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The development of effective catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is essential for transforming atmospheric CO2 into valuable chemical scaffolds. While numerous catalysts have been developed for the CO2RR, few are suitable for use in aqueous systems due to inherent design challenges. In this context, Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for the CO2RR in water, offering potential solutions to these challenges. Thanks to their porosity, high surface area and crystalline structure, COFs are excellent hosts for single-atom catalysts (SACs), enabling the immobilization of high-value species and their utilization in heterogeneous catalytic processes. For this reason, we have explored the catalytic activity of a terpyridine–manganese complex integrated into a COF lattice, which was successfully synthesized and characterized, confirming the presence of the metal ion in the material with spectroscopic techniques such as XPS and EDS. This new material has proved to be an active heterogeneous catalyst for the CO2RR in water as solvent, achieving a faradaic yield of 42% for CO at 300 mV overpotential and 16% for formate when 600 mV was applied. Furthermore, an ab initio theoretical study was performed to provide a plausible mechanism of the CO2RR to elucidate the CO evolution pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigates whether the conditions of bilingual language-minority (BLM) children versus monolingualism have different effects on oral narrative and vocabulary skills in the societal language (SL-Italian) and on the predictive interrelations between the two skills. Methodology: A total of 112 primary school children (44 % BLM L1-Chinese, L2-Italian and 56 % Italian monolinguals) aged 7–11 years (M age = 113 months, SD = 12.03; 44 girls, 68 boys) performed an oral story-narration task and a vocabulary task. The purpose of the former was to assess the children's textual (structure, coherence) and language (cohesion, word productivity) competences, while the latter test assessed their ability to define written words by implementing different cognitive-linguistic processes. A parental questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding age, socioeconomic status (SES), and home language exposure. Data analysis: We compared BLM and monolinguals' lexical competence and oral narrative ability in an independent t -test analysis. We further verified the relationship between the lexical and oral narrative abilities in Spearman bivariate correlations analyses and investigated their interrelations in a stepwise regression model. Age and SES were controlled for. Findings: BLM children fall significantly behind their monolingual peers on textual structure and lexical skills. Meanwhile, their textual and language competences in stories are similar. In the total sample and monolingual group, lexical skills are positively correlated with the text structure. Results of stepwise regression analyses show that lexical skills completely mediate the effect of BLM versus monolingualism on text structure. Originality: Results on school-aged BLM (L1-Chinese, L2-Italian) children's oral narrative, vocabulary skills, and their relations extend previous research on bilingualism. Significance: The scarce narrative structure in BLM children's stories is related to limited vocabulary input. High-level textual processing difficulties may result from the high cognitive effort of managing both the choosing of adequate words in L2 and composing an oral story concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appeals to intensify the habit of reading are so recurrent that it seems unnecessary to insist on its benefits for the development of the most important human faculties. Over time, however, this activity has been accomplished differently depending on its material conditions and, above all, on the functions that writing assumes. Nowadays the same value of writing is changing and reveals its last manifestation, the digital one, which creates texts that have not yet been transformed into actual works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated primary school children's perspectives on their hearing and listening in classrooms with different acoustic quality levels. The sample included 213 children. The children completed a self-report questionnaire rating how well they could hear and listen in various situations in classrooms with two different acoustic conditions: Poor acoustic quality (long reverberation time [Long RT]) versus Adequate acoustic quality (short reverberation time [Short RT]) equipped with a sound-absorbing system. The results showed that auditory perception in the two conditions depends on the child's age, with only fourth- and fifth-grade children reporting benefits from classroom acoustic correction. Our study provides preliminary results on children's perspectives regarding their hearing and listening experiences during school learning, drawing out the implications for the design and implementation of school metacognitive interventions aimed at improving children's and teachers' awareness of motivational-affective, regulative, and environmental aspects favoring listening at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant fraction of the energy generated for industrial and domestic applications is lost in the form of heat. Because of this, thermal-energy storage materials are receiving increasing attention as a means of storing the generated heat for later use. In this paper, a brief description is given of two types of materials used in thermal-energy-storage devices – phase change materials for latent heat storage and photoswitches for chemical energy storage. In addition, we provide a succint account of the experimental and computational tools needed to understand the microscopic mechanisms of energy storage and to facilitate the rational design of new materials.

