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5 págs.; 4 figs.; complementary material, © 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The dynamics of quantum phase transitions pose one of the most challenging problems in modern many-body physics. Here, we study a prototypical example in a clean and well-controlled ultracold atom setup by observing the emergence of coherence when crossing the Mott insulator to superfluid quantum phase transition. In the 1D Bose-Hubbard model, we find perfect agreement between experimental observations and numerical simulations for the resulting coherence length. We, thereby, perform a largely certified analog quantum simulation of this strongly correlated system reaching beyond the regime of free quasiparticles. Experimentally, we additionally explore the emergence of coherence in higher dimensions, where no classical simulations are available, as well as for negative temperatures. For intermediate quench velocities, we observe a power-law behavior of the coherence length, reminiscent of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. However, we find nonuniversal exponents that cannot be captured by this mechanism or any other known model., We acknowledge financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant FOR801 (Deutsch-Israelisches Kooperationsprojekt Quantum Phases of Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices), the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Optical Lattice Emulator Program), Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Project FIS2011-29287, the Spanish Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios Predoctoral Program, CAM Research Consortium QUITEMAD S2009-ESP-1594, the European Union (Simulations and Interfaces with Quantum Systems), the European Research Council (Taming nonequilibrium quantum systems), Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes.

Background: The use of autologous blood products to treat degenerative tissue disorders is receiving increasing interest. A new procedure using gold particles to stimulate the production of various proteins in patients owns blood (GOLDIC) was investigated. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of GOLDIC injections, horses with different lameness-associated diseases were treated. Study Design: Case series. Materials and Methods: 36 horses (37 cases) with the clinical signs of lameness were enclosed in this study. The causes for lameness was chondromalacia (n=19) or soft tissue disorders (n=18). The horses were treated by four injections of gold-induced, autologous-conditioned serum. The conditioning process included the incubation of the autologous serum with solid gold particles over 24 hours (GOLDIC procedure). 28 patients had undergone a previous therapeutic intervention, whereas 9 had not. Horses were assessed for lameness using the AAEP grading scale (0=no lameness, 5=severe lameness). Swelling and/or effusion were evaluated in an equal scale between 0 and 5 (0=no swelling/effusion, 5=severe swelling/effusion). Scores were collected at pretreatment after one, two, and three weeks, respectively, and after three and six months post-treatment. AAEP grading scale score was defined as the primary parameter. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In all 37 cases, a significant reduction of lameness, effusion (joint group) and swelling (soft tissue disorders group) within 3 weeks after treatment (P

Aufgrund des zunehmenden oeffentlichen Strassen- und Schienenverkehrs gewinnt der konstruktive Brandschutz fuer Tunnelbauwerke zunehmend an Bedeutung. Braende in Verkehrstunneln sind zwar selten, verursachen jedoch gegebenenfalls hohe Sachschaeden und in letzter Konsequenz auch Personenschaeden. Das Auskleidungssystem muss so geplant sein, dass im Brandfall einerseits ausreichender Personenschutz gewaehrleistet ist, andererseits die Wiederinstandsetzungsmassnahmen oekonomisch vertretbar sind und die Wiederinbetriebnahme des Tunnels moeglichst rasch hergestellt werden kann. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Brandverhalten von Stahl- und Polypropylen-Faserbeton fuer Tunnelinnenschalen und stellt die dazu durchgefuehrten Versuche und Erkenntnisse vor. (A) Titel in Englisch: Behaviour of fibre concrete for tunnel shells under fire exposure.

In der Arbeit wird die Entwicklung der Hemiarthroplastik von der monozentrischen Kopfprothese zur bizentrischen Duokopfprothese nachgezeichnet. Eine empirische Entwicklung, die sich an den klinischen (Miss-) Erfolgen orientierte. Mit Hilfe des 1990 von Nagerl beschriebenen Konzeptes des uberschlagenen dimeren Kugelgelenks, wird der Mechanismus von 19 Duokopfprothesen physikalisch analysiert und erklart. Klinische, in der Literatur angegebene Beobachtungen uber das varische Einstellen und die Luxationen der monozentrischen Bipolarkopfe werden in diesem physikalisch, biomechanischen Kontext ebenso diskutiert und aufgelost, wie die Valguspositionierung und das “selbstzentrierende, intelligente” Moment der bizentrischen Bipolarprothesen. Die Hemiarthroplastik hat uber die Methode Versuch und Irrtum im exzentrischen Duokopf das Prinzip des uberschlagenen dimeren Kugelgelenks bzw. der uberschlagenen dimeren Gelenkkette evolutioniert. Nach diesem Prinzip funktionieren heute elf der sechzehn auf dem Markt verbliebenen untersuchten Systeme.

