Search

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCCIÓN: el sistema de evaluación de la conducta para niños (sigla del inglés: BASC) es una escala para medir la conducta y la personalidad de los niños y adolescentes. OBJETIVO: establecer el fenotipo cuantitativo del comportamiento en 30 familias nucleares de Barranquilla con un caso índice de un niño afectado con TDAH, utilizando la escala BASC. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se seleccionaron 50 niños y adolescentes de ambos generos, pertenecientes a 30 familias con un caso índice de TDAH. Para el diagnóstico, se aplicó una entrevista psiquiátrica estructurada, evaluación médica y neuropsicológica. Los padres y maestros llenaron el BASC acerca de los niños y adolescentes. RESULTADOS: de acuerdo con las respuestas de los padres, el fenotipo estaría formado por síntomas de inatención en la escala clínica, con diferencias muy significativas entre los grupos y un tamaño del efecto enorme (1,45); además, informan la presencia significativamente más frecuente de síntomas atípicos en el grupo de TDAH, con un tamaño del efecto grande (0,7). En la escala de adaptación, los no afectados tienen habilidades sociales significativamente mejores, con un tamaño del efecto muy grande (1,23). En la escala clínica de maestros, los síntomas de hiperactividad muestran puntuaciones significativamente mayores en el grupo de afectados, con un tamaño del efecto muy grande (1,13); los síntomas de inatención también producen diferencias estadísticamente significativas con tamaño del efecto grande (0,98). El fenotipo cuantitativo más detectado por maestros es el de los problemas académicos, con un tamaño del efecto enorme (1,4). CONCLUSIONES: la escala multidimensional BASC permitió detectar posibles fenotipos cuantitativos del comportamiento en las familias estudiadas.

INTRODUCCIÓN: estudio transversal en una población de escolares entre los cinco y los 12 años de edad aparentemente sanos, de Bogotá (Colombia), para evaluar la prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). MATERIAL y MÉTODOS: el trabajo se realizó en dos etapas. Inicialmente se entregaron encuestas tanto a padres como a maestros para indagar sobre la presencia o la sospecha de TDAH y sobre las características socio-demográficas de los niños estudiados. A aquellos considerados como candidatos de padecer TDAH se les realizó una evaluación clínica dirigida al igual que se les aplicó la escala del DSM-IV validada para la población Colombiana. RESULTADOS: se evaluaron 1010 niños de 5 - 12 años y de ellos 584 (57.8%) cumplieron con los criterios para ser diag- nosticados con TDAH, lo que supone una prevalencia poblacional total de 5.7 por ciento. Las prevalencias por subtipos fueron: 0.8 por ciento para el hiperactivo, 2.5 por ciento para inatento y 2.4 por ciento para el combinado. Se encontró una relación significativa (p=0.00) con el género masculino en el grupo general y los subtipos hiperactivo y el combinado; por otro lado se evidenció una predominancia del género femenino en el subtipo inatención. Sólo nueve de los niños diagnosticados estaban recibiendo algún tipo de tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: el TDAH es una patología frecuente en niños de edad escolar y puede presentar un comportamiento variable, incluso en un mismo país, dependiendo de diversos factores como los ambientales o genéticos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Colombia, epidemiología, estudio transversal, niño, prevalencia, trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad.

