653 results on '"Vanak AT"'
Search Results
152. The importance of history in understanding large tree mortality in African savannas
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Das, Arundhati A., primary, Thaker, Maria, additional, Coetsee, Corli, additional, Slotow, Rob, additional, and Vanak, Abi T., additional
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- 2021
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153. Free-ranging dogs as a potential threat to Iranian mammals
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Nayeri, Danial, primary, Mohammadi, Alireza, additional, Qashqaei, Ali T., additional, Vanak, Abi Tamim, additional, and Gompper, Matthew E., additional
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- 2021
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154. Author response for 'The importance of history in understanding large tree mortality in African savannas'
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Rob Slotow, Corli Coetsee, Arundhati A. Das, Abi Tamim Vanak, and Maria Thaker
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Tree (data structure) ,Geography ,Agroforestry - Published
- 2021
155. Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
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Prashanth N. Srinivas, M. M. Chanda, R. Chandarana, J. Joshi, F. A. Asaaga, SL Hoti, Meera Anna Oommen, Bethan V. Purse, J. August, Juliette Young, Abi Tamim Vanak, T. Seshadri, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK., UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru 560 054, India, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK, Centre for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, B-25, Lajpat Nagar-2, New Delhi, India., ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka New Town, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa., DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance, Hyderabad 500034, India, Institute of Public Health, Banashankari 2nd Stage, Bangalore 560 070, India, and ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, Karnataka 590010, India
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medicine.medical_specialty ,health systemIndia ,030231 tropical medicine ,Acknowledgement ,Psychological intervention ,India ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,one health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Animals ,Humans ,Health system ,National Policy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Disease surveillance ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emerging infectious disease ,Public relations ,cross-sectoral convergence ,zoonoses ,One Health ,Biology and Microbiology ,Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,rmerging infectious disease ,Research Article - Abstract
Background There is a strong policy impetus for the One Health cross-sectoral approach to address the complex challenge of zoonotic diseases, particularly in low/lower middle income countries (LMICs). Yet the implementation of this approach in LMIC contexts such as India has proven challenging, due partly to the relatively limited practical guidance and understanding on how to foster and sustain cross-sector collaborations. This study addresses this gap by exploring the facilitators of and barriers to successful convergence between the human, animal and environmental health sectors in India. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted using a detailed content review of national policy documents and in-depth semi-structured interview data on zoonotic disease management in India. In total, 29 policy documents were reviewed and 15 key informant interviews were undertaken with national and state level policymakers, disease managers and experts operating within the human-animal-environment interface of zoonotic disease control. Results Our findings suggest that there is limited policy visibility of zoonotic diseases, although global zoonoses, especially those identified to be of pandemic potential by international organisations (e.g. CDC, WHO and OIE) rather than local, high burden endemic diseases, have high recognition in the existing policy agenda setting. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration, a myriad of factors operated to either constrain or facilitate the success of cross-sectoral convergence at different stages (i.e. information-sharing, undertaking common activities and merging resources and infrastructure) of cross-sectoral action. Importantly, participants identified the lack of supportive policies, conflicting departmental priorities and limited institutional capacities as major barriers that hamper effective cross-sectoral collaboration on zoonotic disease control. Building on existing informal inter-personal relationships and collaboration platforms were suggested by participants as the way forward. Conclusion Our findings point to the importance of strengthening existing national policy frameworks as a first step for leveraging cross-sectoral capacity for improved disease surveillance and interventions. This requires the contextual adaptation of the One Health approach in a manner that is sensitive to the underlying socio-political, institutional and cultural context that determines and shapes outcomes of cross-sector collaborative arrangements.
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- 2021
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156. Mapping the distribution and extent of India’s semi-arid open natural ecosystems
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Abi Vanak and M D Madhusudan
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Geography ,Habitat ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Range (biology) ,Distribution (economics) ,Ecosystem ,Natural ecosystem ,business ,Arid - Abstract
Open Natural Ecosystems (ONEs), consisting of a range of non-forested habitats, are under threat worldwide. These ecosystems range from deserts to savanna grasslands, and host amongst the highest d...
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- 2021
157. Nonphysician Health Professionals
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Stimpfel, Amy W., primary, Vanak, Jill M., additional, and Aiken, Linda H., additional
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- 2015
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158. Chemical properties of virgin olive oil from Iranian cultivars grown in the Fadak and Gilvan regions
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M. Homapour, M. Ghavami, Z. Piravi-Vanak, and S. E. Hosseini
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chemical composition ,iranian cultivar ,virgin olive oil ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemical compositions (total phenol, fatty acid, sterolic compounds) of Iranian virgin olive oil (Zard, Rowghani, Mari) cultivated in the Gilvan (Zanjan Province) and Fadak (Qom Province) regions. Total phenols were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Fatty acid and sterol profiles were also analyzed using gas chromatography. In most cases, significant effects (P < 0.05) of cultivars and locations were detected by the chemical composition of the oil samples. The fatty acid analysis indicated that the Mari variety from Gilvan had high oleic/low linoleic acid content; therefore it is a highly resistant olive oil against oxidation. Furthermore, the high mean values of total sterols were also obtained for the Mari variety. The oil of the Zard variety from Gilvan had the maximum amount of phenols as a positive quality index. Therefore, the Mari variety, especially from Gilvan has been suggested as a superior cultivar compared to the Zard and Rowghani varieties.
