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Abstract In the Americas, some mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika, chikungunya, and dengue circulate among humans in urban transmission cycles, while others, including yellow fever and Mayaro, circulate among monkeys in sylvatic cycles. The intersection of humans and wildlife at forest edges creates risk for zoonotic virus exchange. We built a scaffold tower at the edge of a treefall gap in rainforest bordering Manaus, Brazil, to identify vectors that may bridge transmission between humans and monkeys. We vertically sampled diurnally active, anthropophilic mosquitoes using handheld nets at 0, 5, and 9 m and container-breeding mosquitoes in ovitraps at 0, 5, 10, and 15 m. Haemagogus janthinomys and Psorophora amazonica were present in high relative abundance in nets at each height sampled, while anthropophilic species were uncommon in ovitraps. Hg. janthinomys was more abundant at elevated heights than at ground level, while Ps. amazonica abundance was not significantly stratified across heights. The presence of each species increased with increasing 7-day rainfall lagged at 1 week, and at 1 and 4 weeks prior to collection, respectively. In addition, Hg. janthinomys was most frequently collected at 29.9 °C, irrespective of height. These data provide insight into the potential role of each species as bridge vectors.

The purpose of the data paper was to introduce into scientific literature the results of scientific work carried out for the third edition of the 'Red Data Book of the Komi Republic'. The article reflects methodological approaches to the formation of a list of rare and in need of protection species and describes the corresponding datasets published in GBIF.Information about 7,187 occurrences of 438 rare species and infraspecies included in the third edition of the 'Red Data Book of the Komi Republic' have been published.

Abstrak: Motivasi belajar siswa merupakan hal penting yang harus diperhatikan selama proses pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Oleh sebab itu, tulisan ini bertujuan menawarkan desain pembelajaran yang bisa dijadikan rujukan oleh guru dalam menyampaikan pelajaran kepada siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menganalisis kebijakan pemerintah dalam menerapkan pembelajaran jarak jauh ataupun pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas, menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian revelan dengan pembelajaran daring, serta menyusun rancangan pembelajaran jarak jauh yang mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) penyusunan silabus dan rencana pembelajaran sebaiknya berbasis blended learning, (2) menggunakan sumber belajar yang sesuai standar kurikulum seperti Rumah Belajar, (3) optimalisasi penggunaan media komunikasi yang mudah diakses oleh siswa seperti WhatsApp dan Zoom Meeting, (4) tugas sebaiknya berbasis project, praktikum lapangan dan berjenjang, (5) soal evaluasi disusun menggunakan Google Form atau Schoology dengan tipe soal berbeda setiap anak. Abstract: Student learning motivation is an important thing to note during the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this paper aims to offer a learning design that can be used as a reference by teachers in delivering lessons to students. This research is qualitative research by analyzing government policies in applying distance learning or limited face-to-face learning, analyzing research results relevant to online learning, and drafting distance learning designs that can increase students' learning motivation. The results showed that (1) the preparation of syllabus and learning plan should be based on blended learning, (2) using learning resources that meet curriculum standards such as Learning House, (3) optimization of the use of communication media that is easily accessible to students such as WhatsApp and Zoom Meeting, (4) tasks should be project-based, field and tiered practicum, (5) evaluation questions are prepared using Google Form or Schoology with different types of questions every child.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan metode contextual teaching and learning yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan sesuai dengan model yang dikembangkan oleh Kemmis dan Mc Taggart terdiri dari merencanakan, melaksanakan, mengamati, dan merefleksi. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester II program studi pendidikan matematika FKIP UM Mataram. Adapun instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah Observasi dan hasil tes. Analisis Data dalam penelitian yaitu analisis data terhadap hasil observasi aktivitas mahasiswa dan dosen yang dilakukan oleh observer selama pembelajaran berlangsung dan analisis data terhadap hasil tes dengan kriteria keberhasilan jika sekurang-kurangnya 85% dari keseluruhan mahasiswa mendapatkan nilai ≥ 65. Adapun hasil penelitian bahwa pembelajaran contextual teaching and learning dapat meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa dengan hasil observasi pada aktivitas dosen dan mahasiswa dalam kreteria baik. Sedangkan hasil tes pada siklus I telah mencapai ketuntasan belajar dengan pencapaian sebesar 87%. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to know the application of contextual teaching and learning methods that can improve students' understanding. This research method is class action research. The research procedure conducted in accordance with the model developed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The population and samples in this study are students of the second semester of mathematics education program FKIP UM Mataram. The instrument in this study is observation and test results. Data Analysis in the study is a data analysis of the observation results of student and lecturer activities conducted by observers during the learning and data analysis of test results with success criteria if at least 85% of all students get a score of ≥ 65. The results of the study that contextual teaching and learning can improve the understanding of students with observation results on the activities of lecturers and students in good creteria. While the test results in cycle I have achieved the completion of learning with an achievement of 87%.

Este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar a utilização de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) para a gestão empresarial de Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) do setor de cerâmica artística e de decoração, localizado em município do estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, apoiada em pesquisa bibliográfica. O levantamento de campo foi realizado por meio de questionário e entrevistas com empresários e de depoimentos de agentes conhecedores do setor. Como resultado, pôde-se identificar baixo nível de utilização dos recursos de TI para a gestão empresarial: as MPEs, quando os utilizam, não o fazem estrategicamente. As dificuldades enfrentadas: na delimitação do universo de pesquisa, composto por empresas de cerâmica artística e de decoração, em município do interior do estado de São Paulo e na identificação de MPEs presentes nesse universo propiciaram resultados adicionais, de caráter metodológico, relativos a estratégias para localização de listagem e acesso a MPEs.

