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Your search keyword '"Teplukhina, A."' showing total 183 results
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183 results on '"Teplukhina, A."'

151. On benchmarking of simulations of particle transport in ITER.

Author

Yong-Su Na, F. Koechl, A.R. Polevoi, C.S. Byun, D.H. Na, J. Seo, F. Felici, A. Fukuyama, J. Garcia, N. Hayashi, C.E. Kessel, T. Luce, J.M. Park, F. Poli, O. Sauter, A.C.C. Sips, P. Strand, A. Teplukhina, I. Voitsekhovitch, and A. Wisitsorasak

Subjects
TRANSPORT theory, ELECTRON transport, FUSION reactors, PLASMA beam injection heating, TOKAMAKS, PLASMA boundary layers, IONS, BENCHMARK problems (Computer science)
Abstract

We report results of benchmarking of core particle transport simulations by a collection of codes widely used in transport modelling of tokamak plasmas. Our analysis includes formulation of transport equations, difference between electron and ion solvers, comparison of modules of the pellet and edge gas fuelling on the ITER baseline scenario. During the first phase of benchmarking we address the particle transport effects in the stationary phase. Firstly, simulations are performed with identical sources, sinks, transport coefficients, and boundary conditions prescribed in the flattop H-mode phase. The transformation of ion particle transport equations is introduced so to directly compare their results to electron transport solvers. Secondly, the pellet fuelling models are benchmarked in various conditions to evaluate the dependency of the pellet deposition on the pellet volume, injection side, pedestal, and separatrix parameters. Thirdly, edge gas fuelling is benchmarked to assess sensitivities of source profile predictions to uncertainties in plasma conditions and detailed model assumptions. At the second phase, we address particle transport effects in the time-evolving plasma including the current ramp-up to the ramp-down phase. The ion and the electron solvers are benchmarked together. Differences between the simulation results of the solvers are investigated in terms of equilibrium, grid resolution, radial coordinate, radial grid distribution, and plasma volume evolution term. We found that the selection of the radial coordinate can yield prominent differences between the solvers mainly due to differences in the edge grid distribution. The simulations reveal that electron and ion solvers predict noticeably different density peaking for the same diffusion and pinch velocity while with the peaked profile of helium, expected in fusion reactors. The fuelling benchmarking shows that gas puffing is not efficient for core fuelling in H-modes and density control should be done by the high field side pellet injection in contrast to present machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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152. Optimal MSE polarisation angle and q-profile estimation using Kalman filters and the plasma simulator RAPTOR.

Author

M C C Messmer, F Felici, O Sauter, A A Teplukhina, J P G Loenen, M Reich, R Fischer, D Rittich, R J E Jaspers, Team, the ASDEX Upgrade, and team, the EUROfusion MST1

Subjects
POLARIZATION (Electricity), KALMAN filtering, STARK effect, PLASMA transport processes, TOKAMAKS
Abstract

Accurate q-profile reconstruction is of importance for the development of advanced scenarios, but continues to be a challenge in tokamak research. To constrain the q-profile in the plasma centre the motional Stark effect diagnostic (MSE) is often used, however achieving routine measurements with the required accuracy proves to be difficult in many devices. We present a novel approach to obtain accurate estimates of the q-profile using an observer based approach. The observer combines MSE measurements with a model-based prediction of the system. For this the plasma transport simulator RAPTOR is coupled with a fixed-boundary equilibrium solver to create a model-based prediction of the MSE measurements. An extended Kalman filter is used to merge profile evolution predictions from the RAPTOR code with measurements. Using synthetic data we demonstrate accurate q-profile estimations in situations where the model is purposely disturbed and only erroneous MSE measurements are available. For shots at ASDEX Upgrade we show that by constraining RAPTOR with MSE measurements, the evolution of the model’s q-profile is in close proximity to reference profiles of reconstructed equilibria from an integrated diagnostic suite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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153. Simulation of profile evolution from ramp-up to ramp-down and optimization of tokamak plasma termination with the RAPTOR code

Author

Teplukhina, A. A., Sauter, O., Felici, F., Merle, A., Kim, D., TCV Team, ASDEX Upgrade Team, and EUROfusion MST1 Team

Subjects
transport modeling, Physics::Plasma Physics, plasma termination, electron heat diffusivity, ramp-down optimization
Abstract