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- 2014
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159. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements
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Wiebke Ullmann, Abdullahi H. Ali, Flávia Koch, Marlee A. Tucker, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Alexander M. Moßbrucker, Adam T. Ford, Scott D. LaPoint, Agnieszka Sergiel, Koji Yamazaki, Peter M. Kappeler, Christina Fischer, David H. O’Connor, Nucharin Songsasen, Dustin H. Ranglack, Matthew J. Kauffman, Pamela Castro Antunes, Bruce D. Patterson, Jerrold L. Belant, Abhijeet Kulkarni, Katherine Mertes, Jenna Stacy-Dawes, Christopher E. Moorman, Anjan Katna, Melissa Songer, J. Antonio de la Torre, Nuria Selva, Randall B. Boone, Julian Fennessy, Ben T. Hirsch, A. Catherine Markham, Niels Blaum, Christopher S. DePerno, Morgan B. Swingen, Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller, Richard W. Yarnell, Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Roland Kays, Briana Abrahms, Yayoi Kaneko, Nina Attias, Abi Tamim Vanak, Maria Thaker, Michael J. Noonan, Damien Caillaud, René Janssen, Claudia Fichtel, Guilherme Mourão, Florian Jeltsch, Susan C. Alberts, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Filip Zięba, J.J.A. Dekker, David W. Macdonald, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Thomas Mueller, Laura R. Bidner, Laura A. McMahon, John W. Wilson, Jeanne Altmann, Mohammad S. Farhadinia, Lynne A. Isbell, Jennifer Pastorini, Jacob R. Goheen, David M. Scantlebury, Jared A. Stabach, Neil Reid, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, Dean E. Beyer, Janet L. Rachlow, Christen H. Fleming, Margaret C. Crofoot, Peter Leimgruber, William F. Fagan, Dawn M. Scott, Petra Kaczensky, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Justin M. Calabrese, Cindy M. Hurtado, MICHAEL J. NOONAN, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, CHRISTEN H. FLEMING, University of Maryland, MARLEE A. TUCKER, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, ROLAND KAYS, Museum of Natural Sciences, Biodiversity Lab, Raleigh, AUTUMN-LYNN HARRISON, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, D.C, MARGARET C. CROFOOT, University of California, Davis, BRIANA ABRAHMS, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, SUSAN C. ALBERTS, Duke University, Durham, ABDULLAHI H. ALI, Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, JEANNE ALTMANN, Princeton University, PAMELA CASTRO ANTUNES, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, NINA ATTIAS, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, JERROLD L. BELANT, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, DEAN E. BEYER JUNIOR, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, LAURA R. BIDNER, Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, NIELS BLAUM, University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, RANDALL B. BOONE, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, DAMIEN CAILLAUD, Colorado State University, ROGERIO CUNHA DE PAULA, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, J. ANTONIO DE LA TORRE, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico and CONACyT, JASJA DEKKER, Jasja Dekker Dierecologie, CHRISTOPHER S. DEPERNO, University of Oxford, Tubney House, MOHAMMAD FARHADINIA, Future4Leopards Foundation, Tehran, JULIAN FENNESSY, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, PO, CLAUDIA FICHTEL, German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, CHRISTINA FISCHER, Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, ADAM FORD, The University of British Columbia, JACOB R. GOHEEN, University of Wyoming, Laramie, RASMUS W. HAVMØLLER, University of California, Davis, BEN T. HIRSCH, James Cook University, Townsville, CINDY HURTADO, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, LYNNE A. ISBELL, Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, RENÉ JANSSEN, 6Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Valderstraat, FLORIAN JELTSCH, University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, PETRA KACZENSKY, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, YAYOI KANEKO, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, PETER KAPPELER, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), ANJAN KATNA, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, MATTHEW KAUFFMAN, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, FLAVIA KOCH, German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, ABHIJEET KULKARNI, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), SCOTT LAPOINT, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, PETER LEIMGRUBER, University of Wyoming, DAVID W. MACDONALD, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, A. CATHERINE MARKHAM, Black Rock Forest, LAURA MCMAHON, Office of Applied Science, Department of Natural Resources, KATHERINE MERTES, Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores, CHRISTOPHER E. MOORMAN, Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee, RONALDO G. MORATO, National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, ALEXANDER M. MOßBRUCKER, Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee, GUILHERME DE MIRANDA MOURAO, CPAP, DAVID O'CONNOR, San Diego Zoo Institute of Conservation Research, LUIZ GUSTAVO R. OLIVEIRA-SANTOS, National Geographic Partners, JENNIFER PASTORINI, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, BRUCE D. PATTERSON, Centre for Conservation and Research, Sri Lanka, JANET RACHLOW, Anthropologisches Institut, Switzerland, DUSTIN H. RANGLACK, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NEIL REID, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, DAVID M. SCANTLEBURY, Queen's University Belfast, DAWN M. SCOTT, Keele University, Keele, NURIA SELVA, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, AGNIESZKA SERGIEL, Treaty Authority, Duluth, MELISSA SONGER, Asociación Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT, NUCHARIN SONGSASEN, Instituto Saite, Paraguay, JARED A. STABACH, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, Hyderabad, India, JENNA STACY-DAWES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, MORGAN B. SWINGEN, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, JEFFREY J. THOMPSON, University of Pretoria, WIEBKE ULLMANN, Ibaraki Nature Museum, Osaki, ABI TAMIM VANAK, University of Agriculture, Tokyo, MARIA THAKER, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, JOHN W. WILSON, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, KOJI YAMAZAKI, Ibaraki Nature Museum, Osaki, RICHARD W. YARNELL, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, FILIP ZIEBA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, TOMASZ ZWIJACZ-KOZICA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, WILLIAM F. FAGAN, University of Maryland, College Park, THOMAS MUELLER, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, and JUSTIN M. CALABRESE, National Zoological Park, Front Royal.
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Basic medical, dental and veterinary sciences: 710 [VDP] ,0106 biological sciences ,conservación basada en áreas ,autocorrelation ,distribución local ,home range ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Homing Behavior ,核密度估计 ,Statistics ,保护区设计 ,Body Size ,标度 ,SDG 15 - Life on Land ,Mammals ,area‐based conservation ,家域 ,Ecology ,diseño de reserva ,Conservação ,scaling ,自相关 ,Biological Sciences ,ddc ,Comportamento Animal ,Reserve design ,动物移动 ,Global Positioning System ,kernel density estimation ,Animal behavior ,570 Biowissenschaften ,Biologie ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Conservation status ,Life on Land ,Home range ,Kernel density estimation ,movimiento de mamíferos ,010603 evolutionary biology ,ddc:570 ,Space use ,allometry ,Animals ,Humans ,SF ,Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710 [VDP] ,area-based conservation ,Institut für Biochemie und Biologie ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,alometría ,QL ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,allometry, animal movement, area-based conservation, autocorrelation, home range, kernel density estimation, reserve design, scaling ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Autocorrelation ,Endangered Species ,escalamiento ,Ranging ,异速增长 ,Conservation Methods ,animal movement ,区域保护 ,estimación de densidad del núcleo ,autocorrelación ,Environmental science ,Mamífero ,Allometry ,Generic health relevance ,business ,reserve design ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area‐based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home‐range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home‐range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross‐validation to quantify bias in empirical home‐range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum., Article impact statement: Due to autocorrelation‐induced bias, conventional methods severely underestimate the area requirements of GPS‐tracked large mammals.