The heterogeneous nature of human breast cancer (HBC) can still lead to therapy inefficacy and high lethality, and new therapeutics as well as new spontaneous animal models are needed to benefit translational HBC research. Dogs are primarily investigated since they spontaneously develop tumors that share many features with human cancers. In recent years, different natural phytochemicals including berberine, a plant alkaloid, have been reported to have antiproliferative activity in vitro in human cancers and rodent animal models. In this study, we report the antiproliferative activity and mechanism of action of berberine, its active metabolite berberrubine, and eight analogs, on a canine mammary carcinoma cell line and in transgenic zebrafish models. We demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo the significant effects of specific analogs on cell viability via the induction of apoptosis, also identifying their role in inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and activating the Hippo signals with a downstream reduction in CTGF expression. In particular, the berberine analogs NAX035 and NAX057 show the highest therapeutic efficacy, deserving further analyses to elucidate their mechanism of action more in detail, and in vivo studies on spontaneous neoplastic diseases are needed, aiming at improving veterinary treatments of cancer as well as translational cancer research.

This study focused on the transition from upper-secondary school to university. Specifically, it examined whether prior academic achievements and conceptions of learning at the time of completion of upper-secondary school predicted short- and long-term university success (grades at the bachelor's and master's levels). A total of 171 psychology students (M[subscript age] = 23.99) participated in this retrospective longitudinal study. At the end of upper-secondary school, they completed the self-report instrument Learning Conceptions Questionnaire. Subsequently, their upper-secondary school-leaving certificate grades and grades at the bachelor's and master's degree levels were retrieved from their university database. The analytic results of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) revealed that upper-secondary school-leaving certificate grades and grades at the bachelor's and master's degree were significantly associated with each other. Furthermore, the conception of learning as 'Opportunities and self-efficacy' significantly predicted both upper-secondary school-leaving certificate grades and grades in bachelor's and master's degrees. Upper-secondary school students' conception of learning was linked to psychological engagement and personal agency, as well as high school-leaving certificate grades increasing the likelihood of attaining successful university performance.

By focussing on previous academic performance (AP) and conceptions of learning (COL), the present study aimed to predict different university outcomes (on-time, delayed, and dropout status). A cohort of 194 participants was followed longitudinally. Only 24 participants had obtained both bachelor's and master's degrees on time; 147 obtained their bachelor's degree on time but had delayed the completion of their master's degree; 23 had dropped out of the university program. Upper-secondary-school students' leaving certificate grades were recorded, and their COL were explored through a validated self-report questionnaire. Later, university outcomes were collected. Discriminant analysis showed that the retrospectively delayed and dropout groups were significantly more likely to hold a conception of "Learning as a reduction of deficit knowledge and passive-receptive role" than on-time participants did. Furthermore, upper secondary leaving certificate grades were not significant predictors of the university outcomes considered.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety for the environment of diclazuril (Coxiril®) as a coccidiostat feed additive for chickens reared for laying and pheasants. In its previous assessments, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) could not reach a final conclusion on the risk resulting from the use of diclazuril in acid soil from Coxiril®. On the basis of the new data provided, the FEEDAP Panel updates the previous conclusions as follows: no risk is expected for the terrestrial compartment and for sediment when diclazuril is used in chickens reared for laying and to pheasants at the proposed condition of use (in both acidic and non‐acidic soils). No concern for groundwater is expected for both acidic and non‐acidic soils. Due to the lack of data, no conclusions can be drawn for the aquatic compartment. Diclazuril does not have the potential for bioaccumulation; therefore, a risk of secondary poisoning is unlikely.