Search

Ecologically tolerable levels (ETL) of environmental factors have been determined for freshwater ecosystems in Asiatic part of Russia and neighboring countries (basins of Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur, and Syr-Darya rivers). Inobservance of ecologically tolerable levels degrades ecological status of the ecosystems manifested as deviation from normal saprobic indices of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and periphyton as well as biotic indices of zoobenthos. The basins were compared by the calculated ETL values for over 40 physicochemical indices. The revealed ecologically tolerable levels were compared with the standard maximum allowable concentrations.

Existing evidence on the association of telomere length with life expectancy and the risk of various age related diseases is discordant. This inconsistency in the data may be due to methodological factors, e.g., the differences in the techniques for measuring telomere length, cell harvesting, DNA isolation, and material. One of the general requirements to experiments concerned with the measurement of telomere length is the high quality of DNA samples under study. The current review considers the most common errors during the measurement of telomere length associated with the improper quality of the biological material.

Requirements of R-, S-, and M-dissociants of Pseudomonas aeruginosaK-2 strain in glucose, nitrate, and phosphate, as well as the error of determination, have been calculated from the data of 250 experiments on their batch cultivation on the media with the various initial content of these resources. The resource requirements of R- and S-dissociants appear indistinguishable within the error limits. The requirements of M-dissociant significantly differ from those of R- and S-forms; however, due to specific growth of the M-form, the confidence intervals of the measured values can overlap with those of R-space and S-forms. The obtained requirement values allow an evaluation of the studied resources concentration limiting the culture growth.

The hypothesis that various extracellular enzymes produced by the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae exert a mutual influence on their secretion into the cultivation medium was tested experimentally. The statistically processed results indicate that extracellular invertase affects the secretion of acid phosphatase, and acid phosphatase affects the secretion of invertase. In addition, the secretion of each of these enzymes was shown to be subject to autoregulation.

The article is devoted to the role of insertion-deletion polymorphism of -2-adrenoreceptor gene in development of hereditary disorders of cardiac conduction. We examined 71 patients with atrioventricular blocks and 92 patients with sick sinus node syndrome. Statistically significant preponderance of homozygous genotype DD of ADRA2B gene was found in both groups. Associations of alleles with male or female gender were also revealed.

to investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs499818 (6p24.1), rs619203 of ROS1 gene (6q22), rs10757278 rs1333049 (9p21.3), rs2549513 (16q23.1), rs4804611 of ZNF627 gene (19p13.2) with myocardial infarction in subjects of young age. The group of patients with MI (n=99) aged less than 45 years and the control group (n=111) did not differ significantly by sex (=0,617), age (=0.291), arterial hypertension (=0.766), diabetes mellitus (=0.395), hypercholestolemia (=0.696), excessive body mass and obesity (=0.361), abdominal obesity (=0.831) and history of smoking (=0.400). There was significant difference between groups by burdened heredity (0.001). Genomic DNA was obtained from venous blood by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genetic testing was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction using 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System according to manufacturers protocol. We found significant association between rs1333049 and rs10757278 and myocardial infarction (MI). Odds ratio (OR) of development of MI in carriers of risk allele rs1333049 was 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24 to 4.65), in carriers of G rs10757278 allele - 2.00 (95%CI 1.05 to 3.80). Association of risk alleles rs 1333049 and G rs10757278 with MI remained significant after adjustment for burdened family history (OR 4.25, 95%CI 1.39 to 12.99, and OR 3.04, 95%CI 1.09 to 8.52, respectively). Presence in the genotype of both risk alleles rs1333049 and G rs10757278 was associated with OR of MI development 2.40 (95%CI 1.20 to 4.82) which was not different from that associated with carriage of allele rs1333049 only. Possibly in our population both SNPs belong to one linkage block and correspondingly it is sufficient to genotype one SNP. No significant associations with MI were found for variants rs4804611, rs2549513, rs499818, rs619203. SNPs rs1333049 and rs10757278 of 9p21.3 locus are predictors of MI in young individuals not dependent on both traditional risk factors and presence of burdened family history.

