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BACKGROUND: May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a rare cause of left iliac deep vein thrombosis (DVT) caused by an anatomical variant in which the left iliac vein is pressed against the lumbar vertebrae by the overlying right common iliac artery. According to some autopsy studies it is present in over 20% of the population, but it accounts for only 2-3% of all lower extremity DVT and is rarely considered in differential diagnosis of DVT. Patients typically present with this syndrome in their second to fourth decade of life with sudden onset of left lower extremity edema and pain. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a female patient with no evident risk factors for thrombosis who developed extensive left iliofemoral thrombosis. Using pharmacomechanical thrombectomy followed by stent implantation and balloon angioplasty we achieved complete recanalisation of the affected veins. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of DVT caused by May-Thurner syndrome anticoagulation can reduce thrombus propagation, but does not provide clotlysis and has no effect on post-thrombotic syndrome prevention, so it is ineffective as sole treatment. These patients are suitable for available interventional techniques which improve their outcomes and morbidity. Because of the high restenosis ratio (up to 75%) in patients with MTS treated with thrombolysis without stent placement, it is of clinical importance to choose the appropriate treatment method to reduce short- and long-term sequelae for patients, especially post-thrombotic syndrome which represents an important medical and socioeconomic burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss interventional radiological methods in the field of vascular interventions applied in venous system diseases. Venous diseases can be life threatening without appropriate treatment and can lead to chronic venous diseases and venous insufficiency with long-term reduction in the quality of life. In addition, recurrent clinical symptoms require additional treatments. Interventional radiology has several methods that can provide fast and complete recovery if applied in time. The authors summarize these methods hoping that they will be available for a wide range of patients through the establishment of Interventional Radiological Centres and will be a part of the daily routine of patient care. Regarding the frequency of venous diseases and its influance on life quality the authors would like to draw attention to interventional radiological techniques and modern therapeutic possibilities.

Superior vena cava syndrome comprises various symptoms and signs resulting from the obstruction of the superior vena cava and resulting in reduced blood flow. Superior vena cava may occur secondary to a variety of conditions, but malignant etiologies are the most common. Usually, the diagnosis is based on a quite clear clinical presentation. Patient with acute presentation can develop life-threatening complications such as cerebral or laryngeal edema. In the absence of these two conditions, a histologic diagnosis should be obtained before the initiation of any therapy. Management of superior vena cava syndrome requires a multidisciplinary team. Therapeutic approaches include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endovascular approach, and the choice of therapy will depend on the severity of the symptoms, the type and the stage of the tumor, but also the patient's general condition., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)