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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a detailed quantitative and qualitative assessment of the banking system currently in place in the Visegrad countries, as well as its transition from the Soviet system to a capitalist market-oriented system. The empirical part of this study focuses on estimating the stability of the banking system, the impact of regulations and supervision on the stability of this system the performance and effectiveness (productivity) of the system, and the impact of banking sector performance on economic growth. Two different methods are used for the data analysis: panel data regression with random effect model and traditional ratio analysis based on DuPont formula and other financial ratios, which were constructed using historical data taken from Bank Scope, together with random-effects GLS regression. The results suggest that, as measured by z-score, Slovakia had the most stable banking sector in most years, followed by Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. Additionally, according to the regression analysis, the imposition of strict requirements for banks applying for licenses in Visegrad countries has led to greater banking system stability, while prohibiting additional banking activities-such as real estate, insurance, securities, or other non-financial...

This bachelor thesis focuses on influence of the banking system regulation. The thesis is aimed at capital requirements and evaluates if it is appropriate to make the regulation stronger, and creates the legal structure which enables European and national supervision authorities to react faster to potential changes in capital adequacy and a bigger exposition in relation to risks. This bachelor thesis confirms the stable development of Czech financial sector as well as sufficient bank capital resources. In this respect it is not necessary to increase the capital requirements across the board. Despite the current trend of regulatory and supervisory centralization it is recommended to entrust some of these activities and powers with competent national supervisory authorities. These authorities could possibly better address the specifics of their respective national financial systems.

This bachelor thesis deals with the usage of negative interest rates as a part of the monetary policy of central banks. The theoretical analysis/part describes banking risks and further deals with the risk measurement and risk management, the interest rates in central banking, the interbank rates and the PRIBOR rate quotation. The empirical analysis/part concerns the situation of some selected European countries, where the central banks have implemented negative interest rates. The next chapter explains the situation in the Czech Republic and the impact of interest rate reduction.

In our master thesis, we compare ten classification algorithms for credit scor- ing. Their prediction performances are measured by six different classification performance measurements. We use a unique P2P lending data set with more than 200,000 records and 23 variables for our classifiers comparison. This data set comes from Lending Club, the biggest P2P lending platform in the United States. Logistic regression, Artificial neural network, and Linear discriminant analysis are the best three classifiers according to our results. Random forest ranks as the fifth best classifier. On the other hand, Classification and regression tree and k-Nearest neighbors are ranked as the worse classifiers in our ranking. 1

The goal of my bachelor´s thesis is to describe all the important changes the investment banking went through during the financial crisis and in the years after. On this basis I would also like to try to predict the future development. For this purpose I used the first chapter as a historical review revolving around the most important events which shaped the whole branch. The collapse of the Bretton Wood system and the mortgage crisis are among them. In the second part I focused on an analysis of the two investment banks which play the most important role in the European and American banking - Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank. In the last part I evaluate the present trends which create the base for the future development of investment banking.

Using static and dynamic panel data analysis, we examine how interest rates influenced equity prices of European banks and insurance companies between 2006 and 2015. Identification and quantification of effects of the low yield environment, which is a consequence of decreasing interest rates, are crucial for regulators and policy makers. Our static and dynamic models show that decreasing short-term interest rates had a negative impact both on banks and insurers. In this thesis, dynamic models are estimated by means of the Blundell- Bond system GMM estimator and we consider their results superior to the results of static models because all underlying assumptions of the dynamic models are met here. Results obtained by employing the Blundell-Bond system GMM estimator suggest that life insurers were effected more than banks, while banks were effected more than non-life insurers. In case of a 1 percentage point decrease in short-term interest rates, equity prices of life insurers are estimated to decrease on average by 18 %, equity prices of banks by 8 %, and equity prices of non-life insurers by 3 %. JEL Classification C33, C36, C61, E44, G21, G22 Keywords interest rates, equity prices, static panel analy­ sis, dynamic panel analysis, system GMM esti­ mator Author's e-mail jurena.filip.l@ gm ail.com...

The sector of credit unions has undergone a remarkable evolution. The situation had seemingly changed after the period of instability in the late 1990's but the bankruptcy of Unibon, Metropolitní spořitelní družstvo and WPB Capital proved that the credit unions still pose a potential threat for financial market. In 2014, a Novel of the Savings and Credit Cooperatives Law, which will probably lead to change of the structure of these financial institutions´ markets, was passed. Furthermore, another limitation on credit unions, related e.g. to their balance sheet total is going to be imposed 1.1.2018. According to the fact that in general they aim to either eliminate or dispose of this type of financial institution, the amount of these subjects is likely to decrease, as a consequence of transformation into a bank or termination of business. This bachelor thesis analyses contemporary condition of the sector of credit unions and intends to predict their presumable development, which leads to three possible eventualities.