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a new scientific opinion on the coccidiostat halofuginone hydrobromide (STENOROL®) when used as a feed additive for chickens for fattening and turkeys for fattening/reared for breeding. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concludes that the safety for turkeys for fattening established in its previous opinion can be extended to turkeys for breeding up to 12 weeks of age. Based on the new data provided on the safety for consumer, environment and efficacy, the Panel updates its previous conclusions as follows: halofuginone hydrobromide is not genotoxic. Applying an uncertainty factor of 100 to the lowest no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.03 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.3 μg halofuginone/kg bw is established. The chronic exposure of consumers to residues of halofuginone would amount to 6–19% of the ADI after 3 days of withdrawal. Therefore, the Panel considers that the additive is safe for the consumer of tissues obtained from chickens for fattening and turkeys for fattening fed the additive at a maximum level of 3 mg/kg complete feed at a 3‐day withdrawal time. For control purposes, the Panel recommends the setting of the following maximum residue limits (MRLs): liver, 50 μg/kg; kidney, 40 μg/kg; muscle, 3 μg/kg; skin/fat, 10 μg/kg wet tissue. Based on an updated environmental risk assessment, no concern for groundwater is expected. Halofuginone is unlikely to bioaccumulate and the risk of secondary poisoning is not likely to occur. No safety concerns are expected for terrestrial and aquatic environments. The additive has the potential to control coccidiosis in chickens for fattening and turkeys for fattening/reared for breeding up to 12 weeks of age at a minimum level of 2 mg/kg complete feed.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of lignosulphonate, when used as a technological additive (functional group: binders) in feed for all animal species. In two previous assessments, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the maximum level proposed of 10,000 mg lignosulphonate/kg complete feed is safe for weaned piglets, pigs for fattening, chickens for fattening, laying hens and cattle for fattening, but a margin of safety could not be identified. Consequently, these conclusions could not be extrapolated to other animal species/categories. In the current application, the applicant proposed to reduce the maximum content of lignosulphonate in feed for all animal species to 8,000 mg/kg complete feed. The results of two newly submitted tolerance studies allowed the Panel to conclude that 8,000 mg lignosulphonate/kg complete feed is also safe for dairy cows and salmonids, with a margin of safety of at least 1.25. Considering the results of the studies previously assessed and those of the two new tolerance studies, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that lignosulphonate is safe for all animal species when used at a maximum content of 8,000 mg/kg complete feed.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of potassium and sodium ferrocyanide as technological feed additives for all animal species. The additives sodium‐ and potassium ferrocyanide are intended to be used in sodium chloride with a maximum content of 80 mg ferrocyanide anion (anhydrous)/kg salt. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of sodium ferrocyanide and potassium ferrocyanide is safe, when added to sodium chloride at a maximum content of 80 mg ferrocyanide anion/kg for: turkey for fattening and laying hens and other laying/breeding birds; all porcine species and categories, all ruminant species and categories, rabbit, horse, salmonids and other minor fin fish, dogs and cats. In the absence of a margin of safety, the use of sodium and potassium chloride according to the proposed conditions of use is not considered to be safe for chickens for fattening and other poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding other than turkeys. In the absence of information on the use of sodium chloride in the diets for any other animal species, no conclusion on a potentially safe level of sodium chloride, supplemented with 80 mg ferrocyanide anions (anhydrous)/kg, could be made. The use of sodium and potassium ferrocyanide in animal nutrition under the conditions of use proposed is of no concern for consumer safety. The results of in vivo studies showed that sodium and potassium ferrocyanide are not irritant to skin and eye and are not skin sensitisers. However, owing to the presence of nickel, sodium ferrocyanide, is considered a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. No conclusions could be reached on the safety of the user exposed via inhalation for potassium ferrocyanide. The use of sodium and potassium ferrocyanide as feed additives is considered safe for the environment. The additives are considered to be efficacious as anticaking agents in sodium chloride at the proposed use level.