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- 2020
160. Home range variation in leopards living across the human density gradient
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Villiers Steyn, Christopher C. Wilmers, Abi Tamim Vanak, Cailey R. Owen, Sanjay Gubbi, Rob Slotow, Vidya Athreya, Luke T. B. Hunter, James A. Spalton, Laura R. Bidner, Lynne A. Isbell, Matthew E. Gompper, Morten Odden, Matthew H. Snider, Andrew B. Stein, Guy A. Balme, Julien Fattebert, Roland Kays, Mohammed S. Farhadinia, David W. Macdonald, and Florian J. Weise
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0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Range (biology) ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Home range ,Wildlife ,Leopard ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Population density ,Predation ,Geography ,Habitat ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Panthera ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Home range size is a fundamental measure of animal space use, providing insight into habitat quality, animal density, and social organization. Human impacts increasingly are affecting wildlife, especially among wide-ranging species that encounter anthropogenic disturbance. Leopards (Panthera pardus) provide a useful model for studying this relationship because leopards coexist with people at high and low human densities and are sensitive to human disturbance. To compare leopard home range size across a range of human densities and other environmental conditions, we combined animal tracking data from 74 leopards in multiple studies with new analytical techniques that accommodate different sampling regimes. We predicted that home ranges would be smaller in more productive habitats and areas of higher human population density due to possible linkage with leopard prey subsidies from domestic species. We also predicted that male leopards would have larger home ranges than those of females. Home ranges varied in size from 14.5 km2 in India to 885.6 km2 in Namibia, representing a 60-fold magnitude of variation. Home range stability was evident for 95.2% of nontranslocated individuals and 38.5% of translocated individuals. Leopard home range sizes were negatively correlated with landscape productivity, and males used larger areas than females. Leopards in open habitats had a predicted negative correlation in home range size with human population density, but leopards in closed habitats used larger home ranges in areas with more people.
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- 2021
161. Habitat specificity drives differences in space‐use patterns of multiple mesocarnivores in an agroecosystem
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Katna, A., primary, Kulkarni, A., additional, Thaker, M., additional, and Vanak, A. T., additional
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- 2021
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162. Mapping the distribution and extent of India’s semi-arid open natural ecosystems
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Madhusudan, M D, primary and Vanak, Abi, additional
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- 2021
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163. Home range variation in leopards living across the human density gradient
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Snider, Matthew H, primary, Athreya, Vidya R, additional, Balme, Guy A, additional, Bidner, Laura R, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammed S, additional, Fattebert, Julien, additional, Gompper, Matthew E, additional, Gubbi, Sanjay, additional, Hunter, Luke T B, additional, Isbell, Lynne A, additional, Macdonald, David W, additional, Odden, Morten, additional, Owen, Cailey R, additional, Slotow, Rob, additional, Spalton, James A, additional, Stein, Andrew B, additional, Steyn, Villiers, additional, Vanak, Abi T, additional, Weise, Florian J, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C, additional, and Kays, Roland, additional
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- 2021
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164. Mainstreaming human and large carnivore coexistence through institutional collaboration
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Abi Tamim Vanak, Ben C. Scheele, Laurențiu Rozylowicz, Euan G. Ritchie, John D. C. Linnell, and Tibor Hartel
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0106 biological sciences ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Asia ,Carnivora ,Mainstreaming ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Political science ,Animals ,Humans ,Mainstream ,Carnivore ,Curriculum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Ecology ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Corporate governance ,Stakeholder ,Biodiversity ,Public relations ,Europe ,Sustainability ,business ,Discipline - Abstract
Achieving coexistence between large carnivores and humans in human-dominated landscapes (HDLs) is a key challenge for societies globally. This challenge cannot be adequately met with the current sectoral approaches to HDL governance and an academic community largely dominated by disciplinary sectors. Academia (universities and other research institutions and organizations) should take a more active role in embracing societal challenges around conservation of large carnivores in HDLs by facilitating cross-sectoral cooperation to mainstream coexistence of humans and large carnivores. Drawing on lessons from populated regions of Europe, Asia, and South America with substantial densities of large carnivores, we suggest academia should better embrace the principles and methods of sustainability sciences and create institutional spaces for the implementation of transdisciplinary curricula and projects; reflect on research approaches (i.e., disciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) they apply and how their outcomes could aid leveraging institutional transformations for mainstreaming; and engage with various institutions and stakeholder groups to create novel institutional structures that can respond to multiple challenges of HDL management and human-large carnivore coexistence. Success in mainstreaming this coexistence in HDL will rest on the ability to think and act cooperatively. Such a conservation achievement, if realized, stands to have far-reaching benefits for people and biodiversity.Incorporación de la Coexistencia entre Humanos y Carnívoros Mayores por Medio de la Colaboración Institucional Resumen Un reto importante para las sociedades mundiales es lograr la coexistencia entre los carnívoros mayores y los humanos en los paisajes dominados por el hombre (HDL, en inglés). Este reto no puede enfrentarse adecuadamente con las actuales estrategias sectoriales que se usan en la gobernanza de los HDL y con una comunidad académica dominada principalmente por sectores disciplinarios. La academia (las universidades y demás instituciones y organizaciones de investigación) debería realizar un papel más activo en la aceptación de los retos sociales que rodean a la conservación de los carnívoros mayores en los HDL al facilitar la cooperación intersectorial para incorporar la coexistencia entre humanos y dichos carnívoros. A partir de las lecciones aprendidas en las regiones pobladas por densidades abundantes de carnívoros mayores en América del Sur, Asia y Europa, sugerimos que la academia debería aceptar de mejor manera los principios y métodos de las ciencia de la sustentabilidad y crear espacios institucionales para la implementación de currículos y proyectos; reflexionar sobre las estrategias de investigación (es decir, disciplinaria, interdisciplinaria o transdisciplinaria) que aplican y cómo sus resultados podrían ayudar en fomentar las transformaciones institucionales para la incorporación; y participar junto a varias instituciones y grupos de accionistas para crear estructuras institucionales novedosas que puedan responder a los múltiples retos del manejo de los HDL y de la coexistencia entre humanos y carnívoros mayores. El éxito en la incorporación de esta coexistencia en los HDL dependerá de la habilidad para pensar y actuar cooperativamente. Tal logro de conservación, si se alcanza, promete tener beneficios de largo alcance para las personas y para la biodiversidad.在人类主导景观中实现人与大型食肉动物的共存, 是全世界面临的一个重要挑战。然而, 目前对人类主导景观的部门管理方法和主要由学科领域主导的学术团体尚不足以应对这一挑战。学术界 (大学及研究组织机构) 应通过促进跨部门合作, 在应对人类主导景观中大型食肉动物保护的社会挑战中发挥更积极的作用, 以实现人类与大型食肉动物共存的主流化。借鉴欧洲、亚洲和南美洲人口与大型食肉动物密集地区的经验, 我们建议学术界应进一步采取可持续发展的原则和方法, 创造制度空间以开展超学科课程和项目;思考所应用的研究方法 (单一学科、交叉学科和超学科) 及其研究成果如何帮助推动有利于主流化的机构改革;另外, 还应与各种机构和利益相关群体合作, 创造新的制度结构, 以响应人类主导景观管理和人与大型食肉动物共存的挑战。在人类主导景观中实现共存的成功与否将取决于思考和行动协作的能力。如果能够实现这样的保护成就, 将对人类和生物多样性产生深远的好处。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.
