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In recent years, natural products obtained from Corsican endemic plants have become increasingly popular in the fields of perfumery, aromatherapy and cosmetics. On the other hand, marine resources of the island are not sufficiently exploited despite the large biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea. In this context, the aim of our study was twofold. First, it was to study the chemical composition of several red alga populations belonging to the Laurencia complex, in adapting the analytical strategy to the complexity of the mixture. Secondly, we wanted to contribute to a better understanding of the chemical variability observed between the different populations. Indeed, chemotaxonomy can be considered as a useful complementary tool to classical methods (DNA barcoding) for the discrimination of Laurencia species, which phylogenetic relations are complex.The first part concerns the chemical composition of 4 Laurencia obtusa populations collected in Corsica. Extracts and fractions obtained after silica gel chromatographies were analyzed by 13C NMR. A total of 46 known compounds were directly identified in mixture by comparison with literature spectra data. This study also allowed the identification and characterization of 5 new metabolites by means of 1D and 2D NMR as well as mass spectrometry. Therefore we isolated one γ-snyderane, one diterpene exhibiting the 19(4→3)abeo-labdane skeleton, together with 3 C15 acetogenins sharing the same tetrahydropyran ring. All of these new metabolites possess an uncommon skeleton for the Laurencia complex, giving to Corsican populations some specific feature.The second part deals with the chemical variability and metabolomic studies of the Laurencia complex. Indeed, the diversity and originality of the molecules identified in each population led us to focus on chemotaxonomic studies of Laurencia species. Thus, we were able to develop a method of discrimination of 2 Laurencia species by combining 1H and 13C NMR and we were also able to highlight metabolites responsible of this discrimination., Les filières PAM et cosmétiques se sont fortement développées en région Corse durant la dernière décennie. La production d’huiles essentielles a en particulier rencontré un grand succès avec des débouchés dans les domaines de la parfumerie, de l’aromathérapie et des cosmétiques. En revanche, les ressources végétales d’origine marine présentes sur le pourtour de l’île sont mal connues et inexploitées malgré la grande biodiversité qui caractérise la mer Méditerranée. Dans ce contexte, notre objectif était double : d’une part il s’agissait de déterminer la composition chimique de plusieurs populations d’algues rouges appartenant au complexe Laurencia, en adaptant la stratégie analytique en fonction de la complexité du mélange ; d’autre part, nous souhaitions apporter des éléments de réponse quant à la variabilité chimique observée entre les différentes populations. La chimiotaxonomie peut en effet s’avérer être un outil complémentaire aux méthodes classiques (barcoding ADN) dans la discrimination des espèces du complexe, dont les relations phylogénétiques sont très complexes.La première partie concerne donc l’analyse de la composition chimique des extraits obtenus à partir de quatre populations de Laurencia obtusa récoltées en Corse. Les extraits et fractions obtenues après chromatographie sur colonne ouverte de silice ont été analysés par RMN 13C. Au total, 46 composés connus ont été directement identifiés en mélange par comparaison avec les données spectrales issues de la littérature. Cette étude a également permis d’identifier et de caractériser (RMN 1D, 2D et spectrométrie de masse) 5 molécules nouvelles dans les différentes populations. Il s’agit d’un snydérane, d’un diterpène possédant le squelette 19(4→3)abeo-labdane, ainsi que de trois acétogénines partageant le même cycle tétrahydropyranique. Ces nouveaux constituants possèdent des structures peu ou pas décrites dans le complexe Laurencia issues probablement de voies de biosynthèses spécifiques et confèrent une originalité aux populations récoltées en Corse.La deuxième partie du mémoire est consacrée aux études de la variabilité chimique au sein du complexe Laurencia avec une approche métabolomique. En effet, la diversité et l’originalité des molécules identifiées dans chacune des quatre populations nous a conduits à examiner les relations chimiotaxonomiques. Ainsi, nous avons, par combinaison de la RMN 1H et du 13C, caractérisé la discrimination de deux espèces du complexe, en mettant en évidence les métabolites responsables de cette différenciation.