Background: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in children; symptoms can persist into adult life by 60%. Our objective was to quantify the levels of lead in blood and urine in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods: we did an observational study which included a captive population of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the mental health service of Hospital General, from Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. Lead levels were determined in blood and urine by atomic absorption technique. Results: we included 39 patients, 932% male, with a mean age of 9.2 ± 2.16 years. The deficit and hyperactivity disorder combined type was the most frequent (69.2%); 49% of patients were found with toxic lead levels in blood (above 10 mg/dL); 17.9% with stage III and 5.12% with stage IV, according to the Mexican Official Standard (NOM-199-SSA-2000). Significant association was found between blood lead levels and the clinical expression of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conclussions: levels of lead exposure during early childhood have been shown to be inversely proportional to neurological development in the first seven years of life. Data results are insufficient to relate them with causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CES Psicologia is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The Initial Luria Battery has had a clinical utility of impact in Cuba. Investigations demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument to organize diagnosis strategies and neuropsychological rehabilitation in school children (between 5 and 6 years) with delay in the acquisition of superior psychological functions. Methods: A study descriptive longitudinal correlational of panel intends to determine the validity of the Initial Luria battery to identify neuropsychological alterations in the school age in a Cuban population with backwardness in the process of acquisition of the superior psychological functions. It calculates the coefficient of Cronbach, it defines explained variance percent and it shows prediction capacity battery for detect executive dysfunctions three years after application. It applied SESH 1.1 test (Evaluation and Pursuit System of the Hypothyroidism patient). The study included 126 children: 89 with ADHD, 25 with immaturity neuropsychological signs and 12 with neurological risk factors for early hypoxia Results: The instrument has a smaller internal consistency that the Spanish norms (0.92), but it maintains a reliable statistical value (0.82). The percent of the variance explains to 58.64 % comparative with the original 59.73 % and with 62.50 % compared with the Mexican (68,51 %). The executive factor of the battery turned out to be a strong predictor of the executive functions. Conclusions: The instrument is valid for to identify neuropsychological alterations in Cuban children with attention deficit with hyperactivity, neurological risk associated to early hypoxia and immaturity neuropsychological signs. It presents a strong value predictor of executive alterations after three years of applied the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The attention deficit with hyperactivity is one of the more frequent diagnostics in the environment of the clinical psychology and neuropsychiatric disorders in children. The essential symptoms are: inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and among the secondary symptoms the behavior and fine motor ability dysfunctions and emotional difficulties are frequent. Methods: A descriptive study of traverse court with the objective of evaluating the development of the skill motor ability in children with 5 year-old of age and diagnosis of attention deficit with hyperactivity. Review of clinical histories in the Neurodevelopment Rehabilitation Center "Rosa Luxemburgo", Cárdenas (Matanzas) in the period of December 2010 to March 2011 allowed the sample. Of 28 children, 18 were selected. The inclusion approaches were: 5 year-old, attention deficit with hyperactivity and those without other neurological alterations, with normal intelligence levels and authorization of the parents for inclusion in the investigation. The used instruments were: Peabody Development Motor Scales, Inattention and Hyperactivity Questionnaire and clinical interview to the teachers of the children Results: The results showed that most of the children present attention deficit with hyperactivity: combined subtype. All present delay in the development skill motor ability. The difficulties are specifically in the visual-motor coordination abilities and skills with hands. The most of the infants are described as half plateau in the pedagogic profile of the skill motor ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La creciente detección del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDA-H) en infantes tiene lugar en una sociedad que identifica su pensamiento y comportamiento con las reacciones químicas de su cerebro, por lo que encuentra la explicación a todos sus desórdenes en el malfuncionamiento de éste. La psicología social permite una versión alternativa acerca de este trastorno.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents, and has a great impact on the psychological development of affected patients. Even though its efficacy is proven, the use of medication for ADHD has several limitations, and non-pharmacological interventions are considered a necessary component of treatment. Methodology: This work is a review of evidence-based non-pharmacological treatments with demonstrated efficacy for ADHD in children and adolescents, analysed by age groups. Results: Non-pharmacological treatments that have shown scientific evidence of efficacy are psychological and psychoeducational interventions. Psychological interventions include behavioural therapy, parent training (PT) and social skills training. Psychoeducational interventions include a set of practices to improve learning that are carried out in the school setting. Scientific evidence of efficacy in preschool children is limited to PT, while different psychological and psychoeducational interventions have been shown to be beneficial in school-age children. The available evidence for non-pharmacological treatment in adolescence is so far insufficient. Conclusions: Though more randomized controlled trials are necessary for non-pharmacological interventions to become established practices, there are clear indications of their efficacy. For more severe cases of ADHD, a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents, and has a great impact on the psychological development of affected patients. Even though its efficacy is proven, the use of medication for ADHD has several limitations, and non-pharmacological interventions are considered a necessary component of treatment. Methodology: This work is a review of evidence-based non-pharmacological treatments with demonstrated efficacy for ADHD in children and adolescents, analyzed