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Byline: J. Pelaez Vara, V. Alvarez de Ron Gonzalez, J. Pascua Frades In this article, we describe the approach used for the development of multimedia machine tools and mechanised processes, the strategies used to check the incidence of multimedia in the teaching process learning of this subject, the techniques used in the analysis of the results obtained and the conclusions which the research leads us to.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation that has been linked to accelerated decline in walking speed in older adults. The aim of the present study was to compare the CRP levels of PD patients with vs patients without freezing of gait (FOG). Patients and controls participating in the COPPADIS-2015 study that performed blood extraction for determining molecular serum biomarkers were included. Patients with FOG were identified as those with a score of 1 or greater on item-3 of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q). Immunoassay was used for determining ultrasensitive CRP (US-CRP) level (mg/dL). In the PD group (n = 225; 61.8 ± 9.5 years old, 61.8% males), 32% of the patients presented FOG but none in the control group (n = 65; 60.3 ± 6.1 years old, 56.9% males) (p < 0.0001). Differences in US-CRP level were significant in patients with FOG vs patients without FOG and vs controls (0.31 ± 0.52 vs 0.16 ± 0.21 vs 0.21 ± 0.22; p = 0.04). Significant differences were also observed between patients with vs without FOG (p = 0.001) but not between patients and controls (p = 0.163). US-CRP level was related to FOG (OR = 4.369; 95% CI 1.105–17.275; p = 0.036) along with H&Y (OR = 2.974; 95% CI 1.113–7.943; p = 0.030) and non-motor symptoms burden (NMSS total score; OR = 1.017; 95% CI 1.005–1.029; p = 0.006) after adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, equivalent daily levodopa dose, number of non-antiparkinsonian drugs per day, motor fluctuations, cognition, motor phenotype, and chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study suggests that serum US-CRP level is related to FOG in PD patients. Inflammation could be linked to FOG development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In Parkinson's disease (PD), the course of the disorder is highly variable between patients. Well‐designed, prospective studies for identifying PD progression biomarkers are necessary. Our aim was to show the results of baseline evaluations of an ongoing global PD project, COPPADIS‐2015 (Cohort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015). Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, nationwide study (Spain). The recruitment period ended in October 2017. Baseline evaluation included more than 15 validated scales and complementary studies in a subgroup of participants. Results: In total, 1174 subjects from 35 centres were considered valid for baseline analysis: 694 patients (62.6 ± 8.9 years old, 60.3% males), 273 caregivers (58.5 ± 11.9 years old, 31.8% males) and 207 controls (61 ± 8.3 years old, 49.5% males). The mean disease duration was 5.5 ± 4.4 years. Hoehn and Yahr stage was 1 or 2 in 90.7% of the patients whilst 33.9% and 18.1% of them presented motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, respectively. The mean Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale total score was 45.4 ± 38.1, and 30.4% of the patients presented cognitive impairment, 16.1% major depression, 12.7% impulse control disorder, 7.2% compulsive behaviour, 57.2% pain and 13.2% falls. Compared to the control group, PD patients presented a significantly higher burden of non‐motor symptoms and a worse quality of life. More than 300 subjects conducted complementary studies (serum biomarkers, genetic and neuroimaging). Conclusions: Parkinson's disease is a complex disorder and different non‐motor symptoms are frequently present and are more prevalent than in controls. In real clinical practice it is important to ask for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl., syn. O. cumana Wallr.) populations belonging to a new race F in Spain have overcome all known resistance genes [Or.sub.1] to [Or.sub.5] in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and are spreading rapidly. Al! hybrids currently grown in Spain are susceptible to race F, and sources of resistance genes for this race are needed to develop new resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate sunflower germplasm for resistance to race F (virulent population SE296). Using artificial inoculation with broomrape seed, 54 accessions of wild Helianthus spp. representing 27 perennial and four annual species and 55 cultivated accessions of sunflower were evaluated after incubation for [approximately equals] 1 mo in a growth chamber. Helianthus seedlings were transplanted to the greenhouse for an additional [approximately equals] 3 mo to evaluate the broomrape infection. Most perennial species of wild Helianthus were completely resistant to race F, but some accessions of the species H. divaricatus, H. maximiliani, and H. pauciflorus subsp, pauciflorus showed different proportions of susceptible plants, with a disease incidence varying from 10 to 80%. The annual wild species, H. anomalus and H. agrestis, were fully resistant, while segregation was observed in H. debilis subsp, cucumerifolius and H. exilis. Only 7.2% of the accessions of cultivated sunflower tested were fully resistant, with 20% of them segregating for resistance. The high frequency of broomrape resistance to race F observed in the perennial wild species, as well as the resistance found in wild annual and cultivated germplasm, indicates that development of sunflower cultivars resistant to this new race of the parasite is feasible., SUNFLOWER is one of the most important annual oilseed crops in the world. Broomrape, a holoparasitic angiosperm that infects sunflower roots, is currently regarded as being one of the most [...]

