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Thieno[3,4-b]-1,4-dioxin, 5,5′-methylenebis[2,3-dihydro] was chosen as a universal solid state polymerization (SSP) platform due to its ready synthesis procedure, further tunable substitution groups on the CH2 bridge and its excellent conjugated quinonoid structure of corresponding poly(bis-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methine). These monomers were designed by taking the steric effect and molecular flexibility into consideration and by careful investigation under SSP. In addition, the aromatic moieties were firstly introduced in the branch chain in this polymer matrix, which may offer amazing properties and further modification opportunities based on this unique platform. Our results reveal that the substitution groups on the CH2 bridge play an important role in SSP. The bulkier the substitution group and the longer effective halogen distance the monomers have, the higher onset temperature (Tonset) the SSP will have. Furthermore, the primitive dependence of Tonset with an effective halogen distance was established.

Based on an EDOT–CH2–N(R)–CH2–EDOT platform, we investigated the effect of the substituent on the nitrogen atom on solid-state polymerization. Detailed characterizations of the corresponding polymers were carried out and crystals of all the monomers were obtained for structural analysis. Our study revealed that the introduction of aromatic moieties makes SSP successful, which would greatly widen the scope of monomers. In addition, besides linker distance, the substitution on the CH2–N(R)–CH2 linker also plays an important role in the SSP behavior of monomers.

The model of the electric vehicle charging station location is built in this paper. The objective function is charging station utility maximization, the constraint condition is traffic flow, and simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve this model. The result shows that this model is reasonable to provide the electric vehicle project managers with an optimal or approximate optimal location solution.

We investigated the effect of bilateral total hip replacement (THR) for patients with ankylosed hip joints caused by late ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to discuss its related pre- and postoperative problems.Data of 12 patients with ankylosed hip joints caused by late AS who underwent THR (24 hips) were reviewed. Each patient had both hips replaced at the same time. We assessed joint pain, range of motion (ROM) and Harris hip score (HHS) to determine postoperative results.Mean follow-up was 4.2 years; all hip-joint function improved, and flexion deformity was corrected. Flexion ranges were 75-105°(average 84. 4°) extension 10°~20°(average 18. 7°). HHS ranged from 15.21 points preoperation to 86.25 points postoperation. No patient experienced hip pain postoperatively, and presurgery knee and lower back pain were clearly relieved postoperatively.Bilateral THR is an effective treatment for the ankylosed hip joint caused by late ankylosing spondylitis. When considering this procedure, attention to related pre- and postoperative problems must be considered.

As astronomical data grows rapidly, cross-matching between huge catalogues that contain millions or billions of celestial objects becomes a hotspot of research. In this paper, we present a parallel cross-match program, which is written in Python language and is able to make full use of multi-core processors. We explain why Python programming language is chosen and how to implement parallel computing with it. A sky splitting function HTM is selected to partition catalogues. The results of experiments prove that our program has a significant performance advantage comparing with previous functions and lays a good foundation for further statistical research and data mining.

We numerically study the fidelity of an electron in the one-dimensional Harper model and in the one-dimensional slowly varying potential model. Our results show that many properties of the two models can be well reflected by the fidelity: (i) the mobility edge and metal–insulator transition can be characterized by the static fidelity; (ii) the extended state and localized state can be identified by the dynamic fidelity. Therefore, it may broaden the applied areas of the fidelity.

A second-order dynamic phase transition in a non-equilibrium Eggers urn model for the separation of sand is studied. The order parameter, the susceptibility and the stationary probability distribution have been calculated. By applying the Lee-Yang zeros method of equilibrium phase transitions, we study the distributions of the effective partition function zeros and obtain the same result for the model. Thus, the Lee-Yang theory can be applied to a more general non-equilibrium system.

The half-filled Hubbard chains with the Fibonacci and Harper modulating site potentials are studied in a self-consistent mean-field approximation. A new order parameter is introduced to describe a charge density order. We also calculate the von Neumann entropy of the ground state. The results show that the von Neumann entropy can identify a CDW/SDW (charge density wave/spin density wave) transition for quasiperiodic models.