by age groups. Results: Non-pharmacological treatments that have shown scientific evidence of efficacy are psychological and psychoeducational interventions. Psychological interventions include behavioral therapy, parent training (PT) and social skills training. Psychoeducational interventions include a set of practices to improve learning and are carried out in the school setting. Scientific evidence of efficacy in preschool children is limited to PT, while different psychological and psychoeducational interventions have been shown to be beneficial in school-age children. The available evidence for non-pharmacological treatment in adolescence is so far insufficient. Conclusions: Though more randomized controlled trials are necessary for non-pharmacological interventions to become established practices, there are clear indications of their efficacy. For more severe cases of ADHD, a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotenone is a pesticide used in Mexico, despite the experimental evidence showing dopaminergic neurons degeneration induced by this compound, which may lead to a psychomotor impairment. However, the possible effects of rotenone on the offspring when they are indirectly exposed through their mothers are still unknown. In this study rotenone was administered to female rats during pregnancy and nursing, in order to assess its effects on the offspring's dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as on motor coordination at 30 or 60 postnatal days. Six groups of pregnant Wistar rats were used: an intact control group, a vehicle group injected with the rotenone solvent, and four groups injected subcutaneously with the following doses of rotenone: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 1 mg/kg/day. In a parallel experiment, the off-spring of other groups of dams treated with rotenone 1 mg/kg/day, or controls vehicle-treated, were used to evaluate motor coordination at 30 and 60 postnatal days. Rotenone treated dams showed a significant lower amount of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, but only with the 1 mg/kg dose. This effect was also observed in the offspring but at all doses of rotenone tested, either at 30 or 60 postnatal days. Furthermore, the offspring of rotenone exposed dams significantly increased the time in which they accomplished the motor coordination test, compared to the offspring of control dams. These data indicate that rotenone is able to damage the dopaminergic neurons of the offspring though their mothers. This effect requires lower rotenone doses than in adult rats. The reduced number of dopaminergic neurons at early stages of life enhances the risk of developing disorders related to the brains' dopaminergic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood onset. The disorder persists into adulthood in most cases, significantly affecting patient function. Although the first-line choice of treatment for ADHD is pharmacological, drug treatments are not always sufficient. All the published studies on the psychological treatment of ADHD were systematically reviewed for the present article. Method. The MEDLINE and PsychINFO electronic databases were searched using the terms psychological treatment OR psychotherapy OR psychosocial treatment AND ADHD. Patient age was restricted to adults (all adult:19+ years). Results. Eighteen published studies met inclusion criteria for the review. Fifteen efficacy studies of psychological treatment were selected (cognitive behavioral therapy, metacognitive therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, coaching, cognitive remediation) and three previous reviews. Conclusions. The results indicate that cognitive behavioral therapy is the most effective psychological treatment for ADHD symptoms in adults and the comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression, which have an important functional impact on the daily life of patients. However, more research is needed to know the differential effects of each psychological approach in relation to improved ADHD symptoms in adults. Finally, future directions for the psychosocial treatment of ADHD problems of adults are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Médico Sociales is the property of Colegio Medico de Chile (A.G.) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology is the property of Editorial of the University of Almeria (Spain) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A sample of 30 subjects, 10 with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 20 non-ADHD children, statistically controlled by age, gender, academic grades and normal full scale intelligence quotient, was selected. To measure cognitive inhibitory control, a math problem solving ability test containing four problems for each level with verbal and numerical irrelevant content was administered. ADHD children exhibited significantly inferior performance in choosing correct answers (p = 0.011) with a large effect size (d = 1.00) and a significantly superior number of irrelevant answers (p = 0.004) with a very large effect size. In conclusion ADHD children showed a cognitive inhibitory control disorder, measured by math problem solving ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The descriptive study focused on the differences among patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and controls, in relation to cognitive impulsivity and to find the best model based in Matching Familiar Figures Test 20 (MFFT-20) which permits to predict and to diagnose ADHD, analyzing the validity of the test for the diagnostic of the disease. Ex post facto study. We study 100 ADHD cases (DSM-IV criteria) and 100 controls, ranging between 7 and 11 years of age, analyzed with MFFT-20. Controls were randomly recruited and matched by age, gender and sociodemography area with cases. Cases show an average cognitive style significantly more impulsive (effect size d = 1.29) with a smaller sum of latencies (effect size d = .71) and a bigger sum of errors (effect size d= 2.20). The logistic regression model that best predicts ADHD in constituted by age and errors score of MFFT-20. The derived formula from the model shows a 80% of sensivity and a 80% of specificity for ADHD, regarding as gold standard the DSM-IV criteria. MFFT-20 test shows indicators of appropriate validity for diagnose in ADHD, contributing to increase the objectivity in his analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the design, validity, and reliability of a questionnaire to evaluate the limitations and restrictions of children with ADHD in Colombia. It examines the face validity and content validity based on internal consistency analysis and experts' judgments determined through Cronbach's alpha. It mentions the significance of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to identify the other impairments and the functioning of children with ADHD. The study suggests the need to continue developing reliability and validation processes of this questionnaire.