Abstract The vitamin B12 (in the form of cyanocobalamin) under assessment is produced by fermentation with Ensifer adhaerens CGMCC 19596 and it is intended to be used as a nutritional additive for all animal species. Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of cyanocobalamin, produced by fermentation with E. adhaerens CGMCC 19596. Cyanocobalamin produced by other strains of E. adhaerens is already authorised for use in animal species. ■■■■■ However no viable cells nor DNA of the production strain were detected in the additive. Therefore, cyanocobalamin produced by E. adhaerens CGMCC 19596 does not raise safety concerns as regards to the production strain. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that cyanocobalamin produced by fermentation with E. adhaerens CGMCC 19596 is considered safe for all animal species. The use of cyanocobalamin in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. Cyanocobalamin is non‐irritant to skin and non‐irritant to eyes. No conclusions could be drawn on the potential of the additive to be a skin sensitiser. The potential endotoxin activity of the additive is unlikely to represent a hazard for users. The use of the additive under assessment in animal nutrition is considered safe for the environment. Cyanocobalamin produced by E. adhaerens CGMCC 19596 is effective in meeting animal's nutritional requirements when administered via feed.

Lehr- und Lernräume haben Einfluss auf den Lernerfolg und die Zufriedenheit der Lernenden. Durch die Integration digitaler Komponenten werden zunehmend Räume im herkömmlichen Sinn mit Online-Räumen verschränkt, was zu einer Flexibilisierung des Lehrens, Lernens und Prüfens führt und einen völlig neuen Umgang mit Lehr-/Lernräumen erfordert. Dieser Aspekt des seamless learning wird an der WU (auch in Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Hochschulen und Projekten) im Kontext des Projekts „Future Learning Experience“ (FLEX) erkundet und umgesetzt. Dabei wurden u. a. Einsatzszenarien von 360°-Szenarien (Videos/Fotos) und Virtual-Reality (VR)-Anwendungen in konkreten Lehr-/Lernkontexten pilotiert. Dieses Projekt wurde am 1. Juni 2023 im Rahmen einer Online-Veranstaltung des BMBWF präsentiert. Die Präsentationsunterlagen finden Sie hier.

The importance of the quality of home literacy environment and practices (HLE&P) in the earliest years on children’s reading and writing development is recognized in the literature. However, whether and to what extent this relationship between preschoolers’ HLE&P on their later reading and writing skills in primary school is mediated by emergent literacy competence remains to be clarified. It may be that preschool constitutes a significant opportunity for children to develop notational awareness and phonological awareness which are emergent literacy skills that are fundamental for later reading and writing skills. Children who experience literacy-poor HLE&P with fewer opportunities to practice more complex language skills and diverse vocabulary might develop adequate reading and writing skills when their emergent literacy skills in preschool are high (notational and phonological awareness). This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the mediational role of preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills in preschool (notational and phonological awareness) in the relationship between HLE&P and reading and writing skills shown by the same children in primary school using a large-scale dataset. A total of 115 children (mean-age at last year of preschool = 4.88 ± 0.36) took part in the research. In preschool, children performed emergent literacy tasks and their parents completed a home literacy questionnaire. Later, in primary school, children completed standardized assessments of spelling (orthographic accuracy and fluency in a dictation task) and reading decoding (accuracy and speed in a text reading task) skills. The results of mediational analyses showed that notational awareness totally mediates the relationship between HLE&P and reading speed (𝛽= − 0.17, p

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the feed additive consisting of robenidine hydrochloride (Cycostat® 66G) for rabbits for breeding and rabbits for fattening for the renewal of its authorisation. Since the potential aneugenic activity of robenidine hydrochloride cannot be excluded, the FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the safety of the additive for the target species and the consumer. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of robenidine hydrochloride for the environment. Robenidine hydrochloride has potential for bioaccumulation; however, a risk for secondary poisoning for worm/fish‐eating birds and mammals is not likely to occur. No concern for groundwater is expected. Robenidine hydrochloride is not a skin or eye irritant and not a skin sensitiser. Due to the lack of data on the genotoxicity (aneugenicity) of the substance, the exposure to the additive of the unprotected users should be minimised. Owing to the lack of sufficient data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude that robenidine hydrochloride from Cycostat® 66G is still efficacious against recent Eimeria spp. strains in rabbits.