Education and labor market outcomes of the Russian graduates are vastly studied, including their employment status, salaries, types of universities and majors they study. However, there is a lack of research of the graduates’ typical paths in education and labor market, whether they fit the conventional trajectory high school–university–permanent employment. Another question is how social background and human capital differentiate trajectories and predict a path, which graduate opts to. In this article, we address both questions. Employing the longitudinal panel study “Trajectories in Education and Careers” we examine the nine-year trajectories of those who earned a university diploma by the age of 25. In our research, we use sequence analysis to identify trajectories and regression analysis to estimate the probability to follow each trajectory depending on individual characteristics–socio-economic status and human capital–while controlling for demographic variables. We identify nine typical trajectories, including several types of a linear path, various career-oriented trajectories, a reverse and a delayed path, unstable and nontraditional trajectories. This set of education-career paths largely corresponds to foreign studies, but the Russian graduates’ trajectories turn out to be smoother. At the same time, individual factors of human capital and socio-economic status moderate education-career paths. The probability of following trajectories with prolonged education (with a post-bachelor’s degree) is significantly higher for high achieving students. Entering early career trajectories is associated with a non–cognitive skill–openness to experience. Socio-economic status differentiates two early career trajectories: "accelerated adulthood" for those with low SES and "encouraged professionalization", which is associated with high SES. Following an unstable trajectory is not associated with either socio-economic status or academic performance (cognitive skills) but is associated with low awareness about the field of study when entering a university (ill-informed choice).

The lignocellulosic biomass is a highly abundant and renewable resource. However, its exploitation is limited by the recalcitrance of the lignin present in the plant cell wall. In the last three decades, fungal co-cultures have increasingly been applied to overcome lignin recalcitrance by enhancing the production of ligninolytic enzymes through microbial interactions. In this paper, we systematically compile studies on fungal co-cultures used in the degradation of lignin-containing substrates to clarify the advantages and limitations of this type of culture. Based on their different delignification rate potentials, co-cultures can be classified into synergistic, antagonistic, and neutral. Co-cultivation results are generally related to the balance or imbalance of antagonistic and synergistic effects arising from the specific compatibility between the species during the interaction. It is well known that the paired species and the microenvironmental system conditions are responsible for the reported degradations, however, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. In conclusion, literature results demonstrate the promising application of fungal co-cultures in biotechnological sectors to improve the degradation of lignin and its derivatives, through their better understanding of the efficient exploitation of biological resources on ecological and industrial scales.

Introduction: Regulatory agencies encourage the incorporation of the patient voices throughout clinical drug development. Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) offer one way of doing this and their use has markedly increased in many therapeutic areas, particularly oncology, in recent years. However, few oncology drug labels include PRO data and those which do, offer little consistency.Objective: To provide multidisciplinary perspectives (patient, pharmaceutical industry, PRO researcher, regulatory expert) on PRO data in oncology drug labels.Methods: PRO data in the labels of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for oncology indications between 2010 and 2020 were critically reviewed by authors who provided their insights on the advantages and disadvantages/gaps.Results: Forty-six oncology drugs included PRO data in their labels. Differences were observed between FDA and EMA PRO labeling (e.g., PRO concept, use of tables and graphs to display PROs or reference to clinical meaningfulness). In providing their perspectives on the number and nature of PROs in labels, authors noted limitations including: the low proportion of oncology drugs with PRO labeling, limited PRO information in labels, lack of patient-friendly language, and potential bias towards positive outcomes. Lack of consistency within- and between-agencies was noted.Conclusion: Despite regulatory agencies’ commitment to incorporate patient voices in regulatory decisions, availability of PRO information is limited in oncology drug labels. While several PRO guidance documents are available from regulatory and Health Technology Assessment agencies, harmonization of PRO guidance for labeling inclusion around the world is needed to better inform prescribers and consequently their patients in the process of shared medical decisions.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential treatment strategy across some psychiatric conditions. However, there is high heterogeneity in tDCS efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. To increase its therapeutic potential, researchers have begun to explore the efficacy of combining tDCS with psychological and pharmacological interventions. The current case series details the effect of 6–10 weeks of self-administered tDCS paired with a behavioral therapy smartphone app (Flow™), on depressive and anxiety symptoms, in seven patients (26–51 years old; four female) presenting distinctive psychiatric disorders (major depression, dysthymia, illness anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders). tDCS protocol consisted of an acute phase of daily 30 min sessions, across 10 workdays (2 weeks Monday-to-Friday; Protocol 1) or 15 workdays (3 weeks Monday-to-Friday; Protocol 2). A maintenance phase followed, with twice-weekly sessions for 4 or 3 weeks, corresponding to 18 or 21 sessions in total (Protocol 1 or 2, respectively). The Flow tDCS device uses a 2 mA current intensity, targeting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The Flow app offers virtually guided behavioral therapy courses to be completed during stimulation. We assessed depressive symptoms using MADRS-S and BDI-II, anxious symptoms using STAI-Trait, acceptability using ACCEPT-tDCS, and side effects using the Adverse Effects Questionnaire, at baseline and week 6 of treatment. Six patients underwent simultaneous cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and two were on antidepressants and benzodiazepines. According to the Reliable Change Index (RCI), for depressive symptoms, we found clinically reliable improvement in five patients using MADRS-S (out of seven; RCI: −1.45, 80% CI; RCI: −2.17 to −4.82, 95% CI; percentage change: 37.9–66.7%) and in four patients using BDI-II (out of five; RCI: −3.61 to −6.70, 95% CI; percentage change: 57.1–100%). For anxiety symptoms, clinically reliable improvement was observed in five patients (out of six; RCI: −1.79, 90% CI; RCI: −2.55 to −8.64, 95% CI; percentage change: 12.3–46.4%). Stimulation was well-tolerated and accepted, with mild tingling sensation and scalp discomfort being the most common side effects. This case series highlights the applicability, acceptability, and promising results when combining home-based tDCS with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy to manage depression and anxiety symptoms in clinical practice.

