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Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Diagnosing hypersensitivity reactions that develop as a result of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with a history is mostly misleading, and skin tests and/or provocation tests are needed for a definitive diagnosis. Objective: To determine the frequency of actual NSAID hypersensitivity and whether there are any parameters in the history to predict NSAID hypersensitivity. In addition, to determine safe alternative drugs for children who are diagnosed with actual NSAID hypersensitivity. Methods: Children with a history of NSAID hypersensitivity were evaluated by an allergist. Safe alternatives in children with a confirmed NSAID hypersensitivity were found by oral provocation tests. Results: Sixty-four patients who were admitted with a suspicion of immediate-type reaction to NSAIDs were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 6 years old (range, 1-17 years), and 37 of the patients (57.8%) were boys. We performed skin tests for suspected NSAID in 35 patients (54.7%). Of these, two had positive results. Provocation tests were performed with 62 patients whose skin test results were negative or for whom skin tests were not available. During the provocation tests, 16 patients (25.8%) developed reactions. Low- and high-dose acetaminophen, nimesulide, and tolmetin sodium were used to find safe alternative drugs. Two patients developed reactions to high-dose acetaminophen but no reaction to nimesulide and tolmetin sodium. When statistically significant parameters were analyzed in a logistic regression model, the presence of multiple NSAIDs hypersensitivity in the patient history (odds ratio 26.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.47-481.63]; p = 0.026) and the emergence of a reaction within an hour (odds ratio 26.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.73-403.11]; p = 0.019) were found as the independent factors to predicted actual NSAID hypersensitivity. Conclusion: The emergence of a reaction within an hour of taking the drug and the presence of multiple NSAIDs hypersensitivity history increased the possibility of actual NSAID hypersensitivity. Nimesulide, low-dose acetaminophen, and tolmetin sodium could be used as safe alternative drugs in patients with multiple NSAIDs hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/aim: To determine the hematologic manifestations at the time of diagnosis of celiac disease in children and the effects of a gluten-free diet on hematologic signs upon follow-up. Materials and methods: The records of patients with celiac disease who received a follow up examination at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic between June 2006 and June 2013 were retrospectively examined. Results: Ninety-one patients were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.1 ± 4.21 years and 59 patients (64.8%) were female. Thirty-two patients (35.2%) had hematologic signs at the time of diagnosis. Anemia (24.2%) was the most common hematologic sign, followed by thrombocytosis (16.5%) and leukopenia (4.4%). The tTG IgA titers were screened in 80 of the 91 patients during diagnosis. Follow-up examinations found that remission for anemia (P = 0.017), thrombocytosis (P = 0.039), and decreases in tTG IgA titers (P = 0.034) were more prominent in patients who had followed a strict gluten-free diet. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of the celiac disease patients had hematologic manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Remission in hematologic signs and decrease in tTG IgA titers were more prominent in patients who had adhered to a gluten-free diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Several previous studies have assessed immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels in children with recurrent wheezing. We aimed to determine whether a relationship exists between hypogammaglobulinemia and severity and frequency of wheeze in preschool children with recurrent wheeze. Materials and Methods: Our study population was children aged 6 months to 5 years who we were monitoring for recurrent wheeze in our clinics. We divided these children into two groups; those who have frequent and severe attacks (group one, n= 86), and those who have rare and mild attacks (group two, n= 67). We also established a control group consisting of healthy children of the same age (group three, n= 75). We assessed serum immunoglobulin levels, peripheral blood eosinophil count and performed a skin-prick test. Results: There was no difference between groups in terms of median age, wheezing phenotype, comorbid atopic disease, parental asthma history, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and hypogammaglobulinemia (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between being male (p< 0.001), having the first attack of wheezing at an earlier age (p< 0.001), and having frequent and severe wheezing. When we compared the three groups, we found no difference between the mean serum IgA level (p= 