The thesis aim is to introduce, define and categorize new trends reaching a global finance World and assess and evaluate their impact on banking sector as a logical conglomerate of large market players. A key focus is paid on several recently appearing important trends such as digitalization, commoditization, globalization and uberization. Additionally; further objective targets emerging regulatory requirements directly related to overall banking industry. A final section analyses financial performance of banks registered in the Czech Republic.

There has never been more need to discuss cybersecurity related issues. We live in a world where criminals do not have to physically visit a bank to steal money from it, where elections results can be influenced by data breached from personal email accounts, where to win a war a country needs skilled cybersecurity specialists rather than powerful weapons and where patients do not get recommended treatment because a hospital is under a cyberattack. The financial industry as a backbone of any modern economy requires adequate protection against cybercrime. We discuss major cyber threats for financial institutions as well as possible protection methods. After that we introduce Basel II Framework for operational risk assessment and we evaluate data breach risk in an empirical analysis. 1

Czech household, an important factor of the Czech banking sector, is considered to be a subject with a conservative approach in dealing with its financial funds. This bachelor thesis deals with a demonstrability of this status, acceleration of demands for loans and with analysis of banking assets and liabilities of households and their changes in time. The theoretical part describes key concepts and specifies basic framework needed for a further topic elaboration; it also specifies two key hypotheses: the first one is aimed at a household balance in time, the second one is focused on growth rate in relation to pensioners disposable income. The empiric part of the thesis is focused on loan development trends which represent household liabilities and deposits as household assets, accentuating the changes based on legislative steps, unexpected events on domestic market or world financial markets events. The end of the practical chapter summarises development tendencies and their substantiation. The conclusion summarises a contribution of the thesis, declares Czech household conservativism demonstrability and confirms the hypothesis of Czech household debt paradox.

A vigorous advancement in the field of information technologies allows practical use of sophisticated, computing power consuming methods. One of these is the Monte Carlo simulations method, which relies on generating an immense number of stochastic scenarios and can effectively solve problems in areas such as physics or mathematics. Entities in the banking sector are constantly exposed to many kinds of risks, for instance the occurrence of negative interest rates. These risks need to be taken into account, monitored, measured and managed. Even the Monte Carlo method, usable in banking for risk measurement, has its weaknesses that need to be considered, and requires certain conditions to be met. It is crucial to correctly approximate the probability distribution and to create a sufficient number of random scenarios, to use a reliable random number generator and to bear in mind any possible sequential dependencies amongst the input data. In the practical part of this work, I analyzed the development of the London Interbank Offered Rate with a three-month maturity based on the US dollar during the years 2000 to 2016 and, using the Monte Carlo method, I tried to predict its future development as well. I came to the conclusion that the method should be used for forecasting in shorter time horizons, considering it provides significantly wider ranges of the rate's possible values at all probability levels while forecasting for longer time horizons. Via stress test, I also found that the method I applied doesn't really reflect rare short-term shocks in the resulting predictions. Neither the Monte Carlo method nor the TRADING ECONOMICS website anticipate the LIBOR USD 3M rate to fall below zero during the time horizon ending in 2020.

Using the sample of three largest stocks from seven main market sectors in the US, the thesis examines the effect of information content of earnings announce­ ments on market reaction across sectors. Our findings prove the asymmetry of market reaction to different earnings surprise categories with negative-surprise reaction being the most profound. The financial markets tend to be less ef­ ficient in response to negative earnings surprises. Leakage of information is not present suggesting that insider trading is well-mitigated on the US capital markets. Furthermore, we investigate the market reaction to earnings surprises in different sectors separately and find that Consumer Staples and IT sector tend to be the most sensitive, on the contrary Telecommunication and Energy sector tend to be the least sensitive. G14; G15; G30JEL Classification Keywords Earnings announcement; Market reaction; Mar­ ket efficiency; Cross-sector analysis; Corpo­ rate disclosure; Insider trading; Post-earnings- announcement drift A u th o r's e-m ail p a v e l.prucekSgm ail. com S u p erv iso r's e-m ail kocenda@f s v . c u n i. cz

In this thesis I evaluate the quantitative effects of the Czech National Bank's commitment to keep the Koruna from appreciating that were put in place in 2013. I focus its on the impact on output, unemployment, and inflation. I use the synthetic control method, which allows me to compute the counter-factual development of the Czech economy in the absence of the commitment. I find that, until the end of 2015, the commitment helped create about 100,000 jobs. The effect on overall output is also strongly positive, almost 2% for growth in 2015, but only marginally statistically significant, which might be connected to disturbances created by changes in excise taxes. The effect of the commitment on inflation is positive but not statistically significant at standard levels. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The goal of this thesis is to analyze the mathematical apparatus of the most widespread methods used for the yield curves construction. It aims to introduce not only the various of construction models but also to describe the whole process of creation, while discussing the advantages and disadvantage of individual methods. The first chapter focus on the general theory and the use of the term structure of interest rates in practice. The second part deals with the construction process itself and describes the most frequently used methods. The last chapter then shows the real application of selected methods on given data set and the use of the constructed yield curves for interest rate derivative valuation too.