Grapevine is a fruit crop of major significance worldwide. Fungal attacks are one of the most relevant factors affecting grapevine yield and fruit quality, and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator is one of the most harmful fungal diseases for this fruit-bearing species. Incorporating resistance genes such as Run1 and Ren1 in new vine selections offers a sustainable alternative to control the disease. These combined loci produce an immune response that prevents the development of the disease. However, to date studies are lacking concerning whether this response generates alterations in the physiological and antioxidant parameters of resistant plants in the presence of the fungus or if it has an associated energy cost. Therefore, the main goal of our research was to determine if Run1Ren1 plants present alterations in their physiological and biochemical parameters in the presence of the fungus. To achieve this target, a previously characterized resistant Run1Ren1 genotype and the susceptible Carménère cultivar were analyzed. We evaluated photochemical parameters (Fv’/Fm’, ΦPSII and ETR), net photosynthesis (Pn), photosynthetic pigments, transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), oxidative stress parameters (MDA), antioxidant activity, and phenols. Our results show that the physiological parameters of Run1Ren1 plants were not negatively affected by the fungus at 10 days post-inoculation, contrasting with alterations observed in the susceptible plants. Therefore, we propose that the resistance response triggered by Run1Ren1 is physiologically and biochemically advantageous to grapevines by preventing the development of powdery mildew infection.

Este trabalho intenciona tecer discussões relacionadas aos fundamentos da análise cognitiva das políticas públicas por meio de enquadramento teórico conceitual que contempla decisões, instrumentação e regulação que reverberam na complexidade da escolarização no Brasil e, num segundo momento, a partir de tais reflexões, conceitualizar a instituição escolar e a escolarização em contexto de territorialidade. Ante às considerações apresentadas, pautadas numa perspectiva qualitativa e tendo como propósito refletir acerca das bases da análise cognitiva das políticas públicas, são abordadas ponderações acerca da educação brasileira visando uma compreensão contextualizada dos conceitos de matrizes cognitivas ou normativas; a ação dos atores e agentes públicos ante as políticas de educação; instrumentos de políticas públicas e os modos de regulação; a relação entre a descentralização/desconcentração, a responsabilidade do Estado, dos atores e agentes públicos; e, por fim, reflexões sobre os conceitos de território e territorialidade considerando a escolarização, buscando vislumbrar algumas possibilidades dentro desse escopo.

Interest in Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs (EGMs) as a model in experimental medicine is continuously growing. The aim of this project is to increase the knowledge of the immune system of EGMs as information is still scarce. Therefore, we studied the postnatal maturation of their immune system from birth until 126 weeks of age. For the first 26 weeks of the study, animals were kept under pathogen-reduced conditions (SPF) and afterwards under conventional housing conditions. The development of the immune system was analyzed by monitoring changes in total numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes of ten individuals and the composition of leukocyte populations by multi-color flow cytometry (FCM). We followed the presence of monocytes using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD172a+ and CD163+ and B cells based on the expression of CD79a. NK cells were distinguished as CD3-CD16+CD8α+/dim cells and further subdivided using NKp46 (CD335) expression into NKp46-, NKp46+, and NKp46high NK cells. T-cell receptor (TCR) γδ T cells were defined by the expression of TCR-γδ and different subsets were determined by their CD2 and perforin expression. TCR-αβ T cells were classified by their CD8β+ or CD4 expression. For monitoring their differentiation, expression of CD27 and perforin was investigated for CD8β++ T cells and CD8α together with CD27 for CD4+ T cells. We clearly detected a postnatal development of immune cell composition and identified phenotypes indicative of differentiation within the respective leukocyte subsets. Examination of the development of the antigen-specific immune system after transfer to different distinct housing conditions and after vaccination against common porcine pathogens such as porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) revealed a markedly increased presence of more differentiated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with central and effector memory T-cell phenotypes. To complement the findings, a PCV2 vaccine-specific antigen was used for in vitro restimulation experiments. We demonstrated antigen-specific proliferation of CD4+CD8α+CD27+ central and CD4+CD8α+CD27- effector memory T cells as well as antigen-specific production of TNF-α and IFN-γ. This study of postnatal immune development defines basic cellular immune parameters of EGMs and represents an important milestone for the use of EGMs for immunological questions in experimental medicine.

Food allergy affects approximately 2–4% of children and adults. This guideline provides recommendations for managing food allergy from the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN). A multidisciplinary international Task Force developed the guideline using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II framework and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We reviewed the latest available evidence as of April 2021 (161 studies) and created recommendations by balancing benefits, harms, feasibility, and patient and clinician experiences. We suggest that people diagnosed with food allergy avoid triggering allergens (low certainty evidence). We suggest that infants with cow's milk allergy who need a breastmilk alternative use either hypoallergenic extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk formula or an amino acid-based formula (moderate certainty). For selected children with peanut allergy, we recommend oral immunotherapy (high certainty), though epicutaneous immunotherapy might be considered depending on individual preferences and availability (moderate certainty). We suggest considering oral immunotherapy for children with persistent severe hen's egg or cow's milk allergy (moderate certainty). There are significant gaps in evidence about safety and effectiveness of the various strategies. Research is needed to determine the best approaches to education, how to predict the risk of severe reactions, whether immunotherapy is cost-effective and whether biological therapies are effective alone or combined with allergen immunotherapy.

Greenhouse gases absorb the Earth’s thermal radiation and partially return it to the Earth’s surface. When accumulated in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases lead to an increase in the average global air temperature and, as a result, climate change. In this paper, an approach to measuring CO2 and CH4 concentrations using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is proposed. An FTIR spectrometer mockup, operating in the wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.7 μm with a spectral resolution of 10 cm−1, is described. The results of CO2 and CH4 observations throughout a day in urban conditions are presented. A low-resolution FTIR spectrometer for the 16U CubeSat spacecraft is described. The FTIR spectrometer has a 2.0–2.4 μm spectral range for CO2 and CH4 bands, a 0.75–0.80 μm range for reference O2 bands, an input field of view of 10−2 rad and a spectral resolution of 2 cm−1. The capabilities of the 16U CubeSat spacecraft for remote sensing of greenhouse gas emissions using a developed FTIR spectrometer are discussed. The design of a 16U CubeSat spacecraft equipped with a compact, low-resolution FTIR spectrometer is presented.

