexiones emanadas de una investigación en curso en la que partimos de la premisa de que los aportes temáticos, conceptuales y metodológicos de la perspectiva de género pueden potenciar los procesos de democratización vinculados a la obligatoriedad del nivel secundario en la Argentina y de la Ley de Educación Sexual Integral, así como resignificar y enriquecer los contenidos escolares geográficos. Palabras clave: Geografía escolar, geografía del género, enseñanza secundaria. Abstract: In this article we present reflections arising from an ongoing investigation in which we start from the premise that thematic, conceptual and methodological contributions of the gender perspective can enhance democratization processes linked to compulsory secondary education in Argentina and sexual education legislation, to give new meaning and enrich the geographic contents in high school. Key words: School geography, gendered geography, high school teaching. Résumé: Dans cet article on présente des réflexions émanées d’une recherche en cours où on part de la prémisse selon laquelle les apports thématiques, conceptuels et méthodologiques de la perspective de genre peuvent renforcer la puissance des processus de démocratisation liés au caractère obligatoire de l’école secondaire en Argentine et de la Loi d’Éducation Sexuelle, de même qu’ils peuvent donner un nouveau sens et enrichir les contenus scolaires géographiques. Mots clés: Géographie scolaire, géographie du genre, enseignement secondaire.

Fil: Bastidas Briceno, Ruby Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Fisica La Plata; Argentina

In the investigation developed in the living room of Childbirths of the Educational hospital Eusebio Hernandez Perez, could ascertain that for the personnel of infirmary the care of the woman in work of childbirth. The present work is an investigation of technological development with the aim to identify the specific competitions of infirmary. We worked with: documentary analysis, expert surveys and interviews with nursing professionals who work in the delivery room. It was elaborated, from the identification of specific competencies for the nursing staff that works in the delivery room, a map for the development of the labor curriculum (DACUM map) which includes the tasks and functions that the nursing staff must perform.

¿Qué pasó en el mercado financiero cuando el polémico Donald Trump ganó las elecciones? En España muchas compañías tienen intereses en Estados Unidos o países afectados por el programa del presidente y este artículo trata de relacionar el impacto de estas elecciones en una selección de empresas del IBEX 35, usando el premio bursátil como indicador, observamos un mercado dividido que evidencia el acercamiento o la tensión de los objetivos corporativos ante el nuevo escenario político mundial.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, in particular in immune cells, and plays a pleiotropic role in dephosphorylating many substrates. Moreover, PTP1B expression is enhanced in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli and to different cell stressors. Taking advantage of the use of mice deficient in PTP1B we have investigated the effect of γ-radiation in these animals and found enhanced lethality and decreased respiratory exchange ratio vs. the corresponding wild type animals. Using bone-marrow derived macrophages and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from wild-type and PTP1B-deficient mice, we observed a differential response to various cell stressors. PTP1B-deficient macrophages exhibited an enhanced response to γ-radiation, UV-light, LPS and S-nitroso-glutathione. Macrophages exposed to γ-radiation show DNA damage and fragmentation, increased ROS production, a lack in GSH elevation and enhanced acidic β-galactosidase activity. Interestingly, these differences were not observed in MEFs. Differential gene expression analysis of WT and KO macrophages revealed that the main pathways affected after irradiation were an up-regulation of protein secretion, TGF-β signaling and angiogenesis among other, and downregulation of Myc targets and Hedgehog signaling. These results demonstrate a key role for PTP1B in the protection against the cytotoxicity of irradiation in intact animal and in macrophages, which might be therapeutically relevant., This work was supported by grants SAF2017-82436R, SAF2016-75004R and SAF2015-65267 from MINIECO, S2017/BMD-3686 and BMD3684 from Comunidad de Madrid, Fundación Ramón Areces (2016/CIVP18A3864) and Cibercv, Ciberdem and Ciberehd (funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and by Fondos FEDER). We also acknowledge H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie ITN-TREATMENT (Grant Agreement number 721236) (European Commission). P.R. was recipient a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from MINIECO (IJCI-2014-19381).

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de la protección jurídica de los animales, en concreto del delito de maltrato animal, tipificado actualmente en el artículo 337 del Código Penal. Se analizarán los aspectos más problemáticos del delito, como la delimitación del bien jurídico protegido, así como la evolución de su regulación en los últimos años debido al aumento de la preocupación de la población por los animales. Estudiaremos también la legislación actual desde la reforma de la Ley Orgánica 1/2015, así como las cuestiones que han sido motivo de mayor controversia en la doctrina: el objeto material de protección, el maltrato psíquico, elementos del tipo como el antiguo requisito de ensañamiento o el alcance del término “injustificadamente”. La finalidad de este trabajo por lo tanto es abordar las cuestiones principales sobre este delito y poder llegar a una conclusión acerca de si esta regulación es aún insuficiente para la protección de los animales., This research has the purpose of study the legal protection of animals, specifically the crime of animal abuse, currently regulated by the article 337 of Penal Code. We will analyze the most problematic questions of this felony, such as the regulation of the legal asset safeguarded, or the evolution of this regulation in the last years due to the increase of the population´s concern. Furthermore, we will study the present regulation since the organic law 1/2015, and the questions that has motivated most of the debates: the object of protection, psychic abuse, elements of the crime like the old request of cruelty or the concept of “unreasonably”. The aim of this Project is adressing the main issues of this crime and get a conclusion about if this normative is enough to the animal protection., Máster Universitario en Acceso a la Profesión de Abogado (M155)