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The article is based on Circulars, Regulations, General Training Program 2018 on the Vietnamese's objectives, content, and requirements in primary schools to present and clarify two forms of assessment of students’ abilities and qualities in Vietnamese including regular assessment and periodic assessment. From the analysis and affirmation: to confirm the progress of students, it is necessary to use the form of process assessment, also known as regular assessment. To confirm the student's learning results after a period, it is necessary to use a form of summative assessment, also known as periodical assessment. Through the assessment process, it helps teachers to assess the quality and assess the general capacity in Vietnamese integrated into the assessment of language ability, that is, to assess what students can do to solve the tasks in reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

Two new triterpenes recurvatanes A and B were isolated from Mussaenda recurvata using bioactive-guided investigation.

Objective We reviewed 50 infant cases with short bowel syndrome (SBS) to examine the treatment outcome of SBS management in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam. Material and Methods A case series was performed at the National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 50 cases with SBS were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory characteristics before and after treatment were collected. Results The most common cause of SBS was necrotizing enterocolitis. Common clinical symptoms included watery stools, dehydration, and malnutrition. After treatment, the patient's weight, albumin, and prothrombin improved markedly. There are 72% of children with good or fair treatment results. The rate of sepsis was high (18%). There was one case with complications of catheter infection and one case of liver failure. Three children died during treatment, one died from septic shock and multiple organ failure, and two died from respiratory failure. Conclusion This study showed promising treatment outcomes in pediatrics.

Entering the 21st century, due to the rapid development of society, continuous and unpredictable changes, the role of education has received more attention and investment attention from countries than ever before to prepare the young generation to face and stand up to the challenges of life. Changing, renovating, improving programs, and even reforming education have been carried out by many countries. In 2018, Vietnam's general education program was rebuilt after more than 12 years of implementing the old program (in 2006), including Philology. To meet the new requirements of the general education program, pedagogical students and teachers of Philology in Vietnam need to be trained and fostered to acquire the following competencies: reading comprehension and text creation, teaching reading comprehension and text creation, testing and assessing the results of studying Philology.

In response to the requirements of general education reform, University of Education, Thai Nguyen University must simultaneously perform two tasks of improving the quality of training and developing scientific research activities and technology transfer. Therefore, many tasks for the teaching staff are studying and fostering to improve their professional qualifications, informatics, foreign languages, investing in research, compiling programs, textbooks, and learning materials. In the renewal of training objectives from providing knowledge as the main thing to promoting the capacity and qualities of students, scientific and technological activities play an important role. Students experience through scientific research activities to practice their thinking methods and practical problem-solving skills. At the same time, scientific products will enhance the reputation of the university. In fact, the university's scientific research and technology transfer activities have prospered, but have not been really synchronous and effective.

Enhancing the digital competence of teachers is not only an urgent issue to help students live in a safe and effective digital environment, but also a key to improving the quality of education, bridging the gap in education and leaving no student behind. However, the development of this competence for English language teachers in the northern mountainous area of Vietnam still faces many difficulties. The article presents research results on digital competence: the concept, importance, and framework of teachers' digital competence and proposes some measures to develop digital competence for Philology teachers in the northern mountainous area of Vietnam.

In recent years, Vietnam’s anti-corruption work has been promoted, and ample cases have been resolved in order to strengthen the people’s confidence in the leadership of the Party and the State.It is vital to refer to the experience of anti-corruption, building, and perfectingthe rule of law of countries worldwide.In particular, Singapore is considered typical and close model of the model of building an incorruptible state in the current context.The article clarifies Singapore’s main solutions in anti-corruption work, building an incorruptible state, thereby helping Singapore to achieve great achievements in anti-corruption work, making a significant contribution to the development of the country and this is a model for many countries to absorb, including Vietnam.

This study demonstrates that the KLEWS teaching technique is effective in developing students’ creative abilities in STEM education with the subject of Optics. The KLEWS chart allows students to practice logical and argumentative thinking based on scientific information and evidence. Furthermore, teaching according to KLEWS chart stimulates students’ curiosity, imagination, creativity, and desire to learn more about science. The mixed methods research was carried out on 161 eleventh grade students in Vietnam (including 80 students in the control group and 81 students in the experimental group). The research evaluates students’ creative abilities by observing students’ creative expression in normal STEM’s topics without KLEWS chart in each group. Then, for the experimental group, organize teaching STEM topics using the KLEWS chart, and for the control group, organize teaching the topics of normal STEM. The results showed that the experimental group reached a high level of creativity (7.77/10 points), while the control group had a medium level of creativity (4.81/10 points). In addition, the research found that students were excited and active in STEM activities; applied the KLEWS chart to explore knowledge of STEM topics; confidently made a presentation and had the ability to use the keywords and scientific terms listed in the KLEWS chart and link them together. The findings of this study will help to clarify the effectiveness of developing students’ creative capacity in STEM education using the KLEWS chart

The development of efficient and sustainable electrochemical systems able to provide clean-energy fuels and chemicals is one of the main current challenges of materials science and engineering. Over the last decades, significant advances have been made in the development of robust electrocatalysts for different reactions, with fundamental insights from both computational and experimental work. Some of the most promising systems in the literature are based on expensive and scarce platinum-group metals; however, natural enzymes show the highest per-site catalytic activities, while their active sites are based exclusively on earth-abundant metals. Additionally, natural biomass provides a valuable feedstock for producing advanced carbonaceous materials with porous hierarchical structures. Utilizing resources and design inspiration from nature can help create more sustainable and cost-effective strategies for manufacturing cost-effective, sustainable, and robust electrochemical materials and devices. This review spans from materials to device engineering; we initially discuss the design of carbon-based materials with bioinspired features (such as enzyme active sites), the utilization of biomass resources to construct tailored carbon materials, and their activity in aqueous electrocatalysis for water splitting, oxygen reduction, and CO