In recent years, natural products obtained from Corsican endemic plants have become increasingly popular in the fields of perfumery, aromatherapy and cosmetics. On the other hand, marine resources of the island are not sufficiently exploited despite the large biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea. In this context, the aim of our study was twofold. First, it was to study the chemical composition of several red alga populations belonging to the Laurencia complex, in adapting the analytical strategy to the complexity of the mixture. Secondly, we wanted to contribute to a better understanding of the chemical variability observed between the different populations. Indeed, chemotaxonomy can be considered as a useful complementary tool to classical methods (DNA barcoding) for the discrimination of Laurencia species, which phylogenetic relations are complex.The first part concerns the chemical composition of 4 Laurencia obtusa populations collected in Corsica. Extracts and fractions obtained after silica gel chromatographies were analyzed by 13C NMR. A total of 46 known compounds were directly identified in mixture by comparison with literature spectra data. This study also allowed the identification and characterization of 5 new metabolites by means of 1D and 2D NMR as well as mass spectrometry. Therefore we isolated one γ-snyderane, one diterpene exhibiting the 19(4→3)abeo-labdane skeleton, together with 3 C15 acetogenins sharing the same tetrahydropyran ring. All of these new metabolites possess an uncommon skeleton for the Laurencia complex, giving to Corsican populations some specific feature.The second part deals with the chemical variability and metabolomic studies of the Laurencia complex. Indeed, the diversity and originality of the molecules identified in each population led us to focus on chemotaxonomic studies of Laurencia species. Thus, we were able to develop a method of discrimination of 2 Laurencia species by combining 1H and 13C NMR and we were also able to highlight metabolites responsible of this discrimination.; Les filières PAM et cosmétiques se sont fortement développées en région Corse durant la dernière décennie. La production d’huiles essentielles a en particulier rencontré un grand succès avec des débouchés dans les domaines de la parfumerie, de l’aromathérapie et des cosmétiques. En revanche, les ressources végétales d’origine marine présentes sur le pourtour de l’île sont mal connues et inexploitées malgré la grande biodiversité qui caractérise la mer Méditerranée. Dans ce contexte, notre objectif était double : d’une part il s’agissait de déterminer la composition chimique de plusieurs populations d’algues rouges appartenant au complexe Laurencia, en adaptant la stratégie analytique en fonction de la complexité du mélange ; d’autre part, nous souhaitions apporter des éléments de réponse quant à la variabilité chimique observée entre les différentes populations. La chimiotaxonomie peut en effet s’avérer être un outil complémentaire aux méthodes classiques (barcoding ADN) dans la discrimination des espèces du complexe, dont les relations phylogénétiques sont très complexes.La première partie concerne donc l’analyse de la composition chimique des extraits obtenus à partir de quatre populations de Laurencia obtusa récoltées en Corse. Les extraits et fractions obtenues après chromatographie sur colonne ouverte de silice ont été analysés par RMN 13C. Au total, 46 composés connus ont été directement identifiés en mélange par comparaison avec les données spectrales issues de la littérature. Cette étude a également permis d’identifier et de caractériser (RMN 1D, 2D et spectrométrie de masse) 5 molécules nouvelles dans les différentes populations. Il s’agit d’un snydérane, d’un diterpène possédant le squelette 19(4→3)abeo-labdane, ainsi que de trois acétogénines partageant le même cycle tétrahydropyranique. Ces nouveaux constituants possèdent des structures peu ou pas décrites dans le complexe Laurencia issues probablement de voies de biosynthèses spécifiques et confèrent une originalité aux populations récoltées en Corse.La deuxième partie du mémoire est consacrée aux études de la variabilité chimique au sein du complexe Laurencia avec une approche métabolomique. En effet, la diversité et l’originalité des molécules identifiées dans chacune des quatre populations nous a conduits à examiner les relations chimiotaxonomiques. Ainsi, nous avons, par combinaison de la RMN 1H et du 13C, caractérisé la discrimination de deux espèces du complexe, en mettant en évidence les métabolites responsables de cette différenciation.

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International audience

International audience

Wildland fires are considered one of the major natural risks affecting almost every country in the world. The impacts of these fires are huge in term of environmental, economic, and social losses. Experts estimate that with the climate change and global warming, we will witness an increase in the frequency and size of fires in the next years. In this paper, we will present the advances in the use of multiple spectrum computer vision to process, analyze and understand wildland fires behavior. We will introduce different multispectral technologies used in image capture, the techniques developed to detect and extract the fires from the images, and how multispectral fusion is used in the context of wildland fires. We will show our recent results using multiple multimodal stereovision systems where different modalities are combined to extract important fires characteristics in threedimensional space. Finally, we will discuss the use of UAVs to monitor fires at a larger scale.

International audience; Objectives: We discussed which method between the test-negative design (TND) and the screening method (SM) could provide more robust real-time and end-of-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates using data collected from routine influenza surveillance in primary care. Methods: We used data collected during two influenza seasons, 2014e15 and 2015e16. Using the SM, we estimated end-of-season VE in preventing medically attended influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza among the population at risk. Using the TND, we estimated end-of-season VE in preventing influenza among both the general and the at-risk population. We estimated real-time VE using both methods. Results: For the SM, the overall adjusted end-of-season VE was 24% (95% confidence interval (CI), 16 to 32) and 12% (95% CI, À16 to 33) during season 2014e15, and 53% (95% CI, 44 to 60) and 47% (95% CI, 23 to 64) during season 2015e16, in preventing influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza, respectively. For the TND, the overall adjusted end-of-season VE was À17% (95% CI, À79 to 24) and À38% (95% CI, À199 to 13) in 2014e15, and 10% (95% CI, À31 to 39) and 18% (95% CI, À33 to 50) in 2015e16, among the general and at-risk population, respectively. Real-time VE estimates obtained through the TND showed more variability across each season and lower precision than those estimated with the SM. Conclusions: Although the worldwide use of the TND allows for comparison of overall VE estimates among countries, the SM performs better in providing robust real-time VE estimates among the population at risk. A.M. Vilcu, Clin Microbiol Infect 2018;24:431.e5e431.e12

International audience

Cet article est consacre au processus de transposition didactique de la langue corse. Il se propose d’etudier les conditions d’elaboration de manuels scolaires a partir de l’extension de la loi Deixonne a la Corse (1974). Outre les informations precises qu’il apporte sur la qualite des manuels, leurs auteurs, les conditions d’edition, leur inscription dans les differentes approches de la didactique des langues ou leurs contenus linguistiques, cet expose vise aussi une mise en contexte qui aide a comprendre les conditions systemiques de la reconnaissance d’une langue minoree.