0.469), serum IgG level (p= 0.211), and serum IgM level (p= 0.831). We found hypogammaglobulinemia in three patients (3.5%) in group one, in two patients (3%) in group two, and in four patients (5.3%) in group three; we found no statistically significant difference between groups (p= 0.744). Conclusion: The serum immunglobulin levels of preschool children with frequent and severe wheezing attacks are similar to those of healthy preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the allergic reactions against to cephalosporin which is one of the beta-lactam antibiotics, increases due to use of the increasing this drugs. The diagnosis of beta-lactam allergy is difficult but is helped by skin testing. IgE-dependent beta-lactam allergy is first assessed by skin tests-prick tests and then, if negative, intradermal tests. Systemic reactions can be seen rarely during the skin test with these drugs. Except for a few adult patients there are no publications on anaphylaxis developed during the skin tests with ceftriax one in pediatric patients up till now. In our case, four year old male patient was diagnosed as otitis media in another clinic and intramuscular ceftriaxone was prescribed. Flushing on the face and ears, urticaria, generalized pruritus and intractable cough were observed 15 minutes after intramuscular ceftriaxone. The patient was diagnosed as anaphylaxis and consulted to our allergy clinic for verification of the diagnosis. The skin tests with ceftriaxone and penicillin were planned to be performed six weeks after the reaction. Five minutes after the intradermal test with ceftriaxone, flushing on the face and ears, conjunctivitis, running nose, urticaria, generalized pruritus and intractable cough were observed. Patient was diagnosed as anaphylaxis and intramuscular adrenaline and antihistamine were performed. Our objective for reporting this case is to emphasize the need to become prepared for systemic reactions (anaphylaxis) likely to develop during the skin tests with ceftriaxone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The diagnostic gold standard of food allergy is the oral food challenge. Oral food challenge may induce allergic reactions, ranging from mild cutaneous symptoms to severe, potentially life-threatening reaction. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and severity of reactions during oral food challenge. Materials and Methods: A retrospective charts review of children undergoing oral food challenge at the our Allergy Clinic between September 2012 and September 2013 was performed. Results: A total of 63 oral food challenges were included the study. Most frequently involved foods were cow's milk, pistachio nut and egg. Oral food challenge were carried out to confirm the diagnosis in 50 (79.4%) patients and were carried out to demonstrate the development of food tolerance in 13 (20.6%). 13/63 (20.6%) were positive. Twelve patients were defined mild reactions and one patient was anaphylaxis. There were no significant differences between the oral food challenge negative group and oral food challenge positive group in terms of sex, age at the time of oral food challenge, concomitant atopic disease, history of IgE mediated food allergy, peripheral eosinophils per cent, serum specific gE and total IgE (p> 0.05). But there was a positive correlation between the size of skin prick test and oral food challenge positivity (rho: 0.307, p= 0.019). Conclusion: The majority of reactions during oral food challenge were mild. The size of skin prick test was the risk factor for the development of reaction during oral food challenge. Therefore, oral food challenge should be done by the experts and size of skin prick test should be taken into consideration before oral food challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ataxia-telangiectasia is rare, an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, cutaneous and conjunctival telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and increased risk of malignancy. In this study, we aim to determinate demographics, neurological, dermatological and immunological manifestation of children diagnosed with ataxia-telangiectasia in our clinics. Materials and Methods: We did a retrospective medical chart review of pediatric allergy and immunology database for children diagnosed with ataxia-telangiectasia in Inonu and Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine between 2006 and 2013. Results: Ataxia-telangiectasia was diagnosed in 25 patients. The mean age was 10.08 ± 4.14 (died children were included) and 16 (64%) of the patients were male. The mean follow up period was 5.32 ± 3.84 years. Ataxia was the first sign of disease which was noticed by the parents and median diagnosis age was 4 years old (min: 1.5, max: 12). Neurological and dermatological manifestations were seen in all patients. Also immunological manifestations were seen in 85% of all patients. The most frequent neurologic sign was ataxia and present in all patients, followed by dysmetria (96%), dysarthria (92%), bradykinesia (80%) and ocular apraxy (60%), respectively. Telangiectasia was present in all patients and the most frequent localization was conjunctiva. Pigmentary anomalies were present in 17 (68%) patients, molluscum contagiosum in 2 (8%) patients and verruca in 1 (4%) patient. The most frequent form of immunologic deficiency was IgA deficiency (80%) which was followed by Ig G deficiency (60%) and lymphopenia (12%). Growth failure was present in 96% of patients and head circumference was under -1SD in 56% of patients. In follow up, 5 (20%) patients had experienced recurrent otitis media, 18 (%72) patients had experienced recurrent pulmonary infection. Bronchiectasis was developed in 7 (28%) patients and hemophagocytic sendrome was developed in one patient. Seven patients died (three due to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two due to pulmonary infection, one due to hemophagocytic sendrome and one due to acute lymphoblastic leukemia). Conclusion: Ataxia and telenjiectasia were the most frequent signs of the disease and followed by immunological and pigmentary anomalies. Therefore, ataxia telenjiectasia should be consider in diagnosis if the patients who have dermatological signs such as telangiectasia and pigmentary anomalies and growth failure with ataxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center is the property of Annals of Medical Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Cow's milk allergy is the most common form within the food allergy its prevalence increased recent years in children. In this study, we aim to determine the primary care physician's knowledge about diagnosis of cow's milk allergy, treatment and adrenaline auto injector usage. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-six voluntary primary care physicians who are working in Malatya city were included in the study. Interview with each participant were carried out and cow's milk allergy form which was prepared previously was filled in. Results: The median age was 42 (26-62), median length of professional experience was 16 (2-39) years and 89 (70.6%) of participant were male gender. The mean examined patient number by primary care physicians was 37.4 (± 14.6) for each day and the mean examined patient number whose age was under 3 years was 8.5 (± 4.5). Of the 25.4 percent of primary care physicians did not have knowledge about skin prick test, serum specific Ig E level and/or oral challenge test for diagnosis of cow's milk allergy. Although 73% of participant knew the elimination milk and dietary product from infant who was considered to have allergy to cow's milk and mother, only 13.5% of them knew the prescribe hypoallergenic formula for infant with cow's milk allergy. 64.3% of participant knew the prescribe the adrenaline auto injector in case of anaphylaxis due to cow's milk. Knowledge of adrenaline auto injector use, appropriate side for injection and dose were 34%, 34.1% and 30.2%, respectively. There was no significant effect of primary care physicians's age and length of professional experiences on the knowledge of cow's milk allergy and adrenaline autoinjector usage. Conclusion: The knowledge of primary care physician about diagnosis of cow's milk allergy, treatment and adrenaline auto injector usage are insufficient. Therefore it should be useful to training programs about these topics for primary care physician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cow's milk allergy is the most common form within the food allergy its prevalence increased recent years in children. In this study, we aim to determine the primary care physician's knowledge about diagnosis of cow's milk allergy, treatment and adrenaline auto injector usage. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-six voluntary primary care physicians who are working in Malatya city were included in the study. Interview with each participant were carried out and cow's milk allergy form which was prepared previously was filled in. Results: The median age was 42 (26-62), median length of professional experience was 16 (2-39) years and 89 (70.6%) of participant were male gender. The mean examined patient number by primary care physicians was 37.4 (± 14.6) for each day and the mean examined patient number whose age was under 3 years was 8.5 (± 4.5). Of the 25.4 percent of primary care physicians did not have knowledge about skin prick test, serum specific Ig E level and/or oral challenge test for diagnosis of cow's milk allergy. Although 73% of participant knew the elimination milk and dietary product from infant who was considered to have allergy to cow's milk and mother, only 13.5% of them knew the prescribe hypoallergenic formula for infant with cow's milk allergy. 