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is severely affected by broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) in the main crop areas of the Old World. The appearance of new virulent broomrape populations has prompted the search for new sources of resistance. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the inheritance of sources of resistance from different origins and to determine allelic relationships between the resistance genes. Six resistant sunflower lines (one of them with resistance gene [Or.sub.5]), two susceptible lines, the [F.sub.1] crosses between resistant and susceptible lines and resistant and resistant lines, and the [F.sub.2] and [BC.sub.1] generations were evaluated for broomrape resistance with the widespread highly virulent population SE 194. Genetic ratios from segregating generations indicated that resistance to O. cernua in these lines was conferred by a single dominant gene. None of the crosses between resistant lines produced susceptible [F.sub.2] or [BC.sub.1] plants. However, the reaction of the resistant lines to broomrape populations from different areas and years showed differences to new highly virulent populations. Only two lines were resistant to all populations, indicating that resistance in these lines was conferred by additional dominant alleles at the Or locus or by a cluster of very tightly linked non-allelic genes. The resistance found in the two cultivated lines against the new populations, which overcome the [Or.sub.5] resistance gene, is an important finding and will aid the development of new resistant cultivars since the current resistant hybrids are based on this gene. Results from this study can also be used to establish differential lines against the new broomrape populations., Broomrape is a parasitic angiosperm infecting the roots of sunflower and causing severe crop losses in Spain and other countries of southern Europe, as well as in many of the [...]

To assess and compare the diagnostic performance of O-RADS classification when using IOTA lexicon or ADNEX model as criteria for assigning O-RADS group and expert subjective impression. Adnexal masses were classified according to O-RADS classification using the criterion of IOTA lexicon and according to risk of malignancy determined by ADNEX model. O-RADS classification using IOTA lexicon showed a trend to significantly better diagnostic performance in terms of sensitivity Subjective impression was significantly better than O-RADS. [Extracted from the article]

Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios for detecting adnexal malignancy were calculated separately considering O-RADS groups 4 and 5 as suspicious for malignancy. OP07.12: Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound O-RADS for classifying adnexal mass: systematic review and meta-analysis To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound O-RADS classification for discriminating benign from malignant adnexal masses. [Extracted from the article]

OP07.06: GI-RADS versus O-RADS as classification reporting system for adnexal masses: a prospective comparative study To compare GI-RADS and O-RADS reporting systems for managing adnexal masses. According to O-RADS, masses had been classified as follows: O-RADS-2: 28, O-RADS 3: 173, O-RADS-4: 25 and O-RADS-5: 14. 136 masses were managed conservatively and 104 were removed surgically. [Extracted from the article]

Little is known about how the virulence of a human pathogen varies in the environment it shares with its vector. This study focused on whether the virulence of Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), the causal agent of Chagas' disease, is related to altitude. Accordingly, Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) specimens were collected at three different altitudes (300, 700 and 1400 m a.s.l.) in Chiapas, Mexico. The parasite was then isolated to infect uninfected T. dimidiata from the same altitudes, as well as female CD-1 mice. The response variables were phenoloxidase (PO) activity, a key insect immune response, parasitaemia in mice, and amastigote numbers in the heart, oesophagus, gastrocnemius and brain of the rodents. The highest levels of PO activity, parasitaemia and amastigotes were found for Tryp. cruzi isolates sourced from 700 m a.s.l., particularly in the mouse brain. A polymerase chain reaction-based analysis indicated that all Tryp. cruzi isolates belonged to a Tryp. cruzi I lineage. Thus, Tryp. cruzi from 700 m a.s.l. may be more dangerous than sources at other altitudes. At this altitude, T. dimidiata is more common, apparently because the conditions are more beneficial to its development. Control strategies should focus activity at altitudes around 700 m a.s.l., at least in relation to the region of the present study sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]