International audience

Building on the successful experience in operating the DarkSide-50 detector, the DarkSide Collaboration is going to construct DarkSide-20k, a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23 t (20 t). This paper describes a preliminary design for the experiment, in which the DarkSide-20k LAr TPC is deployed within a shield/veto with a spherical Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) inside a cylindrical Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV). This preliminary design provides a baseline for the experiment to achieve its physics goals, while further development work will lead to the final optimization of the detector parameters and an eventual technical design. Operation of DarkSide-50 demonstrated a major reduction in the dominant 39Ar background when using argon extracted from an underground source, before applying pulse shape analysis. Data from DarkSide-50, in combination with MC simulation and analytical modeling, shows that a rejection factor for discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils of $>3 \times 10^{9}$ is achievable. This, along with the use of the veto system and utilizing silicon photomultipliers in the LAr TPC, are the keys to unlocking the path to large LAr TPC detector masses, while maintaining an experiment in which less than $< 0.1$ events (other than $\nu$ -induced nuclear recoils) is expected to occur within the WIMP search region during the planned exposure. DarkSide-20k will have ultra-low backgrounds than can be measured in situ, giving sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections of $1.2 \times 10^{-47}$ cm2 ( $1.1 \times 10^{-46}$ cm2) for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c2 (10 TeV/c2) mass, to be achieved during a 5 yr run producing an exposure of 100 t yr free from any instrumental background.

International audience

International audience

Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6086844/ I‐MOVE primary care multicentre case‐control team - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Ausenda Machado, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Verónica Gomez (Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge); Raquel Guiomar, Pedro Pechirra, Paula Cristóvão, Patrícia Conde, Inês Costa (Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge) BACKGROUND: Results of previous influenza vaccination effects on current season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To explore previous influenza vaccination effects on current season VE among population targeted for vaccination. METHODS: We used 2011/2012 to 2016/2017 I-MOVE primary care multicentre test-negative data. For each season, we compared current season adjusted VE (aVE) between individuals vaccinated and unvaccinated in previous season. Using unvaccinated in both seasons as a reference, we then compared aVE between vaccinated in both seasons, current only, and previous only. RESULTS: We included 941, 2645 and 959 influenza-like illness patients positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively, and 5532 controls. In 2011/2012, 2014/2015 and 2016/2017, A(H3N2) aVE point estimates among those vaccinated in previous season were -68%, -21% and -19%, respectively; among unvaccinated in previous season, these were 33%, 48% and 46%, respectively (aVE not computable for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B). Compared to current season vaccination only, VE for both seasons' vaccination was (i) similar in two of four seasons for A(H3N2) (absolute difference [ad] 6% and 8%); (ii) lower in three of four seasons for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (ad 18%, 26% and 29%), in two seasons for influenza A(H3N2) (ad 27% and 39%) and in two of three seasons for influenza B (ad 26% and 37%); (iii) higher in one season for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (ad 20%) and influenza B (ad 24%). CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any pattern of previous influenza vaccination effect. Prospective cohort studies documenting influenza infections, vaccinations and vaccine types are needed to understand previous influenza vaccinations' effects. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Grant Number: ECDC/2014/026 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Grant Number: 634446 WHO‐EURO info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International audience; Since the 1980s, agricultural economy has experienced a profound renewal through the process of territorial differentiation of production. In this perspective, Corsica got a Protected Designation of origin for the Brocciu cheese, as Sardinia for the Pecorino cheese, while Argan oil got a Protected Geographical Indication in Morocco. But are these 'product-leaders' actually hiding other forms of production behind them? The “basket of goods” theory helps to emphasize complementarities between several activities within a territory. Through this framework, we conducted research on by- products, also called joint products. Suckling lamb is a product derived from the main activity, dairy ewes and goats in the cases of Corsica and Sardinia, and argan oil in the case of Morocco. However, the relationships between these joint products present more competitive situations with the main product than real complementarity. This work is based on a PhD thesis in geography realized between 2011 and 2015 in these three regions. We aim to show, based on bio-technical dimensions associated with farming activities, how these relationships are taken into account and how they may be conflicting in a context of agricultural specialization. We approach the features of product certification as a potential vector of specialization where by-products could be excluded. We will develop these case studies further on and over wool as it offers a new perspective for craft products. Finally, our endeavour is to underline governance issues in the implementation of cross-sectoral coordination in contexts of strong social differentiation of the activities.

International audience; During the 2010 years, place brands have become a strategic challenge, mostly at the regional level, being carried by the local authorities which try to valorise and differenciate their advantages but also to mobilise local actors. Building on a qualitative and comparative study, the goals and managerial practices of six regional french brands are decrypted to understand their marketing approach. This explorative work lead to focus on the analysis on the "Terroir" approach suggested be some of them. Those brands choose then a label position; setting a kind of certification mark that we need to question regarding others devices of this kind already existing, that question more widely the legitimacy of the certification.; Au tournant des années 2010, les marques territoriales sont devenues un enjeu stratégique, notamment au niveau régional, porté en France par des collectivités territoriales qui essaient de valoriser et de différencier leurs atouts mais aussi de mobiliser les acteurs. En s'appuyant sur une étude qualitative comparative, les objectifs et pratiques managériales de six marques territoriales régionales françaises sont décryptés afin de comprendre leur approche marketing. Ce travail exploratoire nous conduit à focaliser l'analyse sur l'approche Terroir proposée par certaines d'entre elles. Ces marques choisissent alors un positionnement de label, mettant en place une forme de certification qu'il convient d'interroger au regard d'autres dispositifs de ce type déjà existants, ce qui questionne alors plus largement la légitimité autour de la certification.