To determine an association between trait anxiety (TA) and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DAT genes, as well as the prevalence of TA and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in 25- to 64-year-old males with TA.A representative sample of 25 to 64-year-old males (n = 2149) was examined within the framework of the WHO MONICA program, MONICA-psychosocial subprogram, in 1984, 1988, and 1994. All new-onset arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke cases were registered throughout the follow-up study (1984-2008). Spielberger's test was used to estimate the level of TA. The Cox proportional regression model was applied to assess a relative risk.The high level of anxiety (HLA) was 50.9% in the open population of 25 to 64-year-old males. The DRD4 genotype 4/6 and DAT genotype 9/9 were significantly associated with HLA. The latter increased the risk for CVD: it was maximal for AH and stroke within the first five years and for MI within 10 years.HLA was significant in the Novosibirsk open population of 25 to 64-year-old males. It is substantially associated with certain VNTR polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DAT genes and considerably increases the risk of CVD.

Life span depends on many factors, including the level of reactive oxygen species, like superoxide radical. Superoxide radical is produced from oxygen in the course of the oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. The process is catalyzed by NADPH oxidase. In this study, genotype and allele distributions of the C242T polymorphism in the CYBA gene, which encodes the alpha subunit ofNADPH oxidase (p22phox), were examined in the sample of long livers and in the population sample of the city of Tomsk. Statistically significantly higher frequency of T allele among female long livers (34.62%), compared to the females from Russian population (26.32%) was demonstrated (chi2 = 5.226; p = 0.022; OR = 1.48). Thus, the T allele is associated with a high life expectancy in females from the Russian population. No such association was observed for males from the same population.

In order to estimate the distribution of some polymorphisms for the CCR5, CCR2, apoE, p53, ITGB3, and HFE genes in Russian long-livers from Western Siberia, a sample of 271 individuals (range 90-105 years) was examined. It was demonstrated that carriage of the delta32 polymorphism for the CCR5 gene, V64/polymorphism for the CCR2 gene, e2/e3/e4 for the apoE gene, L33P for the ITGB3 gene, as well as H63D and S65C polymorphisms for the HFE gene does not influence on predisposition to the longevity; carriage of the 282 Y allele for the HFE gene negatively influences on the longevity; carriage of the heterozygous genotype for the R72P polymorphism for the p53 gene correlates with the longevity of elderly people.

to evaluate association between genetic polymorphism (SNPs) and myocardial infarction (identified in recent GWAS) as markers of high risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in Siberian population. Patients were divided into 2 groups - MI patients and control group (ratio 1:2) and presented the sapmle of population of Novosibirsk (9400 patients, 45-69 years) within international project HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe). 200 patients with MI (129 men, 71 women) were included. Control group - individuals without MI (420) matched for age and sex. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood by phenol-chloroform extraction. Gene polymorphism of genes tested by real-time PCR according to protocol (probes TaqMan, Applied Biosystems, USA) with the use of ABI 7900HT. The following SNPs were studied: rs28711149, rs499818, rs619203, rs10757278 and rs1333049 (hr. 9), rs1376251, rs2549513, rs4804611, rs17465637. The association of SNP and MI was confirmed for 4 of 9 studied SNPs: rs1333049 (hr. 9), rs10757278 (hr. 9), rs499818 (hr. 6), rs619203 gene ROS1. Heart rate was associated with rs1333049 and rs10757278. Glucose level was associated with rs619203, rs28711149 and rs1376251. Total cholesterol and atherogenic index was associated with rs28711149. For the first time in Russian population the associations of GWAS with myocardial infarction SNPs was detected for rs619203, rs499818, rs1333049 and rs10757278. These genetic markers can be used for assessing the risk of myocardial infarction in Russian population.