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- 2019
165. The fatal flaws of compassionate conservation
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Dan Brockington, Bram Büscher, Abi Tamim Vanak, Robert Fletcher, Meera Anna Oommen, Rosie Cooney, Madhuri Ramesh, Daniel J. D. Natusch, Grahame Webb, Michael Archer, and Kartik Shanker
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Ecology ,Political science ,Sociology of Development and Change ,Life Science ,WASS ,Sociologie van Ontwikkeling en Verandering ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Published
- 2019
166. Formulation and Characterization of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Made from Blends of Refined Palm Olein, and Soybean, Olive, Fish, and Virgin Coconut Oils
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Zahra Piravi-Vanak, Jamshid Farmani, and Teimoor Mohammadi
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Palm olein ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Milk fat ,Organic Chemistry ,%22">Fish ,Food science ,Fish oil - Published
- 2019
167. Pertussis Immunity and Response to Tetanus-Reduced Diphtheria-Reduced Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) after Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
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Small, Trudy N., Zelenetz, Andrew D., Noy, Ariela, Rice, R. David, Trippett, Tanya M., Abrey, Lauren, Portlock, Carol S., McCullagh, Emily J., Vanak, Jill M., Mulligan, Ann Marie, and Moskowitz, Craig H.
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- 2009
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168. Occupancy and diet of the Indian desert fox Vulpes vulpes pusilla in a Prosopis juliflora invaded semi-arid grassland
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Chetan Misher and Abi Tamim Vanak
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0106 biological sciences ,Vulpes ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Shrub ,Invasive species ,Grassland ,Mesopredator release hypothesis ,parasitic diseases ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Vulpes vulpes pusilla ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,ved/biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Arid ,010601 ecology ,Geography ,Habitat ,geographic locations - Abstract
Encroachment by woody invasive plants has been recognized as a major driver of structural change in grasslands ecosystems. The impact of invasive plant-mediated changes on mammalian species from higher trophic levels is relatively less understood. This study aims to understand the impact of woody encroachment on the ecology of a relatively understudied mesopredator, the Indian desert fox Vulpes v. pusilla in a semi-arid saline grassland ecosystem in Western India. We examined the site occupancy of the Indian desert fox at the landscape level, and den site selection at the micro-habitat scale. We also examined the diet of desert foxes during winter and summer season. We found that at the landscape level the desert fox selects more open Suaeda saline habitats over dense invasive Prosopis juliflora dominated habitats. At the scale of the den, proximity to water and vegetation cover were the main drivers of den site selection. Similar to other arid zone foxes, insects, plant materials and small mammals were the main components of the diet of Indian desert fox. Given its selection of open habitats, invasive shrub encroachment is likely to result in a loss of habitat as well as resources for this species, potentially impacting on the conservation status of this already range-restricted species in India.
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- 2021
169. Additional file 5 of Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
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Asaaga, F. A., Young, J. C., Oommen, M. A., Chandarana, R., August, J., Joshi, J., Chanda, M. M., Vanak, A. T., Srinivas, P. N., Hoti, S. L., Seshadri, T., and Purse, B. V.
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Additional file 5: Supplementary Figure 3. Flowchart of the selection process of relevant documents. Authors’ construct.
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- 2021
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170. Additional file 1 of Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
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Asaaga, F. A., Young, J. C., Oommen, M. A., Chandarana, R., August, J., Joshi, J., Chanda, M. M., Vanak, A. T., Srinivas, P. N., Hoti, S. L., Seshadri, T., and Purse, B. V.
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Data_FILES - Abstract
Additional file 1. Interview Guide for Key Informants.
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- 2021
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171. Additional file 4 of Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
- Author
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Asaaga, F. A., Young, J. C., Oommen, M. A., Chandarana, R., August, J., Joshi, J., Chanda, M. M., Vanak, A. T., Srinivas, P. N., Hoti, S. L., Seshadri, T., and Purse, B. V.
- Abstract
Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure 2. Schematic representation of the organisation of the animal health sector in India, showing the network of actors and information flow. Source: Authors’ construct.
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- 2021
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172. Additional file 2 of Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
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Asaaga, F. A., Young, J. C., Oommen, M. A., Chandarana, R., August, J., Joshi, J., Chanda, M. M., Vanak, A. T., Srinivas, P. N., Hoti, S. L., Seshadri, T., and Purse, B. V.
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Additional file 2. List of policy documents included in final analysis.
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- 2021
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173. Additional file 3 of Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
- Author
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Asaaga, F. A., Young, J. C., Oommen, M. A., Chandarana, R., August, J., Joshi, J., Chanda, M. M., Vanak, A. T., Srinivas, P. N., Hoti, S. L., Seshadri, T., and Purse, B. V.
- Abstract
Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic representation of the organisation of the human health sector in India, showing the network of actors and information flow. Source: Planning Commission of India (2011) as cited by Gupta and Bhatia (undated). The Indian Health Care System. Available online at https://international.commonwealthfund.org/countries/india/ (Accessed on 19/02/2020).
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- 2021
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174. Triglyceride, Phospholipid and Tocopherol Contents of Grape Seed Oil Extracted Using Cold Press and Hexane.
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Malati, AliEbrahimi, Rezaei, Karamatollah, Pourfarzad, Amir, Piravi-vanak, Zahra, and Karimi, Rouhollah
- Abstract
In the present study, two methods were used to extract oil from seeds of Sardasht black grapewith normal-hexane and cold press.The average efficiency rate of oil extraction by the formermethod was obtained at 12.6% and that of the latter was 17.2%. Meanwhile, in order to examine the quality of the oilsextracted by these two methods, peroxide value, acid value, sapponification number, total phenolic contents, antioxidant power and iodine valuewere evaluated. The compositions of fatty acids of oil samples extracted by both methods were identified using gas chromatography technique. Similarly, the triglyceride composition, phospholipids composition and tocopherol values of the oil samples extracted were studied. The results showed that the dominant fatty acids available in cold-pressand solvent extraction methods were linoleic acid at 63.5 and 66.7% and oleic acid at 19.7 and 17.7%, respectively. Moreover, in both extracted oil samples, trilinoleinwith values at 28.9 and 28.5%, oleoyldilinolein with values at 19.5 and 20.5%and palmitoyldilinolein with values at 18.5 and 17.1% were the dominant triglyceride compounds, respectively. The value of phospholipids composition in the oil extracted by cold-presswas 61 mg/kg and that of solventextractionwas 45mg/kg. The dominant values of tocotrienol compositions in oil samples extracted by coldpresswere gamma tocotrienol and alpha tocotrienol at 66.0 and 23.1%, respectively and the corresponding values in oil samples extracted by solvent method were at 33.3 and 53.0%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
175. change in fatty acids composition of milk products during the traditional ghee-making process
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GH.R Bahrami, H Rahi, and Z Pyravi-vanak
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fatty acid ,butter ,ghee ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
seasonal variation of fatty acids composition of milk and various milk products have been subjected to many investigations.however ,most of the researches are concerned with a single product and apparantly there is no inforation about the extent and the factors which contribute to changes in fatty acids composition of lipids in the process of ghee-making by the traditional methods.thus comparative evaluation of quality and quantity of fatty acids in milk and its products which is used in ghee-making bu traditional methods was the subject of this study.sammles of milk,yoghourt,butter, and ghee prepared from the same milk were collected from differnt rural regions of Kermanshah province.the total lipid of each sample was extracted and subjected to fatty acid analysis by HPLC.the results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.starting from milk and ending with Ghee,a statically meaningful changes of fatty acid composition in each sample were observed.the obvious chanes include,a relative increase of short chain fatty acids(C to C12) and a decrease in long chain saturated fatty acids (C14,C16,C18).compared to commercial butter,the cholesterol level was lower in ghee.in conclusion the traditional method of ghee making seems to be beneficial to nutritional values of butter ghee.therefore some aspect of the process may be applied for improvment of the commerial methods of butter processing.