By mapping the Fock space of many local fermionic modes isomorphically onto a many-qubit space and using the measure of concurrence, this paper studies numerically the mode entanglement of two spinless electrons with on-site interaction U moving in the one-dimensional Harper model. Generally speaking, for electrons in extended regimes (potential parameter λ 2), N〈C〉 decreases drastically as λ increases. The functions of N 〈C〉 versus λ are different for electrons in extended and localized regimes. The maximum of N〈C〉 occurs at the point λ = 2, which is the critical value in the one-dimensional single-particle Harper model. From these studies it can distinguish extended, localized and critical regimes for the two-particle system. It is also found for the same λ that the interaction U always induce the decreases of concurrence, i.e., the concurrence can reflect the localization effect due to the interaction. All these provide us a new quantity to understand the localization properties of eigenstates of two interacting particles.

By using the concept of concurrence, we numerically investigate the thermal entanglement between any two nearest-neighbour spins in uniform and periodic anisotropic XY chains in a transverse field at finite temperature T. It is found that the entanglement has more than one critical temperatures on some parameter regions for uniform and periodic chains. We also discuss the behaviour of the thermal entanglement at the vicinity of quantum phase transition of periodic anisotropic XY chains and find that all the derivatives ∂λC have similar behaviour as that of the uniform chain.

Hand surgery is very much a psychomotor dominant specialty requiring the need for predictable, reliable and cost effective means of transferring and developing surgical skills. The need for a high quality simulations model to acquire skills is important in skill training. In this paper we identified real world problems of skill gaps in hand surgery and used the theories of instructional design (ID) to analyse the instructional needs in the problems and then generated solutions using the principles of ID. Based on the individual needs of the learners and entry behavior and characteristics, the framework developed instructional activities and materials and used the concept of the flipped classroom, allowing for effective and efficient transfer of information and skills allowing for adequate feedback and assessment to achieve the stated objectives of the instructions. It included generation of appropriate tools to evaluate the effectiveness of the whole ID framework. Trainees may be trusted to perform a professional task with sufficient independence. This professional activity that is required in the community is called a Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). EPAs are entrusted when a supervisor is confident the trainee can demonstrate the knowledge, skills and attitude required of the task, knows when to ask for additional help and can be trusted to seek assistance in a timely manner. The authors developed the EPA for trainees in hand surgery care based on prior unpublished research. 4 skill acquisition workshops were conceptualized and developed based on the ADDIE (Analyse, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) framework of Instructional Design. The 4 workshops were: Injured Hand Assessment; Flexor Tendon Workshop; Hand Fracture Fixation; Micro-neural repair workshop. The ADDIE and Gagnes 9 events of instruction framework was used to analyse the instructional goals and needs and formulated strategies to bridge the gap by developing the instructional events for delivery of the learning in the form of an intensive course to transfer knowledge and skills using a high fidelity simulated models. Using Gagnes 9 events of instruction, the curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment were developed and the resource materials were posted on an open online learning management system. (www.handsurgeryedu.com). This formed the basis of the flipped workshop to maximizing resources during the face to face skill acquisition workshops. This paper shows that the use of the Instructional Design models like ADDIE and Gagne’s nine events and the use of open educational resources hosted on an open learning management system is a useful strategy in designing surgical skill workshops and is a reliable and predictable tool in producing learning programs for surgeons in a cost effective manner.

By using the measure of von Neumann entropy, we numerically investigate quantum entanglement of an electron moving in the one-dimensional Harper model and in the one-dimensional slowly varying potential model. The delocalized and localized eigenstates can be distinguished by von Neumann entropy of the individual eigenstates. There are drastic decreases in von Neumann entropy of the individual eigenstates at mobility edges. In the curve of the spectrum averaged von Neumann entropy as a function of potential parameter λ, a sharp transition exists at the metal–insulator transition point λc = 2. It is found that the von Neumann entropy is a good quantity to reflect localization and metal–insulator transition.