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When the federal government in 1942 forced Japanese Americans into "relocation centers," camp officials allowed them to publish newspapers "freely," under "supervision," without "censorship." In reality, however, the camp press was hardly "free." Newspapers published under governmental auspices were inevitably subject to various types of editorial interference. The camp authority's "supervision" took various forms, including pre- and post-publication reviews, selective staff employment, convocation of "meetings," supplying of news and propaganda material, and even direct and coercive editorial interference that officials themselves admitted to be "censorship." Camp officials also elicited self-restraint from staffers, making strict supervision or censorship unnecessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the educational programs provided by the U.S. War Relocation Authority (WRA) for Japanese-Americans who were relocated within the U.S. during World War II. The article discusses the curriculum for relocated Japanese-Americans designed by the WRA, U.S. professor Paul Hanna, and a group of graduate students from Stanford University. It also explores the effectiveness of education policy implementation from the federal level to the local level as well as whether the policies initiated by the WRA reflected the pedagogy of the era.

The Civilian Public Service Training Corps was a programme for conscientious objectors to train for the relief and rehabilitation of the war-ravaged areas during World War II. Although the Historic Peace Churches (Brethren, Mennonite, Society of Friends) and the Selective Service already had a tentative programme in place, Congress eliminated the possibility of wartime relief with the Starnes Amendment to the Military Appropriations Act of 1943. The historical scholarship differs, but an examination of the parties involved reveals that Congress' rejection of the Training Corps stemmed from a number of reasons, which included a desire to use military funds for military purpose and antipathy toward First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her role in American politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the discursive struggle engendered by the widespread revival of the occult in America during the Second World War. It begins by analysing middlebrow press reports, which used this interest in the occult to spread patriotic messages whilst simultaneously dismissing it as a symptom of women's wartime anxieties. The paper moves on to argue that this complex engagement with 'popular occultism' also manifested in 'escapist' forms such as literature, radio and cinema. It focuses particularly on a cycle of 'serious' ghost films which-like the Ouija board-provided a medium that addressed women's feelings of uncertainty and loss, whilst drawing attention away from the violent eradication of bodies. However, analysis of the production and reception of Paramount's The Uninvited -'the first serious story of spirit influence'-highlights counter-hegemonic strategies within these films, evinced by complaints to the studio and industry regulator over The Uninvited's 'dangerous' influences on women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that U.S. leaders navigated their way through World War II challenges in several important ways. These included: sustaining a functional civil-military relationship; mobilizing inside a democratic, capitalist paradigm; leveraging the moral high ground ceded to them by their enemies; cultivating their ongoing relationship with the British, and embracing a kind of adaptability and resiliency that facilitated their ability to learn from mistakes and take advantage of their enemies’ mistakes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents an examination into the journalistic coverage of World War II in the United States. Introductory details are given overviewing the various policies adopted by the U.S. government during the conflict to manage and censor the news industry at the time. Further commentary is given describing the typical logistic challenges of print media during the 1940s. The lives and careers of the civilian war correspondent Ernie Pyle and the cartoonist Bill Mauldin are discussed in depth. The commonalities shared by the two journalists are highlighted and exemplified as key features of World War II journalism.

The article discusses asymmetric warfare and the naval battles between the American and Japanese navies during the World War II campaign of the battle of Guadalcanal off the Solomon Islands fought between August 1942 and February 1943. Despite the U.S. Navy having a technological advantages during the campaign, especially radar, Japanese forces prevailed during many of the battles because of tactical advantages. The author compares the relative strengths of the two navies prior to World War II, considers how the Pacific region favored Japan in naval encounters, and considers naval training for daylight operations versus nighttime combat.

An essay is presented on the role of preventive war strategy in the military motivation behind the Pacific War between Japan and the U.S. The author questions the reasoning behind Japan's decision to attack Pearl Harbor, highlighting the difference between the economic and military power of the two countries. He suggests that Japan became engaged in World War II due to a fear of decline and vulnerability to attacks by the U.S. or Russia.

The article discusses the military operations of the Station CAST which served as the signal intelligence unit of the U.S. Navy in the Philippines during the World War II. It says that the Station CAST was transferred from Cavite to the AFIRM tunnel in Corregidor Island due to the growing attacks of the Japanese forces. It mentions the mission equipment of CAST including the Boehme Recorder 3, the Boehme Tape Pullers 6, and the high-speed camera. It tells that the primary drift of the tunnel, which was about 12 feet wide and 220 feet long, was driven through the hill at the top of Monkey Point. It tackles the fall of AFIRM on May 6, 1952 as well as the surrender of Corregidor.

The article looks at Japanese American Women in Colorado during World War II, focusing on the disloyalty associated with residents of relocation camps. The concept of loyalty to Japanese American women is discussed, noting the conflict between aiding the U.S. and remaining loyal to their demands for equal social status and citizenship. Japanese Americans during World War II were encouraged to embrace American culture and disavow all aspects of their Japanese cultural heritage. The author comments on the story of the Shitara sisters of Southeastern Colorado, who were arrested and placed on trail for treason.