Root tubers of Asphodelus bento-rainhae subsp. bento-rainhae (AbR), a vulnerable endemic species, and Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus (AmR) have traditionally been used in Portugal to treat inflammatory and infectious skin disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude 70% and 96% hydroethanolic extracts of both medicinal plants, specifically against multidrug-resistant skin-related pathogens, to identify the involved marker secondary metabolites and also to assess the pre-clinical toxicity of these medicinal plant extracts. Bioguided fractionation of the 70% hydroethanolic extracts of both species using solvents of increasing polarity, namely diethyl ether (DEE: AbR-1, AmR-1), ethyl acetate (AbR-2, AmR-2) and aqueous (AbR-3, AmR-3) fractions, enabled the identification of the DEE fractions as the most active against all the tested Gram-positive microorganisms (MIC: 16 to 1000 µg/mL). Furthermore, phytochemical analyses using TLC and LC-UV/DAD-ESI/MS techniques revealed the presence of anthracene derivatives as the main constituents of DEE fractions, and five known compounds, namely 7′-(chrysophanol-4-yl)-chrysophanol-10’-C-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-anthrone (p), 10,7′-bichrysophanol (q), chrysophanol (r), 10-(chrysophanol-7′-yl)-10-hydroxychrysophanol-9-anthrone (s) and asphodelin (t), were identified as the main marker compounds. All these compounds showed high antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC: 3.2 to 100 µg/mL). Importantly, no cytotoxicity against HepG2 and HaCaT cells (up to 125 µg/mL) for crude extracts of both species and genotoxicity (up to 5000 µg/mL, with and without metabolic activation) for AbR 96% hydroethanolic extract was detected using the MTT and Ames tests, respectively. Overall, the obtained results contribute to the concrete validation of the use of these medicinal plants as potential sources of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of skin diseases.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an RNA flavivirus (Flaviviridae family) endemic in tropical and subtropical regions that is transmitted to humans by Aedes (Stegomyia) species mosquitoes. The two main urban vectors of ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which can be found throughout Brazil. This study investigated ZIKV infection in mosquito species sampled from urban forest fragments in Manaus (Brazilian Amazon). A total of 905 non-engorged female Ae. aegypti (22 specimens) and Ae. albopictus (883 specimens) were collected using BG-Sentinel traps, entomological hand nets, and Prokopack aspirators during the rainy and dry seasons between 2018 and 2021. All pools were macerated and used to inoculate C6/36 culture cells. Overall, 3/20 (15%) Ae. aegypti and 5/241 (2%) Ae. albopictus pools screened using RT-qPCR were positive for ZIKV. No supernatants from Ae. aegypti were positive for ZIKV (0%), and 15 out of 241 (6.2%) Ae. albopictus pools were positive. In this study, we provide the first-ever evidence of Ae. albopictus naturally infected with ZIKV in the Amazon region.

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um recorte do debate acerca do papel da educação no processo de construção da democracia. A produção de conhecimento e a formação de professores estão no centro da relação entre o público e o privado. Think Tanks e institutos com ou sem fins lucrativos, ideologicamente vinculados ao neoconservadorismo e financiados pelo mercado, disputam com a Universidade o espaço na produção de conhecimento e na formação continuada de educadores. Tais organizações adentram as escolas públicas interferindo no trabalho docente, esvaziando a prática pedagógica, retirando do professor a essência do seu trabalho como intelectual. Como materialização desse processo, trouxemos o convênio firmado entre o Instituto Ayrton Senna (IAS) e um município do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de análise documental e estudo de caso. Verificamos que Think Tanks, Institutos e Fundações privadas têm disputado a formação continuada de professores com foco nos resultados da aprendizagem, valorizando a consecução de metas na educação. Assim sendo, questionamos a transferência cada vez maior para o privado da formação de docentes, no sentido de disputa pelo conteúdo da educação e os projetos de sociedade que essas propostas materializam.

Abstract Lutzomyia umbratilis is the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon and in neighboring countries. Previous biological and molecular investigations have revealed significant differences between L. umbratilis populations from the central Brazilian Amazon region. Here, a phylogeographic survey of L. umbratilis populations collected from nine localities in the Brazilian Amazon was conducted using two mitochondrial genes. Statistical analyses focused on population genetics, phylogenetic relationships and species delimitations. COI genetic diversity was very high, whereas Cytb diversity was moderate. COI genealogical haplotypes, population structure and phylogenetic analyses identified a deep genetic differentiation and three main genetic groups. Cytb showed a shallower genetic structure, two main haplogroups and poorly resolved phylogenetic trees. These findings, allied to absence of isolation by distance, support the hypothesis that the Amazon and Negro Rivers and interfluves are the main evolutionary forces driving L. umbratilis diversification. The main three genetic groups observed represent three evolutionary lineages, possibly species. The first lineage occurs north of the Amazon River and east of Negro River, where Le. guyanensis transmission is intense, implying that L. umbratilis is an important vector there. The second lineage is in the interfluve between north of Amazon River and west of Negro River, an area reported to be free of Le. guyanensis transmission. The third lineage, first recorded in this study, is in the interfluve between south of Amazonas River and west of Madeira River, and its involvement in the transmission of this parasite remains to be elucidated.