The large-gel two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technique, developed by Klose and co-workers over the past 25 years, provides the resolving power necessary to separate crude proteome extracts of higher eukaryotes. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) provides the sample throughput necessary to identify thousands of different protein species in an adequate time period. Spot excision, in situ proteolysis, and extraction of the cleavage products from the gel matrix, peptide purification and concentration as well as the mass spectrometric sample preparation are the crucial steps that interface the two analytical techniques. Today, these routines and not the mass spectrometric instrumentation determine how many protein digests can be analyzed per day per instrument. The present paper focuses on this analytical interface and reports on an integrated protocol and technology developed in our laboratory. Automated identification of proteins in sequence databases by mass spectrometric peptide mapping requires a powerful search engine that makes full use of the information contained in the experimental data, and scores the search results accordingly. This challenge is heading a second part of the paper.

Die Entwicklung zementgebundener Baustoffe hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten einen staendigen Aufwaertstrend erfahren. Die zeitlich letzte Steigerungsstufe in dieser Entwicklungsreihe stellt der ultrahochfeste Beton (UHPC) dar. Diese Betone erzielen Festigkeiten bis zu 800 N/mm2, erfordern aber spezielle Kenntnis hinsichtlich der verwendeten Mischungskomponenten und Nachbehandlungsverfahren. Um die hohe Leistungsfaehigkeit von UHPC voll ausnuetzen zu koennen, bedarf es zusaetzlicher Konzepte bei der Projektierung, Anwendung und der konstruktiven Ausfuehrung. Aufgrund von an der Technischen Universitaet Wien und der Universitaet Leipzig durchgefuehrten Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, dass sich die Rezepturen nach dem Anwendungsfall richten muessen, wenn die hohe Leistungsfaehigkeit des Betons und Gesichtspunkte der Kostenrechnung miteinander einhergehen sollen. (A) Titel in Englisch: Material properties of ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC).

Sixteen paired human cadaver femora were prepared using conventional broaches. Cancellous bone was irrigated with 1 L pulsed lavage in one femur and 1 L syringe lavage in the contralateral femur. The specimens were embedded in specially designed pots, and vacuum-mixed bone-cements were applied in a retrograde manner. After application of a standard pressure to the pots, the femora were removed and radiographed, and horizontal sections were obtained and analyzed to assess cement penetration into cancellous bone and the ratio of the area of supported to unsupported cancellous bone (Rcb). Our results show that in equal quality bone, the use of jet lavage yields significantly (P < .0001) improved cement penetration and Rcb compared with syringe lavage specimens. Jet lavage should be considered routine to achieve interdigitation with cancellous bone in cemented total hip arthroplasty.

Intraoperative Fettembolien stellen eine gefurchtete Komplikation bei der Implantation von zementierten Hufttotalendoprothesen dar. Im Rahmen einer tierexperimentellen Studie untersuchten wir an einem Schafsmodell, das die standardisierte bilaterale und simultane Zementeinbringung erlaubt, die Effektivitat der Jet-Lavage im Vergleich zur manuellen Spritzenspulung von gleichem Volumen im Hinblick auf die Reinigungsfahigkeit des Knochenlagers. Zielkriterium war die Fett- und Knochenmarkseinschwemmung in die Blutbahn. Das operative Vorgehen beinhaltete die bilaterale Plazierung von intravenosen Kathetern in die Venae iliacae externae via eines retroperitonealen Zugangs. Nach der Schenkelhalsosteotomie wurden beide femoralen Markraume fur die retrograde Zementeinbringung prapariert. Nach Randomisierung wurde eine Seite manuell mit 250 ml Spulung gereinigt, das andere Femur mit dem identischen Volumen mittels Jet-Lavage. Durch eine speziell fur diesen Versuch angefertigte Zementkompressionsmaschine wurde anschliesend der retrograd eingebrachte Zement simultan mit gleichem Druck komprimiert. Das abgeleitete Blut aus beiden iliacalen Venenkathetern wurde gesammelt, antikoaguliert und einer quantitativen und qualitativen Fettanalyse zugefuhrt. Trotz gleicher Spulvolumina zog die manuelle Lavage eine signifikant hohere Einschwemmung von Fett – und Knochenmarksbestandteilen (p < 0.001) als die pulsierende Druckspulung nach sich. Durch diesen Versuch konnte gezeigt werden, dass nicht nur das Volumen, sondern auch die Qualitat der Markraumspulung das Risiko fur die Entstehung von Fettembolien und kardiorespiratorischen Nebenwirkungen entscheidend beeinflusst. Die erzielten Ergebnisse betonen die herausragende Rolle der Jet-Lavage bei der Implantation von zementierten Huftendoprothesen.