Cytokines as regulators of activity of inflammation play significant role in mechanisms of formation of atherosclerotic plaques and in processes of their destabilization. One of leading genetic factors determining level of their production appears to be polymorphism of cytokine genes structure at their promoter loci. We have conducted an analysis of distribution in groups of healthy male and female survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) of combined genetic signs represented as a complex of genotypes of a number of studied cytokine genes : TNF-A863C; TNF-A308G; TNF-A238G; IL1B-C511T; IL1B-C-31T; IL4-C590T; IL6-C174G; IL10A-1082G IL10-A592C. Among these homozygous combinations of cytokine genotypes characterizing a group of men who have lived up to middle and old age without development of MI there are widely represented genotypes associated with high levels of production of both cytokines with pronounced proinflammatory (IL-1) and antiinflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) activity. Absence of such multidirectional combinations in genome of patients with myocardial infarction can be considered one of genetic factors of risk of development of acute distirbances of coronary circulation.

In this work we for the first time revealed on clinical - genetic material association between hereditary disturbances of cardiac conduction and polymorphism of 2-adrenergic receptor gene.

In this work we have demonstrated for the first time on the clinico-genetic material association between hereditary sick sinus node syndrome (SSNS) ADRA2B and eNOS genes polymorphisms. We have established predominance of homozygote genotype of more rare DD allele in patients with SSNS (28%) compared with subjects of control group (8.99%). We have found predominance of heterozygote genotype 4a/4b in patients with SSNS compared with subjects of control group (41.8 and 25.39%, respectively). The data obtained allow to suggest that eNOS gene polymorphism might be associated with SSNS.

To analyze the gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).The influence of single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 at position -1306 and that of MMP-9 at position -1562 on the development of complications was studied in 181patients with atherosclerosis by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of amplification products.A significant genotype increase with enhanced MMP-9 gene transcriptional activity was found in the patients aged 55 years inclusively who had been diagnosed as having myocardial infarction as compared with an older age group and, on the contrary, a rise in the MMP-2 genotype with a high promoter activity in the older age group.The findings suggest that the functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes plays a certain role in the development of acute coronary events.

We studied polymorphism of three positions of promoter region of TNF alpha gene in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), development of unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (MI). Analysis of frequencies of genotypes in position A308 showed that heterozygotness in patients with cardiovascular diseases significantly decreased. Lowering of risk of development of MI in carriers of heterozygous variant of the gene in position A308 was shown. In the group of patients with Q wave MI frequency of A308 AA genotype rose.

We demonstrated for the first time on clinico-genetic material an association of hereditary sick sinus node syndrome (SSNS) with polymorphism of beta-adrenorecetor gene. We found that heterozygous variant of Ser49gly of beta-adrenoreceptor gene was significantly more often met in patients with SSNS and their healthy relatives than in subjects of control group. In the group of patients with SSNS contrary to control group we noted statistically significant preponderance of carriers of mutant Gly49 allele of.

The polymorphism of the TNF A gene was studied in 89 asthmatic patients and their 162 relatives in order to estimate the contribution of this candidate gene to the predisposition to the development of asthma and allergic diseases. A control group comprised 258 individuals without bronchopulmonary pathology The polymerase chain reaction was used to study the 308 G/A polymorphism of the TNF A gene. The findings suggest that the asthmatic patients and their relatives have no association of the polymorphism of the TNF A gene in position 308 with their predisposition to the disease. Analysis of the distribution of the frequencies of alleles and genotypes among their probands, relatives, and the control group revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups.