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- 1999
176. Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study
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Burthe, Sarah J., primary, Schäfer, Stefanie M., additional, Asaaga, Festus A., additional, Balakrishnan, Natrajan, additional, Chanda, Mohammed Mudasssar, additional, Darshan, Narayanaswamy, additional, Hoti, Subhash L., additional, Kiran, Shivani K., additional, Seshadri, Tanya, additional, Srinivas, Prashanth N., additional, Vanak, Abi T., additional, and Purse, Bethan V., additional
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- 2021
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177. Dogs as predators and trophic regulators
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Ritchie, Euan G., primary, Dickman, Christopher R., additional, Letnic, Mike, additional, and Vanak, Abi Tamim, additional
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- 2013
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178. Top-dogs and under-dogs
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Vanak, Abi Tamim, primary, Dickman, Christopher R., additional, Silva-Rodriguez, Eduardo A., additional, Butler, James R.A., additional, and Ritchie, Euan G., additional
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- 2013
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179. The effect of the smoking process on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contents in Hashemi and Domsiah rice cultivars
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Seyyed Mahdi Seyedain Ardabili, Masoud Honarvar, Zahra Piravi-Vanak, Nargess Mooraki, and Fatemeh Fazeli
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Horticulture ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Scientific method ,General Chemistry ,Cultivar ,Food Science - Published
- 2020
180. The Company Canids Confront: Spatiotemporal Partitioning at Local Scales Facilitates Carnivore Coexistence at the Landscape Level
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Abi Tamim Vanak and Devarajan K
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Geography ,Habitat ,Ecology ,Threatened species ,Guild ,Spatial ecology ,Character displacement ,Wildlife ,Carnivore ,Temporal scales - Abstract
Canids are the most widely distributed carnivores in the world. The increasing impacts of commensal carnivores such as free-ranging dogs on wildlife communities has resulted in an urgent need to understand putative interactions within carnivore guilds. It is thus imperative to understand the processes driving canid assemblages in different landscapes and at multiple spatial and temporal scales, in order to conserve and manage wildlife communities. Here, we demonstrate the complex interactions and spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the coexistence of co-occurring carnivores in a landscape modified by the invasive, Prosopis juliflora. We investigated spatial, temporal, and habitat partitioning within a guild of four co-occurring canids in the arid northwest of India. The results indicate complex associations between the study species, where co-occurrence at the local spatial scale between species corresponds with temporal partitioning. Our study offers evidence that avoidance at the local scale and coexistence at the landscape scale are maintained in co-occurring intra-guild carnivores that are of similar body size through both facultative and behavioral character displacement such as temporal partitioning. It has also resulted in essential baseline information on the occurrence and distribution patterns of multiple canids in a human-dominated and understudied landscape threatened by global change. Understanding these biotic and abiotic drivers that impact carnivore guilds is crucial for the conservation and management of communities at the landscape scale.
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- 2020
181. Rabies as a public health concern in India – a historical perspective
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Christl A. Donnelly, Pierre Nouvellet, Sreejith Radhakrishnan, Abi Tamim Vanak, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Trust
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Review ,Colonialism ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal rabies ,Political science ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,British India ,Civil Veterinary Department ,stray dogs ,Pasteur Institute ,colonial ,Scientific enterprise ,Government ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Public health ,lcsh:R ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Rabies - Abstract
India bears the highest burden of global dog-mediated human rabies deaths. Despite this, rabies is not notifiable in India and continues to be underprioritised in public health discussions. This review examines the historical treatment of rabies in British India, a disease which has received relatively less attention in the literature on Indian medical history. Human and animal rabies was widespread in British India, and treatment of bite victims imposed a major financial burden on the colonial Government of India. It subsequently became a driver of Pasteurism in India and globally and a key component of British colonial scientific enterprise. Efforts to combat rabies led to the establishment of a wide network of research institutes in India and important breakthroughs in development of rabies vaccines. As a result of these efforts, rabies no longer posed a significant threat to the British, and it declined in administrative and public health priorities in India towards the end of colonial rule—a decline that has yet to be reversed in modern-day India. The review also highlights features of the administrative, scientific and societal approaches to dealing with this disease in British India that persist to this day.
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- 2020
182. Exploratory analysis to enhance operational efficiency of new patient screenings
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Vanak Huot, Junjie Xu, Britta Magnuson, Hardik Sonani, Shawn J Kim, and Nirav Patel
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,Patient demographics ,education ,02 engineering and technology ,Efficiency ,Dental education ,Zip code ,03 medical and health sciences ,Appointments and Schedules ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electronic health record ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Operational efficiency ,Medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,business.industry ,Dental Clinics ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Exploratory analysis ,Family medicine ,Female ,Diagnosis code ,business ,Lead time ,Boston - Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to 1) evaluate patient demographic data for new patient exams (NPE) and 2) analyze lead response time for checked-in and no-show appointments in predoctoral clinics in a dental school. Methods The data for the study were collected from the predoctoral clinics at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM) for patients with NPE appointments with American Dental Association's (ADA) diagnostic code of D100. A total of 26,826 appointments and 24,419 unique patients were reviewed from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Patient demographic variables such as age, gender, zip codes, and lead response time were analyzed. Results From 26,826 total number of appointments, 10,454 appointments were categorized as no-show appointments (38.97%). In the no-show appointments, the sex distribution was 59.93% female and 40.07% male, and in checked-in category, the sex distribution was 53.75% female and 46.25% male. As the lead response time increased over 5 days, the no-show rate increased to 49.79%. Approximately 55% of the entire NPE was from Greater Boston area. Conclusion The association between lead time and no-show rate was shown that when lead time was reduced, no-show rate decreased. By identifying the no-show appointments and lead time, schools and clinics can improve operational efficiency, reduce financial loss, and maintain continuation of care by supporting patients who need access to care and creating secondary automated recall system to maximize communication and chair use.