This prospective clinical study evaluated 69 patients (136 knees) presenting with anterior knee pain after failure to respond to conservative treatment. All patients agreed to undergo minimally invasive intraosseous pressure measurements of the patella under local anesthesia. Forty patients (50 knees) demonstrated a positive pain provocation test (the typical pain sensation could be reproduced by raising intrapatellar pressure) and were treated with a new method of intraosseous drilling and decompression. Ninety percent of the patients treated experienced pain relief >3 years postoperatively. Repeated intraosseous pressure measurements in 33 knees 1 year postoperatively confirmed objective intraosseous pressure reduction in 88%. Patients with anterior knee pain and a positive pain provocation test were labeled as hypertension syndrome of the patella. These results indicate simple extra-articular patellar decompression may offer a valuable new form of treatment in select patients with anterior knee pain, ie, hypertension syndrome of the patella.

Insulin treatment of Drosophila melanogaster Kc 167 cells induces the multiple phosphorylation of a Drosophila ribosomal protein, as judged by its decreased electrophoretic mobility on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The extent to which insulin induces this response is potentiated by cycloheximide and blocked by pretreatment with rapamycin. Isolation and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the multiply phosphorylated protein was the larger of two Drosophila melanogaster orthologues of mammalian 40S ribosomal protein S6, termed here DS6A. Proteolytic cleavage of DS6A derived from stimulated Kc 167 cells with the endoproteinase Lys-C released a number of peptides, one of which contained all the putative phosphorylation sites. Conversion of phosphoserines to dehydroalanines with Ba(OH)(2) showed that the sites of phosphorylation reside at the carboxy terminus of DS6A. The sites of phosphorylation were identified by Edman degradation after conversion of the phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine as Ser(233), Ser(235), Ser(239), Ser(242), and Ser(245). Finally, phosphopeptide mapping of individual phosphoderivatives, isolated from two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, indicated that DS6A phosphorylation, in analogy to mammalian S6 phosphorylation, appears to proceed in an ordered fashion. The importance of these observations in cell growth and development is discussed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of jet-lavage and cement pressurising techniques upon cement penetration into proximal femoral cancellous bone. In a cadaver study 60 left human cadaver femora were used for implantation of cemented stem components. Four different groups of cementing techniques were generated, the allocation to the groups was randomized. Bone lavage was carried out either using jet-lavage or manual syringe lavage, cement application differed with regard to the amount of pressurisation used. Five different stem designs were used. Radiographs were taken and horizontal sections were obtained at predefined levels (2 cm) using a diamond saw. Microradiographs were taken and analysed using image analysis to assess cement penetration into cancellous bone. In an additional study the influence of jet-lavage (1000 ml) versus syringe lavage (1000 ml) was studied in 11 paired human cadaver femora. The specimens were imbedded in specially designed pots. Bone cement was applied in a retrograde manner and subjected to a standard pressure protocol with a constant force of 3000 N. The analysis protocol was identical to the main experiment. Both jet-lavage and pressurisation of bone cement significantly improved the penetration of cement into cancellous bone (p = 0.027 and p = 0.003, respectively). In the presence of strong, dense cancellous bone the findings were more pronounced. In the additional comparative study cement intrusion was significantly better (p < 0.001) in the jet-lavage group. We did not observe an influence of the stem type upon outcome (penetration). The use of jet-lavage yields significantly improved cement penetration and should be regarded mandatory in cemented total hip arthroplasty. High pressurising techniques are effective means to improve the interdigitation between cancellous bone and cement, but should only be administered in combination with jet-lavage to reduce the risk of thrombo-embolic complications.