The present work demonstrates the capabilities of the transport code RAPTOR as a fast and reliable simulator of plasma profiles for the entire plasma discharge, i.e. from ramp-up to ramp-down. This code focuses, at this stage, on the simulation of electron temperature and poloidal flux profiles using prescribed equilibrium and some kinetic profiles. In this work we extend the RAPTOR transport model to include a time-varying plasma equilibrium geometry and verify the changes via comparison with ATSRA code simulations. In addition a new ad hoc transport model based on constant gradients and suitable for simulations of L-H and H-L mode transitions has been incorporated into the RAPTOR code and validated with rapid simulations of the time evolution of the safety factor and the electron temperature over the entire AUG and TCV discharges. An optimization procedure for the plasma termination phase has also been developed during this work. We define the goal of the optimization as ramping down the plasma current as fast as possible while avoiding any disruptions caused by reaching physical or technical limits. Our numerical study of this problem shows that a fast decrease of plasma elongation during current ramp-down can help in reducing plasma internal inductance. An early transition from H-to L-mode allows us to reduce the drop in poloidal beta, which is also important for plasma MHD stability and control. This work shows how these complex nonlinear interactions can be optimized automatically using relevant cost functions and constraints. Preliminary experimental results for TCV are demonstrated.

154. Development of a reduced model for energetic particle transport by sawteeth in tokamaks

Author

James Yang, M. Gorelenkova, Marco Cecconello, Francesca Poli, Mario Podesta, P. J. Bonofiglo, M. Vallar, Roscoe White, Nikolai Gorelenkov, and Anna A Teplukhina

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, ion-transport, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, transp, plasmas, Reduced model, Particle transport, law.invention, redistribution, alpha-particles, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, sawtooth, nubeam, tearing modes, code, nstx, neutral beam heating, reconnection, spherical tokamak, fast ions, sawtooth oscillations
Abstract

The sawtooth instability is known for inducing transport and loss of energetic particles (EPs), and for generating seed magnetic islands that can trigger tearing modes. Both effects degrade the overall plasma performance. Several theories and numerical models have been previously developed to quantify the expected EP transport caused by sawteeth, with various degrees of sophistication to differentiate the response of EPs at different energies and on different orbits (e.g. passing vs. trapped), although the analysis is frequently limited to a single time slice during a tokamak discharge. This work describes the development and initial benchmark of a framework that enables a reduced model for EP transport by sawteeth retaining the full EP phase-space information. The model, implemented in the ORBIT hamiltonian particle-following code, can be used either as a standalone post-processor taking input data from codes such as TRANSP, or as a pre-processor to compute transport coefficients that can be fed back to TRANSP for time-dependent simulations including the effects of sawteeth on EPs. The advantage of the latter approach is that the evolution of the EP distribution can be simulated quantitatively for sawtoothing discharges, thus enabling a more accurate modeling of sources, sinks and overall transport properties of EP and thermal plasma species for comprehensive physics studies that require detailed information of the fast-ion distribution function and its evolution over time.

155. Numerical optimization of ramp-down phases for TCV and AUG plasmas

Author

Teplukhina, Anna, Sauter, Olivier, Felici, Federico, Merle, Antoine, and Kim, Doohyun

Subjects
ramp-down optimization, electron thermal transport
Abstract

Optimization of the plasma discharge can be defined as determination of an optimal time evolution of the plasma parameters to lead a plasma to a desired state keeping it within the specific limits: physical ones (like the Greenwald density limit, low normalized beta and internal inductance values) and technical ones (like the vertical stability limit). The parameters, time-trajectories of which have to be optimized, are the ones significantly changing the plasma state, and, depending on the optimization goal, can be chosen from a wide range of plasma parameters: plasma current, plasma elongation, EC, NBI heating or current drive power, electron density, etc. Developing non-disruptive termination scenarios is important for safe operation of future tokamaks and especially for ITER since significant heat fluxes to the wall are expected during disruptions because of large amount of energy stored in burning plasmas. Therefore, the main goal of ramp-down optimization is to ramp down a plasma current as fast as possible while avoiding any disruptions. The results of the optimization problem study with the physical and technical limits is presented for TCV and AUG plasmas. The present work was done mainly with the RAPTOR code. The transport model has been extended to include a time-varying plasma equilibrium geometry, increasing the accuracy of full discharge simulations. Due to the design, the RAPTOR code is also an efficient tool for an optimization problem solving. A new ad-hoc transport model has been implemented to the RAPTOR code and tested during this work. Verification of the thermal transport model with simulation of the AUG and TCV full plasma discharges using RAPTOR will be presented.