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- 2020
183. Opinion: Envisioning a biodiversity science for sustaining human well-being
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Kamaljit S, Bawa, Nandan, Nawn, Ravi, Chellam, Jagdish, Krishnaswamy, Vinod, Mathur, Shannon B, Olsson, Nitin, Pandit, Prabhakar, Rajagopal, Mahesh, Sankaran, R Uma, Shaanker, Darshan, Shankar, Uma, Ramakrishnan, Abi Tamim, Vanak, and Suhel, Quader
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,Health Planning ,Opinion ,Decision Making ,Humans ,Biodiversity ,Global Health ,Environmental Health - Published
- 2020
184. Effect of co-extraction of pomegranate seed oil with green tea leaves on the extraction yield and quality of extracted oil
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Zeinab Dezashibi, Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi, and Zahra Piravi-Vanak
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Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biochemistry ,Food Science - Abstract
Co-extraction of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) with green tea leaves (GTL) (0 [control sample], 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% w/w) was conducted by cold-press to evaluate the extracted oil quality during storage. The extraction yield was similar to the control sample up to 5% w/w of GTL. Total phenol and chlorophyll content were increased in the extracted oils with increasing the level of GTL. The acid and peroxide values were increased during the storage and the lowest values were achieved for PSO with 5% GTL. Rancimat analysis also confirmed the PV results, therefore using 5% GTL led to providing the highest induction period (11.5 h). Consequently, using 5% of GTL during the extraction of PSO by cold-press could result in an appropriate extraction yield and also present higher oxidation stability. This method does not need any antioxidant extraction from herbs and is very cost-effective, time-efficient, and uses no chemicals.
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- 2022
185. Physicochemical properties of oil extracted from camelina (Camelina sativa) seeds as a new source of vegetable oil in different regions of Iran
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Danial Kahrizi, Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi, Fleming Martínez, Zahra Piravi-Vanak, Sezai Ercisli, Hossein Rostami Ahmadvandi, Nargess Mooraki, and Geoffrey P. Savage
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Camelina sativa ,food and beverages ,Biology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,biology.organism_classification ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Camelina ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,food ,Vegetable oil ,Linseed oil ,Materials Chemistry ,Edible oil ,Cultivar ,Food science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Camelina oil, as an alternative to linseed oil, is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids with higher oxidative stability and valuable nutritional properties. Although Iran is a suitable location for the cultivation of the Camelina sativa plant, it is not well known. Therefore, in this study, the physicochemical properties of camelina oil obtained from the Soheil cultivars grown in different regions of Iran (Ilam, Kermanshah, Fars, and Hamedan) were determined to be used as an edible oil source. Results showed that regions had a significant effect (p
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- 2022
186. Epidemiology of Viral Pathogens of Free-Ranging Dogs and Indian Foxes in a Human-Dominated Landscape in Central India
- Author
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Belsare, A. V., Vanak, A. T., and Gompper, M. E.
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- 2014
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187. Evaluation of Authenticity of Iranian Olive Oil by Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Profiles
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Piravi-Vanak, Z., Ghavami, M., Ezzatpanah, H., Arab, J., Safafar, H., and Ghasemi, Jahan B.
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- 2009
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188. Importance of native grassland habitat for den-site selection of Indian foxes in a fragmented landscape.
- Author
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Girish Arjun Punjabi, Ravi Chellam, and Abi Tamim Vanak
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Fragmentation of native habitats is now a ubiquitous phenomenon affecting wildlife at various scales. We examined selection of den-sites (n = 26) by Indian foxes (Vulpes bengalensis) in a highly modified short-grassland landscape in central India (Jan-May, 2010). At the scale of the home-range, defined by an 800 m circular buffer around den sites, we examined the effect of land-cover edges and roads on selection of sites for denning using a distance-based approach. At the smaller den-area scale, defined by a 25 m x 25 m plot around den and paired available sites, the effect of microhabitat characteristics was examined using discrete-choice models. Indian foxes selected den-sites closer to native grasslands (t = -9.57, P < 0.001) and roads (t = -2.04, P = 0.05) than random at the home-range scale. At the smaller scale, abundance of rodents and higher visibility increased the odds of selection of a site by eight and four times respectively, indicating resource availability and predator avoidance to be important considerations for foxes. Indian foxes largely chose to den in human-made structures, indicated by the proportion of dens found in earthen bunds (0.69) and boulder piles (0.27) in the study area. With agricultural expansion and human modification threatening native short-grassland habitats, their conservation and effective management in human-dominated landscapes will benefit the Indian fox. The presence of some human-made structures within native grasslands would also be beneficial for this den-dependent species. We suggest future studies examine the impact of fragmentation and connectivity of grasslands on survival and reproductive success of the Indian fox.
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- 2013
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189. Free-ranging dogs as a potential threat to Iranian mammals.
- Author
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Nayeri, Danial, Mohammadi, Alireza, Qashqaei, Ali T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, and Gompper, Matthew E.