The global financial crisis of 2008, which forced the central banks around the world to defend a financial stability by using non-standard instruments such as quantitative easing, has resulted in, among other things, the fall of the interest rates to zero, and even to negative values in some countries, which has become the new normal in banking field. In this thesis, we focused on the Czech financial market, and we used the method of Monte Carlo simulation in the Vasicek model for the prediction of the future development of interest rates, both short and long maturities. The model shows that in the short term the rates may fall to negative values, but the prediction shows rising interest rates up to their own equilibrium. The 3-months and 6-months rates show surprisingly uncharacteristic behavior, where their long-term decline and higher volatility caused calculation of the equilibrium as a negative value in the Vasicek model. Than we apply the results in the model for calculating changes in the prices of bonds, which are negatively correlated with the interest rates, and we explore the repricing costs for the bondholders. Also, we will show that commercial banks may control the impact of the interest rate risk on capital by composition of financial assets in various categories, where the accounting classification of the instrument is critical to revaluation of the capital.

The significant change of the banking business models is easily observable in the current banking industry. Banks are forced to find additional source of income besides the one from traditional activities and thus the non-interest income is growing in importance. One of the reasons behind is that the banks need to recover from severe impacts of financial crisis in 2008-2010 and they want to adapt to the environment of low interest rates which has been occurring in the market since 2011. In this thesis, we analyze the presence of direct effect of non-interest income (proxied by fee income) on banks' performance using data of 220 commercial and investment banks from U.S. and EU-28 countries over the period of 2007-2014. Using System Generalized Methods of Moment, the direct effect was not detected. However, we conclude that economy with low inflation rate and growing gross domestic product improves the banks' profitability, as well as high capitalization and operating and credit quality efficiency. Furthermore, we found out that the volatility of the non-interest income has increased earlier than the crisis in 2008-2010 and it has been achieving almost continuous level till 2011 when it started decreasing again. Thus the hypothesis about relationship between volatility and financial crisis was rejected.

Currently, banking is exposed to huge market risks. One of those risks is occurrence of negative interest rates in the EU. Nowadays, it is important to use sophisticated and modern measurement tools and approaches to measure and manage banking risks. One of those methods is Monte Carlo simulation. This bachelor thesis is aimed at analysis and prediction of 3-month maturity Prague Interest Offer Rate (PRIBOR) for 3, 6 and 12 months with using Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that this method is suitable for prediction market variables with low volatility. If anybody uses this method, it is necessity to have in mind all pitfalls and assumptions, that this method includes, as an adequate random generated number of scenarios, approximation of correct probability distribution, independence of dataset and not least, as far as possible, to focus on factors generating randomness of market variable and not the prices, that express rather consequences of randomness than its cause. Further, the Monte Carlo prediction was compared with prognosis of the Czech Nation Bank and it was found that Monte Carlo prediction is more accurate for short term predictions. 12-month prediction of Monte Carlo simulation discovered also possible occurrence of negative interest rate at 0,05% level of probability in compare to the Czech National Bank prognosis, where was no negative interest rate predicted.

This thesis is focused on evolution of mortgage market of Czech Republic and Russia and development of macroeconomic factors. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the status and importance of mortgage loans as a part of the bank loan products. Another part is dedicated to get acquaint readers with the types of mortgage loans, the credit process and the influence of macroeconomic factors on the mortgage market. The practical part is devoted to analyzing the evolution of the mortgage market in Czech Republic and Russia in terms of macroeconomic factors. In the end, there is a short characteristic of the current situation on the mortgage market in these countries.

The thesis focuses on the impact of the banking regulation Basel III on bank-intermediated trade finance. The theoretical part of the thesis explains details of Basel III requirements, history of Basel Accords and their future in the form of Basel IV, characteristics of trade finance products and of the whole industry. Trade finance industry voiced worries about the negative effect that these new requirements might have on trade finance business. The thesis estimates determinants of bank-intermediated trade finance and includes a regulatory variable. We use trade finance data from the Czech Republic and Hong Kong in 2000−2014 and from India in 2007−2014. A negative effect of Basel III on trade finance growth is found using pooled OLS regression. Contrary to previous research, we also estimate a negative coefficient of banks' capital to assets ratios. To the best of our knowledge, the thesis provides the first empirical analysis of the impact of Basel III on trade finance. Trade finance research usually focuses more on the relationship of trade finance and trade flows and the thesis provides an extensive literature summary of this topic. The final part of the thesis contrasts different levels of risk of trade finance and shows that the imputed low-riskiness does not apply to the Czech data.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the impact of government non-investment and applied R&D subsidies on the firm level competitiveness. According to many literature sources the indicators of competitiveness are assumed to be Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Sales and Asset Turnover ratio. The tool used to test the effect is counterfactual analysis. The subsidized companies are compared to a control group drawn by Propensity Score Matching, the effect is tested by Average Treatment Effect on the Treated and the difference in size of other financials is derived by Difference in Differences. The study focuses on two industries NACE C25 (metallurgy) and C28 (manufacture of machines). The subsidized companies show no added significant growth of competitiveness whatsoever. The financials (Total Assets, Equity, Turnover) grew, compared to the control group, only for industry C25. JEL Classification O31, O38, H21 Keywords R&D, Innovation, non-investment, subsidies, applied R&D, competitiveness Author's e-mail petr.rotr@post.cz Supervisor's e-mail petr.teply@fsv.cuni.cz