In Viet Nam, climate change is becoming more and more obvious, causing many difficulties for people's livelihood, especially for ethnic minorities, who still have limitations in terms of education and responding skills and therefore they have very few livelihood options. The Co Tu people are ethnic minorities living mainly in the mountainous communes of Hoa Vang district, Da Nang City, Viet Nam. The consequences of climate change directly affect the physical and spiritual life of the local inhabitants. The objective of this study is to assess the livelihood vulnerability to climate change for the Co Tu ethnic group in Hoa Vang district, Da Nang City based on the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). This empirical research has implemented the framework for Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change proposed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results of the study show that the livelihood vulnerability of the Co Tu ethnic group in Da Nang is relatively low, in the Co Tu people in Phu Tuc village have a livelihood vulnerability lower than the Ta Lang and Gian Bi villages. However, some aspects need to be improved such as social network, health, food, and household living conditions. This research contributes to raising awareness against climate change and environmental protection; at the same time, it helps management agencies to have appropriate policies to ensure synchronous development and improve all aspects of the community's life.

Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method from the silicon dioxide (SiO2) precursor prepared from rice husk ash. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were decorated on ZSM-5 substrate by a sol-gel method. ZSM-5/TiO2 materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. ZSM-5 was successfully synthesized in crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 3-5 mm. TiO2 nanoparticles with the size of 3-5 nm were distributed on the surface of ZSM-5. ZSM-5/TiO2 materials were used as a photocatalyst to remove alpha – cypermethrin, a kind of the pesticide residues. The results showed that the removal efficiency was 90% with the initial concentration of alpha - cypermethrin of 160 mg L-1. ZSM-5/TiO2 would be a very potential material for using as a photocatalyst for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants.

We have known that plant defensins have the main roles in biotic stress, especially antifungal activities. In addition, their functions on abiotic stress tolerance have been demonstrated on previous studies, but that information was still limited. Ca-AFP, a plant defensin gene derived from chickpea, was transformed into tobacco leaf disks by Agrobacterium method. After 16 weeks on selection media containing 15 mg/L hygromycin, some regeneration shoot lines were obtained. Four of them showed the positive bands on hpt gene and Ca-AFP gene by PCR screening. These lines were applied on in vitro evaluation of dehydration tolerance using rotary liquid culture, and the water-deficit stress was caused by 2% (w/v) PEG 6000. These four transgenic lines had better growth of adventitious roots (number of adventitious roots, total adventitious root length, and average of root length) and higher rate of biomass increase than the non-transgenic line. The result illustrated that the expression of Ca-AFP gene could mitigate the negative effect of water-deficit stress on transgenic tobacco lines under the in vitro stress condition. These transgenic tobacco lines are potential for water-deficit stress trials on greenhouse in the future.

Project-based learning is a student-centered approach to learning that emphasizes hands-on experiences, collaboration, and real-world problem-solving. The process of evaluating students' learning outcomes in a learning project, however, faces numerous challenges. This study investigates the potential of mobile e-portfolios on the Google Sites platform as a means of enhancing project-based learning in the field of physics education. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The data collected from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using a t-test to determine the significance of the difference in the mean scores between the experimental group and the control group. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify patterns and trends in student feedback. The results show that the use of mobile e-portfolios on the Google Sites platform significantly enhanced student interest and learning outcomes. After the pedagogical experiment, the experimental group's test scores (7.92) were higher than the control group's (5.22). According to the findings of the survey questionnaire given to the experimental group, the majority of students indicated that using mobile e-portfolios boosted their involvement and motivation to learning, as well as their ability to plan and present their project work. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that mobile e-portfolios on Google Sites can be an effective tool for enhancing project-based learning.

In this study, heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and tin oxide nanowires (SnO2) were investigated to determine their electrical performance for gas sensing applications. The I–V characteristics of the heterojunction were measured in air and H2S gas. The electrical parameters such as barrier height ϕB, ideality factor n, series resistance Rs, and reverse saturation current Io were extracted from the I-V plots. In H2S gas, the barrier height ϕB and series resistance Rs are lower compared to air, whereas the ideality factor n and saturation current Io are higher. These findings are essential for promoting technologies aimed at forming high-quality heterojunctions for gas sensing applications.

Learner autonomy has long been a matter of great interest in the world of EFL pedagogy and practice. It is one of the qualities that teachers want to cultivate as they know that developing this core value is synonymous with training an independent, confident, and effective learner. There have been numerous studies on this subject in the educational setting; however, those conducted to examine learners’ ability to self-control their learning in the online context are still far from sufficient. This research was conducted with the exploratory survey to examine learner autonomy in EFL classes in Vietnam, where e-learning has recently been made mandatory due to the Covid 19 pandemic. It involved the total participation of 20 teachers and 100 students randomly selected from five Vietnamese tertiary institutions. Results showed a good understanding of the course instructors about the importance of learner autonomy in the online courses and the need to promote it. The students, however, were not well aware of their self-regulated learning tasks. From the study results, we could realize some problems regarding the students’ behavior in the virtual learning environment and differences in teachers’ and students’ perceptions of this notion. The research findings also supported the researcher in making recommendations to motivate self-controlled learners.