International audience

International audience

A study on Trace Elements (TE) from sea urchin gonads has been conducted in the western Mediterranean Sea. Contamination data were used to determine a Trace Method Pollution Index (TEPI). TE concentrations varied considerably depending on the location of the sampling stations. The results showed that five trace elements (Zn, Fe, As, Al, Cu) are ubiquitous. The geographical area considered (Corsica) represents an important range of environmental conditions and types of pressure that can be found in the western Mediterranean Sea. TEPI was used to classify the studied sites according to their degree of contamination and allowed reliable comparison of TE contamination between local and international sites. TE contamination of the western Mediterranean Sea displayed a north-to-south gradient, from the Italian coasts down through the insular Corsican coasts to the north African littoral. Due to the increasing environmental pressure on the Mediterranean Sea, a regular monitoring of TE levels in marine organisms is necessary to prevent any further environmental deterioration.

Among all available species, fish are a powerful model for risk-benefit assessments to study the effects of contaminants on human health. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, Linnaeus 1758) and european seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) are two species of great economic importance, representing very large production volumes in the Mediterranean. The objective of this study is (1) to analyze the concentrations of Trace Elements (TE) between wild and cultured seabream and seabass specimens, (2) to compare the determined concentrations with other studies, and (3) to increase the data about the potential risks to human health. Our results point to significant intra- and interspecies-specific differences between wild and cultured fish for several trace elements. Several strong and moderate inter-elemental correlations in fish muscle were observed through correlation analysis. In our study, the mean levels of trace elements were still below the standard safety values for fish intended for human consumption. The same results were reached for all the parameters analyzed (international legal limits, estimated weekly intake, provisional tolerable weekly intake, target hazard quotient, target cancer risk), with trace element levels in fish below those that could pose a risk to human health. Consequently, these fish can be considered safe for human consumption. A better understanding of the levels of trace elements in fish would also better inform consumers about the potential risks of exposure to contaminants.

Ce travail est issu de la collaboration entre le Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCBOSN) de l’Université Nangui Abrogoua et l’équipe "Chimie et Biomasse" de l’Unité Mixte de Recherches de l’Université de Corse associée au CNRS (UMR 6134) "Sciences pour l’environnement" (SPE). Son objectif est une contribution à la valorisation des plantes aromatiques de Côte d’ivoire. Il a consisté à la caractérisation de quatre plantes de Côte d’Ivoire à travers la composition chimique de leurs huiles essentielles. Différentes techniques chromatographiques et spectroscopiques ont été mises en oeuvre, en particulier la RMN 13C des mélanges, méthode mise au point et développée par l’équipe « Chimie et Biomasse ».Les potentialités de cette méthode ont permis l’identification et la quantification d’un composé thermosensible majoritaire, le germacrène A dans l’huile essentielle de feuilles d’Artabotrys insignis.Par ailleurs, le suivi de l’évolution de la composition chimique des HE de feuilles et d’écorces de tige d’Artabotrys jollyanus sur une période de 12 mois a révélé une homogénéité qualitative de ces HE qui sont dominées par des sesquiterpènes (plus de 80% de la composition chimique). Ces HE ont montré un faible pouvoir antioxydant vis-à-vis du DPPH.Ensuite, la caractérisation des HE extraites de différents organes de Beilschmiedia mannii a été réalisée. L’HE d’écorce de racines s’est révélée riche en sesquiterpènes avec comme composés majoritaires, le (E)-nérolidol, le cis-α-bergamotène et le β-barbatène. L’étude de 8 échantillons d’HE d’écorces de tronc a montré divers profils chromatographiques dominés soit des monoterpènes (δ-3-carène, myrcène) soit des sesquiterpènes ((E)-nérolidol, cis-α-bergamotène et β-bisabolène). Une grande variabilité chimique qualitative et quantitative de l’HE de feuilles a été prouvée au moyen de l’ACP et de la CHA réalisées sur 45 échantillons. Sept groupes de composition chimique ont été ainsi mis en évidence. Les composés qui les caractérisent sont : le δ-3-carène, l’α-phellandrène et le myrcène ; le (E)-β-ocimène ; le β-bisabolène ; le (E)-β-caryophyllène et α-humulène ; l’α-copaène ; l’α-pinène ; le myrcène.Enfin, nous avons menés des investigations sur les HE extraites d’écorce de racine, d’écorce de tronc et de feuilles de Dacryodes klaineana. Des similitudes ont été observées dans la composition chimique des HE d’écorces de racine et de tronc. Ces HE, riches en composés monoterpéniques, sont dominés par l’α- et/ou le β-pinène. L’étude statistique sur un ensemble de 51 échantillons d’HE d’écorces de troncs montre trois groupes homogènes de composition chimique. Le premier groupe est dominé par l’α-pinène, le second par le couple α-/β-pinène et le troisième groupe est caractérisé par l’association α-pinène/β-pinène/limonène. L’HE de feuilles, par contre, s’est montrée extrêmement variable dans sa composition chimique. L’étude statistique menée sur 30 échantillons de cette HE a mis en évidence une grande variabilité à la fois quantitative et qualitative. Il a été possible de dégager trois groupes sur la base des composés majoritaires qui sont soit des monoterpènes oléfiniques : terpinolène, myrcène, (Z) et (E)-β-ocimènes, soit des sesquiterpènes oléfiniques : (E)-β-caryophyllène, trans-α-bergamotène, isodaucène et α-humulène. Ces groupes sont néanmoins difficilement caractérisables par un ou plusieurs composés chimiques. Cette dernière étude souligne la difficulté à caractériser cette HE et la nécessité d’un échantillonnage plus large avant de pouvoir envisager la valorisation.; This work is the result of the collaboration between the Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Natural Substances (LCBOSN) of the University Nangui Abrogoua and the team "Chemistry and Biomass" of the Joint Research Unit of the University of Corsica associated with the CNRS (UMR 6134) "Sciences for the environment" (SPE). Its objective was a contribution to the valorization of the aromatic plants from Côte d’Ivoire. It consisted of the characterization of four ivorian plants through the chemical composition of their essential oils. For this purpose, various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques have been implemented, in particular the 13C NMR of the mixtures, a method elaborated and developed by the team "Chemistry and Biomass".The potentialities of this method allowed the identification and quantification of a major thermosensitive compound, germacrene A in the essential oil of leaves of Artabotrys insignis.Moreover, monitoring the evolution of the chemical composition of the EOs of Artabotrys jollyanus leaves and stem bark over a 12-month period revealed a qualitative homogeneity of these EOs which were dominated by sesquiterpenes (more than 80% of the chemical composition). These EOs showed low antioxidant potency towards DPPH.Then, the characterization of the EOs extracted from different organs of Beilschmiedia mannii was carried out. The EO of root bark was rich in sesquiterpenes with (E)-nerolidol, cis-α-bergamotene and β-barbatene as major components. The study of 8 samples of EO from trunk bark showed various chromatographic profiles dominated by either monoterpenes (δ-3-carene, myrcene) or sesquiterpenes ((E)-nerolidol, cis-α-bergamotene and β-bisabolene). By the means of statistical analysis (PCA and hierarchical clustering), the leaves EOs showed a high qualitative and quantitative chemical variability. Seven groups of chemical composition were thus highlighted. The specific compounds of these different groups were: δ-3-carene, α-phellandrene and myrcene; (E)-β-ocimene; β-bisabolene; (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-humulene; α-copaene; α-pinene; myrcene.Finally, we investigated the EOs extracted from root bark, trunk bark and leaves of Dacryodes klaineana. We observed similarities in the chemical composition of the EOs of root and trunk bark. These EOs, rich in monoterpenic compounds, were dominated by α- and/or β-pinene. The statistical survey, led on 51 trunk barks EO samples showed three homogeneous groups of chemical composition. The first group was dominated by α-pinene, the second by α- and β-pinene and the third group was characterized by the association α-pinene/β-pinene/limonene. On the other hand, the leaves EO has been extremely variable in its chemical composition. The statistical study carried out on 30 samples of this EO showed a great quantitative and qualitative variability. It has been possible to highlight three groups on the basis of the major components which were either olefinic monoterpenes: terpinolene, myrcene, (Z) and (E)-β-ocimenes, or olefinic sesquiterpenes: (E)-β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, isodaucene and α-humulene. Nevertheless, these groups were so difficult to characterize by the means of one or more chemical compounds. This final study underlined the difficulty of characterizing this EO and the need for a wider sampling before considering the valorization.