The conventional wisdom that portrays US combat soldiers in World War II as a 'band of brothers' owes much to Hollywood and popular history, and distorts serious understanding of the relationships within combat units of the US Army. This article examines this idea in the context of theories of unit cohesion and combat motivation and suggests a more complex understanding of these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the resolutions passed by Ukrainian American organizations at the Second Congress of American of Ukrainian Descent, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 22, 1944. The resolutions support the loan drives sponsored by the U.S. government to fund its involvement in World War II. They call on Ukrainian Americans to help support the American Red Cross, and announce the organizations' support for a Ukrainian independence movement.

The article is devoted to the actions of Chinese formations against the Japanese Army in the Allies' Burma campaigns, conducted to reestablish the overland route for military supplies to China. The Allies' strategic thinking and clashes of interest in preparing these operations is examined. In the author's opinion, the successes in Burma could not have been repeated on Chinese territory, since the Chinese troops in Burma were operating as part of a unified, sophisticated military operation, the likes of which did not exist in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how World War II impacted the manufacturing industry in the United States. Numerous companies shifted their focus to the production of war supplies including the Harrison Radiator Corporation in Lockport, New York. The article explores the company's history prior to the war and discusses the innovations that owner Herbert C. Harrison brought to the automobile radiator. It examines how the company shifted to 99.9% war production by the end 1942, supplying intercoolers that allowed high altitude bombers such as Boeing's B-17, B-29 and B-24 to run smoothly. Additional planes using Harrison intercoolers included the Lockheed P-38 and P-47. The article also examines how the town of Lockport supported the war effort.

An essay that explores the exclusion and segregation of African American blood donors during the World War II-era American Red Cross Blood Donor Service is presented. It examines the failures and achievements of wartime civil rights activism, discusses the existence of racism among military and Red Cross leaders and explores how the federal government valued whites and non-whites.

While the Pacific War was a 'race war' to some extent, this description does not adequately describe the ways in which the US military came to understand the Japanese in order to defeat them. Considerable effort was devoted to understanding Japanese military culture and institutions as an aid to intelligence assessments of Japanese military behaviour and likely or possible future actions. This article suggests a refinement of the picture presented by Dower and others in the interests of a more sophisticated understanding of the cultural conflict embedded in the fighting between Americans and Japanese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conference paper examines issues surrounding collective memory of World War II in the U.S. and Japan and their relationship to Cold War nationalism. In the U.S. context, the author discusses a controversy surrounding an exhibit at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum commemorating the aircraft that dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Likewise, Japanese debates concerning the depiction of Japan's relatively violent military and colonial history in textbooks are also explained.

The article presents two speeches by Yui Daizaburo, professor at Tokyo Women's Christian University, delivered at the 2010 Nagoya American Studies Summer Seminar (NASSS). The speeches served as the opening and closing comments of the convention. In the speech, Daizaburo largely examines the importance of research on U.S. and Japanese collective memory surrounding World War II. The ways in which such research can bring about reconciliation are explored.

An essay is presented on the brief encounter of Attorney General Robert H. Jackson with the notion of preclusive presidential power in the U.S. It states that the opinion of Jackson in the Steel Seizure case is the best judicial opinion on the constitutional power of the President over foreign affairs. It mentions that Jackson has advised U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt regarding its entrance into World War II.

Explores the relationship between organized labor and the emerging civil rights movement during World War II. Volatile convergence of black and white workers in major defense production centers; Riot between black and white workers at the Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. in Mobile; Focus on unions affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations; More.

During 1995, America commemorated the 50th anniversaries of V-E Day and V-J Day, reminding us once again of the triumphs and the horrors of World War II. For American music therapists, this is a time of remembrance as well. Due to the tireless efforts of many dedicated physicians and musicians during World War II and its aftermath, the healing powers of music were witnessed on an unparalleled scale. For the first time in history, a military, the American Service Forces, officially recognized music as an agent capable of helping its mentally and physically wounded. This was, indeed, a major turning point in the longstanding partnership between music and medicine, and, in essence, the beginning of the modern music therapy profession. There are about 50 published sources dating from 1944 through the early 1950s that provide information on this subject; some were written by military officers and others by well-informed citizens. This study is derived from these sources. This account has several different facets. They include the creation of the music portion of the military's Reconditioning Program, the contributions made by civilians and individual servicemen, and the results of these efforts, with special emphasis on the study at Walter Reed General Hospital. Enlivening this picture and expressed in their own words are the thoughts of World War II's military spokesmen, pioneers in music therapy, civilian volunteers, and wounded veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article profiles former Senator Hiram W. Johnson of California who was an eminent isolationist throughout the second World War and offers discussion on the enveloping mood of isolationism in the U.S. It mentions the purpose to trace the extent to which Johnson announced his isolationist convictions and to delineate the pattern of argument which he used to defend a minority position. It notes that Johnson fought the principle of foreign entanglements throughout the war.