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MAMMALS ,DOG attacks ,DOGS ,CARNIVORA ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,LYNX ,CHEETAH - Abstract
Free-ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris threaten wildlife species through predation, hybridization, competition for resources, and by contributing to the transmission of pathogens. The impacts of predation may be problematic, but in many regions the interactions of free-ranging dogs and wildlife are poorly studied. To determine the extent of the impacts of attacks by free-ranging dogs on Iranian mammals, we reviewed nearly 2 decades of social and traditional media reports and the scientific literature to gather data from across the country. We identified 160 free-ranging dog attacks (79 from academic articles, 14 from social media, and 67 from a variety of news websites) from 22 of the country's 31 provinces. Attacks by dogs were reported on 17 species, including nine Carnivora, six Artiodactyla, one Rodentia, and one Lagomorpha species. Most of the reported attacks on carnivores were on felids, including the Asiatic cheetah Acinonyx jubatus (n = 19), Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx (n = 18), caracal Caracal caracal (n = 10) and Pallas's cat Otocolobus manul (n = 8). Attacks on Artiodactyla were primarily reported for goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa (n = 47). Most of these attacks occurred within or adjacent to protected areas (n = 116, 73%), suggesting that free-ranging dogs are one of the most important human-associated threats to wildlife species even in protected landscapes. The impact of free-ranging dogs may be hampering conservation, and therefore we suggest some practical policy guidance for managing the impacts of free-ranging dogs on threatened species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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190. Occupancy and diet of the Indian desert fox Vulpes vulpes pusilla in a Prosopis juliflora invaded semi-arid grassland
- Author
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Misher, Chetan, primary and Vanak, Abi Tamim, additional
- Published
- 2021
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191. Securing biodiversity, securing our future: A national mission on biodiversity and human well-being for India
- Author
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Bawa, Kamaljit S., primary, Sengupta, Asmita, additional, Chavan, Vishwas, additional, Chellam, Ravi, additional, Ganesan, R., additional, Krishnaswamy, Jagdish, additional, Mathur, Vinod B., additional, Nawn, Nandan, additional, Olsson, Shannon B., additional, Pandit, Nitin, additional, Quader, Suhel, additional, Rajagopal, Prabhakar, additional, Ramakrishnan, Uma, additional, Ravikanth, G., additional, Sankaran, Mahesh, additional, Shankar, Darshan, additional, Seidler, Reinmar, additional, Shaanker, R. Uma, additional, and Vanak, Abi Tamim, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Evaluation of sterol composition in different formulations of cocoa milk as milk fat purity indicator
- Author
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ZARABADIPOUR, Fatemeh, primary, PIRAVI-VANAK, Zahra, additional, and AMINIFAR, Mehrnaz, additional
- Published
- 2021
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193. Evaluation of sterol composition in different formulations of cocoa milk as milk fat purity indicator
- Author
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Fatemeh Zarabadipour, Zahra Piravi-Vanak, and Mehrnaz Aminifar
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Campesterol ,phytosterols ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,authenticity ,010608 biotechnology ,polycyclic compounds ,T1-995 ,TX341-641 ,Food science ,Chemical composition ,Technology (General) ,Stigmasterol ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Cholesterol ,food and beverages ,cholesterol ,cocoa milk ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,Sterol ,chemistry ,cocoa powder ,Milk fat ,Composition (visual arts) ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Gas chromatography ,flavored milk ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Based on available national standards, the level of phytosterols in cocoa milk should not exceed 3% of sterol compounds. The aim of this study is to control the quality of the product and evaluate the sterol composition application as an indicator of cocoa milk fat authentic. Therefore, the first part of the present study aimed to examine the sterol composition of ingredients, including milk, cocoa powders. For this purpose, the level of phytosterols in products determined. After the preparation of samples, their sterol composition examined using gas chromatography. Results showed that the level of cholesterol and phytosterols in milk was 99.24 and 0.76, respectively. The examination of the sterol profile of cocoa powder revealed that the largest portion of sterol compounds belongs to beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol have the highest level among sterol compounds, respectively. In the second part of this study, the effect of adding various amounts (2, 5, and 8%) cocoa powders was examined on the level of phytosterols in milk due to determine the optimal amount of these compounds to observe standard ranges. As expected, by increasing the percentage of cocoa powders in the formulation of cocoa milk, the level of phytosterols increased.
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- 2020
194. Health Heatmap of India: An Open Data Platform
- Author
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Uma Ramakrishnan, Varnita Mathur, Akshay S Dinesh, Vijay Chandru, Prabhakar Rajagopal, Abi Tamim Vanak, Ravi Chellam, and B. R. Ansil
- Subjects
Open data ,BETA (programming language) ,Computer science ,Context (language use) ,computer ,Data science ,computer.programming_language ,Visualization - Abstract
Health Heatmap of India is an open data platform built for bringing together data from diverse sources and facilitating visualization, analysis, and insight building from such data. In this paper, we describe the context and need for such an open data platform and describe the technical aspects of building it. The beta site of the portal is available at http://healthheatmapindia.org
- Published
- 2020
195. Reviewing the Ecological Evidence-Base for Management of Emerging Tropical Zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as A Case Study
- Author
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Sarah J Burthe, Stefanie M. Schäfer, Festus A. Asaaga, Natrajan Balakrishnan, Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda, Narayanaswamy Darshan, Subhash L. Hoti, Shivani K. Kiran, Tanya Seshadri, Prashanth N. Srin, Abi T. Vanak, and Bethan V. Purse
- Abstract
Background Zoonotic diseases disproportionately affect poor tropical communities. Transmission dynamics of zoonoses are complex, involving communities of vector and animal hosts, with human behaviour and ecosystem use altering exposure to infected vectors and hosts. This complexity means that efforts to manage and prevent human spillover are often hampered by a poor ecological evidence base and intervention strategies tend to focus on humans (e.g. vaccination, preventative drug treatment). However, integrating ecological and evolutionary understanding of multi-vector and host transmission, human and environmental factors into disease control policy is essential. Recent frameworks have been developed to guide appropriate design of “ecological interventions” which have the potential for being more long-term, effective and economical approaches to managing human disease.Results We extended new frameworks to identify the hierarchical series of barriers that need to be overcome by a vector-borne pathogen to facilitate human spillover, focusing on an emerging, tick-borne zoonotic pathogen in India, Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV). Current management recommendations focus on human barriers, through personal protection and vaccination, as well as targeting vector control on cattle and at the sites of monkey deaths. Assessment of the validity of current management practices for KFD through literature review and interviews with disease managers found the efficacy of interventions difficult to quantify, due to poor empirical evidence and a lack of understanding of KFDV-vector-host ecology, particularly regarding the role of cattle in amplifying tick populations and the spatial scale of risk arising from ticks infected via monkeys, which are considered to be amplifying hosts for KFDV. The spraying of malathion around dead monkeys and the burning of vegetation to reduce tick abundance were particularly unfounded interventions. The need for community guidance and education in best practice for tick-prevention and improved vaccine efficacy and surveillance were also identified. We highlight 18 urgent research priorities and identify those which could refine current management strategies or facilitate ecological interventions targeting vectors and host barriers to spillover in the future. Conclusions We emphasise that inter-disciplinary One Health approaches involving collaboration across diverse disciplines including ecology, epidemiology, animal and public health, health systems and social sciences, and with meaningful involvement of local communities, are necessary to refine predictive models of spillover, develop new interventions and target vaccination strategies and surveillance more effectively. Applying such approaches to understand the complex ecological systems involved in zoonotic spillover, and refine and develop appropriate management interventions, including ecological interventions targeting non-human barriers, will ultimately lead to more sustainable and long-term reductions in human cases of neglected zoonoses in the future.
- Published
- 2020
196. Optimization of sunflower oil bleaching parameters: using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
- Author
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Zahra Piravi Vanak, Mehrdad Ghavami, Leila Sedaghat Boroujeni, and Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,food.ingredient ,Uv absorption ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,01 natural sciences ,Peroxide ,response surface methodology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,food ,Impurity ,010608 biotechnology ,bleaching process ,lcsh:Technology (General) ,Response surface methodology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Petroleum refining processes ,Sunflower oil ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,lcsh:T1-995 ,Oil quality ,sunflower oil ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,optimization ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Bleaching is an important part of the oil refining process, in which pigments, impurities, traces of metals, and oxidative-molecular components of oils are removed. In this regard, the optimization of bleaching conditions can be effective to increase oil quality. In this study, de-gummed and neutralized sunflower oil was bleached at 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 °C for 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 min by acid-activated bleaching clay with the concentrations of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, and 1.2% under laboratory conditions. At that point, peroxide, anisidine, plus Totox values, free fatty acid content, Rancimat, and specific UV absorption at 232 and 270 nm were analyzed via the RSM method. The model optimization using the RSM method revealed that the optimal conditions were 37.31 min, temperature 92.7 °C, and clay concentration 1.18%; this circumstance can meet 86.7% of the expectations as could be met for reducing the factors effective for oxidization during bleaching.