Since the mid‑2010s, Russia has been witnessing a redistribution of student flows between higher education and TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training), more and more school leavers applying to TVET institutions. Postsecondary educational choices are closely associated with socioeconomic status of the family, so changes in the patterns of educational transitions may indicate both changes in the education system and shifts in the national socioeconomic system. In available literature, the growing enrollment in TVET is mostly explained by “push” factors repulsing students out of secondary and higher education systems and by the so-called “bypass maneuver” of accessing college via TVET that is popular among Russian school leavers. This article attempts to find out whether the demand for TVET is actually increasing, what may stand behind it apart from the factors within the education system, and whether there is a socioeconomic dimension to this change. Research results allow debunking the myth of the TVET sector growing by virtue of using TVET programs as a springboard to college. Demand for vocational educational trajectoriesis growing beyond the “bypass maneuver” — not only among middle school graduates, who are at the main fork in educational trajectories, but also among highschool leavers. Changes in the demand for TVET programs has exposed rigidity of the TVET system, which manifests itself in enrollment capacity being unable to satisfy the demand for particular specialization, excessive growth in tuition-based enrollment, and the “invisible” demand from high school leavers. The increasing popularity of the vocational track results from the mutually reinforcing factors in the education system, negative economic growth, and labor market situation. The most important trigger behind the growing demand for TVET is the shrinkage of household disposable income: coupled with reduced access to higher education, it “pushes” school leavers with low socioeconomic status out of the academic track.

Background and aims – To date, Megalocystidium leucoxanthum, a corticioid fungus originally described from the Italian Alps, was considered as a widely distributed species inhabiting numerous angiosperm hosts in the northern hemisphere. Its specimens collected in different geographic areas and from various host species revealed a high morphological variability and thus obfuscated differences from the closely related M. luridum. The objective of this study was to re-establish M. leucoxanthum based on newly collected and sequenced specimens and clarify the identity of morphologically deviating collections previously ascribed to this species.Material and methods – In total, 87 specimens of Megalocystidium spp. (including two historical types) were studied by morphological methods. Their phylogenetic relations were investigated based on DNA sequences (nrITS, nrLSU, and tef1) of 29 specimens.Key results – Based on morphological, ecological and DNA data, we showed M. leucoxanthum sensu typi is a rare species restricted to Alnus alnobetula in subalpine and subarctic zones. Consequently, records from other hosts (mostly representatives of Salicaceae) belong to three other species, M. olens, M. perticatum, and M. salicis, described as new to science. The fourth newly introduced species, M. pellitum, occurs on the same host tree as M. leucoxanthum but it can be separated from the latter due to distinctive morphological traits and DNA sequences. Additionally, Aleurodiscus diffissus is combined in Megalocystidium and the identity of M. luridum is clarified.

Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating mental disorder characterized by perturbations in thinking, perception, and behavior, along with brain connectivity deficiencies, neurotransmitter dysfunctions, and loss of gray brain matter. To date, schizophrenia has no cure and pharmacological treatments are only partially efficacious, with about 30% of patients describing little to no improvement after treatment. As in most neurological disorders, the main descriptions of schizophrenia physiopathology have been focused on neural network deficiencies. However, to sustain proper neural activity in the brain, another, no less important network is operating: the vast, complex and fascinating vascular network. Increasing research has characterized schizophrenia as a systemic disease where vascular involvement is important. Several neuro-angiogenic pathway disturbances have been related to schizophrenia. Alterations, ranging from genetic polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein alterations to microRNA and abnormal metabolite processing, have been evaluated in plasma, post-mortem brain, animal models, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models. During embryonic brain development, the coordinated formation of blood vessels parallels neuro/gliogenesis and results in the structuration of the neurovascular niche, which brings together physical and molecular signals from both systems conforming to the Blood-Brain barrier. In this review, we offer an upfront perspective on distinctive angiogenic and neurogenic signaling pathways that might be involved in the biological causality of schizophrenia. We analyze the role of pivotal angiogenic-related pathways such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and HIF signaling related to hypoxia and oxidative stress events; classic developmental pathways such as the NOTCH pathway, metabolic pathways such as the mTOR/AKT cascade; emerging neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative processes such as UPR, and also discuss non-canonic angiogenic/axonal guidance factor signaling. Considering that all of the mentioned above pathways converge at the Blood-Brain barrier, reported neurovascular alterations could have deleterious repercussions on overall brain functioning in schizophrenia.

O sofrimento/transtorno mental tem potencial para afetar qualquer pessoa, visto que viver em coletividade produz iniquidades que podem atuar sobre o bem-estar. Sendo que a universidade integra a rotina de pessoas nessa condição, torna-se necessário analisar fenômenos que podem determinar sua organização, como a saúde e as desigualdades sociais. Nesse contexto, este estudo realiza uma análise entre saúde mental e a intersecção de eixos de opressão. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo e qualitativo com técnicas de entrevista e análise documental. Do total de 217 estudantes, foram excluídos 43 por documentação incompleta ou inacessível. Para as entrevistas, consideraram-se estudantes que declaram viver sob desigualdades. De 12 convidados, sete participaram das entrevistas. Os resultados apontam a interseccionalidade como ferramenta adequada para qualificar a análise da realidade de estudantes que vivenciam sofrimento/transtorno mental. Destacaram-se questões de gênero, orientação afetivo-sexual, pobreza, cor e estigmas sobre saúde mental.

Este artigo tem como base uma pesquisa que analisa como as redefinições no papel do Estado reorganizam as fronteiras entre o público e o privado, materializando-se das mais diferentes formas na educação básica pública e suas modalidades, com profundas implicações no processo de democratização da educação. O Estado continua sendo o responsável pelo acesso, mas o conteúdo pedagógico e de gestão da escola é cada vez mais determinado por instituições que introduzem a lógica mercantil e neoconservadora. Nas considerações retomamos a ideia de disputa de projetos societários em relação. Palavras-chave: Parceria Público-privada em Educação; Política Educacional; Democratização da Educação.

