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In this paper, to determine the main knowledge streams of technological learning in joint R&D (JRD) projects in petroleum industry, the co- word analysis method is used. The knowledge map is drawn by reviewing 388 papers published in the study area from 2000 to 2021 in Scopus and Sage databases using VOSviewer1.6.16 software. Accordingly, by reviewing the existing knowledge, the two main concepts of knowledge management and technological innovation are identified. Then, using text mining method and drawing a concept knowledge map, 8 clusters are extracted and their relationships are analyzed using Netdraw software. Finally, the study period from 2000 to 2021 is divided into three main categories: organizational - communication characteristics, economic goals and concepts of innovation, and shown the most focus in recent years is in the field of innovation concepts.

Background: There are glaring racial and rural-urban inequities in stroke outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether there were recent changes to trends in racial inequities in stroke treatment and in-hospital mortality, and whether racial inequities differed across rural strata. Methods: Retrospective analysis of Black and White patients >18 years old admitted to US acute care hospitals with a primary discharge diagnosis of stroke (unweighted N=652 836) from the National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2017. Rural residence was classified by county as urban, town, or rural. The primary outcomes were intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy use among patients with acute ischemic stroke, and in-hospital mortality for all stroke patients. Logistic regression models were run for each outcome adjusting for age, comorbidities, primary payer, and ZIP code median income. Results: The sample was 53% female, 81% White, and 19% Black. Black patients from rural areas had the lowest odds of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.37–0.50]) and endovascular therapy (aOR, 0.60 [0.46–0.78]), compared with White urban patients. Black rural patients were the least likely to be discharged home after a stroke compared with White/urban patients (aOR, 0.79 [0.75–0.83]), this was true for Black patients across the urban-rural spectrum when compared with Whites. Black patients from urban areas had lower mortality than White patients from urban areas (aOR, 0.87 [0.84–0.91]), while White patients from rural areas (aOR, 1.14 [1.10–1.19]) had the highest mortality of all groups. Conclusions: Black patients living in rural areas represent a particularly high-risk group for poor access to advanced stroke care and impaired poststroke functional status. Rural White patients have the highest in-hospital mortality. Clinical and policy interventions are needed to improve access and reduce inequities in stroke care and outcomes.

Non-healing plantar weight-bearing heel ulcers are a challenging problem to treat. Free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction of the heel is an opportunity for limb salvage to preserve gait and ambulation. The aim of this study is to describe surgical and functional outcomes in patients who underwent FTT to treat chronic heel ulcers.A retrospective review of patients who underwent FTT for plantar heel ulcers from 2011 to 2021 was conducted. Patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative data, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes were recorded. Primary outcomes included flap success, complications, postoperative ambulation, patient-reported outcome measures and limb salvage, with patients stratified into limb salvage or eventual amputation groups.Forty-four patients underwent 45 heel reconstructions. Average age and BMI were 57.3 years and 30.1 kg/mFTT is an effective alternative to amputation in patients with chronic heel ulcers. Proper patient selection, preoperative optimization, and postoperative care are imperative to the success of this limb salvage procedure.

In this work, ETS-10 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effect of synthesis parameters of ETS-10 on purity and characterization was studied by One At a Time (OFAT) approach. According to this approach, in each test, one synthesis parameter was changed while the other parameters were kept constant. All samples were identified by PXRD and the purest sample was characterized by SEM, EDX, BET, and TGA/DTA. To evaluate the CO2 capture abilities of the synthesized purest sample, CO2 adsorption isotherm at 298 K was obtained by the constant-volume adsorption method. The isotherm models Dual-site Langmuir, Toth, and UNILAN were used to fit the obtained isotherm data. The results showed that with gel pH = 11.3, crystallization temperature 230°C, and crystallization time 72 h, the ETS-10 with the highest purity was achieved. Also, it was observed that there is an important interaction between the potassium source with other synthesis parameters. The adsorption results showed that the CO2 adsorption capacity of the pure ETS-10 was 3.37 mmol/g. It was observed that the Dual-site Langmuir model was fitted better the CO2 adsorption data at 298 K compared to Toth and UNILAN models. The adsorption kinetics showed that about 90% of the equilibrium adsorption was reached within 25s which demonstrates a remarkable fast kinetics.

Background and Objectives: Sleep duration is a key marker of ideal cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association’s new Life’s Essential 8 construct, but studies on its relation to stroke are scarce. We assessed the association between sleep duration and mortality among self-reported stroke survivors in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Methods: Cross-sectional data (2005–2014) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database in patients aged >=18 with a self-reported history of stroke (n=1,045) were linked to the 2015 National Death Index to determine the association between nightly sleep duration and mortality. Relationships between sleep duration (short: 8 hours) and demographic characteristics were assessed. Relationships between sleep duration and mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular causes) were evaluated adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, with multivariable Cox regressions. Results: Among stroke survivors, prevalence of short sleep duration increased with younger age while prevalence of long sleep duration increased with older age (p Conclusion: There is no independent association between sleep duration and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality after stroke.