Aim of the study was identification of genes and their polymorphisms associated with pathological tortuosity (PT) of internal carotid arteries (ICA) for elucidation of etiological causes of this anomaly taking into consideration its high prevalence and clinical significance. We invited for examination 61 families of children with previously diagnosed PT ICA and used color Doppler duplex scanning of brachiocephalic zone in examination of close relatives of a proband. Samples of venous blood were taken from a family member in whom PT ICA had been detected and the affected child. The group of patients for genotyping comprised 100 individuals with PT ICA. Control group (n=245) was formed from DNA bank on the basis of population approach. The following genetic methods of diagnosis were applied: clinico-genealogical, allele specific polymerase chain reaction, search in available data bases of PT ICA candidate genes and their polymorphisms. According to data of genealogy analysis in most cases inheritance of pathological sign of tortuous ICA was autosomal dominant (37.7%) or autosomal-recessive (39.3%). Association of A80807T polymorphism of the transcriptional factor Sp4 gene with PT ICA was established. Probability of PT ICA in A80807/A80807 homozygotes was 1.64 times higher than in carriers of 2 other genotypes (A80807/T80807 and T80807/T80807).

We carried out examination of 103 probands with atrial fibrillation (AF) and 301 their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree relatives (main group). In addition we examined 82 probands without clinical electrocardiographic signs of heart disease and 163 their 1st and 2nd degree relatives (control group). We found accumulation of AF in families of probands with this pathology. Segregation analysis of idiopathic forms of AF allowed to reveal autosomal dominant type of inheritance of this pathology. Heterozygous variant of Ser49Gly of betai-adrenoreceptor gene can be considered as one of genetic predictors of development of how primary and secondary AF.

A familial survey was conducted in 81 probands who were diagnosed as having bronchial asthma (BA) and their 183 first-, second-, and third-degree relatives (a study group). A control group comprised 263 apparently healthy individuals. The familial accumulation of BA was ascertained in the families of probands with this condition. Autosomal dominant inheritance of BA was established. The heterozygous variant of the macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor (MCSFR) gene genotype chi-fms may be considered as one of the genetic predictors of BA. The homozygous genotype in a rare allele of the MCSFR gene may be also a predictor of BA.

By determination analysis the study of contingencies between various components of freshwater biocoenoses in Don, Volga, Angara and Priazovye rivers is carried out. The positive contingency of phytoplankton and its divisions biomasses, and zooplankton biomasses is shown. The contingencies between zooplankton and Green, Pyrrophyta algae and cyanobacteria is the most valuable. In comparison with zooplankton, zoobenthos biomass has less quantity of positive contingencies with microalgae biomass, and also with zooplankton biomass, so basis of bottom organisms diet is detrit, water plants and small animals. By means of context procedure in determination analysis differencies in contingencies character between various geographical sites and the periods of time are revealed within the limits of one hydrographic area.

The dependence of the amount of the grown vegetative mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum on the composition of the nutrient medium has been studied under conditions of submerged cultivation. The medium was optimized using full factorial and steepest ascent experimental designs. The addition of two carbon sources to the medium considerably improved the submerged growth of the fungus. An optimized medium provided for a high yield (20-20.95 g/l) of the morphologically homogeneous mycelium and shortened the cultivation period to 3-4 days.

Rank distribution parameters for the abundance of phytoplankton species was calculated based on long-term hydrobiological monitoring (1978-1997) of water bodies in the Azov, Caspian, and Kara hydrographic regions. Two model relationships between species abundance and the rank were used in data analysis: exponential and hyperbolic. Parameter variability related to changes in environmental quality in time and space was analyzed. The dependencies of parameters on the region, time, and season of sampling were determined. Possible factors underlying the parameter dependence on phytoplankton sample processing in the system of biological monitoring were analyzed.

Specific application of deterministic analysis to investigate the contingencies of various components of natural biocenosis was illustrated by the example of fish production and biomass of phyto- and zooplankton. Deterministic analysis confirms the theoretic assumptions on food preferences of herbivorous fish: both silver and bighead carps avoided feeding on cyanobacteria. Being a facultative phytoplankton feeder, silver carp preferred microalgae to zooplankton. Deterministic analysis allowed us to demonstrate the contingency of the mean biomass of phyto- and zooplankton during both the whole fish production cycle and the individual periods.