This thesis addresses questions related to the reproducibility of numerical experiments in the context of complex environmental systems, and more specifically in the context of agent-based modeling. The activity can be seen to a numerical experiment, just like any other scientific experiment in an experimental discipline. Therefore, the description of MAS models should be shared in an unambiguous manner. To this end, we headed to a formal approach to describe models of structural and semantic point of view. We present in this manuscript two major contributions : an agent paradigm formalization proposal combined to design methods for models developments and an implementation of abstractions to facilitate the MAS development, according to the concepts defined by the formal approach through the Quartz tool. We also propose an implementation of the approach through two examples, in which the definition of a model is established from the informal description to its implementation.; Cette thèse aborde les problématiques liées à la reproductibilité des expériences numériques dans le cadre des systèmes complexes environnementaux, et plus particulièrement dans la cadre de la modélisation de systèmes multi-agents. L’activité de M&S peut s’apparenter à une expérience numérique, au même titre qu’une expérience scientifique menée dans une discipline expérimentale, c’est pourquoi la description des modèles SMA doit être partagée de façon non ambigüe. Dans cet objectif, nous nous sommes dirigés vers une approche formelle, qui permet de décrire les modèles d’un point de vue structurel et sémantique. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit deux contributions majeures : une proposition de formalisation du paradigme agent associant des méthodes de conception pour l’élaboration des modèles et une mise en œuvre des abstractions permettant de faciliter le développement de SMA, d’après les concepts définis par l’approche formelle à travers l’outil Quartz. Nous proposons également une mise en application de l’approche à travers deux exemples, dans lesquels la définition d’un modèle est établie, de la description informelle à son implémentation.