Das Ziel dieser Studie war zu untersuchen, inwieweit unterschiedliche Zementiertechniken Einflus auf die Zementpenetration in das spongiose Lager am koxalen Femur haben. An 60 linken humanen Leichenfemora wurden mit standardisierter Praparationstechnik zementierte Femurkomponenten implantiert. Vier verschiedene Zementiergruppen wurden randomisiert. Je nach Gruppe erfolgte die Knochenlagerspulung mit Jetlavage oder Blasenspritze, sowie die Zementapplikation mit oder ohne Druckzementierung („pressurising“); 5 verschiedene Prothesentypen wurden implantiert. Alle Praparate wurden in 2 Ebenen gerontgt und in 2-cm-Abstanden horizontale Sageschnitte angefertigt. Von den Schnitten wurden Mikroradiogramme erstellt und diese hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Penetrationstiefe mittels Bildanalyse morphometrisch ausgewertet. In einer Zusatzstudie ohne Stielimplantation erfolgte standardisiert an 11 humanen Femurpaaren nach retrograder Zementapplikation die Druckbeaufschlagung des Zements mit einer konstanten Kraft von 3000 N. Dabei unterschieden sich die praparierten Femurpaare lediglich hinsichtlich Spulart (1000 ml Jetlavage vs. 1000 ml Blasenspritze). Die Auswertung wurde analog zum Hauptversuch durchgefuhrt. Den grosten Einflus auf die Penetrationstiefe des Knochenzements in die Spongiosa hatten im Hauptversuch die Verwendung der Jetlavage (p = 0,027) und die Druckzementierung (p = 0,003). Bei dichter Spongiosa war der Unterschied zwischen Jetlavage und Blasenspritzenspulung starker ausgepragt. Im Zusatzversuch zeigte die Jetlavage ebenfalls eine signifikante Verbesserung der Penetrationstiefe (p < 0,001). Unterschiede in Abhangigkeit vom Prothesentyp konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Verwendung der Jetlavage hat wesentlichen Einflus auf die Penetrationstiefe von Knochenzement in das Knochenlager und sollte in der zementierten Huftendoprothetik als unverzichtbar angesehen werden. Die Druckzementierung fuhrt ebenfalls zu verbesserter Zementverzahnung, sollte jedoch im Hinblick auf mogliche Knochenmarksausschwemmungen und resultierende thromboembolische Komplikationen nur in Kombination mit der Jetlavage angewandt werden.

By proving the opportunity to visualize several hundred proteins at a time, two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis is an important tool for proteome research. In order to take advantage of the full potential of this technique for yeast studies, we have undertaken a systematic identification of yeast proteins resolved by this technique. We report here the identification of 92 novel protein spots on the yeast 2-D protein map. These identifications extend the number of protein spots identified on our yeast reference map to 401. These spots correspond to the products of 279 different genes. They have been essentially identified by three methods: gene overexpression, amino acid composition and mass spectrometry. These data can be accessed on the Yeast Protein Map server (htpp://www.ibgc.u-bordeaux2.fr/YPM).

The behavior of mortar, ordinary concrete and high strength concrete under chemical corrosion and stress corrosion attacks is studied in the presented work. The specimens were immersed into a variety of chemical solutions, namely, 5% and 0.5% ammonium sulfate solutions, 10% and 1% ammonium nitrate solutions, and under different flexural loads with load levels of 30%, 40% and 50% of their initial flexural strengths, respectively. The strength development of the specimens was studied. The depth of penetration of the attacking ammonium nitrate ions was also determined. A synergy effect factor which describes the simultaneous actions of mechanical stresses and chemical attacks is defined in this paper. Consequently, a strength model for cementitious materials was developed, and new equations describing chemical corrosion and stress corrosion of cementitious materials,i.e. strength-time-curves, are proposed.

This paper describes the behavior of high-performance concrete under both chemical attacks and mechanical stresses. The specimens of the concrete C80 and C95 were subjected to flexural loads with a level of 30% of their initial strengths and immersed into a 5% ammonium sulfate solution, a 10% ammonium nitrate solution, and water saturated with Ca(OH) 2 , respectively. The development of strength of the concrete was determined at certain time intervals. The simultaneous action of corrosive media and mechanical stresses on the concrete leads to a stress corrosion effect. The difference of strength of the specimens, which were immersed in the water saturated with Ca(OH) 2 and the salt solutions and subjected to the same loading conditions, is defined as a chemomechanical effect (CME). The difference of strength of the unloaded and loaded specimens, both of which were immersed in the same salt solutions, is defined as a mechanochemical effect (MCE). The CME and the MCE of the concrete are discussed in the present paper.

Endothelial cell products may affect bone cell function, since trabecular and cortical bone are in close proximity to vascular endothelial cells. Incubation of cultured human osteoblastic cells with the endothelial cell polypeptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation. Furthermore, markers of differentiated osteoblastic function, i.e., alkaline phosphatase and type-I collagen, were dose-dependently increased in response to ET-1. The effects of ET-1 on cell growth and function reached a maximum at higher ET-1 concentrations, and osteoblastic cells bound ET-1 specifically with a KD of 35 pM, corresponding to the biologic effects of ET-1 on bone cells. Under baseline conditions osteoblastic cells expressed 16,800 binding sites per cell. The effect of ET-1 was dependent on its binding to the endothelin-1 receptor A (ETRA), since an inhibitor of ET-1 binding blocked the biologic effects of ET-1. Northern blot analyses revealed that cultured human osteoblastic cells possess the transcript for the ETRA. Expression of ETRA mRNA was under control of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3]. Incubation of osteoblastic cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 increased ETRA mRNA levels, corresponding to an increased effect of ET-1 on osteoblastic proliferation and function. Thus, a concerted action of the endothelial cell polypeptide ET-1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 may mediate an osteoanabolic effect of the vascular and endocrine vitamin D system.