156. Numerical optimization of the ramp-down phase with the RAPTOR code

Author

Teplukhina, Anna, Sauter, Olivier, Felici, F., and Merle, Antoine

Abstract

The ramp-down optimization goal in this work is defined as the fastest possible decrease of a plasma current while avoiding any disruptions caused by reaching physical or technical limits. Numerical simulations and preliminary experiments on TCV and AUG have shown that a fast decrease of plasma elongation and an adequate timing of the H-L transition during current ramp-down can help to avoid reaching high values of the plasma internal inductance. The RAPTOR code (F. Felici et al, 2012 PPCF 54; F. Felici, 2011 EPFL PhD thesis), developed for real-time plasma control, has been used for an optimization problem solving. Recently the transport model has been extended to include the ion temperature and electron density transport equations in addition to the electron temperature and current density transport equations, increasing the physical applications of the code. The gradient-based models for the transport coefficients (O. Sauter et al, 2014 PPCF 21; D. Kim et al, 2016 PPCF 58) have been implemented to RAPTOR and tested during this work. Simulations of the AUG and TCV entire plasma discharges will be presented.

157. Multi-machine analysis of termination scenarios with comparison to simulations of controlled shutdown of ITER discharges

Author

L. Zabeo, S.M. Wolfe, A. C. C. Sips, C.E. Kessel, Jinping Qian, Young-Soon Bae, D.A. Humphreys, Xianzu Gong, Francesca Poli, A. A. Kavin, S.H. Kim, Itpa Ios members, R.R. Khayrutdinov, I. Nunes, S.P. Gerhardt, Y. Gribov, Jet Contributors, A. Teplukhina, V.E. Lukash, M.-H. Woo, Matthew Reinke, Experts, Olivier Sauter, A. Loarte, T.C. Luce, I. Voitsekhovitch, Joseph Snipes, E. de la Luna, W. Treutterer, P. de Vries, J. Stober, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Department of Physics, Materials Physics, Alcator C-MOD Team, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, DIII-D Team, EAST Team, JET Contributors, KSTAR Team, NSTX-U Team, TCV Team, and ITPA IOS Members and Experts

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Shutdown, Nuclear engineering, education, Iter tokamak, Tokamak operation, Magnetic confinement fusion, Joint analysis, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma control, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Multi machine, Termination scenario, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, Electric current, 010306 general physics
Abstract

To improve our understanding of the dynamics and control of ITER terminations, a study has been carried out on data from existing tokamaks. The aim of this joint analysis is to compare the assumptions for ITER terminations with the present experience basis. The study examined the parameter ranges in which present day devices operated during their terminations, as well as the dynamics of these parameters. The analysis of a database, built using a selected set of experimental termination cases, showed that, the H-mode density decays slower than the plasma current ramp-down. The consequential increase in fGW limits the duration of the H-mode phase or result in disruptions. The lower temperatures after the drop out of H-mode will allow the plasma internal inductance to increase. But vertical stability control remains manageable in ITER at high internal inductance when accompanied by a strong elongation reduction. This will result in ITER terminations remaining longer at low q (q95 ~ 3) than most present-day devices during the current ramp-down. A fast power ramp-down leads to a larger change in βp at the H–L transition, but the experimental data showed that these are manageable for the ITER radial position control. The analysis of JET data shows that radiation and impurity levels significantly alter the H–L transition dynamics. Self-consistent calculations of the impurity content and resulting radiation should be taken into account when modelling ITER termination scenarios. The results from this analysis can be used to better prescribe the inputs for the detailed modelling and preparation of ITER termination scenarios DoE Awards DE-FC02-99ER54512 DoE Awards DE-AC02- 76CH03073 DoE Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 EURATOM 633053

158. Real-time model-based plasma state estimation, monitoring and integrated control in TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and ITER

Author

Felici F., T. Blanken, E. Maljaars, H. van den Brand, J. Citrin, D. Hogeweij, M. Scheffer, M.R. de Baar, M. Steinbuch, S. Coda, C. Galperti, J-M. Moret, O. Sauter, A.A. Teplukhina, N.M.T. Vu, R. Nouaillettas, O. Kudlacek, C. Piron, P. Piovesan, W.Treutterer, C.J.Rapson, L. Giannone, M. Willensdorfer, M. Reich, the TCV Team, the ASDEX-Upgrade Team, and the EUROFusion MST team

Subjects
real-time control, plasma
Abstract

To maintain a high-performance, long-duration tokamak plasma scenario, it is necessary to maintain desired profiles while respecting operational limits. This requires real-time estimation of the profiles, monitoring of their evolution with respect to predictions and known limits, and their active control to remain within the desired envelope. Model-based techniques are particularly suitable to tackle such problems due to the nonlinear nature of the processes and the tight coupling among the various physical variables. A suite of physics-based, control-oriented models for the core plasma proles in a tokamak is presented, with models formulated in such a way that powerful methods from the systems and control engineering community can be leveraged to design ancient algorithms. We report on new development and applications of these models for real-time reconstruction, monitoring and integrated control of plasma proles on TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and simulations for ITER.