Requirements of R-, S-, and M-dissociants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-2 strain in glucose, nitrate, and phosphate, as well as the error of determination, have been calculated from the data of 250 experiments on their batch cultivation on the media with the various initial content of these resources. The resource requirements of R- and S-dissociants appear indistinguishable within the error limits. The requirements of M-dissociant significantly differ from those of R- and S-forms; however, due to specific growth of the M-form, the confidence intervals of the measured values can overlap with those of R-space and S-forms. The obtained requirement values allow an evaluation of the studied resources concentration limiting the culture growth.

Traditional statistical methods for definition of empirical functions of abundance distribution (population, biomass, production, etc.) of species in a community are applicable for processing of multivariate data contained in the above quantitative indices of the communities. In particular, evaluation of moments of distribution suffices for convolution of the data contained in a list of species and their abundance. At the same time, the species should be ranked in the list in ascending rather than descending population and the distribution models should be analyzed on the basis of the data on abundant species only.

Effect of nitrogen sources (organic complexes and mineral salts) on L-glutamate oxidase synthesis by Streptomyces cremeus 510 MGU was studied. Optimal enzyme production was not provided by any single nitrogen source. The most effective combination of nitrogen sources (soy flour, peptone, ammonium sulfate) was elaborated by the mathematical planning method. The results of experiment allowed to enhance biosynthesis of extracellular L-glutamate oxidase to 2.4-2.6 U/mL. It was shown that L-glutamate oxidase of Streptomyces cremeus 510 MGU is highly specific to substance and is stable during storage of filtrated culture with pH 6.8-9.0.

The paper presents the results of the long-term investigation of microbial communities in the technogenically vulnerable mouth riverine and lacustrine ecosystems of Lake Baikal. The structural and functional parameters of the microbial communities were analyzed from the standpoint of developing destructive processes. The analysis showed that the total number of microorganisms (TNM), the number of saprophytic bacteria (NSB), and bacterial production (BP) were greater in the river-mouth water than in the near-mouth lake water. In the offshore direction, TNM and NSB decreased by a factor of 1.5 to 2, and BP decreased by a factor of 4 to 7. Based on TNM, NSB, and BP data, we classified the Lake Baikal rivers with respect to the degree of the impact of human activities on them. The degrading capability of the riverine microbial communities was found to be such that they degrade daily from tenths of a percent to 3.5% of the total amount of organic compounds polluted the river waters.

Ecologically tolerable levels (ETL) of environmental factors have been determined for freshwater ecosystems in Asiatic part of Russia and neighboring countries (basins of Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur, and Syr-Darya rivers). Inobservance of ecologically tolerable levels degrades ecological status of the ecosystems manifested as deviation from normal saprobic indices of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and periphyton as well as biotic indices of zoobenthos. The basins were compared by the calculated ETL values for over 40 physicochemical indices. The revealed ecologically tolerable levels were compared with the standard maximum tolerable concentrations.

The hypothesis that various extracellular enzymes produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exert a mutual influence on their secretion into the culture medium was tested experimentally. The statistically processed results indicate that extracellular invertase affects the secretion of acid phosphatase, and acid phosphatase affects the secretion of invertase. In addition, the secretion of each of these enzymes was shown to be subject to autoregulation.

The effect of glucose, nitrate, and phosphate on the stationary-phase growth characteristics of R, S, and M dissociants of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing strain P. aeruginosa K-2 was studied. The optimal concentrations of glucose and phosphate providing for at least 90% of the maximal culture density were found to be 2-7% glucose and 0.02-0.12% phosphate. The main factor that determined the proportion of dissociants in bacterial populations was the initial concentration of phosphate. The fraction of R dissociant in populations increased linearly with the concentration of glucose and varied nonlinearly with the concentration of phosphate in the growth medium. The fraction of M dissociant depended solely on the concentration of phosphate in a manner inverse to that typical of R dissociant. In glucose-deficient media containing sufficient amounts of phosphorus, S dissociant prevailed over R dissociant.