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of semi‐refined carrageenan as a feed additive for cats and dogs. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that semi‐refined carrageenan was safe for dogs at 6,000 mg/kg final wet feed (with about 20% dry matter). This would correspond to 26,400 mg semi‐refined carrageenan/kg complete feed (with 88% dry matter). In the absence of specific data, the maximum concentration of the additive considered safe for cats was 750 mg semi‐refined carrageenan/kg final wet feed, corresponding to 3,300 mg semi‐refined carrageenan/kg complete feed (with 88% dry matter). In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel was not in the position to conclude on the safety of carrageenan for the user. The additive under assessment is intended to be used in dogs and cats only. No environmental risk assessment was considered necessary for such use. The FEEDAP Panel was not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of semi‐refined carrageenan as a gelling agent, thickener and stabiliser in feed for cats and dogs at the proposed conditions of use.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of two bacilli strains (tradename: BioPlus® 2B) when used in suckling piglets, calves for fattening and other growing ruminants. BioPlus® 2B is composed of viable cells of Bacillus subtilis DSM 5750 and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 5749. In the course of the current assessment, the latest strain was reclassified as Bacillus paralicheniformis. BioPlus® 2B is intended for use in feedingstuffs and water for drinking for the target species at the minimum inclusion level of 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg feed and 6.4 × 108 CFU/l water, respectively. B. paralicheniformis and B. subtilis are considered eligible for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach. The identity of the active agents was established, and the qualifications regarding the lack of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, toxigenic potential and bacitracin production ability were complied with. Following the QPS approach, B. paralicheniformis DSM 5749 and B. subtilis DSM 5750 are presumed safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. Since no concerns are expected from the other components of the additive, BioPlus® 2B was also considered safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. BioPlus® 2B is not irritant to the eyes or skin but should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. The Panel could not conclude on the skin sensitisation potential of the additive. BioPlus® 2B when supplemented at 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg complete feed and 6.4 × 108 CFU/l water for drinking has the potential to be efficacious in suckling piglets, calves for fattening and other growing ruminants (e.g. sheep, goat, buffalo) at the same developmental stage.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for the renewal of the authorisation of urea as nutritional feed additive. The additive is authorised for use in ruminants with functional rumen (3d1). The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation and the production process has not been substantially modified. The FEEDAP Panel considers that there is no evidence to revise the conclusions reached in the previous assessment for the target species, consumer and for the environment when used as a source of non‐protein nitrogen under current conditions of use, in ruminants with functional rumen. In the absence of new data, the FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the user safety. The Panel retains that previously made conclusion on the efficacy remains valid.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a zinc(II)–betaine complex as nutritional additive for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening. This conclusion could be extrapolated to all animal species and categories provided that the maximum authorised levels in the EU for total zinc in feed are not exceeded. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of the zinc(II)–betaine complex in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety provided that the maximum authorised total zinc levels in feed are respected. The additive is considered to be a skin and respiratory sensitiser due to the presence of nickel; it is irritant to the eyes, but not to the skin. The use of the additive in animal nutrition for terrestrial animals and land‐based aquaculture at the proposed use levels is considered safe for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The available data do not allow the conclusion to be made on the safety of the additive for the marine sediment when it is used in sea cages. Based on the deposition of zinc in edible tissues/organs in chickens for fattening, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is a source of bioavailable zinc, comparable to the standard inorganic zinc source, and therefore, the additive is efficacious in meeting the birds zinc requirements. This conclusion can be extrapolated to all animal species and categories.