159. Control of NTMs and integrated multi-actuator plasma control on TCV

Author

Kong, Mengdi, Blanken, Thomas, Felici, Federico, Galperti, Cristian, Maljaars, Bert, Sauter, Olivier, Vu, Ngoc Minh Trang, Carpanese, Francesco, Merle, Antoine, Moret, Jean-Marc, Pesamosca, Federico, Poli, Emanuele, Reich, Matthias, Teplukhina, Anna, The TCV team, and The EUROfusion MST1 team

Subjects
Modified Rutherford Equation (MRE), integrated control, NTM stabilization and prevention
Abstract

The control of 2/1 neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) with electron cyclotron (EC) waves has been studied both experimentally and numerically on TCV. Dynamic evolutions of NTMs along with time-varying deposition locations of the control beam have been studied in detail. The prevention of NTMs by means of preemptive EC (i.e. the control beam is switched on before the mode onset) has also been explored. A small sinusoidal sweeping with full amplitude of 0.07 (normalized to the minor radius) has been added to the control beam in two of the experiments to facilitate the comparison between NTM stabilization and prevention. It is shown that the prevention of NTMs is more efficient than NTM stabilization in terms of the minimum EC power required. Interpretative simulations with the Modified Rutherford Equation (MRE) have been performed to better quantify various effects, with coefficients well defined by dedicated experiments. Specifically, in order to obtain more insight on the dominant dependencies, a simple ad-hoc analytical model has been proposed to evaluate the time-varying classical stability index Δ' in the test discharges, based on the Δ'-triggered nature of these 2/1 NTMs. This allows simulating well the entire island width evolution with the MRE, starting from zero width and including both NTM stabilization and prevention cases for the first time. The exploration of NTM physics and control has facilitated the development of an NTM controller that is independent of the particular features of TCV and has been included in a generic plasma control system (PCS) framework. Integrated control of 2/1 NTMs, plasma β (the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure) and model-estimated safety factor q profiles has been demonstrated on TCV.