Study design This investigation was aimed at characterizing anomalies and syndromes associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome in a large group of patients. The authors evaluated the clinical and radiographic features, documented the associated anomalies, and registered the type of treatment. Objective The anomalies or syndromes and the development of scoliosis were correlated to the type of Klippel-Feil syndrome. Material and methods In a cross-sectional study, the authors reviewed data from 57 patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome treated over 25 years at the Department for Orthopedics of the University of Heidelberg. The patients (17 males and 40 females; average age of the first contact, 12 years) were classified into three types according to the description of Feil in 1919. Results Klippel-Feil syndrome Type I (fusion of cervical and upper thoracic vertebra with synostosis) and Type II (isolated cervical spine) corresponded to 40% and 47% of patients, respectively. Type III (cervical vertebra associated with lower thoracic or upper lumbar fusion) was displayed in 13% of the patients only. The authors found a variety of combinations of Klippel-Feil syndrome and other anomalies in the patients examined in this study, with 67% of the patients characterized by an association with other disorders or syndromes. Of the patients, 70% showed scoliosis. Its degree depended on the type of Klippel-Feil syndrome. Scoliosis in Type I correlated with 31 degrees (Cobb angle), in Type III with 23 degrees, and in Type II with 9 degrees only. Thus, Type II, with isolated cervical fusion, shows a low risk for scoliosis. Conclusion This study increases knowledge of a wide range of anomalies and syndromes identified in association with Klippel-Feil syndrome. A special finding of the study was a correlation between the degree of scoliosis and Klippel-Feil syndrome Types I, II, and III.

A complete concrete model, named the updated Schneider-Concrete-Model which can take into account the transient creep strain and stress history, has been introduced at the 4th IAFSS Symposium in Ottawa 1994 [I]. Though the stress history is taken into account in the updated Schneider-Concrete-Model, the function for the history is simplified in [I]. This paper shows a new approach on how to take into account the stress history in a more accurate way. Sensitivity studies with the new concrete model are also done for different stress history functions by comparing the calculations with fire test results. The results of the study show that the stress level representing the stress history is not an overriding factor. The improved model named Morita-Schneider-Concrete-Model leads to a higher stiffness than the updated SchneiderConcrete-Model does, and in the case of a flexural element, the stress history function and the definition of elastic modulus do not indicate much influence on the calculation of structural fire behavior.

ObjectiveCartilage repair of full-thickness chondral defects in the knees of Goettinger minipigs was assessed after treatment with cell-free collagen type-I gel with or without additional BMP-7 loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolid acid) microspheres.MethodsTwo full-thickness chondral defects were created in the trochlear groove of one hind leg knee in six Goettinger minipigs. Six defects were treated with a cell-free collagen type-I gel plug of 10 mm, the corresponding six defects were treated with a cell-free collagen type-I plug with poly(lactic-co-glycolid acid) microspheres loaded with recombinant BMP-7 (100 ng/ml gel). After 1 year, the animals were sacrificed. Immediately after recovery, non-destructive biomechanical testing was performed. The repair tissue quality was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the O’Driscoll score was calculated.ResultsAfter 1 year, a robust cellular migration into the cell-free collagen gel plugs occurred and a hyaline-like repair tissue was found. Collagen type-II production and cellular organisation were higher in the BMP-7 microsphere group. The determination of the E-modulus, creep and relaxation revealed that mechanical properties of the BMP-7 microsphere group in summary were closer to control hyaline cartilage.ConclusionsWhile all specimens revealed a homogeneous cellular distribution, ECM production, cellular organisation and mechanical properties were enhanced by continuous BMP-7 release.

We investigate the expansion of bosons and fermions in a homogeneous lattice after a sudden removal of the trapping potential using exact numerical methods. As a main result, we show that in one dimension, both bosonic and fermionic Mott insulators expand with the same velocity, irrespective of the interaction strength, provided the expansion starts from the ground state of the trapped gas. Furthermore, their density profiles become identical during the expansion: The asymptotic density dynamics is identical to that of initially localized, non-interacting particles, and the asymptotic velocity distribution is flat. The expansion velocity for initial correlated Mott insulating states is therefore independent of the interaction strength and particle statistics. Interestingly, this non-equilibrium dynamics is sensitive to the interaction driven quantum phase transition in the Bose-Hubbard model: While being constant in the Mott phase, the expansion velocity decreases in the superfluid phase and vanishes for large systems in the non-interacting limit. These results are compared to the set-up of a recent experiment [PRL 110, 205301 (2013)], where the trap opening was combined with an interaction quench from infinitely strong interactions to finite values. We carry out an analogous analysis for a two-component Fermi gas, with similar observations. In addition, we study the effect of breaking the integrability of hard-core bosons in different ways: While the fast ballistic expansion from the ground state of Mott insulators in one dimension remains unchanged for finite interactions, we observe strong deviations from this behavior on a two-leg ladder even in the hard-core case. This change in dynamics bares similarities with the dynamics in the dimensional crossover from one to two dimensions observed in the aformentioned experimental study., 18 pages including 17 figures, similar to published version

