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Pomegranate peel, a major waste from the food processing industries containing biologically active compounds, could be converted into value-added products having medicinal properties. Present study deals with the ultrasound-assisted surfactant, namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) aided polyphenolics extraction from pomegranate peel waste using double distilled water (DDW) as a solvent. Maximum total yield of extraction and total polyphenolic content (TPC) were found respectively to be 43.58 ± 1.0 and 49.55 ± 0.8%, at optimized sonication parameters viz. temperature 50 °C, power density 1.2 W/mL and time 40 min followed by surfactant aided extraction under optimum conditions 0.6% DMSO, 50 °C and 150 rpm for 90 min. Kinetic models were developed to determine the polyphenolics concentration and validated. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed 22 phenolic compounds. Thus, the acquired results have ensured the significance of ultrasound pre-treated surfactant aided extraction of polyphenolic compounds and this process can be developed for commercial production.

The proposed paper discusses a technique to retrieve the encrypted images to obtain a better efficiency and embedding rate than other methods. This method infuses the Distributed source coding technique to improvise the hiding technique thereby ameliorates the reversibility rate. The flow of the technique goes as follows: Original image which is encrypted with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and is hidden using Distributed source coding (DSC) technique. The former process is done by the possessor of the image and the latter is done by the data hider. The receiver can felicitate the image using the embedding key. If the receiver is provided with the encryption and embedding key, he can recover the original image with high security and lossless original data. Thus, this method is an exception compared to the existing technologies.

Chalcogenide phase‐change materials, which exhibit a marked difference in their electrical and optical properties when in their amorphous and crystalline phases and can be switched between these phases quickly and repeatedly, are traditionally exploited to deliver nonvolatile data storage in the form of rewritable optical disks and electrical phase‐change memories. However, exciting new potential applications are now emerging in areas such as integrated phase‐change photonics, phase‐change optical metamaterials/metasurfaces, and optoelectronic displays. Here, ideas from these last two fields are fused together to deliver a novel concept, namely a switchable phase‐change metamaterial/metasurface resonant absorber having nonvolatile color generating capabilities. With the phase‐change layer, here GeTe, in the crystalline phase, the resonant absorber can be tuned to selectively absorb the red, green, and blue spectral bands of the visible spectrum, so generating vivid cyan, magenta, and yellow pixels. When the phase‐change layer is switched into the amorphous phase, the resonant absorption is suppressed and a flat, pseudowhite reflectance results. Thus, a route to the potential development is opened‐up of nonvolatile, phase‐change metamaterial color displays and color electronic signage.

This system is intended to monitor the extinct plants. Generally, these kinds of system will be deployed in the garden of our home, but we made them suitable for the greenhouse in monitoring the individual plant. This system has light, temperature, humidity and moisture sensors are available, our work to monitor the plant will be much easier. This entire thing will be ease by the concept of Cloud and IoT. We need a microcontroller that connects the cloud via the internet. Due to this purpose, we discovered the Bolt IoT module integrated with its cloud. Since this module is having only a single analog pin to read the data, we interfaced with the Arduino UNO with the Bolt by UART protocol. By connecting the required sensors with the analog pins of the Arduino board, we collected the data and pushed them to the cloud to represent the required data in a graphical form.

Describes the term Internet of Things IoT security architecture based on Software Defined Networking SDN . In this context, building on SDN works with or without infrastructure. This is called the SDN domain. This work describes the mechanics of the proposed architecture and reduces the chances of using SDN to achieve more effective and flexible network security. It outlined the issues associated with current SDN security applications and introduced a new IoT system plan. This document has discussed the management of Internet access for specific networks and monitoring of global traffic. Finally, it describes the choice of architecture for SDN using OpenFlow and discusses the resulting results. M. Silambarasan | B. Michael Vinoline Rinoj | V. Karthik "A Novel SDN Architecture for IoT Security" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29908.pdf