A pandemia de Covid-19 afetou diferentes dimensões da vida social, tais como a economia, o comércio e o setor produtivo, as relações sociais e familiares, as atividades esportivas e recreativas, entre outras. As desigualdades sociais, já presentes na nossa sociedade, se reforçaram. Certamente, os processos educacionais foram fortemente afetados. Muitas e plurais foram as questões enfrentadas pelos sistemas de educação, escolas, professores/as, alunos/as, famílias, nos diferentes níveis de ensino. Situando-nos na perspectiva da pós-pandemia, podemos nos perguntar: Que escola somos chamados a construir/reconstruir? Que dinâmicas escolares queremos privilegiar? Que desafios essas questões suscitam para a Didática? Essas são as provocações que orientam o presente texto. Nele, pretendemos abordar algumas alternativas que permeiam as discussões atuais sobre essa problemática, que sintetizamos da seguinte maneira: a volta à escola “normal”, a escola informada pelo “ensino híbrido” e a “reinvenção” da educação escolar. Analisamos cada uma delas no que se refere a suas implicações para os processos de ensino-aprendizagem e defendemos a posição de que vivemos um momento privilegiado para repensar o papel da escola e da Didática em novas configurações e perspectivas, numa abordagem crítica e intercultural.

O que se pretende aqui é estabelecer, à semelhança dos aforismos nietzschianos, diversos aforismos (ou migalhas filosóficas – para pensarmos também em Kierkegaard) sobre filosofia. Mas, para não esquecermos que a filosofia se iniciou com os gregos e para eles (segundo entendemos) não havia distinção entre ética e estética (assim como para Kierkegaard, que nos traz que a escolha pelo estilo ético abarca o estético), o texto estabelecido torna-se um texto ético-estético. Cada página e o uso das cores reproduz (ou busca atingir) uma flor. O uso das diferentes fontes de letra também reproduz estilo estético.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggapan 239 siswa dan 847 mahasiswa terhadap proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring selama COVID-19 menggunakan Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menganalisis hasil angket yang telah disebar secara online, dimana angket sebanyak 17 indikator/pertanyaan dengan skala Likert 4 option. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji regresi. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa tanggapan siswa dan mahasiswa dari segi kinerja, usaha, dan faktor sosial terhadap minat belajar secara daring sebesar 44,9% yang berarti sedang, sedangkan dari segi kondisi fasilitas dan minat terhadap upaya menerapkan pembelajaran daring sebesar 37% yang berarti rendah. Oleh sebab itu, melalui pembelajaran daring seharusnya guru ataupun dosen lebih efektif menggunakan e-learning yang memuat materi lebih komplek sebagai sarana dan sumber belajar yang optimal bagi siswa ataupun mahasiswa. Abstract: This study aims to analyze students' responses to the process of implementing online learning during COVID-19 using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This research is a quantitative research by analyzing the results of polls that have been distributed online, where the questionnaire as many as 17 indicators / questions with a scale Likert 4 options. The data analysis used is a regression test. The results of the data analysis showed that the response of students and students in terms of performance, effort, and social factors to online learning interest by 44.9% which means moderate, while in terms of facilities and interest in efforts to implement online learning by 37% which means low. Therefore, through online learning, teachers or lecturers should be more effective in using e-learning that contains more complex materials as optimal means and learning resources for students.

Abstract Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects primarily the poorest and most vulnerable populations. Although praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug used most frequently for treatment of schistosomiasis, PZQ presents unpleasant bitter taste and low solubility in water, which prejudice the implementation of pediatric treatments. For this reason, the main purpose of the present work was the production of stable nanoparticles loaded with PZQ through in situ miniemulsion copolymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Due to the cationic nature of the comonomers, the use of different ionic surfactants was also investigated. Nanoparticles with narrow particle size distributions, characteristic average diameters ranging from 50 nm to 110 nm, and loaded with 20 wt% of PZQ were manufactured successfully PZQ encapsulation efficiencies were higher than 97 wt% and PZQ was homogeneously dispersed in the final polymer matrix. Finally, the use of a cationic surfactant with DEAEMA cationic comonomer led to more stable latexes because of the high absolute value of the zeta potential.

Abstract Aims Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and concurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) might have a higher risk of severe events. Methods and results We retrospectively studied 16 patients with advanced HFrEF who developed COVID‐19 between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Follow‐up lasted until 30 September. Ten patients previously hospitalized with decompensated HFrEF were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) during hospitalization. Six patients undergoing ambulatory care at initiation of COVID‐19 symptoms were hospitalized because of advanced HFrEF. All patients who experienced worsening of HFrEF due to COVID‐19 required higher doses or introduction of additional inotropic drugs or intra‐aortic balloon pump in the intensive care unit. The mean intravenous dobutamine dose before SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in previously hospitalized patients (n = 10) and the median (inter‐quartile range) peak intravenous dobutamine dose during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in all patients (n = 16) were 2 (0–7) μg/kg/min and 20 (14–20) (P

Aim. Plasma values of nicotine and its metabolites are highly variable, and this variability has a strong genetic influence. In our study, we analysed the impact of common polymorphisms associated with smoking on the plasma values of nicotine, nicotine metabolites and their ratios and investigated the potential effect of these polymorphisms and nicotine metabolite ratios on the successful treatment of tobacco dependence. Methods. Five variants (rs16969968, rs6474412, rs578776, rs4105144 and rs3733829) were genotyped in a group of highly dependent adult smokers (n=103). All smokers underwent intensive treatment for tobacco dependence; 33 smokers were still abstinent at the 12-month follow-up. Results. The rs4105144 (CYP2A6, P

Doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX) are classical chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer that induce similar clinical cardiotoxic effects, although it is not clear if they share similar underlying molecular mechanisms. We aimed to assess the effects of DOX and MTX on the cardiac remodeling, focusing mainly on metabolism and autophagy. Adult male CD-1 mice received pharmacologically relevant cumulative doses of DOX (18 mg/kg) and MTX (6 mg/kg). Both DOX and MTX disturbed cardiac metabolism, decreasing glycolysis, and increasing the dependency on fatty acids (FA) oxidation, namely, through decreased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) content and decreased free carnitine (C0) and increased acetylcarnitine (C2) concentration. Additionally, DOX heavily influenced glycolysis, oxidative metabolism, and amino acids turnover by exclusively decreasing phosphofructokinase (PFKM) and electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFDH) content, and the concentration of several amino acids. Conversely, both drugs downregulated autophagy given by the decreased content of autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B), with MTX having also an impact on Beclin1. These results emphasize that DOX and MTX modulate cardiac remodeling differently, despite their clinical similarities, which is of paramount importance for future treatments.