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) of EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) produced by Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 13326 as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. The additive is produced by a genetically modified production strain. Although the production strain harbours some genes coding for resistance to antimicrobials, viable cells and DNA of the production strain were not detected in the final product. Therefore, the use of B. subtilis CGMCC 13326 to produce vitamin B2 does not raise safety concerns. The use of riboflavin 80% produced by B. subtilis CGMCC 13326 in animal nutrition does not represent a safety concern for the target species, consumers and for the environment. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential skin and eye irritation or potential toxicity by inhalation of the additive under assessment. Riboflavin is a known photosensitiser which may elicit skin and eye photoallergic reactions. The additive under assessment is effective in covering the animals' requirements of vitamin B2 when administered via feed.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of endo‐1,4‐β‐d‐mannanase (Hemicell® HT/HT‐L) produced by a genetically‐modified strain of Paenibacillus lentus (DSM 33618) as a zootechnical feed additive for chickens and turkeys for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys reared for breeding, minor poultry species to point of lay, pigs for fattening, piglets (weaned) and minor porcine species. The production strain was obtained from a Paenibacillus lentus recipient strain that has been evaluated previously by EFSA and considered to be safe. The genetic modification does not raise safety concerns and there were no antibiotic resistance genes from the genetic modification in the production strain. Viable cells and the DNA of the production strain were not found in the intermediate product used to formulate the additive. Hemicell® HT/HT‐L produced by Paenibacillus lentus DSM 33618 is considered safe for the above‐mentioned target species at the intended conditions of use. The use of Hemicell® HT/HT‐L as a feed additive raises no concerns for the consumer or for the environment. Hemicell® HT/HT‐L is not irritant to the skin and eyes but is regarded as a dermal sensitiser and a potential respiratory sensitiser. The additive has a potential to be efficacious at 32,000 U/kg in chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, minor poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species, and at 48,000 U/kg in turkeys for fattening, turkeys reared for breeding and weaned piglets.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Streptococcus salivarius DSM 13084/ATCC BAA 1024 as a technological additive (functional group: acidity regulators) in feed for dogs and cats. The additive is intended for use at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 1011 CFU/l or kg liquid feed for dogs and cats. Due to the lack of adequate data, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the additive for the target species. The additive was considered a respiratory sensitiser, but not irritant to skin. No conclusions could be drawn on the potential of the additive to be an eye irritant or a skin sensitiser. No environmental risk assessment is necessary for the use of the additive in feeds for pets. The Panel concluded that the additive has the potential to be efficacious in feeds for dogs and cats at the proposed conditions of use.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for the renewal of authorisation of ammonium chloride (Amoklor™) as a zootechnical additive for all ruminants, dogs and cats and its extension of use in sows for urinary health. The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. There is no new evidence that would lead the FEEDAP Panel to reconsider its previous conclusions. Thus, the Panel concludes that the additive remains safe for ruminants other than lambs for fattening, lambs for fattening, cats and dogs, consumers and the environment under the current authorised conditions of use. Inhalation exposure of the additive is considered very likely. Amoklor™ should be considered a potential respiratory sensitiser but not a skin sensitiser. The additive is not irritant to the skin, but the Panel could not conclude on its eye irritation potential. The present application for renewal of the authorisation does not include a proposal for amending or supplementing the conditions of the original authorisation that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive. Therefore, there was no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation. Regarding the extension of use in sows, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that the additive is safe and efficacious for sows at the inclusion level of 5,000 mg/kg feedingstuffs from week 9th to 11th of gestation and from week 15th of gestation to 1st of lactation. The use of the additive in sows is regarded as safe for the consumers and the environment.