160. Validation of the ICRF antenna coupling code RAPLICASOL against TOPICA and experiments

Author

Tierens, W., Milanesio, D., Urbanczyk, G., Helou, W., Bobkov, V, Noterdaeme, J-M, Colas, L., Maggiora, R., Aguiam, D., Aho-Mantila, L., Angioni, C., Arden, N., Parra, R. Arredondo, Asunta, O., de Baar, M., Balden, M., Behler, K., Bergmann, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Biancalani, A., Bilato, R., Birkenmeier, G., Bock, A., Bogomolov, A., Bolzonella, T., Boeswirth, B., Bottereau, C., Bottino, A., van den Brand, H., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Bruhn, C., Buchanan, J., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Cambon-Silva, D., Camenen, Y., Carvalho, P., Carrasco, G., Cazzaniga, C., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Cavedon, M., Challis, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I, Clairet, F., Classen, I, Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Conway, G., Costea, S., Coster, D. P., Croci, G., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D'Arcangelo, O., Day, C., Delogu, R., de Marne, P., Denk, S., Denner, P., Dibon, M., D'Inca, R., Di Siena, A., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drube, R., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Eich, T., Elgeti, S., Engelhardt, K., Erdos, B., Erofeev, I, Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Felici, F., Fietz, S., Figueredo, A., Fischer, R., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Freethy, S., Froeschle, M., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, J. C., Fuenfgelder, H., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Cianfarani, C., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Gloeggler, S., Gobbin, M., Goerler, T., Goodman, T., Gorini, G., Gradic, D., Graeter, A., Granucci, G., Greuner, H., Griener, M., Groth, M., Gude, A., Guenter, S., Guimarais, L., Haas, G., Hakola, A. H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Hatch, D., Hauer, V, Hayward, T., Heinemann, B., Heinzel, S., Hellsten, T., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Herrmann, A., Heyn, E., Hitzler, F., Hobirk, J., Hoelzl, M., Hoeschen, T., Holm, J. H., Hopf, C., Hoppe, F., Horvath, L., Houben, A., Huber, A., Igochine, V, Ilkei, T., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacob, W., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquot, J., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Joffrin, E., Kaesemann, C., Kallenbach, A., Kalvin, S., Kantor, M., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Kasilov, S., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kimmig, S., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H-J, Koch, F., Kocsis, G., Koehn, A., Kraus, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kraemer-Flecken, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Laggner, F., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Lazanyi, N., Lazaros, A., Lebschy, A., Li, L., Li, M., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y., Lohs, A., Luhmann, N. C., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, J., Maier, H., Maj, O., Mailloux, J., Maljaars, E., Manas, P., Mancini, A., Manhard, A., Manso, M-E, Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Martens, C., Martin, P., Marrelli, L., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mayer, A., Mayer, M., Mazon, D., McCarthy, P. J., McDermott, R., Meisl, G., Meister, H., Medvedeva, A., Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Merle, A., Mertens, V, Meshcheriakov, D., Meyer, H., Meyer, O., Miettunen, J., Mink, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Moon, C., Nazikian, R., Nemes-Czopf, A., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrcil, T., Olsen, J., Orain, F., Palermo, F., Papp, G., Perez, I. Paradela, Pautasso, G., Enzel, F., Petersson, P., Pinzon, J., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plaum, B., Ploeckl, B., Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G., Poli, E., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Prisiazhniuk, D., Puetterich, T., Ramisch, M., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J., Raupp, G., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimold, F., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rittich, D., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V, Ross, A., Rott, M., Rubel, M., Ryan, D., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, G., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schmitz, O., Schneider, P. A., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sehmer, T., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shao, L., Sharapov, S., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simon, P., Simpson, J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stober, J., Stobbe, F., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suarez, G., Sugiyama, K., Sun, H-J, Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Terranova, D., Told, D., Tudisco, O., Trevisan, G., Treutterer, W., Trier, E., Tripsky, M., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Vanovac, B., Varela, P., Varoutis, S., Verdoolaege, G., Vezinet, D., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., von Toussaint, U., Wagner, D., Wang, N., Wang, X., Weidl, M., Weiland, M., White, A. E., Willensdorfer, M., Wiringer, B., Wischmeier, M., Wolf, R., Wolfrum, E., Xiang, L., Yang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, Q., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I, Zarzoso, D., Zhang, W., van Zeeland, M., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zoletnik, S., Zohm, H., Hakola, A., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Ahn, J., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Aledda, R., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Alves, D., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrebe, Y., Apruzzese, G., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arter, W., Baciero, A., Barnes, M., Barrera, L., Behn, R., Bencze, A., Bettini, P., Bilkova, P., Bin, W., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bluteau, M., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Boncagni, L., Botrugno, A., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bremond, S., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Caniello, R., Cannas, B., Canton, A., Cardinali, A., Carnevale, D., Castejon, F., Castro, R., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S., Chernyshova, M., Choi, D., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Corre, Y., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., De Angeli, M., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Decker, J., Delogu, R. S., Dendy, R., Di Troia, C., Dimitrova, M., Doric, V, Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Easy, L., Elmore, S., Fanni, A., Fedorczak, N., Ferreira, J., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fishpool, G., Fitzgerald, M., Fontana, M., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, C., Palumbo, M. Furno, Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galperti, C., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Lopez, J., Gardarein, J-L, Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gauthier, E., Geelen, P., Ghendrih, P., Ghezzi, F., Giacomelli, L., Giroud, C., Gonzalez, C. Gleason, Goodman, T. P., Gospodarczyk, M., Gruber, M., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J., Hacek, P., Hacquin, S., Hall, S., Harting, D., Havlickova, E., Heyn, M., Hnat, B., Holzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Honore, C., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Huang, Z., Igitkhanov, J., Imrisek, M., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Jacquet, P., Jakubowski, M., Busk, O. Jeppe Miki, Jessen, M., Jones, O., Jonsson, T., Kallinikos, N., Karpushov, A., Kasprowicz, G., Kendl, A., Kjer, S., Klimek, I, Kogut, D., Komm, M., Korsholm, S. B., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kovarik, K., Krawczyk, N., Krbec, J., Kube, R., Kudlacek, O., Labit, B., Laggner, F. M., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lalousis, P., Lang, P., Le, H. B., Leddy, J., Lefevre, L., Lehnen, M., Leipold, F., Lessig, A., Leyland, M., Liu, Y. Q., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Loewenhoff, T., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lupelli, I, Lux, H., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Magnussen, M. L., Maljaars, B., Malygin, A., Marchand, B., Marconato, N., Marini, C., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Martin, Y., Martin Solis, J. R., Mattei, M., Matthews, G., Mavridis, M., Mayoral, M-L, McCarthy, P., McAdams, R., McArdle, G., McClements, K., McMillan, B., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Molina, P., Monakhov, I, Morales, J., Moreau, D., Morel, P., Moret, J-M, Moro, A., Moulton, D., Mueller, H. W., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V, Nespoli, F., Nimb, S., Nouailletas, R., Omotani, J., O'Mullane, M. G., Osterman, N., Paccagnella, R., Pamela, S., Pangione, L., Panjan, M., Paprok, R., Parail, V, Parra, F. I., Pau, A., Pehkonen, S-P, Pereira, A., Cippo, E. Perelli, Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, Peterka, M., Petrzilka, V, Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pisokas, T., Pitts, R., Ploumistakis, I, Poljak, D., Poloskei, P., Popovic, Z., Por, G., Predebon, I, Preynas, M., Primc, G., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Rack, M., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Reimerdes, H., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Resnik, M., Reux, C., Ripamonti, D., Riva, G., Rosato, J., Sabot, R., Saint-Laurent, F., Samaddar, D., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, M., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Seidl, J., Sesnic, S., Shanahan, B., Sheikh, U., Sias, G., Fuglister, M. Silva, Spagnolo, S., Spizzo, G., Stange, T., Pedersen, M. Stejner, Stepanov, I, Strand, P., Susnjara, A., Tamain, P., Teplukhina, A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tolias, P., Tophoj, L., Trevisan, G. L., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Uccello, A., Urban, J., Vallejos, P., Vartanian, S., Vega, J., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vignitchouk, L., Vijvers, W. A. J., Villone, F., Viola, B., Vlahos, L., Voitsekhovitch, I, Vondracek, P., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weinzettl, V, Westerhof, E., Wiesenberger, M., Wodniak, I, Yadykin, D., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zestanakis, P., and Zuin, M.