The thesis focuses on banking regulation and on the nexus between financial sovereign crises. After illustrating the main mechanisms on the recent financial crisis, we construct several multi-agent network models of a financial system for testing its stability under different parameters. In the first part, we focus on the rationale for banking regulation and we describe its development including the recently introduced Basel III measures. The main conclusion of this part is that regulation is to a large extent influenced by the banks and it does not always secure financial system stability. In the second part, we build an agent-based model which enables us to simulate the impacts of various types of negative shocks given various settings of the banking system and the regulatory environment, including the capital and liquidity measures. Our simulations show firstly that sufficient capital buffers are crucial for systemic stability, secondly that the discretionary measures have little effect once a crisis breaks out and thirdly that liquidity measures are a relevant regulatory tool. In the third part, the model is extended so that it allows for testing effects of state support on systemic stability is tested with various parameter settings in Monte Carlo simulations and for testing of feedback loops in which...

Innovative financial instruments in the Czech Republic and their hypothetical use in the field of energy efficiency are analysed and assessed in this thesis. We address lim- ited awareness about multiple benefits of energy efficiency improvements and also emerging innovative financial instruments that are promoted by the European Com- mission as a way to multiply impacts of limited public budgets. Then we identify a suitable segment, Czech residential housing stock and public support of insulation, and compare several forms of possible public support in this field. As the main driver of space heating costs, we predict the future development of heat prices, and assess po- tential energy savings resulting from renovations. Finally, we assess and also simulate the potential of such an initiative and identify four suitable settings of the innovative financial instrument for a majority of stakeholders. Our findings support an idea that this innovative financial instrument offers a valuable alternative to traditional grants. It also suggests that such an initiative can be interesting for a private sector as well as a public sector, with benefits to public budgets, equity investors, households and many other stakeholders. Moreover, this initiative can be sustainable in the long run. JEL Classification G23,...

Counterparty credit risk is an important type of financial risk. The importance of proper counterparty risk management became most apparent in the wake of the 2008 series of failures of several large banks. Correlation of market factors is an important issue in the calculation of CVA. A notable case of correlation is wrong-way risk which occurs whenever the probability of default of the counterparty is positively correlated with exposure. The basic formulas for CVA and basic counterparty credit risk models do not account for wrong-way risk because its modeling is nontrivial. This thesis aims to answer how well can the impact of wrong-way risk on CVA be approximated with an add-on which only depends on correlation between the price of the underlying asset and the credit spread of the counterparty. The thesis is supplemented by a fully documented implementation of the model in the Mathematica software.

The author of this bachelor thesis deals with the present phenomenon, namely cyber risk narrowed to the field of payments. The subject of this thesis is to present comprehensive and understandable information about this phenomenon with the accent on defining vulnerable points to cyber risk connected with payments. At the same time, it should recommend steps to reduce the cyber risk and show how other users do so. A survey research is a part of this thesis and it analyses the awareness of society in this field. Last but not least it shows real cases of the cyber-crime.

Czech Commercial Banks' Net Interest Margin Analysis with Regards to the Changes of Recent Years Bachelor thesis Martin Brousil Abstract The rapid development of digital technologies in recent years has influenced the whole business world, with the banking industry being no exception. For banks, it has brought many advantages, such as greater cost efficiency or higher availability of information about clients, but also new challenges for their business models and a growing number of direct and indirect competitors. This thesis analyzes the most salient trends present in the industry: the digitalization of banking, the growing competition, a shift in customer preferences and the stricter regulation of the banking business. Further, it focuses on the decreasing interest rate margin of Czech banks and attempts to find its causes. The size of bank, its cost efficiency and operational risks are identified as important determinants of the margin and also GDP growth and the degree of competition within the sector are found to play their roles in the determining process. At the end, the results are used and the qualitative and quantitative trends are linked together, since, as the author argues, a close relationship between them exists. Keywords Banking, Clients' Preferences, Competition, Digitalization, Regulatory...