Present work focuses on synthesis and wear characterization of Al7075 based hybrid composite reinforced with the mica, E-glass fibers and graphite particles. The hybrid composites with various content of reinforcements have been fabricated through liquid metallurgy method. Microstructural studies, hardness test and wear test were conducted on hybrid composites. Wear behaviour was evaluated by subjecting hybrid composites to pin on disc test according to ASTM G-99 procedure at different sliding speed. Homogeneous dispersion and minimal clustering of graphite, E-glass fibers and mica were observed in optical micrographs. Hybrid composites with higher hardness confirmed lower wear loss for all cases of sliding speed. Worn-out surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron micrographs to recognize wear mechanisms.

Nano-alumina-doped catechol formaldehyde polymeric composite was prepared, characterized, and applied as an adsorbent for the removal of an anionic dye Congo red (CR) and a cationic dye SafraninO (SF), by adsorption process especially from aqueous solutions. Characterizations such as particle size distribution, zeta potential, BET, FTIR, and FESEM-EDAX were carried out for the adsorbent prepared. All experiments were conducted at the batch condition to study the effects of initial dye concentration (CR: 30–90 mg/L and SF: 10–50 mg/L), pH (2–11), temperature (25–55°C), and adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.3 g) on dye removal. The isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) were analyzed for this adsorption work. The kinetic data obtained were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Bangham, and Chien–Clayton equations. Dyes adsorption data were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm equilibrium model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Study results suggested that the nano-alumina-polymeric composite could be an effective adsorbent for anionic dye rather than cationic dye.

The aim is to study the mechanical, property and wear behavior of A390 alloy/alumina composite reinforced with boron carbide various weight fractions (1%, 3%, 5%) were prepared by stir casting method. In addition, A390 reinforced with grain modifier and grain refiner (1.5%, 1.5%), hardness and tensile properties of these composites were evaluated and compared with as-cast alloy and the composites. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites improve with increasing the weight fraction of boron carbide. This study provides an alternative way to enhance the mechanical properties of A390 alloy/Alumina composite. The study also highlights the different contribution of different input process parameters (like: composition of Al7068 alloy/Alumina and particle size of reinforcement material).

The development of metal matrix composites is of major interest in industrial applications due to some important advantages like strength-to-weight ratio, heat resistance and chemical stability. In the present experimental investigation work, aluminium-based hybrid metal matrix composites of various percentage compositions of graphite (1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%), E-glass (1,2,3 and 4 wt%) and mica (2 and 4 wt%). Al7075/graphite/E-glass/mica metal matrix composite fabricated by stir-casting process, and specimens are prepared as per ASTM standards. Experiments were conducted as per L16 orthogonal array. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness and microstructure of metal matrix optimized by S/N ratio and ANOVA. The regression model is executed for both responses, and the most influencing factor is determined by S/N ratio. The results indicate that the graphite filler enhances the tensile strength and hardness properties. The properties of tensile strength and hardness showed improvement for 5 wt% graphite, 4 wt% E-glass and 2 wt% mica.

The current study deals with the biosorption of Acid Yellow 12 (AY 12) dye using dead fungal biomass Trichoderma harzianum. The dead fungal biomass was characterized using FTIR, XRD, TG–DTA and SEM–EDAX. Effect of various parameters on the efficiency of biosorption like pH, biosorbent dosage and temperature has also been analysed. The adsorption capacity was found to be higher at pH 4, with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L and biosorbent dosage of 0.4 g/L. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies of dye adsorption onto the biomass were also investigated. The biosorption between the dye and biomass followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The biosorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Negative value of ΔG° shows the spontaneous nature of biosorption process, and positive ΔH° reveals adsorption as an endothermic process. Since T. harzianum is a low-cost industrial by-product, it can be used as an effective novel biosorbent for the removal of textile dyes. It also acts as one of the cheap sources of biosorbent for the removal of dye Acid Yellow 12.