Background and Purpose: Inappropriate sleep duration (8 hours/night) is associated with cardiovascular events. Given its importance, the new American Heart Association Life’s Essential 8 construct of ideal cardiovascular health includes sleep duration. Yet, studies of sleep duration in relation to stroke are scarce. Our objective was to compare sleep duration among individuals with and without prior stroke in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database (2005-2018), individuals >=18 years were identified (n=37,987 without self-reported stroke; n=1,572 with self-reported stroke). Prevalence of normal sleep duration (7-8 hours/night) was compared between persons with and without self-reported history of stroke using the Rao-Scott χ; 2 test. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between prior stroke and abnormal sleep before and after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Results: Compared to individuals without prior stroke, prevalence of normal sleep duration was lower in individuals with prior stroke (18-44 years: 32% vs 54%; 45-64 years: 47% vs 55%; >=65 years: 45% vs 54%). Factors associated with >8 hours/night sleep included female sex, older age, non-White race, lower education, poverty, and obesity. Factors associated with 8 hours/night (unadjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.64-2.51) and Conclusion: Stroke survivors in the United States are more likely to have abnormal sleep duration compared to those without a prior stroke. Future research should explore the causal links between stroke by type and duration of sleep.

Rationale: Sleep duration has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. Cognitive impairments are frequent complications of stroke, particularly among elderly stroke survivors; However, there is a dearth of information on the link between sleep duration and cognitive impairment among stroke survivors. The current analysis aims at filling this gap. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 to examine the association between sleep duration and cognitive impairment among elderly (60 years and above) stroke survivors. Sleep duration was divided into short (8 hours). We applied linear regression models to compare mean scores of pre-specified cognitive test scores, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease total score (CERAD total); CERAD: Score Trial 1 Recall; CERAD: Score Trial 2 Recall; CERAD: Score Trial 3 Recall; CERAD: Score Delayed Recall; Animal Fluency: Score Total, and Digit Symbol Score across sleep duration, accounting for complex survey design, including weighting, clustering and stratification, and adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, BMI, diabetes and hypertension. Results: Out of a total of 240 (unweighted) stroke participants, 58% were women. Stroke survivors with short sleep duration were more likely to be non-white compared to those with normal sleep duration (p-value Conclusion: In this retrospective analysis of elderly stroke survivors, long sleep duration (vs normal and short) were independently associated with poor cognitive scores. There was no association between short sleep duration and cognitive scores

Background and Rationale: Sleep disorders are associated with increased mortality among stroke survivors. Although minority groups are disproportionally affected by stroke, it remains unclear if there are race/ethnic differences in association between sleep disorders and mortality among stroke survivors. Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2014, we examined the association between sleep disorder (doctor’s diagnosis as well as positive answer to question “ever told doctor you have trouble sleeping) and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality stratified by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, other race/ethnicity) in adult patients (≥18 years) with a self-reported history of stroke. The first model was adjusted for sociodemographic variables (age, sex, level of education, and income). The second model further adjusted for clinical variables (body mass index and history of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer). Results: Out of total of 1045 stroke survivors, 443 (42.4%) had sleep disorders, including 44.3% (Standard error-SE: 2.8%) of non-Hispanic White individuals, 43.6% (SE: 3.6%) of Black individuals, 41.6% (SE: 3.5%) of Mexican Americans, 46.6% (SE: 8.6%) of other Hispanic individuals, and 47.6% (SE: 7.4%) of other races. There were no significant relationships between race/ethnicity and the presence of sleep disorders in any of the models. Overall, the presence of sleep disorders was associated with higher all-cause mortality in model 1 (Hazard Ratio, HR: 1.69, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.11-2.43) and model 2 (HR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.13-2.59). There were no significant associations between sleep disorders and cardiovascular mortality. There were no significant interactions between race/ethnicity and outcomes (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality). Conclusion: In this nationally representative sample of stroke survivors, nearly half had a history of sleep disorder. Sleep disorders were independently associated with all-cause mortality, but there were no race/ethnic differences in prevalence or outcomes.

Aromatic hydrocarbons are essential compounds, that the presence of which in fuels can improve the octane number. The conversion of the light alkanes to high value aromatics is vital from theoretical and industrial standpoints. Zeolites such as ZSM-5 play an essential role in the aromatization of light alkanes. This paper highlights the mechanism of aromatization of light alkanes such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, and its isomers. Furthermore, effective factors on the aromatization of light alkanes including metal type, crystallinity, acidity, space velocity, pretreatment of zeolites, co-feeding of light hydrocarbon, and operating factors such as temperature have been investigated to determine how a system of zeolite with metals can be useful to reach aromatization with high conversion.

Hierarchically porous zeolites with different porosity levels have attracted much attention because of their well-defined pore system, improved mass transfer and, higher catalytic performance. In the present work, mesoporosity was introduced into silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) zeolite by the hydrothermal method using tetraethylammonium hydroxide and morpholine as structural directing agents and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a cost-effective mesopore soft template with a wide range of molecular weights (MWs) and molar ratios. The selected catalysts were characterized by techniques of XRD, BET, FESEM, and NH3-TPD and, the catalytic performance of all hierarchical porous SAPO-34 samples in the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at 425 °C and methanol weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 2.3 h−1 using a 20% methanol in water as a feed stream. Furthermore, the influences of mesoporosity were studied carefully to improve the catalytic performance of samples. The results showed that the tuned mesopores formed within the catalyst structure has a direct relation with the molecular weight of PEG, and it truly affects the diffusion pathways and acidity of the prepared samples. It was found that the stability and catalytic performance of hierarchical SAPO-34 samples improved in MTO reaction. SAPO-34 synthesized by PEG4000 using a molar ratio of 0.01 demonstrated 10% improvement in total light olefins selectivity (90.6%) with the highest selectivity to propylene (42%) and total butylene (12.7%), whereas its selectivity to C1–C4 alkanes (3.9%) and heavy hydrocarbons (2.5%) are relatively lower compared to the parent and other modified catalysts.