English The thesis explores the topic of cost planning of Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) projects in the Czech Republic, especially with respect to institutional settings and road infrastructure. First, the PPP concept is introduced from a theoretical perspective and compared to traditional public procurement. Then the financing of PPP projects is discussed in the context of project finance and the European PPP market. The main part of the thesis focuses on public procurement of road infrastructure and the advantages of the PPP organizational structure. Initially, flaws of the procurement institutions are identified and a number of solutions suggested. The solutions cover four main areas: improvement of procurement laws, better qualifications of public officials, strategic planning of needed roads and asset management perspective on the existing infrastructure. The question whether Czech institutions are hindering the potential of PPP projects is answered positively. Follows a thorough empirical analysis of a World Bank PPP model for highways through a Monte Carlo simulation. A particular case of R35 motorway is evaluated as a PPP project and key drivers of public and private NPV are identified and compared across three different scenarios. Heavyweight traffic intensity, its toll revenue and...

v Abstract This thesis proposes a theoretical framework for application of ethics in banking and analyses effects of such application on financial performance of banks. A sentiments-adjusted economic motivation enables employment of ethical concepts, such as universality and humanity, in economics as well as banking. Then, using Bankscope data of more than 80,000 bank-year observations for the years 2003-2013, it is shown that banks applying ethics have higher exposure to real economy and less volatile Return on Equity. A consequent analysis revealed that in comparison with their closest peers those banks have lower profitability caused by higher relative costs that conversely result in lower loan losses. JEL Classification A13, B12, B16, G21, Q56 Keywords banking, ethics, economic motivation, Smith, self-interest, sentiments, Kant, sustainability, Bankscope, banking business models, within- between model, profitability, volatility, ethical, sustainable, values-based, social Length 115 862 characters Author's e-mail radek.halamka@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail teply@fsv.cuni.cz

The bachelor thesis deals with the cyber risk in banking industry. Its main goal is to stress the imporatance of cyber risk both verbally and numericaly and review the approach of banks to this risk. The first part of this thesis specifies what cyber risk is and how it fits among other operational risks, presents the common cyber-attacks and archetypes of cyber criminals, later it delves into the cyber risk in Czech Republic and at the end of this part it mentions the legislation that covers the cyber risk. The second part of this thesis examines the cyber risk from three different angles: the amount of security threats from the analyses of security experts, the importance of cyber risk to the bankers from market analyses and evolution of the regulatory capital for operational risk from annual reports of chosen banks and the statistical data of EBA, ECB and ČNB.

Estimating the Euro effect with Synthetic Control Method for Eastern Europe Abstract This thesis estimates the effect of Euro adoption on newest Eurozone members using synthetic control method. The effect is estimated on income per capita and GDP growth. Estimates indicate overall indecisive effect for Slovakia and Malta, neutral effect for Estonia and negative effect for Slovenia and Cyprus. The cost of Euro for Cyprus is estimated to be as high as 1/3 of GDP per capita. In some cases the direction of the effect changed before and after the financial crisis. The quality of inference suffers from low number of observations. Methodological assumptions are discussed, concluding that quality of Eastern European time series likely causes substantial bias in the results.

Building societies always show stable performance, but the situation can change because of new banking trends. This bachelor thesis deals with current problems of the building society sector in the Czech Republic and possibilities of future development. The analysis has shown that the current economic situation in the banking and financial markets has affected disadvantageously both the building society sector and the banking sector as a whole. Period of low mortgage rates together with reducing state aid have caused a decline in clients' interest in construction loans. One of the factors that greatly affects the future of the sector savings is the existence of state aid and its amount. Performed analysis of the historical development of building societies as a whole led to the conclusion that a gradual reduction in state aid resulted in the worsening of financial position of each building society, as evidenced by the decline in long-term indicators of return on equity, which, according to my predictions, by the end of 2020, will make up 7.8 %.

In this thesis we have studied China's financial sector globalisation by analysing the determinants of Chinese banking sector profitability, and the relationship between GDP growth and FDI inflows. For estimating the Chinese banking sector profitability, we applied system GMM estimation on the annual data of 56 banks currently in China. The time period of the data is from 2002-2011. We found out that both internal and external factors have impact on the Chinese banking sector profitability. As we have expected financial sector globalisation has positive impact on the profitability of banking industry. For analysing the impacts of financial sector globalisation in terms of FDI contribution to the Chinese economy, we have tested the relationship between FDI and GDP by running the VAR model on the macro data over the time period of 1987-2011. We have found that GDP growth explains the rapid development of FDI, and FDI indirectly influences the GDP growth by influencing the domestic investments.

The bachelor thesis Problems of Start-up Funding in the Czech Republic analyses possibilities which are provided in the area of the Czech Republic and hints the manual of funding sources regarding the stage of a company or an individual. The next chapter is focused on the hypothesis of the surplus of liquidity in a financial sector and the increasing trend of investments into the start-ups accompanied with a higher risk rate. Last but not least, the thesis depicts the cooperation of banking institutions with the European Union or specialists in a branch such as venture capital companies and startup incubators.