The MAP sector (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) is a booming sector. The demand for essential oil is constantly increasing, and in addition to the historical purchasers such perfumers, there is an increasing demand from the general public, especially since the advent of the "organic" trend. Their fields of application are multiple, from aromatherapy to cosmetics or perfumery or agri-food. In this context, this work had two main objectives. Initially, the study of the essential oils of several coniferous species introduced in Corsica (Larix decidua, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Cryptomeria japonica and Calocedrus decurrens), which could contribute to a broader range of the essential oils produced on the island. In the second phase, we focused on the essential oils of various endemic species to Madagascar (Melicope belahe, Vepris unifoliolata, Cinnamosma madagascariensis and Elionurus tristis), which are widely used in traditional medicine. Analysis of all essential oils was carried out by combination of GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C-NMR.The first part of this thesis concerns the analysis of the oils of six coniferous species introduced in Corsica. Among them, the oils of L. decidua, P. menziesii, P. ponderosa, S. giganteum and C. japonica are dominated by a high content of monoterpenes. Those of L. decidua, P. menziesii and C. japonica also contain a few sesqui- and diterpenes at appreciable contents, while those of P. ponderosa and S. giganteum are rich in phenylpropanoids. On the other hand, C. decurrens oils are more complex and required several fractionation steps to identify four unknown molecules in our databases: pin-2-en-8-ol, pin-2-en-8-yl acetate, methyl pin-2-en-8-oate, and pin-2-en-8-al. The last two are new molecules.The second part was devoted to the analysis of the essential oils of endemic Madagascar species. The leaves essential oil of M. belahe led to the identification of 56 constituents, majors of which are: α-pinene (42.6%), linalool (6.2%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (5.2%) and β-elemene (4.4%). V. unifoliolata exhibited a bark essential oil with high amounts of thermosensitive molecules: isofuranodiene (43.9%), germacrone (17.1%), curzerene (9.6%) and germacrene B (5.3%). 13C-NMR allowed the identification and quantification of these compounds. In addition to β-pinene (49.9%) and α-pinene (19.5%) as major constituents, the bark oil of C. madagascariensis contains cyclolocopacamphene (2.0%), an epimer of cyclosativene. We report for the first time its 13C-NMR chemical shifts. The essential oils of E. tristis are characterized by great chemical complexity. We have identified several oxygenated sesquiterpenes that are rarely encountered and four unknown compounds: (i) 7-epi-khusian-2-ol and 4,8-di-epi-acorone (respectively two new epimers of khusian-2-ol and acorone); (ii) 2-epi-ziza-5-en-2-ol; and (iii) elionurone, which is so far the one and only molecule with the new terpenic skeleton that we have named elionurane. We suggest a biosynthesis pathway for this molecule, which seems to be directly linked to that of the zizaane skeleton., Le secteur des PAM (Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales) est un secteur en plein essor. La demande en huile essentielle est en constante augmentation, au-delà des acheteurs historiques que sont les parfumeurs, il y a une demande toujours plus grande de la part du grand public, notamment depuis l’avènement de la tendance « bio ». Leurs domaines d’applications sont multiples, de l’aromathérapie à la cosmétique en passant par la parfumerie ou encore l’agroalimentaire. Dans ce contexte, ce travail présentait deux objectifs principaux. Dans un premier temps il s’agissait d’étudier les huiles essentielles de plusieurs espèces de conifères introduites en Corse (Larix decidua, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Cryptomeria japonica et Calocedrus decurrens) qui pourraient contribuer à un élargissement de la gamme des huiles essentielles produites sur l’île. Et dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux huiles essentielles de diverses espèces endémiques de Madagascar (Melicope belahe, Vepris unifoliolata, Cinnamosma madagascariensis et Elionurus tristis) très utilisées en médecine traditionnelle. L’analyse de toutes ces huiles essentielles ont été menées par combinaison de la CPG(Ir), CPG-SM et RMN 13C.La première partie de cette thèse concerne l’analyse des huiles des six espèces de conifères introduites en Corse. Parmi elles, les huiles de L. decidua, P. menziesii, P. ponderosa, S. giganteum et C. japonica qui sont dominées par une forte teneur en monoterpènes. Celles de L. decidua, P. menziesii et C. japonica contiennent également à des teneurs non négligeables quelques sesqui- et diterpènes, alors que celles de P. ponderosa et S. giganteum sont riches en phénylpropanoïdes. En revanche, les huiles de C. decurrens, plus complexes ont nécessité plusieurs étapes de fractionnement afin d’identifier quatre molécules inconnues de nos banques de données : le pin-2-èn-8-ol, l’acétate de pin-2-èn-8-yle, le pin-2-èn-8-oate de méthyle, et le pin-2-èn-8-al. Les deux dernières étant des molécules nouvelles.La seconde partie fut consacrée à l’analyse des huiles essentielles d’espèces endémiques de Madagascar. L’huile essentielle de feuilles de M. belahe a conduit à l’identification de 56 constituants dont les majoritaires sont : l’α-pinène (42,6%), le linalol (6,2%), l’(E)-β-caryophyllène (5,2%) et le β-élemène (4,4%). V. unifoliolata présentait une huile essentielle d’écorces avec une teneur importante en molécules thermosensibles : isofuranodiène (43,9%), germacrone (17,1%), curzerène (9,6%) ou encore germacrène B (5,3%). La RMN 13C a permis de réaliser l’identification et la quantification de ces composés. Outre le β-pinène (49,9%) et l’α-pinene (19.5%) comme constituants majoritaires, l’huile d’écorces de C. madagascariensis contient le cyclocopacamphène (2,0%), qui est un épimère du cyclosativène. Nous reportons pour la première fois ses déplacements chimiques de RMN 13C. Les huiles essentielles d’E. tristis sont caractérisées par une grande complexité chimique. Nous avons identifié plusieurs sesquiterpènes oxygénés, peu fréquemment rencontrés et quatre composés inconnus : (i) le 7-épi-khusian-2-ol et la 4,8-di-épi-acorone (respectivement deux nouveaux épimères du khusian-2-ol et de l’acorone) ; (ii) le 2-épi-ziza-5-èn-2-ol ; et (iii) l’élionurone qui est à ce jour la seule et unique molécule présentant un nouveau squelette terpénique que nous avons nommé élionurane. Nous proposons d’ailleurs une voie de biosynthèse de cette molécule, qui semble directement liée à celle du squelette zizaane.