Objective. To assess, among Chilean students, the reliability and validity of three scales that measure attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-IV); the scale for evaluating attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (EDAH); and Spain's version of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (Spa-ADHD-IV). Methods. A study of the instruments was conducted with the tutors (n = 612) and teachers (n = 82) of a controlled sample of 640 children 6-11 years of age, who were students attending public schools (n = 228, 35.6% of total), subsidized schools (n = 200, 31.3%), or private schools (n = 212, 33.1%) in Antofagasta, Chile. The convergent validity of the ADHD rating instruments was determined using Stroop and Wechsler tests. Results. All three scales studied had satisfactory levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.88-0.97 for the scales; 0.76-0.97 for the items) and a factor structure that was theoretically-aligned for most of the assessment areas, although only the Spa-ADHD-IV with tutors and teachers and the ADHD-IV with teachers had comparative and relative fit indices greater than 0.90. Significant differences were found by age, gender, and type of evaluator (tutor or teacher). Conclusions. The ADHD-IV and Spa-ADHD-IV met all reliability and validity criteria; so both may be applied for screening and diagnosis in the Chilean population. The Spa-ADHD-IV scale offers the best psychometric properties based on its reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This investigation/intervention work sought to understand the organization of the experience and family coping in families dealing with a diagnostic impression of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from the narratives built by the system in a therapeutic context. The design understood four moments and twelve intervention scenarios. The results showed as the families they build narrative dominant of the boy's apparent symptoms from the distinctions, prejudices and beliefs, and they spread to evidence coalition between the child and the person in charge of the child and the guiltiness between parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syndrome known as Learning Disabilities (LD) was described by S. Kirk in 1963. From that point on, institutions from the US, Canada and Spain have engaged in refining the concept and classification of LDs. The Complutense University in Spain, has proposed a descriptive and all-embracing definition, and has studied the different manifestations of LD, pursuing the description of biological markers and neurological features of LD's main expressions: dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysorthographia, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder -ADHD, and so forth. Findings in LD using functional neuroimaging techniques, namely Magnetoencephalography (MEG), are described. MEG is a non-invasive technique, which records magnetic fields naturally generated by the brain and their spatial distribution. It allows simultaneous functional and structural information. MEG is therefore used in the study of primary and superior cognitive functions, in surveillance of patterns of normal cognitive function and those specific to the different LD clinical manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder clinically characterized by three core symptoms: deficits in attentional processes, failure in inhibitory control -usually expressed through behavioral and cognitive impulsiveness-, and motor and verbal restlessness. Deficit in attentional resources is the main alteration in patients with this disorder. Attention can be considered as a neurocognitive state of neural preparation that precedes both perception and action. Attention focalizes consciousness in order to filter the constant flux of sensorial information, solve competence between stimuli for parallel processing and recruit and activate cerebral regions necessary to accomplish appropriate responses. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a technique that has proven useful in the gathering of valuable information in the study of ADHD. One of the most studied ERPs is the P300 component. The most robust finding in the P300 research in ADHD is a decrease in the amplitude of the component in patients when compared to normal controls. This finding is usually interpreted as an evidence for a deficit in attention. ADHD usually presents commorbidity with several disorders; research shows that up to 87% of the children with ADHD present commorbidity with another disorder, up to 60% has either a behavioral or affective disorder commorbid with ADHD. Due to the wide range of disorders that are usually associated with this entity, it is useful in the research of commorbidity to use dimensional diagnostics, that is, a patient with ADHD may have commorbidity with an externalized disorder (EXT) (i.e. oppositionist defiant disorder); an internalized (INT) disorder (i.e. anxiety or affective disorder); or both an externalized and an internalized disorder (MIX). Commorbidity may have important implications in the electrophysiology of ADHD since no homogeneous results have been evident in the scarce research on the subject. Taking into account these considerations, the following experiment was designed in order to answer the question: Patients with the same main diagnostic, ADHD, but different commorbidities (INT and MIX) show different psychophysiological patterns of activation, as measured by ERPs to a continuous performance task? Sixteen patients diagnosed with ADHD by a specialist were recruited. Diagnosis was corroborated by a semi-structured