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the efficacy of ferrous lysinate sulfate for all animal species. The safety of the additive for the target species, consumer, user and the environment has already been assessed previously, however the efficacy remained inconclusive due to limitations in the study with chickens for fattening. In the present assessment, the applicant submitted a new efficacy study in weaned piglets. After the assessment of the new data submitted by the applicant, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the efficacy of ferrous lysinate sulfate in weaned piglets.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety for the target species of the coccidiostat halofuginone hydrobromide from STENOROL® when used as a feed additive for chickens for fattening and turkeys. In its previous assessment, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of STENOROL® for the target species at the highest proposed use level of 3 mg halofuginone hydrobromide/kg complete feed. On the basis of the new data provided, the FEEDAP Panel updates its previous conclusions on the safety for the target species as follows: halofuginone hydrobromide from STENOROL® is safe for chickens for fattening and for turkeys up to a maximum of 12 weeks of age at the highest proposed concentration of 3 mg/kg complete feed. For chickens for fattening, a margin of safety of about 1.3 can be established while for turkeys for fattening a margin of safety cannot be established.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of the coccidiostat lasalocid A sodium (Avatec® 150G) for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying. Taking into account the results of all tolerance studies submitted for the re‐evaluation of the additive, the FEEDAP Panel considers that lasalocid A sodium from Avatec® 150G is safe at a maximum content of 90 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening. A margin of safety cannot be established. No conclusion on the safety of lasalocid for chickens reared for laying can be made. Three new floor pen studies showed efficacy of 90 mg lasalocid A sodium/kg complete feed reducing the adverse clinical consequences of an Eimeria infection in chickens for fattening. Considering also the previously reported positive floor pen study and the three positive anticoccidial sensitivity tests, the FEEDAP Panel can conclude on an efficient coccidiostatic level of 90 mg lasalocid A sodium/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening. This conclusion is extended to chickens reared for laying.

A vertical reading of Cantos xi of the Comedy reveals a thick network of interconnections between the administration of money in Inferno, the punishment of the prideful through exempla of humility in Purgatorio xi, and the representation of Francis's mystical marriage with Lady Poverty in Paradiso xi. The strong links in subject matter among cantos xi in the three different canticles show how the opposition between the world of economic gain of northern Italy in Dante's time and the minimalist lifestyle the Franciscans preached in the same years might very well be a deliberate choice on the poet's part. The pathway from condemning wealth in hell moves through humility (another Franciscan virtue besides poverty), before it reaches to Francis's apotheosis of absolute poverty in heaven.

The paper presents an overview of the usage of Instagram as a social media platform for teaching and engagement in the field of dairy cow nutrition and management. Our Instagram content, which includes posts, stories, hashtags, reels, and live videos, aims to educate and engage our followers and covers a wide range of topics, including research updates, student activities, and information on dairy cow health and welfare. This approach to education allows us to reach a larger audience while also providing a forum for interaction and discussion on essential dairy cow nutrition concerns.

Artworks play a fundamental role in the cultural and economic assets of communities, enhancing their identity and helping with social integration. Despite their importance, they are not always adequately protected against degradation, which can be induced by aging, atmospheric and human-induced occurrences, and catastrophic events. Earthquakes certainly represent one of the main risks for art objects; however, traffic, construction works, and shipment can also represent a threat to art goods. Therefore, the assessment of the vulnerability of art collections to dynamic excitations plays a crucial role in their conservation, and it has been collecting increasing attention from researchers, academics, and museum managers. This work focuses on the vulnerability of the art collections exhibited at the “Gaio Cilnio Mecenate” museum in Arezzo. Namely, it aims to assess the effective dynamic loading experienced by the artworks, which is a function of the dynamic propagation played by the foundation soil, the building, and the displayers used for the exhibition. In this study, the dynamic properties of some of the displayers used for exhibiting the art collections are investigated by performing an experimental survey. The analysis of the experimental data led to the assessment of the proper frequencies of the displayers, which were compared to those of the building and the foundation soil of the museum.