64.3% of participant knew the prescribe the adrenaline auto injector in case of anaphylaxis due to cow's milk. Knowledge of adrenaline auto injector use, appropriate side for injection and dose were 34%, 34.1% and 30.2%, respectively. There was no significant effect of primary care physicians's age and length of professional experiences on the knowledge of cow's milk allergy and adrenaline autoinjector usage. Conclusion: The knowledge of primary care physician about diagnosis of cow's milk allergy, treatment and adrenaline auto injector usage are insufficient. Therefore it should be useful to training programs about these topics for primary care physician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food allergies are often seen in infancy and usually show the clinical signs in the form of type I hypersensitivity reaction. However, a combination of food allergies can sometimes be found in the same patient. In this report, we present an 11-month-old infant who had a combination of anaphylaxis and eosinophilic esophagitis induced by cow's milk. Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is done by examination of esophageal biopsy material histologically. This is a very rare combination of food allergy. Improvement in clinical and histological findings of eosinophilic esophagitis was achieved by removal of cow's milk and dairy products from the infant's diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Training programs performed by allergists have increased the ability of patients' recognition and man-agement of anaphylaxis. We aim to investigate the perma-nence of effect of an anaphylaxis training program and to determine the factors affecting it beyond training given by allergists. Methods: Children and/or their caregivers who had been prescribed an adrenaline autoinjector at least 1 year before were Invited to take part in the study. The knowl-edge about anaphylaxis was assessed using a questionnaire and the skills were practically tested. Results: Sixty-four (50 caregivers/14 children >12 years of age) of 80 patients who accepted the invitation were included In the study. Fifty-nine patients obtained the autoinjector after initial prescription. Among them, 42 (71%) still had the device at the time of the study. The most common reason for not having the autoin-jector was no longer feeling it was necessary (54.6%). Of the cases, 39.4% were competent in autoinjector use. There was a significant relation between adrenaline autoinjector com-petency and regular allergy visits (p = 0.010), believing that it is necessary (p = 0.04), having an adrenaline autoinjector (p = 0.003), and previous history of severe anaphylaxis (p = 0.010). Autoinjector competency score decreased as time elapsed from the last visit (rho = -0.382; p = 0.002) and the first instruction (rho = -0.317; p = 0.01). Regular visits (p = 0.009) and history of severe anaphylaxis (p = 0.007) were found as independentfactors having an effect on adrenaline autoinjector competency. Conclusions:Training of patients/ caregivers by allergists does not guarantee the permanence of acquired skills on anaphylaxis in the long run. Regular fol-low-up visits should be fostered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recurrent wheezing episodes are seen frequently and in the first three years, one out of three children has a wheezing episode. In this study, we aim to designate wheezing phenotypes, differences in their demographic features and clinical progressions. Materials and Methods: The medical charts of 385 patients who were diagnosed as wheezy child in Pediatric Allergy Department of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, were reviewed retrospectively. The present complaints of these patients, anti-inflammatory treatments given to them and knowledge about their wheezing phenotypes were learned. Results: Two hundred ninety four (76.4%) of the wheezy children were diagnosed as episodic wheezing, 91 (23.6%) of them were classified as multi-trigger wheezing. The follow-up period was 20.28 ± 3.79 on average. When the demographic features and clinical progressions of the two phenotypes were compared, the multi-trigger wheezing group were older than the episodic wheezing group on admission (p< 0.001). In the group of multi-trigger wheezing, peripheral eosinophilia (p= 0.04), frequency of wheezing attacks in past year (p= 0.003), wheezing attacks requiring systemic steroids (p= 0.02), to be begun on anti-inflammatory treatment at the time of diagnosis (p< 0.001), the preference of inhaled steroids more than LTRAs (p< 0.001), the continuation of symptoms at the end of follow up period (p= 0.01) and the use of anti-inflammatory treatment (p< 0.001) were more common than in the episodic wheezing group. Furthermore, transition between phenotypes were more frequent in the multi-trigger group (p= 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the attacks in multi-trigger wheezing group are more frequent and severe and is accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia more commonly than the episodic wheezing group. The transition between phenotypes are frequent in multi-trigger wheezers in follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recurrent wheezing episodes are seen frequently and in the first three years, one out of three children has a wheezing episode. In this study, we aim to designate wheezing phenotypes, differences in their demographic features and clinical progressions. Materials and Methods: The medical charts of 385 patients who were diagnosed as wheezy child in Pediatric Allergy Department of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, were reviewed retrospectively. The present complaints of these patients, anti-inflammatory treatments given to them and knowledge about their wheezing phenotypes were learned. Results: Two hundred ninety four (76.4%) of the wheezy children were diagnosed as episodic wheezing, 91 (23.6%) of them were classified as multi-trigger wheezing. The follow-up period was 20.28 ± 3.79 on average. When the demographic features and clinical progressions of the two phenotypes were compared, the multi-trigger wheezing group were older than the episodic wheezing group on admission (p< 0.001). In the group of multi-trigger wheezing, peripheral eosinophilia (p= 0.04), frequency of wheezing attacks in past year (p= 0.003), wheezing attacks requiring systemic steroids (p= 0.02), to be begun on anti-inflammatory treatment at the time of diagnosis (p< 0.001), the preference of inhaled steroids more than LTRAs (p< 0.001), the continuation of symptoms at the end of follow up period (p= 0.01) and the use of anti-inflammatory treatment (p< 0.001) were more common than in the episodic wheezing group. Furthermore, transition between phenotypes were more frequent in the multi-trigger group (p= 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the attacks in multi-trigger wheezing group are more frequent and severe and is accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia more commonly than the episodic wheezing group. The transition between phenotypes are frequent in multi-trigger wheezers in follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a rare form of food allergy and chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa without involving other parts of the gastrointestinal system. Its incidence is thought to be between 1-2.7/10.000 per year and has been recognized increasingly over the last decade. Food and aero-allergens is thought to be responsible for its etiology. The symptoms depend on age, but the most characterictic complaints are those of gastroesop- hageal reflux in children. The absolute diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is by histopathological examination. Patients should be investigated for atopic disorders due to frequent comorbidities with other allergic disorders. Nowadays, dietary management and topical corticosteroid regimen are the treatment of the disease. Remission is rare and the single complication is esophageal stricture. A teamwork consisting of an allergist, gastroenterologist and dietician is required for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a rare form of food allergy and chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa without involving other parts of the gastrointestinal system. Its incidence is thought to be between 1-2.7/10.000 per year and has been recognized increasingly over the last decade. Food and aero-allergens is thought to be responsible for its etiology. The symptoms depend on age, but the most characterictic complaints are those of gastroesop- hageal reflux in children. The absolute diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is by histopathological examination. Patients should be investigated for atopic disorders due to frequent comorbidities with other allergic disorders. Nowadays, dietary management and topical corticosteroid regimen are the treatment of the disease. Remission is rare and the single complication is esophageal stricture. A teamwork consisting of an allergist, gastroenterologist and dietician is required for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asthma Allergy Immunology / Astim Allerji Immunoloji is the property of Turkish National Society of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Disease / Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly common worldwide and has a negative impact on school performance, work performance, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on the symptoms of AR in children. Methods: Serum vitamin D levels of children with AR and age-matched healthy controls were compared using the high-pressure liquid chromatography method. The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and symptoms and severity of AR was then examined. Results: The study included 137 patients diagnosed with AR (76 males, 61 females; median age: 11 years). Serum vitamin D levels were lower in the patient group than in the control group (P = 0.001), lower in all aeroallergen groups (mites, pollen, and multiple inhalants) than in the healthy control group (P = 0.001), and lower in both the perennial AR group and the seasonal AR group than in the control group (P = 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between symptom score and vitamin D level (rs = −0.099; P = 0.25). Conclusions: We found no correlation between serum vitamin D level and symptoms and severity of AR. Serum vitamin D levels were lower in children with AR than in healthy children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]