Subjects
icrf, design, finite elements, simulation
Abstract

In this paper we validate the finite element code RAPLICASOL, which models radiofrequency wave propagation in edge plasmas near ICRF antennas, against calculations with the TOPICA code. We compare the output of both codes for the ASDEX Upgrade 2-strap antenna, and for a 4-strap WEST-like antenna. Although RAPLICASOL requires considerably fewer computational resources than TOPICA, we find that the predicted quantities of experimental interest (including reflection coefficients, coupling resistances, S- and Z-matrix entries, optimal matching settings, and even radiofrequency electric fields) are in good agreement provided we are careful to use the same geometry in both codes.

161. Investigation of Latent Periodicity Phenomenon in the Genomes of Eukaryotic Organisms

Author

M. B. Chaley, N. N. Nazipova, Vladimir Kutyrkin, G.E. Tyulbasheva, and E.I. Teplukhina

Subjects
Evolutionary biology, Applied Mathematics, Phenomenon, Biomedical Engineering, Biology, Genome
Abstract

Analysis of the data from the first release of HeteroGenome database, collecting the revealed regions of latent periodicity in the genomes of a number of eukaryotic organisms, is presented. Tandem repeats with different conservation of a pattern copies, including the highly diverged repeats, were identified in the genomes of S. cerevisiae, A. thaliana, C. elegans and D. melanogaster. The data were obtained with the help of original spectral-statistical approach to searching for the reliable regions of latent periodicity in DNA sequences. Introduction of the two-level structure for the data presentation (At the first, nonredundant level the regions of latent periodicity is generally viewed, at the second level only the fragments of conservative periodic structure are considered.) allowed to estimate a share of genome coverage by the regions of latent periodicity which counts ~10% of a whole genome length. The estimate is deduced according to the data of the first level. An analysis of quantitative and qualitative content (corresponding to the divergence levels) of the latent periodicity regions over all the chromosomes of the considered organisms revealed the characteristic types of periodicity in a genome of each organism. The histograms showing density distribution of the latent periodicity regions along every chromosome in the analyzed genomes were built. A repertoire of period lengths were revealed in the genomes. Moreover, HeteroGenome base offers some additional possibilities for its’ data analysis and is freely available at URL: http://www.jcbi.ru/lp_baze/.