We experimentally and numerically investigate the expansion of initially localized ultracold bosons in homogeneous one- and two-dimensional optical lattices. We find that both dimensionality and interaction strength crucially influence these non-equilibrium dynamics. While the atoms expand ballistically in all integrable limits, deviations from these limits dramatically suppress the expansion and lead to the appearance of almost bimodal cloud shapes, indicating diffusive dynamics in the center surrounded by ballistic wings. For strongly interacting bosons, we observe a dimensional crossover of the dynamics from ballistic in the one-dimensional hard-core case to diffusive in two dimensions, as well as a similar crossover when higher occupancies are introduced into the system., 6 pages, 4 figures + supplementary material; V3: Published version

We theoretically investigate the thermodynamics of an interacting inhomogeneous two-component Fermi gas in an optical lattice. Motivated by a recent experiment by L. Hackerm\"uller et al., Science, 327, 1621 (2010), we study the effect of the interplay between thermodynamics and strong correlations on the size of the fermionic cloud. We use dynamical mean-field theory to compute the cloud size, which in the experiment shows an anomalous expansion behavior upon increasing attractive interaction. We confirm this qualitative effect but, assuming adiabaticity, we find quantitative agreement only for weak interactions. For strong interactions we observe significant non-equilibrium effects which we attribute to a dynamical arrest of the particles due to increasing correlations., Comment: 4.5 pages, 5 figures (slightly different from published version)

Die in der Bauprojektsteuerung erforderlichen Prozesse sind in der AHO-Schriftenreihe Nr. 9 Projektmanagementleistungen in der Bau- und Immobilienwirtschaft niedergelegt. Dort wird ein Projekt zeitlich in funf Projektstufen (= Projektmanagementphasen) und funf Handlungsbereiche (= Prozessuntergruppen) differenziert. Die wesentlichen Arbeitsergebnisse der funf Handlungsbereiche werden anhand einer Grafik anschaulich dargestellt. Die handlungsbereichsubergreifende Prozessuntergruppe Projektorganisation, -information, -koordination, -dokumentation nimmt im Rahmen der Projektsteuerung als Kernprozess eine entscheidende Funktion wahr. Die hier angesiedelten Teilprozesse werden beschrieben und mit Beispielen hinterlegt. Immer wieder kommt es zu Schnittstellenproblemen nicht nur zwischen der Bauprojektsteuerung und der Projektleitung, sondern auch zu weiteren Leistungsbildern der AHO und HOAI. Diese werden anhand von Beispielen kurz erlautert

This document is divided into two parts. First a survey is given presenting sources of error in robot machining and outlining their dependencies. Environment dependent, robot dependent and process dependent errors are addressed. The second part analyses the errors according to their source, magnitude and frequency spectrum. Experiments under different conditions represent a typical set of industrial applications and allow a qualified evaluation. This analysis enables the qualified choice of suitable compensation mechanisms in order to reduce the errors in robot machining and to increase machining accuracy.

Untersuchungen zum Brand- und Abplatzverhalten von selbstverdichtenden Betonen zeigten, inwiefern sich unterschiedliche Polypropylenfasergehalte sowie die Vorlagerungsbedingungen (an Luft oder feucht) hinsichtlich des Temperaturverhaltens von selbstverdichtendem Beton auswirken. Nachfolgend wird uber eine Auswahl von Versuchen berichtet. Influence of storage Conditions on the Temperature Behaviour of Self-Compacting Concrete Intensive experimental studies were carried out at TU Vienna, A. Porr AG and MFPA Leipzig/Leipzig University in order to investigate the resistance and spalling behaviour of fire exposed selfcompacting concrete. In particular it was investigated how different fibre amounts and the storage conditions before testing (air or water) affect the temperature behaviour. In the following on a choice of experiments will be reported.

Posttraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head typically occurs immediately or within a few years after a femoral neck injury, and non-traumatic avascular necrosis is often related to systemic glucocorticoid therapy. We report an unusual case in which avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurred 15 years after a transcervical femoral fracture in a woman with a 20-year history of daily inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for chronic bronchitis. She had not taken glucocorticoids by any other route and had no other risk factors for osteonecrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of osteonecrosis associated with inhaled glucocorticoid therapy in a patient with a local cause of diminished vascular reserve. Inhaled glucocorticoid therapy should be added to the list of risk factors for osteonecrosis.

Resume L’osteonecrose aseptique post-traumatique de la tete femorale se presente typiquement comme une complication survenant rapidement ou dans les premieres annees suivant une lesion du col du femur. Par ailleurs, la corticotherapie constitue la principale etiologie des osteonecroses non traumatiques. Nous rapportons l’observation d’une patiente ayant presente, 15 ans apres une fracture du col du femur, une osteonecrose de la tete femorale. Par ailleurs, elle etait traitee depuis 20 ans pour une bronchite chronique, par une corticotherapie inhalee a doses habituelles, sous la forme de beclometasone dipropionate. Il n’existait pas d’autres facteurs etiologiques de l’osteonecrose. Dans la mesure ou il n’existe pas d’observation rapportee dans la litterature d’osteonecrose secondaire a une corticotherapie inhalee, nous pensons qu’il s’agit la du premier cas d’osteonecrose non traumatique secondaire a une corticotherapie inhalee chez une patiente ayant une vascularisation osseuse probablement fragilisee. La corticotherapie inhalee devrait donc etre envisagee comme cofacteur dans le risque de survenue d’osteonecroses aseptiques.

Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) at the W7-AS stellarator is performed two systems of comparable heating power at 70 GHz (0.8 MW, 3 s) and 140 GHz (0.9 MW, 0.4 s). Experiments with 140 GHz open a new parameter window with high density operation up to 1.1 × 1020 m−3. H mode transitions were observed in high density discharges at 2.5 T and at lower density at 1.25 T. The operational window for the stellarator H mode with emphasis on the density and power threshold and the influence of gas puffing on the H transitions are discussed. Perturbation experiments with modulated ECRH power were performed to determine the heat transport and the power deposition profile. Density control is achieved in combined heating with neutral beam injection (NBI) despite the beam particle fuelling, whereas with NBI alone a steady density rise is observed. The impact of combined heating on the impurity confinement was investigated. Electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) was studied in different magnetic field configurations and the influence of trapped particles on the ECCD efficiency was examined experimentally and compared with theory.

The strong process forces arising during high-speed machining operations, combined with the limited stiffness of industrial robots, have hampered the usage of industrial robots in high-end milling tasks. However, since such manipulators may offer flexible and cost-effective machining solutions, a three-dimensional piezo-actuated compensation mechanism, which aims to compensate for the positioning errors of the robot, has earlier been developed. A prototype model-based control scheme for position control of the mechanism, utilizing LQG control, has been proposed. The main contribution of this paper is an experimental verification of the benefit of utilizing the online compensation scheme. We show that the milling accuracy achieved with the proposed compensation mechanism is increased up to three times compared to the uncompensated case.

Synthesis and Properties of Macrocycles from Resorcinol, Corresponding Derivatives and Host-Guest Complexes Structural variations of the metacyclophanes obtained from the condensation of resorcinol with aldehydes RCHO are described, mostly based on the stereoisomer with all R in cis configuration. The basic tetraphenolate (with R = CH3, 1a) shows a cone-conformation as evident e.g. from vicinal 13C–C–C–1H coupling constants. Substituents R′ in the 2-position of the phenyl rings at the upper rim of the macro-cycle are either introduced with the resorcinol derivative used (R′ = CH3, COOH), or by Mannich reactions after cyclization (R′ = CH2NR″2), which partially lead to intermediate oxacine formation. Acid-base properties are evaluated with potentiometric and NMR-shift titrations. Mannich products from amino acids such as proline, which are formed without racemization, show no pK differences for the groups at the four equivalent phenyl rings, but three distinct pK values for the deprotonation of OH, COOH, and +NH3 substituents; the pK of the latter is two units lower than in proline itself as it is involved in hydrogen bridging. Complexation constants K of such derivatives with Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ show the expected increase with metal ion acidity; they are increased by a power of 5 in comparison to proline. Complexation constants and complexation-induced NMR shifts (CIS values) are determined for 51 complexes, with positively charged organic guest molecules for the basic tetraphenolate skeleton as well as for the aminomethylation derivatives. A temperature dependence study shows that the corresponding equilibrium is driven by ΔH with negligible ΔS contributions. No chiral discrimation is observed upon complexation of e.g. carnitine with the optically active amino acid derivatives. This is in line with CIS and K values obtained with several complexes showing an orientation of the NR″2 groups away from the cavity. The COOH substituents R′ form strong hydrogen bonds with the adjacent phenolic groups, leading to alternating pseudo-eq and -ax positions of the phenyl rings. Their interconversion barrier, determined by NMR spectroscopy, is 72 kJ mol-1; they bind mono- and bis-ammonium ions as function of distance matching. The presence of lipophilic substituents (R = phenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, n-hexyl, n-undecyl) at the bottom of the macrocycle furnishes a second binding center which allows to complex e.g. diethyl ether in water. Coordination of zinc to the proline derivative still allows co-complexation of choline acetate, the hydrolysis of which is not inhibited anymore as it is by the zinc-free macrocycle.