Fuel Clad Chemical Interaction (FCCI) is one of the life limiting issues in the MOX fuel pins of fast breeder reactors. Clad wastage due to FCCI coupled with stress arising from fission gas pressure and Fuel Clad Mechanical Interaction (FCMI) due to fuel swelling can lead to fuel pin failure. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques such as Gamma Scanning, Eddy current testing and Neutron Radiography have been successfully used on MOX fuel pins of a test sub-assembly irradiated in Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) to a burn-up of 112 GW d/t to detect signatures of FCCI. The results obtained by the various NDE techniques have been correlated and verified through metallographic examination on fuel pin cross-sections. The measured clad wastage of 85 μm agrees well with a model developed for MOX fuel with high Pu content. The results of examinations have enabled validation of the model and given confidence to the designer that PFBR MOX fuel can safely attain the target burn-up of 100 GW d/t.

Biosorptive removal of Reactive Black B (RBB) from aqueous solution by metabolically inactive Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) was examined in this study. The individual and interactive effects of pH (2.0–10.0), temperature (25–45 °C), initial dye concentration (100–300 mg/L) and adsorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 mg/L) on the biosorption of RBB were evaluated using central composite design (CCD), and the mathematical model describing the biosorption process was developed. Maximum removal percentage (97.42 ± 1.3%) of RBB was attained at pH 5.75, temperature 37.12 °C, initial dye concentration 210.92 mg/L and biosorbent dosage 0.28 g/L. Suitability of the isotherms were determined using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin in this study, among which Freundlich isotherm was found suitable to equilibrium data. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption data correlated well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The obtained thermodynamic data revealed that the RBB adsorption onto T. harzianum was exothermic and spontaneous nature during the process.

This paper presents outcome of round robin exercise on usage of ball indentation technique to predict strength properties of three different materials which are used in Indian nuclear reactors. The main objectives were to evolve a standardized procedure of determining the mechanical properties by the Ball Indentation technique and quantification of the variation in strength and fracture properties due to ageing through such tests. Standard uniaxial tensile tests were also carried out to quantify the differences between strength properties predicted by ball indentation and those determined using conventional tests. Three different materials studied were, carbon-manganese steel (Grade: SA 333Gr.6), stainless steel (SA312 Type 304LN) and zirconium alloy (Zr-2.5Nb). The carbon-manganese steel and stainless steel materials were drawn from extruded pipes while Zr-2.5Nb was drawn from pressure tubes, used in Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors. Ball indentation tests were carried out on materials in as received and in aged conditions. The ageing was simulated artificially. The carbon-manganese steel and stainless steels were subjected to cold work while Zr-2.5Nb alloy was subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures with varying hold times and in some cases with charged hydrogen. The round robin exercise was conducted within different research centers of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), India. This was a blind exercise in which all the conventional tests were carried out by a group (who was not involved in Ball Indentation tests) after the completion of ball indentation tests by participants. The paper presents the prediction of strength properties, using ball indentation, by different participants. The reasons of scatter in the results among the various participants and differences with respect to conventional test results are discussed in the paper.

The small specimen test techniques have been a subject of active research for the past 30 years. The idea of using small or miniature specimens for mechanical testing had actually originated in nuclear industry caused by space limitations in nuclear reactors for irradiation material testing with the added advantage of reduced radiation dose from smaller volumes during post-irradiation examination. Considering the potential applications of this technology for material characterization, the programme was initiated at IGCAR with the ab initio development of non conventional test techniques based on the use of small disc specimens of 3–8 mm diameters and 0.3–1.0 mm thick. The techniques that have been extensively studied are shear punch, small punch and ball-indentation tests. This paper will present the evolution of the research and developmental activities on punch and indentation based test techniques at the authors’ laboratory along with their salient results and highlight the outcome of few applications of small specimen tests employed for evaluating tensile flow properties.