The effect of glucose, nitrate, and phosphate on the stationary-phase growth parameters of the R, S, and M dissociants of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-2 was studied. The data obtained were analyzed in terms of the Mitscherlich equation. S dissociant required less glucose than other dissociants, whereas M dissociant required less nitrogen and phosphorus. These findings were confirmed by the results of investigation of the combined action of glucose, nitrate, and phosphate in a 3 x 3 x 3 factor experiment. It is anticipated that M dissociant must prevail under conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, and S dissociant must be dominant in the case of optimally chosen proportions between the biogenic elements studied.

Using the method of mathematical planning of experiment the effect of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper on synthesis of antibiotic and pigment by mycophilic fungus Hypomyces rosellus has been studied. The ions of Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ have been found to be important for antibiotic and pigment formation by fungus, the ions of Mg2+ and Mn2+ are interchangeable.

S, R and M forms of Mycobacterium lacticolum were compared. The cells of the R form had the highest requirement in aeration and phosphorus, whereas the cells of the M form, the lowest requirement. The content of oxygen in the medium and the concentration of phosphorus almost did not affect the viriability of these forms. On a medium containing n-hexadecane, the cells of the R form possessed selective advantages under favourable growth conditions, i.e. when the content of oxygen and phosphorus in the medium was high, whereas the cells of the M form had selective advantages under unfavourable conditions of growth when it decelerated as a result of a low concentration of oxygen and phosphorus in the medium. These correlations changed on a medium containing carbohydrates.

Water quality generalized index according to periphyton community obtained by the method of desirability function has been used to estimate the Moscow River pollution. To reveal the indicator species by this method one-year observation period is required. The indicator species list presented here can be recommended for the calculation of generalized index according to the periphyton data for the Moscow River.

Regulation of protease and pigment production in Hypomyces rosellus by the medium components was easier than that of antibiotic production. Medium was developed. The activity of exoproteases and pigment with the use of this medium increased up to 385-800 PU/ml and 0.68-0.83 arbitrary units, respectively. The level of the antibiotic biosynthesis was insignificant.

The effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on the biotin biosynthesis by the fungal culture Rhizopus delemar 1428 has been investigated. Peptone and soy-bean flour have been shown to stimulate biotin synthesis. With the aid of mathematical planning methods the optimal composition of the nutrient medium and optimal concentrations of its components have been selected. The cultivation of Rh. delemar 1428 on the thus developed medium leads to the accumulation of 600 micrograms/1 biotin in the culture filtrate.

A new method of working up results of factorial toxicological experiments is put forward and illustrated by a number of examples. It is based on the profound comparison of values of reactions as consequences of toxic influence and aimed at revealing the combinations of toxicant concentrations that break the monotonous character of a surface which graphically depicts the effect of pollutants. The geometrical analysis allows us to have a new vision of numerous results of factorial experiments, gives some complimentary possibilities for quantitative evaluation of impact of pollutants by mean of surface diagrams and for experimental assessment of environmental parameters of natural communities.

Using the method of mathematical design of an experiment the synthetic medium ensuring the growth of the mycophilous fungus Hypomyces rosellus 94/77 and its production of antibiotic and pigment has been worked out.

Using method of mathematical planning of experiment the culture medium ensuring the simultaneous intensive production of ristomycin, protease and violet pigment by Nocardia fructiferi has been worked out.

The medium for the biosynthesis of exoproteases with the thrombolytic action in monocultures and mixed cultures of actinomycetes was optimized in several steps using the method of complete and fractional factor experiments. When Actinomyces rimosus was cultivated on the selected medium, the productivity of the mycelium rose, the fibrinolytic activity increased three-fold, and the caseinolytic activity became 2.2 times greater. During mixed cultivation of A. rimosus and A. violaceus on this medium, fibrinolysis increased six times comparing with the A. rimosus monoculture growth on the original medium while caseinolysis became only 3.7 times greater, which increased the specificity for fibrin twice.