International audience; Observations sous Civ. 1re, 27 septembre 2017, n° 16-13.151 et n° 16-17.198

International audience; (Crim. 25 avr. 2017, n° 15-87.427, inédit)

National audience

International audience; La nouvelle laïcité est définie par la croyance que la religion doit être uneaffaire totalement privée et s’éloigne de la définition historique prônant laliberté de conscience et la garantie du libre exercice des cultes pour tous(Baubérot, 2012). Des travaux corrélationnels récents ont montré que cettenouvelle conception était positivement reliée aux préjugés envers lesminorités ethniques et religieuses et qu’elle devenait une norme culturelle deplus en plus importante en France (Kamiejski et al. , 2012). Nos travauxproposent d’examiner ce lien de façon expérimentale afin de vérifier dansquelle mesure le climat social actuel peut légitimer l’exercice de pressionnormative à l’encontre des personnes d’origine maghrébine. Dans cetteperspective, quatre études ont été menées en France auprès de plus de 600participants ayant des préjugés plus ou moins élevés envers les personnesd’origine maghrébine. Les participants devaient évaluer et rapporter leurintention d’exercer de la pression normative sur une cible d’originemaghrébine adoptant ou non une attitude allant à l’encontre de la nouvellelaïcité (Etudes 1, 2, 3) et sur une cible d’origine musulmane ou catholiqueadoptant une attitude allant à l’encontre de la laïcité (Etude 4). Les résultatsdes trois premières études montrent que les personnes ayant de forts préjugésévaluent plus négativement et exercent plus de pression normative àl’encontre de la cible contre-normative que de la cible normative. Parailleurs, les résultats de l’étude 4 montrent que les personnes à forts préjugésévaluent plus négativement et exercent plus de pression à l’encontre d’unecible musulmane qu’à l’encontre d’une cible catholique. Ces premiersrésultats soutiennent l’idée que la laïcité est susceptible d’être mobilisée afinde légitimer des attitudes préjudiciables envers les personnes d’originemaghrébine par les personnes ayant initialement de forts préjugés.

International audience; La laïcité incarne-t-elle un principe politique qui engage vers plus le liberté etd’égalité ? Ou, au contraire, est-ce un instrument au service de la dominationd’un groupe sur un autre ? Malgré l’importance de ces questions, et lesdébats qu’elle suscite, il y a peu de tentatives visant à objectiver une réponsesur ce sujet. Dans cette communication, je présente un survol d’une série derecherches (enquêtes de terrain, expérimentations en laboratoire, enquêtesnationales) qui permettent d’aboutir à quelques constations en décalageavec le discours ambiant. D’abord, et de manière générale, les personneségalitaires (selon leurs réponses à l’échelle d’orientation à la dominancesociale, Duarte, Dambrun & Guimond, 2004) sont plus attachées à la laïcité que les personnes inégalitaires. Cependant, face à une menace d’ordresymbolique et culturel (i. e. les « musulmans » menacent les valeursfrançaises), telle que mesurée dans les réponses à un questionnaire ou induitecomme variable indépendante dans une expérimentation, les personnesinégalitaires deviennent aussi fortement attachées à la laïcité que lespersonnes égalitaires, mais elles en détournent le sens en direction d’unenouvelle laïcité d’interdiction (cf. Roebroeck & Guimond, 2017). Ces résultatssuggèrent, conformément à la théorie de la malléabilité des idéologies deEric Knowles et collègues (2009), que la laïcité est devenue en France uneidéologie malléable dont certaines personnes exploitent le sens en vued’atteindre des objectifs inégalitaires.

Since the 1990s, place marketing and branding strategies are increasingly part of the regional public agenda (Pasquinelli, 2010). Many European regions have developed a branding strategy to distinguish themselves from others based on their unique material and immaterial assets and the image they communicate (Rochette, 2012). Thus, regions become more dependent of their ‘cultural load’ and of the sense of belonging they are able to create, not only among visitors, but also among entrepreneurs, investors and inhabitants (Horlings, 2012).As there is not yet a generally accepted way to measure the benefits of place brands (Florek, 2015), our objective is to develop a tool for assessing and monitoring the value of regional brands considering specific governance characteristics and stakeholders involved. The Sud de France regional branding case in the Languedoc-Roussillon in France is used. This place brand has been launched in 2006 by the former president of the region in order to promote mainly local wines, typical food products and tourism services.First, based on stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984) and a power-interest matrix (Ackermann and Eden, 2011), key stakeholder groups of the Sud de France brand are identified. These include the regional government, food and tourism enterprises, residents and consumers. Thereafter, via a series of qualitative interviews, a set of indicators of place brand value is established which correspond to the perceived or expected brand benefits of the four main brand stakeholder groups. The key indicators per group are presented in form of a balanced scorecard which may serve as management and monitoring tool for assuring the brand performance and for regularly controlling its match with the stakeholders’ expectations.The study of the Sud de France brand shows that regional brands can have different value dimensions and offer various benefits for multiple stakeholders at the same time. Apart from their economic value related to the competitiveness and performance of local actors and the economic development of a place, regional brands have the potential to create social and environmental value by valorising and protecting the cultural and natural heritage, by stimulating a common regional identity and enhancing the overall quality of life.