This thesis explores the concept of credit valuation adjustment (CVA) focusing on the regulatory CVA capital charge. Regulatory CVA capitalizes the risk of losses due to deterioration in a counterparty's credit quality within a bilateral OTC trade. The two approaches defined in Basel III, the standardized and the advanced method, are analyzed and compared. The individual steps in the complex advanced method are uncovered and a simplified methodology is suggested, replacing banks' internal models. Capital charges are computed under both methods for several hypothetical portfolios. Furthermore, sensitivities of both models to trade parameters are quantified as well as the effect of risk mitigators such as netting and collateral. Finally, the role of the correlation between counterparties is explored. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of the thesis is to estimate the cost efficiency of the banks from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia during 2008-2013 using stochastic frontier analysis. In addition to this, mutual relationships between the changes in banks' cost efficiency, risk- taking, and capital position are examined. First, the literature that is concerned with these relationships is reviewed and the stochastic frontier approach towards the efficiency estimation is outlined. In the empirical analysis, the cost efficiency of the banks from the aforementioned countries is estimated. The results suggest that the Czech and the Polish banks from the sample have the highest average cost efficiency while the Hungarian banks rank the lowest. The estimated efficiency is decreasing during the sample period. No conclusive results are found to support the hypothesis that the larger banks exhibit higher cost efficiency. Subsequently, the system of simultaneous equations is applied to test the mutual relationships between the changes in the banks' cost efficiency, risk-taking, and capital position. The results suggest a negative relationship between the changes in risk-taking and cost efficiency and between the changes in capital position and risk-taking of the banks. Moreover, the results do not indicate simultaneous...

The bachelor thesis is focused on analysis of contemporary money laundering problem in Czech Republic and Russia. In this connection, emphasis is placed on cyber risk and risk in IT sphere. The first part is devoted to theoretical definition of money laundering, description of virtual currency and shows on example the use of virtual currency to launder money from criminal activities. The second part focuses on the activities of the authorities, responsible for preventing money laundering in both states, and legislative regulation the field of AML. The last part is a summary and discussion of the effectiveness of AML regulation in the Czech Republic and Russia.

This thesis deals with both theoretical and practical aspects of banking fee and commission income in the European Union. Since fee income represents the largest part of non-interest income earned by banks, it remains a major challenge for bank management to set and maintain an appropriate fee policy. Nevertheless, solving for the optimal fee structure has not yet been accomplished either on a theoretical level, or in actual practice. In the thesis, we analyse fee income in EU banking sectors. Our results show that the Czech banking sector was not abnormally dependent on fee income compared to other EU countries in the period 2007-2012. As a result, we argue that the high profitability of Czech banks cannot be attributed to abnormal banking fee and commission income, but rather other factors should be considered. Moreover, we study the determinants of fee income share in individual banks and discuss the impact of market concentration on the magnitude of banking fees. We conclude that banks facing higher competition tend to expand more aggressively into non-traditional activities and therefore they report higher fee income shares. We also study the relationship between banking fees and banks' performance in terms of profit and risk. The results on profitability are mixed depending on applied...

This thesis deals with both theoretical and practical aspects of banking fee and commission income in the European Union. Since fee income represents the largest part of non-interest income earned by banks, it remains a major challenge for bank management to set and maintain an appropriate fee policy. Nevertheless, solving for the optimal fee structure has not yet been accomplished either on a theoretical level, or in actual practice. In the thesis, we analyse fee income in EU banking sectors. Our results show that the Czech banking sector was not abnormally dependent on fee income compared to other EU countries in the period 2007-2012. As a result, we argue that the high profitability of Czech banks cannot be attributed to abnormal banking fees and commission income, but rather other factors should be considered. Moreover, we study the determinants of fee income share in individual banks and discuss the impact of market concentration on the magnitude of banking fees. We conclude that banks facing higher competition tend to expand more aggressively into non- traditional activities and therefore they report higher fee income shares. We also study the relationship between banking fees and banks' performance. The results are mixed depending on applied profitability measure, but in general, banks with...

This master thesis deals with the area of commercial bank's external audit in the Czech Republic. Its main goal is to highlight the different techniques and specific procedures which are used during statutory audit of commercial bank. Another goal of this master thesis is to investigate of a linear dependence between count of changes of auditors and selected commercial bank's performance indicators. In the first part we could find a general framework of the external audit with emphasis on legal aspects. The second part describes differences between bank and non-banking institution. The third part of this master thesis deals with a description of audit phases with emphasis on the interim audit phase at which the author of this master thesis was a part of audit providing team. The final part investigates the linear dependence between count of changes of auditors and selected commercial bank's performance indicators.

The thesis is focused on European markets financial instruments directives effective for czech financial market and is divided into three main parts -- a summary of european legislation in the financial markets field, evaluation of the impact of MiFID on the czech financial market and assumption for passing MiFID II with assessing whether new legislation needed. The thesis contains assessments of formation, progress and impact of European law on czech financial market. Evaluation of impacts is not just a description, but the real assessment of impact based on quantitative indicators. Recommendations concerning adoption of a new legislation proceed from lacks and issues found out on czech financial market.