- Published
- 2020
197. Brief Motivational Interventions: Strategies for Successful Management of Complex, Nonadherent Dental Patients
- Author
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Michael E, Schatman, Hannah, Shapiro, María F, Hernández-Nuño de la Rosa, and Vanak, Huot
- Subjects
Motivation ,Humans ,Motivational Interviewing ,Dental Caries ,Oral Hygiene - Abstract
Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based approach to resolving patient ambivalence to change. MI techniques can be effectively used by dentists in assessing and managing substance use risk and may add minimal time to the patient interview. Although MI's greatest utility has been in the area of improving general oral hygiene in order to reduce caries and other preventable conditions, its use in addressing controlled substance risk is well established in other health care disciplines. These techniques do not require special training in mental health assessment and can be effectively used by dentists and dental hygienists.
- Published
- 2020
198. Predicting disease risk areas through co-production of spatial models: The example of Kyasanur Forest Disease in India’s forest landscapes
- Author
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Vijay K. Sandhya, Abhishek Samrat, Gudadappa S. Kasabi, S. Schafer, Charles George, Abi Tamim Vanak, SL Hoti, Shivani K. Kiran, Manoj V Murhekar, Bethan V. Purse, Narayanaswamy Darshan, Meera Anna Oommen, Prashanth N. Srinivas, Mujeeb Rahman, Sarah J. Burthe, Peter A. Henrys, Juliette Young, M Mudassar Chanda, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom, Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Shivamogga, India, ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, India, Ashoka Trust for Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, India, DBT/ Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow, Hyderabad, India, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa, Dakshin Foundation, Bangalore, India, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Public Health, Bangalore, India, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics [Bengaluru, India], and National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Chennai, India
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,RC955-962 ,Biodiversity ,Forests ,Disease Vectors ,Disease Outbreaks ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ticks ,Risk Factors ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Zoonoses ,Spatial Regression ,2. Zero hunger ,Mammals ,Ecology ,Environmental resource management ,Eukaryota ,Ruminants ,Evergreen forest ,Terrestrial Environments ,Geography ,One Health ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Vertebrates ,Infectious diseases ,Disease Susceptibility ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Forest Ecology ,Arthropoda ,030231 tropical medicine ,India ,Ecology and Environment ,Ecosystems ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bovines ,Forest ecology ,Arachnida ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine and health sciences ,Population Density ,Ixodes ,business.industry ,Public health ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Outbreak ,Biology and Life Sciences ,15. Life on land ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,Kyasanur Forest Disease ,Species Interactions ,030104 developmental biology ,13. Climate action ,Medical Risk Factors ,Amniotes ,Spatial ecology ,Cattle ,business ,Animal Distribution ,Kyasanur forest disease - Abstract
Zoonotic diseases affect resource-poor tropical communities disproportionately, and are linked to human use and modification of ecosystems. Disentangling the socio-ecological mechanisms by which ecosystem change precipitates impacts of pathogens is critical for predicting disease risk and designing effective intervention strategies. Despite the global “One Health” initiative, predictive models for tropical zoonotic diseases often focus on narrow ranges of risk factors and are rarely scaled to intervention programs and ecosystem use. This study uses a participatory, co-production approach to address this disconnect between science, policy and implementation, by developing more informative disease models for a fatal tick-borne viral haemorrhagic disease, Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), that is spreading across degraded forest ecosystems in India. We integrated knowledge across disciplines to identify key risk factors and needs with actors and beneficiaries across the relevant policy sectors, to understand disease patterns and develop decision support tools. Human case locations (2014–2018) and spatial machine learning quantified the relative role of risk factors, including forest cover and loss, host densities and public health access, in driving landscape-scale disease patterns in a long-affected district (Shivamogga, Karnataka State). Models combining forest metrics, livestock densities and elevation accurately predicted spatial patterns in human KFD cases (2014–2018). Consistent with suggestions that KFD is an “ecotonal” disease, landscapes at higher risk for human KFD contained diverse forest-plantation mosaics with high coverage of moist evergreen forest and plantation, high indigenous cattle density, and low coverage of dry deciduous forest. Models predicted new hotspots of outbreaks in 2019, indicating their value for spatial targeting of intervention. Co-production was vital for: gathering outbreak data that reflected locations of exposure in the landscape; better understanding contextual socio-ecological risk factors; and tailoring the spatial grain and outputs to the scale of forest use, and public health interventions. We argue this inter-disciplinary approach to risk prediction is applicable across zoonotic diseases in tropical settings., Author summary Worldwide, impacts of zoonotic diseases, that cycle between animals and people, are concentrated in tropical communities and often linked to the way people use and change ecosystems. Interventions for zoonotic diseases could be targeted better using risk maps based on computer models that integrate social and ecological risk factors across degraded ecosystems. However, such predictive models often perform poorly at local scales, incorporate narrow ranges of risk factors, and are disconnected from policy, managers and interventions. Co-production brings together stakeholders and knowledge, across the human health, animal health and environmental sectors, aligning with the OneHealth Initiative, to develop more informative predictive tools for zoonotic diseases. Through co-production, we develop predictive models for a fatal tick-borne disease, Kyasanur Forest Diseases (KFD) that is spreading across the degraded Western Ghats forest in India. These models incorporating contextual risk factors identified by stakeholders, accurately predicted patterns in human cases of KFD (2014–2018) in Shivamogga district, Karnataka State, and identified new hotspots of infection during the subsequent 2019 outbreak. Landscapes at highest risk encompassed diverse forest-plantation mosaics with high coverage of moist evergreen forest and plantation, high indigenous cattle density, and low coverage of dry deciduous forest. Co-production resulted in outbreak data that reflected where exposure occurred in the landscape and outputs of value for targeting of interventions, matched to the scale of forest use and public health interventions.
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- 2020
199. Amaranth Seed Oil Composition
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Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi, Zahra Piravi-Vanak, Javad Hesari, and Parisa Nasirpour-Tabrizi
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Data_FILES ,Composition (visual arts) ,Amaranth ,Food science ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) - Published
- 2020
200. Author Correction: Demographic characteristics of free-roaming dogs (FRD) in rural and urban India following a photographic sight-resight survey
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Harish Kumar Tiwari, Ian D. Robertson, Abi Tamim Vanak, and Mark O’Dea
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0301 basic medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,Published Erratum ,lcsh:R ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Library science ,Sight ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Free roaming ,Geography ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
- Published
- 2020
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