Track Smart Territories/Information Science; International audience; Unlike traditional data sources, the social media stream such as Tweeter is characterized by the volume, velocity, and variety of the published information, which can vary significantly in terms of quality. Filtering and summarizing the media stream for long ongoing events is a challenging task. To be effective, a trade-off between pushing too many or too few tweets need to be achieved. While the proposed approaches are based mainly on the tweet content to discard irrelevant tweets regarding the event of interest, it is unclear how effective is the use of social signals in the tweet filtering and summarization task. We investigate the impact of social signals use to evaluate the quality of tweets. Two kinds of social signals are considered: the first ones are related to the author and the second ones are tweet specific features. Experiments were carried out on two datasets namely TREC MB Real Time Filtering 2015 and TREC MB Real Time Summarization 2016. The experiments that we conducted show the interest of integrating social signal and the use of machine learning algorithm to improve the quality of real-time tweet filtering approaches.

Track Smart Territories/Culture and Heritage; International audience

International audience

International audience; The aim of this study was to investigate emission characteristics in relation to differences in fuel moisture content (FMC) and initial dry mass. For this purpose, branches and twigs with leaves of Cistus monspeliensis were burned in a Large Scale Heat Release apparatus coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. A smoke analysis was conducted and the results highlighted the presence of CO2, H2O, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, NH3, SO2, and non-methane organic compounds (NMOC). CO2, NO, and NO2 species are mainly released during flaming combustion, whereas CO, CH4, NH3, and NMOC are emitted during both flaming and smoldering combustion. The emission of these compounds during flaming combustion is due to a rich fuel to air mixture, leading to incomplete combustion. The fuel moisture content and initial dry mass influence the flame residence time, the duration of smoldering combustion, the combustion efficiency, and the emission factors. By increasing the initial dry mass, the emission factors of NO, NO2, and CO2 decrease, whereas those of CO and CH4 increase. The increase of FMC induces an increase of the emission factors of CO, CH4, NH3, NMOC, and aerosols, and a decrease of those of CO2, NO, and NO2. Increasing fuel moisture content reduces fuel consumption, duration of smoldering, and peak heat release rate, but simultaneously increases the duration of propagation within the packed bed, and the flame residence time. Increasing the initial dry mass, causes all the previous combustion parameters to increase. These findings have implications for modeling biomass burning emissions and impacts.

International audience

International audience; par Anaïs Danet, thèse préparée sous la direction de Madame le Professeur Aurélie Bergeaud-Wetterwald, soutenue à l'Université de Bordeaux le 5 septembre 2016

I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ study team: Portugal - Baltazar Nunes, Ausenda Machado, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Verónica Gomez, Irina Kislaya, Mafalda Sousa Uva (Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge); Raquel Guiomar, Pedro Pechirra, Paula Cristóvão, Patrícia Conde, Inês Costa (Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge). I-MOVE/I-MOVE+study team - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Ausenda Machado, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Ana Paula Rodrigues, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Verónica Gomez, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Irina Kislaya, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Mafalda Sousa Uva, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Raquel Guiomar, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Pedro Pechirra, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Paula Cristóvão, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Patrícia Conde, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo; Jorge Inês Costa, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge. We measured early 2016/17 season influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) in Europe using multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels. IVE at primary care level was 44.1%, 46.9% and 23.4% among 0-14, 15-64 and ≥ 65 year-olds, and 25.7% in the influenza vaccination target group. At hospital level, IVE was 2.5%, 7.9% and 2.4% among ≥ 65, 65-79 and ≥ 80 year-olds. As in previous seasons, we observed suboptimal IVE against influenza A(H3N2). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius L., 1758) is an apex predator, highly migratory meso-pelagic fish widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean. As top predators, this fish may be the end reservoir of the bioaccumulation of trace elements in a food chain because they occupy higher trophic levels and are an important food source, causing them to be potentially hazardous to consume. This study aims to investigate the concentration of 18 trace elements of Swordfish, caught in the Mediterranean Sea and to discuss human exposure risks. The mean element levels in the fish muscles were clearly below the maximum allowable concentrations established by International food safety regulations. The data suggested that the risk is minor and acceptable for human health. The findings of this study amplify the scarce database on contaminants available, especially new data on "emerging elements", for this species from the Mediterranean Sea.

International audience; (Crim. 28 mars 2017, n° 15-84.940, PB, D. 2017. 1233, note J. Pradel ; AJ pénal 2017. 284, obs. W. Azoulay)

International audience

International audience; (Crim. 27 juin 2017, n° 17-80.783, PB)

International audience; (Crim. 2 nov. 2016, n° 15-87.163, publié au Bulletin, D. 2017. 203, note A. Serinet ; ibid. 181, obs. E. Dreyer ; AJ pénal 2017. 39, obs. J.-B. Thierry ; Dalloz IP/IT 2017. 61, obs. E. Derieux)

Chair - Symposium U : La République face à la diversité culturelle et religieuse; International audience; Une première étude, présentée par Elodie Roebroeck et Serge Guimond,s’intéresse aux approches pédagogiques de la diversité culturelle adoptéespar les enseignants. Il en ressort que les enseignants adoptent de préférenceune approche pédagogique « color-blind » valorisant les similitudes de leursélèves. Néanmoins, cette approche républicaine ne semble absolument pasincompatible avec la prise en compte de la diversité culturelle et religieuse.