interview, K-SADS-PL-MX, eight of them with an externalized comorbid (EXT) disorder, and eight of them with at least two comorbid disorders, one externalized an one internalized (MIX). A control group (CON) of eight normal subjects with no psychiatric diagnostic and matched by sex was also recruited. All subjects were between 13-16 years old with no history of Central Nervous System damage and normal IQ in the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children. Brain electrical activity was recorded in the 19 derivations of the 10-20 international system while subjects executed a continuous performance task (CPT). Comparisons of behavioral data between groups showed some significant differences. A one-way ANOVA found differences between groups in the mean reaction time to the first part of the CPT and in the number of false positives in the second part.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a review about the uses of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in psychiatry disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and aging. We searched more than 50 articles in MEDLINE, ProQuest and EBSCO databases from 1995 to 2005. 47 articles were selected and reported. The test was included in 61.7% of the studies related to assessment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 19.5% in psychiatry disorders, 10.63% in autism, and 8.51% in aging. 100% of the articles showed quantitative analyses, 12.77% exposed variations in the application of the test (number of cards or virtual sceneries applications). Our findings suggest the needed to complement the quantitative analyses with qualitative analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorder, which affects 5-9% of children. Control locus is a cerebral function involving the control of perception we have on our actions and its causality, and can influence the use of learning abilities and self-control. On the other hand, self-esteem represents the affective evaluation on our self-concept. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to describe the characteristics of control locus and self-esteem in children with ADHD, and to compare them with those found in a control group selected by age and sex. Methods. Thirty children (6-13 years old) diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated (neurological exam, psychological test, Conners scales and DSM-IV criteria). They all belonged to a high social-economical status and attended private schools located in the west side of Mexico City. Results. The Conners scales were not able to identify significant differences between cases and controls on anxiety, psychosomatic and perfectionism sub-scales; whereas the sub-scales related directly with ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, impulsiveness and lack of attention) coincided directly with the clinical diagnosis in every case. Conclusions. There was a significantly positive relationship between the external locus control and ADHD. This may represent a lack of perception on the causality of their actions. The general scales of self-esteem were not able to distinguish between the cases and control groups, although significant lower self-concept grades were found in the ADHD group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represents a frequent and highly comorbid disorder in children and adolescents. Comorbidity differs according to ADHD subtype and gender and has been reported to have a direct effect on the severity of ADHD. Method. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed to determine the patterns of ADHD comorbidity in 102 children, aged 6 to 12 years, who attend the outpatient services of a child psychiatric hospital in Mexico City. The evaluation was performed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results. The sample had about five comorbid disorders. The hyperactive-impulsive subtype had more severe externalizing symptoms, while the combined subtype had a higher severity of anxious depressive symptoms, delinquent behavior and internalized symptoms. Somatic complaints were more frequent in boys. A linear regression analysis showed that the severity of attention problems was influenced by the severity of aggressive behavior. Conclusions. School age children who came to psychiatric attention services with ADHD are highly comorbid. The comorbidity increases the severity of attention problems, particularly in patients with the hyperactive-impulsive or combined subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Psicologia is the property of Anuario de Psicologia de La Universidad de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition very common in the infantile population, ft characterizes for the inattention presence and impulsivity and can be presented with or without hyperactivity in diverse degrees; it affects the academic achievement from each 7 to 10 patients, with a frequent comorbility dysfunctional behavior like: the Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Learning Disabilities, Depression and Anxiety: behavioral consequences with an important impact on the family and social relationship. It is estimated that 5% of children and adolescents suffer this disorder. Children with ADD/ADHD suffer frecuently infantile abuse, rejection in .school and social isolation too. They will be exposed the characteristics; etiology and comorbility of the ADD/ADHD first: in second place the characteristics and causes of the infantile depression will be analyzed, and in third place the depression, low self-esteem, stress and anxiety in ADD/ADHD children wilt be correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]