The physiological cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive condition without myocyte cell death, while pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive condition associated with myocyte cell death. This study explores the miRNome of α-2M-induced physiologically hypertrophied cardiomyocytes and the role of miRNA-99 family during cardiac hypertrophy. Physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy was induced in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell lines using α-2M and isoproterenol respectively. Total RNA isolation and small RNA sequencing were executed for physiological hypertrophy model. The differentially expressed miRNAs and its target mRNAs were validated in animal models. Transcription factor binding sites were predicted in the promoter of specific miRNAs and validated by ChIP-PCR. Subsequently, the selected miRNA was functionally characterized by overexpression and silencing. The effects of silencing of upstream regulator and downstream target gene were studied. Analysis of small RNA reads revealed the differential expression of a large set of miRNAs during hypertrophy, of which miR-99 family was highly downregulated upon α-2M treatment. However, this miR-99 family expression was upregulated during pathological hypertrophy and confirmed in animal models. ChIP-PCR confirms the binding of Egr-1 transcription factor to the miR-99 promoter. Further, silencing of Egr-1 decreased the expression of miR-99. The overexpression or silencing of miR-99 diverges the physiological hypertrophy to pathological hypertrophy and vice versa by regulating Akt-1 pathway. Silencing of Akt-1 replicates the effect of overexpression of miR-99. Conclusion The results proved Egr-1 mediated regulation of miR-99 family that plays a key role in determining the fate of cardiac hypertrophy by regulating Akt-1 signaling.

This study is based on determining the effectiveness of Sisal fibres on the strength characteristics of two types of clayey soil. Different fibre lengths and percentage inclusion to soil mass were selected and Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio tests were carried out. Experimental results were then used to model the reinforced soil as embankment fill in finite element softwares, to determine the safety factors. Results showed that the random distribution of sisal fibres had positive effects on the strength parameters and stability of slopes. The optimum fibre lengths and their respective percentage inclusions were then established.

The Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is the most promising and technologically evolved among the six nuclear reactor concepts selected by the Generation IV International Forum. Although it is compatible with a closed fuel cycle for sustainable energy production, its competitiveness depends on being able to achieve high fuel burn-up up to 200 GWd/t. This would enable efficient fuel utilization to minimize fuel cycle costs. Hence, development of optimized core materials, especially for fuel cladding tubes that are subjected to extreme conditions of intense fast-spectrum neutron irradiation, high temperatures, and mechanical and chemical fuel–cladding interactions, continues to be a priority worldwide. Resistance to void swelling, irradiation creep, and embrittlement are required to be enhanced to minimize dimensional changes and loss of ductility in core components, which limit achievable burn-up. Current SFR core materials comprise austenitic stainless steels (SS) and ferritic-martensitic (FM) steels. Cold-worked austenitic SS grades 304, 316, 316Ti, niobium-stabilized grades FV548, EI-847, EP-172, and Ti-modified 15Cr-15Ni SS, such as D9, 1.4970, 15/15Ti SS, and ChS-68, have been used for fuel cladding and ducts in SFRs built to date, and they withstand neutron irradiation damage up to 80–100 dpa. Subsequent improvements have been made by optimizing minor elements (titanium, silicon, and phosphorous) and multi-stabilization to develop advanced grades such as Si-modified 15-15Ti, Indian Fast Reactor Advanced Clad (IFAC-1), PNC-316, EK-164, and HT-UPS, which could support burn-up of 150 GWd/t. In the case of FM steels, several commercial grades are found suitable in view of their inherent void swelling resistance to 200 dpa, and are being developed for improved creep strength by oxide dispersion strengthening to realize burn-up of 200–250 GWd/t. This article presents the development of structural materials for SFR fuel pin cladding and ducts and associated enhancement of permissible fuel burn-up. Indian and international experience resulting from extensive in-pile and out-of-pile mechanical testing and fuel–cladding interactions has been covered.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology that will provide the information’s to human by ubiquitous communication by sensing, through which people can safely evacuate during a building under threat. Even though these technologies are used real time environment it lacks in providing the quickest and shortest path to an exit for people based on the evacuation time. To aid the lacking this proposes provides optimized path control for pedestrian’s emigration by frequent updating of location. The proposed framework is designed with two algorithms (a) Markov decision process which is used to track the location of pedestrian and (b) geographic map-based path discovery approach which will find the shortest path of pedestrians. The main aim of this approach is used to collect the accurate information and avoid heavy congestion during the pedestrian discharge. These techniques are used for effective discharge of pedestrians during the natural disaster. The performance of proposed work provides the better result in terms of packet delivery rate and overhead.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation-based studies of tensile test and structural evolution of Cu-5 at.% Zr alloy under asymmetric cyclic loading (i.e., ratcheting behavior) considering various stress ratios such as − 0.2, − 0.4 and − 0.6 for different temperatures, viz.≈ 100, 300 and 500 K have been performed using embedded atom model Finnis–Sinclair potential. According to obtained stress–strain response from MD calculation, Cu-5 at.% Zr alloy specimen is pristine in nature as sudden drop in stress just after yield stress and subsequent elastic type deformation are observed for this alloy. Predicted ratcheting strain by MD simulation for Cu-5 at.% Zr alloy varies from 4.5 to 5%. Significant increase in ratcheting strain has been observed with the increase in temperature. Slight reduction in crystallinity is identified at the middle of the each loading cycle from the performed radial distribution function analysis and cluster analysis.