This thesis is interested in relative performance of highly criticized Czech credit unions. Theoretical part comments on their historical development, makes international comparison and shows possible development of legislation. We created two unique datasets to assess financial performance of Czech credit unions in subsequent empirical part. The first one contains Czech credit unions' and commercial banks' data. The second one is established to make a comparison of Czech credit unions with cooperative banks operating elsewhere in the EU. Both are based on annual data between 2007 and 2012 period. System GMM method is employed as main instrument of our empirical analysis and alternative panel data methods are used as supplementary techniques. We focused our analysis on comparison of relative profitability and stability measures of Czech credit unions. The results revealed their poor performance in the given time period. According to our estimates, they resembled rather small commercial banks than cooperative ones. The negative relationship between Czech credit unions' stability measure (Z-score) and their asset size is especially striking. Moreover, Z- score of Czech credit unions decreased sharply in 2012. Such development was observed neither in case of Czech commercial banks nor in other...

This bachelor thesis follows up the Financial Market Guarantee System in Czech republic and aims to describe its establishment based on the regulation of the European Union, its competence and relevance in Czech republic. The Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part describes the development of the Deposit Insurance Fund, new legislation of the European Union and Czech law, which is based on European Union legislation. Practical part mostly examines newly established Resolution fund. On the sample of three different sized banks is shown the impact on the profit as a consequence of the contribution to the Resolution fund. The second part also focuses on ability of the system to help banks in financial problems, which was proven as very limited. Practical part in addition provides estimate of the annual contribution to the Resolution fund, which turned out to be quite accurate.

This diploma thesis deals with mechanisms which can be used to resolve crisis of a bank. The first chapter introduces the reader to essential theoretical background and basis for following chapters. The second chapter describes and analyzes measures used by governments to support their financial sectors in 2008 -- 2012. The first part of third chapter deals with insolvency regimes for banks and general description of new recovery and resolution regimes. The other part of third chapter contains qualitative analysis of recovery and resolution regimes adopted by European Union member states in the form of BRRD. Final chapter analyzes on the sample of ten systematically important banks applicability of bail-in tool to resolution of their crisis.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of the wholesale funding in the modern credit intermediation process and to estimate the possible impact of pro- posed regulation of the wholesale funding on lending activity of a bank or its risk profile. Throughout the analysis we used data set of 132-1167 banks from the European Union (number of banks depends on the hypotheses tested) during the period 2006-2012. We found that the banks that are more exposed to the whole- sale funding are able to increase their lending relatively more in comparison to the less exposed banks; this advantage is wiped out during the times of liquidity or collateral crunch. Results of defined simultaneous equation model suggest that stricter eligibility criteria, higher margins and introduction of 100% threshold for the Net Stable Funding Ratio will significantly decrease the wholesale funding ra- tio and thus limit the supply of loans. We consider those results alarming since the majority of European enterprises is financed by the financial intermediaries, not on the capital market and therefore additional limitation of the wholesale funding activities could negatively influence the overall economic activity within the Euro- pean Union. We discovered that the commercial banks tent to transfer the costs of the wholesale...

Automobiles can be today considered as cultural icons which indicate the level of develop- ment of a particular state. This thesis provides analysis of automotive industry in general from the point of view of globalization, linkages, value chains and macroeconomic envi- ronment. We will stress crucial challenges that face global original equipment manufac- turers, depict situations on most important emerging markets and forecast development that we can expect there. In the context of these information we will develop economet- ric analysis which will widen current findings from microeconomic and macroeconomic perspective of a car manufacturer. ŠKODA AUTO represents the most important en- terprise in the Czech Republic and at the same time is a part of the biggest automobile concern in the world. We will use internal data from the company for our research and give overall recommendations. Central questions in this study are the following: What are the forecasted needs of the customers on emerging markets? How sensitive are com- panys' costs on the output? And finally, which role do the macroeconomic indicators play in delivering of automobiles to end customers? 1

In order to address the deficiencies in the banking regulation revealed by the recent financial crisis the Basel III introduces two minimum standards for funding liquidity, Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). The goal of this thesis is to analyze whether the NSFR is defined optimally or whether the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) will be forced to relax NSFR conditions similarly as happened by the LCR. Based on the approximation of the NSFR between 2007 and 2012 for a sample of 3 128 European banks we test the ability of banks to satisfy the NSFR. Our results suggest that the European banks have not started to converge to the NSFR yet. Despite this fact they should not have problems with meeting this requirement as 40.3% of banks in our sample would have already satisfied the NSFR in 2011. A Probit model analysis suggests that the NSFR requirement will decrease the probability of bank defaults and therefore increase the stability of the banking sector in the future which proves that the NSFR is correctly specified. Moreover, a simple stress testing shows that the stability of the system would not be improved anymore if the NSFR was defined more strictly. The current version of the NSFR therefore seems to be optimal and in our opinion should be...