Eighteen specimens of Pluteus collected from the tropical forests of Vietnam were studied using morphological and molecular approaches. Pluteus podospilloides, P. semibulbosus, P. chrysaegis and P. septocystidiatus are registered as additional or new records for Vietnam. Four species (P. conformis, P. lucidus, P. subroseus, and P. ornatus) are proposed as new to science, and several other collections (Pluteus sp. 1, P. aff. septocystidiatus, P. aff. pauperculus and P. cf. velutinus) are given an inconclusive taxonomic status for now. The taxonomic positions of all specimens were confirmed using DNA data (nrITS and tef1). Descriptions of the macro- and microscopic features of the studied collections with a discussion of similar taxa are given.

Background: Pediatric lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children, determining the outcomes of the disease. There are no standardized treatment protocols for pediatric LN, and the role of biologics has not yet been conclusively defined. Objectives: analyze the safety and efficacy of rituximab biosimilar BCD020 in pediatric patients with lupus nephritis. Methods: in a retrospective cohort study, the data from the case histories of 25 patients with LN (10 boys and 15 girls) with an onset age of 13 (9–16) years, who failed conventional non-biologic treatment or developed corticosteroid dependence/toxicity, were included. The diagnosis was made using Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria. Rituximab biosimilar BCD020 was prescribed in a dosage of 375 mg/m2 every week (2–4 infusions) with repeated courses every 6–12 months (2–4 infusions) according to disease activity, B-cell depletion, and IgG levels. The dynamics of clinical and laboratory data, the activity of the disease by SLEDAI, and corticosteroid doses were assessed at the onset and during the rituximab trial. Results: The main patient’s characteristics were: Pre-rituximab non-biologic conventional treatment included: cyclophosphamide 15 (60%), MMF 8 (32%), azathioprine 3 (12%), hydroxychloroquine 12 (48%), and pulse therapy of methylprednisolone followed by oral methylprednisolone 25 (100%). The time before rituximab was 7.0 (3.0–24.0) months, and the whole observation period was 7.0 (0; 24) months. The initial pre-rituximab treatment slightly reduced SLEDAI levels and the proportion of patients with LN. A significant reduction of SLEDAI, the anti-dsDNA level, proteinuria, hematuria, C4 complement, ESR, and the median corticosteroid dose by 80% from the initial value, as well as the proportion of patients without corticosteroids, was observed after rituximab administration. Two deaths were observed due to catastrophic SLE with macrophage activation syndrome, accompanied by a severe infection (invasive aspergillosis, n = 2). Three patients developed serious adverse events: pneumonia (n = 2), transient agranulocytosis (n = 1) after the third rituximab infusion, and meningitis, caused by Listeria monocytosis, after the first rituximab infusion. Eight patients received antibacterial treatment for different respiratory infections without hospital admissions. Conclusions: Rituximab biosimilar BCD020 showed effectiveness in LN, whereas previous non-biologic treatment was insufficiently effective. Randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab and evaluate the benefits when compared with conventional SLE treatment.

Owing to their similarities, pigs are often used as experimental models for humans. In particular, the similarity of the skin allows them to be a good dermatological model. The aim of the study was to develop an animal model in conventional domestic pigs to evaluate skin lesions macroscopically and histologically after a continuous subcutaneous apomorphine application. A total of 16 pigs from two different age groups were injected with four different apomorphine formulations for 12 h daily over a period of 28 days into the subcutis, which was then evaluated macroscopically for nodules and erythema, as well as histologically. Differences in skin lesions between the formulations were found, with formulation 1 leading to the fewest nodules, least skin lesions, no lymph follicles, least necrosis, and best skin tolerance. Older pigs were easier to handle and, because of the thicker skin and subcutis of these animals, drug application with the appropriate needle length was safer. The experimental setup worked well and an animal model to assess skin lesions after a continuous subcutaneous application of drugs could be successfully established.

The leaves of Asphodelus bento-rainhae subsp. bento-rainhae, an endemic Portuguese species, and Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus have been used as food, and traditionally as medicine, for treating ulcers, urinary tract, and inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to establish the phytochemical profile of the main secondary metabolites, together with the antimicrobial, antioxidant and toxicity assessments of both Asphodelus leaf 70% ethanol extracts. Phytochemical screenings were conducted by the TLC and LC-UV/DAD-ESI/MS chromatographic technique, and quantification of the leading chemical classes was performed by spectrophotometric methods. Liquid-liquid partitions of crude extracts were obtained using ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water. For in vitro evaluations of antimicrobial activity, the broth microdilution method, and for the antioxidant activity, the FRAP and DPPH methods were used. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were assessed by Ames and MTT tests, respectively. Twelve known compounds including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isoorientin, p-coumaric acid, isovitexin, ferulic acid, luteolin, aloe-emodin, diosmetin, chrysophanol, and β-sitosterol were identified as the main marker compounds, and terpenoids and condensed tannins were found to be the major class of secondary metabolites of both medicinal plants. The ethyl ether fractions demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against all the Gram-positive microorganisms, (MIC value of 62 to 1000 µg/mL), with aloe-emodin as one of the main marker compounds highly active against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC value of 0.8 to 1.6 µg/mL). Ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 of 800 to 1200 µg/mL, respectively). No cytotoxicity (up to 1000 µg/mL) or genotoxicity/mutagenicity (up to 5 mg/plate, with/without metabolic activation) were detected. The obtained results contribute to the knowledge of the value and safety of the studied species as herbal medicines.