In this study, the feasibility of using microwave irradiated Aegle marmelos Correa fruit shell was investigated in a fixed-bed column towards sorptive removal of Atrazine from aqueous solutions. Characterizations of adsorbent such as SEM, point of zero charge (6.5), surface functional groups, BET surface area (910.31m2 g− 1), thermal and elemental analysis were carried out. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the process parameters such as influent flow rate (2.5–4.5 ml min− 1), initial atrazine concentration (20–60 mg l− 1), adsorbent particle size (0.082–0.20 mm), and fixed-bed height (5–10 cm). The highest equilibrium adsorption capacity of atrazine at optimum conditions viz. bed height 9.46 cm, initial atrazine concentration 43.29 mg l− 1, flow rate 4.41 ml min− 1 and adsorbent particle size 0.2 mm were estimated to be 12,303.3 mg g− 1. Single stage batch adsorber was designed using BBD quadratic model for desired purification. Fixed-bed adsorption data obtained at optimum conditions and at different bed heights were fitted into different kinetic models to predict the applicable break-through curve model. Dose-response model best suited model for mathematical description of atrazine removal in fixed bed column over other selected models.

T23 is a low alloy ferritic steel used for boiler super heater and re-heater tubes and water panels in complex fuelled power plants as they exhibit superior high temperature strength and creep behaviour compared to other low alloy ferritic steels. T23 steel is in bainitic structure which holds greater toughness than tempered martensite and also they possess increased resistance to thermal fatigue. With the help of T23 steel, the weight and piping component of the boiler can be reduced. The microstructure of the weldment without proper Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) was not in equilibrium state which led to the secondary hardening during subsequent exposure at high temperature. So there occurred a significant increase in hardness due to non-tempered weld joints and decrease in toughness. Therefore, Post Weld Heat Treatment for T23 steel is necessary. Using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process, the T23 steel was welded under suitable welding parameters (welding current, voltage and shielding gases). A study was done to know the effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on T23 steel and also the influence of welding parameters. Hardness of T23 steel was measured. The heat treated specimen is examined through Optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. Finally it was noticed that the Post Weld Heat Treatment has enhanced the mechanical properties as well as the metallurgical arrangement of the T23 steel.

Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning technique involving the grouping of data points used to classify objects or cases into related groups known as clusters. There are different clustering methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Our main focus in this paper is the newly developed Convex clustering algorithm. Convex clustering uses some hierarchical clustering features while reducing the ability to make false inferences. However, convex clustering is computationally demanding and there are two main obstacles in its path: (a) it is poorly situated on high-dimensional problems and (b) minimal guidance on how to choose penalty weights. Our main objective is to attempt to modify the convex clustering algorithm in order to eliminate the above drawbacks.