The description is given of a model for concrete in compression at elevated temperature that incorporates elastic, plastic and creep strains as functions of the temperature and stress history. The plastic strain and the creep strain depend on the stress history and the stiffness of the model depends on the load level during fire exposure. The proposed model is an updated version of a model presented earlier by one of the author [I]. Fifteen fire resistance tests have been performed on reinforced concrete columns centrally loaded under various heating, loading and restraint conditions. From the test results, it can be concluded that the strength of columns during fire is irrelevant to the restraint of elongation, and that the sustained load about 0.15 load level leads to a higher residual strength than the unloaded condition does. A comparison is given between experimental results and computed results. The calculations were performed either with the proposed Schneider concrete model or with the EC4 concrete model. The proposed model is closer to experimental values than the EC4 model when considering longitudinal displacements as well as axial restraint forces.

Background: The Cartilage Regeneration System (CaReS) is a novel matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) technique for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions (Outerbridge grades III and IV). For this technology, no expansion of the chondrocytes in a monolayer culture is needed, and a homogeneous cell distribution within the gel is guaranteed. Purpose: To report a prospective multicenter study of matrix-associated ACI of the knee using a new type I collagen hydrogel (CaReS). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: From 2003 to 2008, 116 patients (49 women and 67 men; mean age, 32.5 ± 8.9 years) had CaReS implantation of the knee in 9 different centers. On the basis of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) Cartilage Injury Evaluation Package 2000, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, pain score (visual analog scale [VAS]), SF-36 score, overall treatment satisfaction and the IKDC functional status were evaluated. Patient follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and annually thereafter. Mean follow-up was 30.2 ± 17.4 months (range, 12-60 months). There were 67 defects of the medial condyle, 14 of the lateral, 22 of the patella/trochlea, and 3 of the tibial plateau, and 10 patients had 2 lesions. The mean defect size was 5.4 ± 2.4 cm2. Thirty percent of the defects were 2 and 70% were >4 cm2. Results: The IKDC score improved significantly from 42.4 ± 13.8 preoperatively to 70.5 ± 18.7 ( P < .001) at latest follow-up. Global pain level significantly decreased ( P < .001) from 6.7 ± 2.2 preoperatively to 3.2 ± 3.1 at latest follow-up. There also was a significant increase of both components of the SF-36 score. The overall treatment satisfaction was judged as very good or good in 88% by the surgeon and 80% by the patient. The IKDC functional knee status was grade I in 23.4%, II in 56.3%, III in 17.2%, and IV in 3.1% of the patients. Conclusion: Matrix-associated ACI employing the CaReS technology for the treatment of chondral or osteochondral defects of the knee is a safe and clinically effective treatment that yields significant functional improvement and improvement in pain level. However, further investigation is necessary to determine the long-term viability and clinical outcome of this procedure.

Three-dimensional autologous chondrocyte implantation based on collagen gel as matrix scaffold has become a clinically applied treatment for focal defects of articular cartilage. However, the low biomechanical properties of collagen gel makes intraoperative handling difficult and creates the risk of early damages to the vulnerable implant. The aim of the study was to create a stabilized form of collagen gel and to evaluate its biomechanical and biochemical properties.Collagen type-I gel was seeded with human articular chondrocytes. 20 samples were subject to condensation which was achieved mechanically by compression and filtration. Control samples were left uncondensed. From both types of gels 10 samples were used for initial biomechanical evaluation by means of unconfined compression and 10 samples were cultivated under standard conditions in vitro. Following cultivation the samples were evaluated by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation rate was calculated and matrix gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR.The biomechanical tests revealed a higher force carrying capacity of the condensed specimens. Strain rate dependency and relaxation was seen in both types of collagen gel representing viscoelastic material properties. Cells embedded within the condensed collagen gel were able to produce extracellular matrix proteins and showed proliferation.Condensed collagen gel represents a mechanically improved type of biomaterial which is suitable for three-dimensional autologous chondrocyte implantation.