162. Current ramps optimization study with the RAPTOR code

Author

Teplukhina, Anna, Sauter, Olivier, and Felici, Federico

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics
Abstract

Optimization of the plasma discharge is related to determination of the optimal time evolution of the plasma parameters to reach a specific plasma state taken into account certain physical and technical constraints. The set of plasma parameters which should be optimized consists of the parameters significantly changing the plasma state and can be defined from the different tokamak actuator inputs: plasma current, EC, NBI heating or current drive power, density, etc. In this work we carry out the optimization study of the current ramp down. Numerical optimization of this phase can prescribe evolution of the plasma parameters to terminate plasma as fast as possible and in the same time to avoid disruptions in the real experiments. The simulation is performed with the RAPTOR code. It is a light and fast transport code with a simplified transport model which includes transport equations for electron temperature and poloidal flux. However, this code was constructed assuming a fixed plasma equilibrium, whereas plasma geometry might change during ramp-down phase. Therefore RAPTOR has been extended to include time varying terms. In this way, time varying plasma geometry can be used in the optimization procedure and for example plasma elongation can be an additional parameter for the trajectory optimization. The results of the simulation with the extended transport model and optimization procedure of ramp-down phase of AUG-like plasma parameters are presented.

163. Langmuir probe electronics upgrade on the tokamak a configuration variable

Author

De Oliveira, H., Marmillod, P., Theiler, C., Chavan, R., Fevrier, O., Labit, B., Lavanchy, P., Marletaz, B., Pitts, R. A., Coda, S., Ahn, J., Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrebe, Y., Angioni, C., Ariola, M., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bolzonella, T., Bouquey, F., Braunmueller, F. H., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cesario, R., Chapman, I. T., Chellai, O., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Costea, S., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Decker, J., De Masi, G., De Tommasi, G., Douai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Galeani, S., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garrido, I., Geiger, B., Giovannozzi, E., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Guirlet, R., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Harrison, J., Hawke, J., Hennequin, P., Hnat, B., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J. -P., Honore, C., Hopf, C., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Schrittwieser, C. Ionita, Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kamleitner, J., Karpushov, A., Keeling, D. L., Kirneva, N., Kong, M., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kramer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Lazzaro, E., Le, H. B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Maget, P., Maljaars, E., Malygin, A., Maraschek, M., Marini, C., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mastrostefano, S., Maurizio, R., Mavridis, M., Mazon, D., McAdams, R., McDermott, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Cabrera, P. A. Molina, Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Naulin, V., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Odstrcil, T., Papp, G., Paprok, R., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pisokas, T., Porte, L., Preynas, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J. J., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reux, C., Ricci, P., Rittich, D., Riva, F., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Saint-Laurent, F., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlatter, C., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Sciortino, F., Sertoli, M., Sheikh, U., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Tamain, P., Teplukhina, A., Testa, D., Thornton, A., Tophoj, L., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Uccello, A., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, Geert, Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vijvers, W. A. J., Vlahos, L., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wischmeier, M., Zestanakis, P., and Zuin, M.

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Technology and Engineering, business.industry, Amplifier, Divertor, Electrical engineering, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Upgrade, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, Power semiconductor device, Electronics, Tokamak à configuration variable, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A detailed description of the Langmuir probe electronics upgrade for TCV (Tokamak a Configuration Variable) is presented. The number of amplifiers and corresponding electronics has been increased from 48 to 120 in order to simultaneously connect all of the 114 Langmuir probes currently mounted in the TCV divertor and main-wall tiles. Another set of 108 amplifiers is ready to be installed in order to connect 80 new probes, built in the frame of the TCV divertor upgrade. Technical details of the amplifier circuitry are discussed as well as improvements over the first generation of amplifiers developed at SPC (formerly CRPP) in 1993/1994 and over the second generation developed in 2012/2013. While the new amplifiers have been operated successfully for over a year, it was found that their silicon power transistors can be damaged during some off-normal plasma events. Possible solutions are discussed. (C) 2019 Author(s).