Different capital regulatory requirements in the bank and insurer markets lead to finding and using of new more complex financial tools linked with capital release and subsequent optimization of the investment objectives, but they are also linked with promises and risk transfers that could cause a collapse or a systemic risk of the financial markets, as evidence by the recent financial crisis. The aim of my work is to examine the behavior of credit default swap spreads on the securitization and reinsurance markets, followed by analyzing arbitrage conditions between securitization and reinsurance markets by cointegration analysis. The thesis focuses on Italy because it is one of four main European players in the securitization market and it has highly developed bank and insurer markets. Moreover, it still faces to consequences of the recent financial crisis that is indicator of strong possible bases for above mentioned complex financial instruments. On the dataset of Top 8 Italian banks and insurer companies in the period 2006 - 2012 I showed by cointegration analysis a presence of just one cointegration relationship between securitization and reinsurance market, therefore I rejected possibility of arbitrage between these markets. But on the other hand, they converge to long term equilibrium slowly...

i Abstract Recent financial crisis resulting in global financial instability pointed at the importance of growing shadow banking. Shadow banking activities are gen- erally defined as banking-like activities outside of regulated banking. In this thesis, we study theoretical background of shadow banking, its regulation and supervision. Despite the data availability problem, a qualitative analysis is performed to estimate the volume of the European and the U.S. shadow bank- ing sectors from 2006 until 2013 Q2. European shadow banking system hit its bottom of EUR 8.3 trillion (19% of total European bank assets) in 2008 Q4. Nowadays, it equals to EUR 9.3 trillion (21% of total European bank assets). U.S. shadow banking sector attained its maximum of USD 20.7 trillion (163% of total U.S. bank assets) in 2008 Q1. Nowadays, it equals to USD 15.6 tril- lion which also equals to total U.S. bank assets. Moreover, we concentrate on Chinese money market funds and French and UK repo markets, since these represent an important part of shadow banking. Quantitative analysis studies relationships among traditional banking, shadow banking and economy itself in France and UK. Results show that if repo transactions, GDP and government debt increase, total bank assets increase. Furthermore, if money market fund assets decrease and...

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of Basel III on Czech banks and to compare the effectiveness of capital ratios in predicting bank distress. After a short introduction, in the second chapter we estimate the impact of tightened Basel III capital regulation on lending spreads in the Czech banking sector. In this chapter we conclude that the tightened capital regulation will not lead to more expensive borrowing in the Czech Republic mainly because the banking sector has been well-capitalized. In the third chapter we identify the strategies that Czech banks adopted in order to significantly increase their capital ratios between 2009 and 2013. Our analysis shows that retained earnings have played a major role in increasing the average capital adequacy of Czech banks. In addition, the Czech banks have decreased their average asset risk to further strengthen the overall capital adequacy ratio. In the last chapter, using a dataset on bank distress in European banks during 2008-2012, we compare the performance of risk-weighted capital ratios and simple leverage capital ratios to predict bank distress. Our results suggest that simple leverage ratios can perform better than complex risk-weighted capital ratios when predicting bank distress. While such a finding is not conclusive, it suggests that more complex risk modeling does not always mean better risk modeling.

The aim of this thesis is to address the implications of Basel III regulation on counterparty credit risk. We analysed the development of OTC market, we addressed systemic risk and the way how central counterparties could mitigate or spread the contagion among banks. We used simulated data to develop a stress test model to find out the impact of counterparty credit risk on banks' capital requirements, in case the interest rate increased extensively. Six pos- sible scenarios of interest rate levels were developed with ascending order of the IR level. From these scenarios we computed the exposure levels and credit valuation adjustment (CVA) as the market value of counterparty credit risk. We came to the following conclusions: (1) Czech banks have enough capital to withstand any interest rate increase in any scenario. (2) Banks with high expo- sure to derivatives like Bank of America, Citibank and JP Morgan would face severe problems if the interest rate increased. (3) There is no direct correlation between credit valuation adjustment and interest rate, the CVA increases faster with the increase of the interest rate.

This thesis focuses on the link between financial system and sovereign debt crises through sovereign support to banks on one hand and banks' exposures to weak sovereigns on the other. After illustrating the main relationships on the recent financial crisis, we construct an agent-based network model of an artificial financial system allowing us to analyse the effects of state support on systemic stability and the feedback loops of risk transfer back into the financial system. First, the model is tested with various parameter settings in Monte Carlo simulations and second, it is calibrated to the real world data using a unique dataset put together from various sources. Our analyses yield the following key results: Firstly, in the short term, all the support measures improve the systemic stability. Secondly, in the longer run, the effects of state support depend on several parameters but still there are settings in which it significantly mitigates the systemic crisis. Finally, there are differences among the effects of the different types of support measures.