Flash memory provides significant performance improvement over HDDs, but are confronted with some unique challenges like write endurance and write amplifications. Designing of indexing data structures for flash memory has been an area of interest. In this work, we explore a new perspective in implementing B-trees on flash. Previous works have predominantly focused on improving the insert performance which compromised search performance. We propose ways to improves search performance without compromising insert performance using a novel concept of an optimized metadata to speed up the search performance. New ideas to smartly exploit the incremental 1-to-0 update properties of flash in interesting ways to improve the endurance are explored. Our experiments revealed 60% search response time improvement over the best of the alternative schemes. The problems addressed are also relevant to emerging areas like Non-volatile Memory (NVM).

With the increasing use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scans in oncology, the finding of thyroid incidentalomas, also popularly described as PET-associated incidental neoplasms (PAINs) of the thyroid gland is not unusual. The 18F-FDG PET-CT scans of all patients who underwent imaging for indications other than thyroid malignancy at our tertiary care center between January 1 and December 31, 2017, were retrospectively reviewed for PAINs of the thyroid. A total of 173718F-FDG PET-CT scans were done at our center in the year 2017. 288 thyroid incidentalomas were detected in the said period; the rate of PET-CT-detected thyroid incidentalomas being 16.58%, focal incidentalomas among them being 11.7%. Only 29 out of 204 patients (14.21%) with focal thyroid incidentalomas in our cohort underwent an aspiration cytology and/or ultrasound. The rate of malignancy among the PET detected focal thyroid incidentalomas in the cohort of patients with a proven diagnosis was 10.34%. Our study highlights the challenges in the evaluation and management of PAIN in a tertiary care oncology setting. None of the factors studied including nodule size and standardized uptake value predicted the risk of malignancy. Clinicians specializing in the management of thyroid nodules need to understand the clinical significance of the PAIN, and we hope that our unique experience adds to the limited clinical information available in this regard.

As technology is improving day by day, it is essential to protect pedestrians who have gathered in large numbers during the disasters in places such as shopping malls, theatres, hospitals and schools. Such a way, some precautions for efficient evacuation had to be taken. Few research has been done on pedestrian evacuation such as the optimization-based feedback control method by controlling pedestrian evacuation through instruction. But because there were chances that many pedestrians might not be aware of the disaster, it couldn't make it out. It is not possible to protect pedestrians through the instructions alone. In this paper, the technique is used without their involvement to protect those pedestrians. Here, the proposed region-based scheduling algorithm was aimed at monitoring the pedestrian based on the planning of building areas. Multiple moving sensors are generally deployed to monitor pedestrian actions where the whole area is divided into different regions. Using NS-2 simulator, it is found from the simulated results that region-based algorithm with multiple moving sensors improves the performance of actions and pedestrian status during threats in large-scale buildings.

Inertial system consisting of 10 DoF MEMS IMU has been brought to deploy on the stores of high performance fighter aircraft to estimate the separation trajectory of released stores from the aircraft. The IMU calibration has been carried out as it is prerequisite for accurate estimation of stores separation trajectory. This paper presents calibration methodology and test procedure followed to calibrate IMU. The intent is to find out stochastic and deterministic errors in tri-axial rate gyroscopes and tri-axial accelerometers of a MEMS IMU. For this, rate table tests are conducted to calibrate gyroscopes and tumble tests are carried out to calibrate accelerometers. In this paper, the sensor axis misalignment factors in IMU is obtained from gauss-newton optimization algorithm. Thus obtained calibration constants are further used in an EKF based fusion algorithm. A 6-state & a 9-state Extended Kalman filters are presented to estimate Euler angles and position respectively. Effect of calibration on Euler angles and position estimation is clearly brought out.