Abstract Background Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic, declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, which could have negative consequences for pregnant and postpartum women. The scarce evidence published to date suggests that perinatal mental health has deteriorated since the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the few studies published so far have some limitations, such as a cross-sectional design and the omission of important factors for the understanding of perinatal mental health, including governmental restriction measures and healthcare practices implemented at the maternity hospitals. Within the Riseup-PPD COST Action, a study is underway to assess the impact of COVID-19 in perinatal mental health. The primary objectives are to (1) evaluate changes in perinatal mental health outcomes; and (2) determine the risk and protective factors for perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will compare the results between the countries participating in the study. Methods This is an international prospective cohort study, with a baseline and three follow-up assessments over a six-month period. It is being carried out in 11 European countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom), Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The sample consists of adult pregnant and postpartum women (with infants up to 6 months of age). The assessment includes measures on COVID-19 epidemiology and public health measures (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker dataset), Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences (COPE questionnaires), psychological distress (BSI-18), depression (EPDS), anxiety (GAD-7) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD checklist for DSM-V). Discussion This study will provide important information for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health and well-being, including the identification of potential risk and protective factors by implementing predictive models using machine learning techniques. The findings will help policymakers develop suitable guidelines and prevention strategies for perinatal mental health and contribute to designing tailored mental health interventions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04595123 .

Studies indicate that rapid weight gain at critical development stages, such as the lactation period, is associated with the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes in the long term. In addition to metabolic changes during adulthood, overweight/obesity may influence reproductive function. Human and animal studies suggest that lifestyle changes through exercise and/or controlled diet result in improved semen quality in obese individuals. However, the relationship between exercise volume/intensity and reproductive capacity effects remains inconclusive. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity endurance training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the reproductive parameters of lactating overfed male Wistar rats. Postnatal overfeeding was induced by applying the litter size reduction method. Forty males Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups: one with control litters (CLs) (10 animals/litter-sedentary) and three with small litters (SLs) (4 animals/litter), divided into sedentary, moderate endurance training, and HIIT. Morphologic, metabolic, and reproductive variables were analyzed. SL sedentary group showed increased body weight, adiposity, and decreased relative weight of the seminal vesicle, prostate, and epididymis as well as changes in the insulin tolerance and oral glucose tolerance tests glycemic tests compared to CL sedentary group. Endurance and HIIT protocols were efficient in improving the glycemic metabolism, central fat accumulation of trained groups and did not affect reproductive parameters. Endurance and HIIT protocols proved to be effective in reversing these metabolic changes without impairing the evaluated reproductive parameters.

Prezentul articol face parte din categoria cercetărilor științifice ce aparţin domeniului de Drept penal Partea Specială. Obiectul cercetării îl formează analiza subiectului infracţiunii specificate la alin.(1) art. 141 CP RM. În cadrul studiului întreprins se argumentează că subiectul infracţiunii de activitatea mercenarilor prevăzută la alin. (1) art. 141 CP RM Activitatea mercenarilor, pe lângă semnele generale ale subiectului infracţiunii, trebuie să posede și un semn special – să fie mercenar. Mercenar poate fi considerată doar persoana care se încadrează în criteriile stabilite atât în Convenţia internațională cu privire la lupta contra recrutării, utilizării, finanțării și instruirii mercenarilor, adoptată la New York la 04 decembrie 1989, în vigoare pentru Republica Moldova din 28 februarie 2006, în Protocolul adițional la Convențiile de la Geneva din 12 august 1949 privind protecția victimelor conflictelor armate internaționale, din 8 iunie 1977, cât şi la art. 130 CP RM Mercenar. În contextul dat sunt supuse analizei mai multe aspecte ale noţiunii de mercenar.

Prezentul articol face parte din categoria cercetărilor ştiinţifice ce aparţin domeniului de Drept penal Partea Specială. Obiectul prezentei cercetări îl formează analiza cadrului legal de incriminare a infracţiunii de activitatea mercenarilor în statele CSI (Comunitatea Statelor Independente). În publicație se efectuează o analiză a infracțiunii de activitate a mercenarilor în legislația statelor CSI şi se evidențiază criteriile de diferențiere a legilor penale din aceste state, precum și asemănările modului de incriminare a componenței de infracțiune analizată. Analiza reglementărilor juridico-penale a activității de mercenariat în legislația penală a statelor CSI denotă că în legea penală a Republicii Moldova se pot, eventual, prelua asemenea reglementări, precum incriminarea activității mercenarilor în forme agravante.

Abstract Background During COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have had high workload and have been exposed to multiple psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to evaluate HCWs in terms of the relative contributions of socio-demographic and mental health variables on three burnout dimensions: personal, work-related, and client-related burnout. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire spread via social networks. A snowball technique supported by health care institutions and professional organizations was applied. Results A total of 2008 subjects completed the survey. Gender, parental status, marriage status, and salary reduction were found to be significant factors for personal burnout. Health problems and direct contact with infected people were significantly associated with more susceptibility to high personal and work-related burnout. Frontline working positions were associated with all three dimensions. Higher levels of stress and depression in HCWs were significantly associated with increased levels of all burnout dimensions. Higher levels of satisfaction with life and resilience were significantly associated with lower levels of all burnout dimensions. Conclusions All three burnout dimensions were associated with a specific set of covariates. Consideration of these three dimensions is important when designing future burnout prevention programs for HCWs.