164. Overview of the TCV tokamak program:scientific progress and facility upgrades

Author

Coda, S., Ahn, Sj, Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrèbe, Y., Angioni, C., Ariola, M., Bernert, M., Beurskens, Mna Marc, Kaper, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, Tc Thomas, Boedo, J. A., Bolzonella, T., Bouquey, F., Braunmüller, F. H., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabrò, G., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cesario, R., Chapman, It, Chellai, O., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J. Jonathan, Costea, Stefan, Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Decker, J., Masi, G., Tommasi, G., Douai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, Bp, Eich, T., Elmore, S., Esposito, B., Michael Faitsch, Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, Faa Federico, Février, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Galeani, S., Gallo, A., Galperti, Christian, Garavaglia, S., Garrido, I., Geiger, B., Giovannozzi, E., Gobbin, M., Goodman, Tp, Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, Jp, Guirlet, R., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Harrison, Jl, Hawke, Jn Joshua, Hennequin, P., Hnat, B., Hogeweij, Gmd, Hogge, J-P, Honore, C., Hopf, C., Horáček, J., Huang, Zhouji, Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kamleitner, J., Karpushov, A., Keeling, D. L., Kirneva, N., Kong, Mg, Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Le, H. B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Maget, P., Maljaars, E. Bert, Malygin, Aa, Maraschek, M., Marini, C., Martin, Patricio San, Martin, Y., Mastrostefano, S., Maurizio, R., Mavridis, M., Mazon, D., Mcadams, R., Mcdermott, Rm, Merle, A., Meyer, H., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Moret, J-M, Moro, A., Moulton, D., Naulin, V., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, Anders Henry, Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Odstrčil, T., Papp, G., Papřok, R., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pisokas, T., Porte, L., Preynas, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reux, C., Ricci, P., Rittich, D., Riva, F., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Saint-Laurent, F., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlatter, Ch, Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Sciortino, F., Sertoli, M., Sheikh, U., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Tamain, P., Teplukhina, A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tophøj, L., Tran, Mq, Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Uccello, A., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, Kha Kevin, Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vijvers, Waj Wouter, Vlahos, L., Vu, Nmt, Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wischmeier, M., Zestanakis, P., and Zuin, M.

165. Simulation of the plasma profiles evolution for a tokamak discharge including time varying geometry

Author

Teplukhina, Anna, Sauter, Olivier, and Felici, Federico

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract

Applications of the RApid Plasma Transport simulatOR (RAPTOR) for the simulation of the plasma tokamak parameters evolution are presented. The RAPTOR transport model has been extended by time varying terms and verified via comparisons with ASTRA simulation results. The possibilities for plasma trajectories optimization with the RAPTOR code are demonstrated in case of the time varying geometry of the plasma discharges including current ramp phases.

166. Multi-machine analysis of termination scenarios, providing the specifications for controlled shutdown of ITER discharges

Author

Vries, P. C., Luce, T. C., Bae, Y. S., Gerhardt, S., Gong, X., Gribov, Y., Humphreys, D., Kavin, A., Khayrutdinov, R. R., Kessel, C., Kim, S. H., Loarte, A., Lukash, V. E., La Luna, E., Nunes, I., francesca poli, Qian, J., Reinke, M., Sauter, O., Sips, A. C. C., Snipes, J. A., Stober, J., Treutterer, W., Teplukhina, A. A., Voitsekhovitch, I., Woo, M. H., Wolfe, S., Zabeo, L., Alcator C-MOD Team, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, DIII-D Team, EAST Team, JET Contributors, KSTAR Team, NSTX-U Team, TCV Team, and ITPA IOS Members and Experts

169. Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium–tritium operation with the ITER like-wall

Author

Joffrin, E., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K.M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sundén, E., Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baião, D., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V.K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y.F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Barrera Orte, L., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P.S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, É., Benayas, J., Bergsåker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bílková, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J.P.S., Björkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T.R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S.C., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brennan, D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Brosławski, A., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Bruno, E., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Bucolo, M., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Burroughes, G., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Butler, B., Bykov, I., Cahyna, P., Calabrò, G., Calacci, L., Callaghan, D., Callaghan, J., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D.C., Cannas, B., Capat, A., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B.B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Carvalho, D.D., Casson, F.J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Challis, C.D., Chandra, D., Chang, C.S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I.T., Chapman, B., Chapman, S.C., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chitarin, G., Chmielewski, P., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, M., Clark, E., Clarkson, R., Clay, R., Clements, C., Coad, J.P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J.W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Colling, B., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, S.R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombé, K., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curson, P., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Cziegler, I., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., David, P., Davies, A., Davis, W., Dawson, K., Day, I., Day, C., De Bock, M., De Castro, A., De Dominici, G., De La Cal, E., De La Luna, E., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Demerdzhiev, V., Dempsey, A., Den Harder, N., Dendy, R.O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickinson, D., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerk, H., Doerner, R.P., Domptail, F., Donné, T., Dorling, S.E., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Ďuran, I., Durodié, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B.P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Edappala, P.V., Edwards, A.M., Edwards, J.S., Eich, Th., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Ellis, R., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Emery, S., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L.G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A.L., Esser, H.G., Ewart, G., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinić, S., Felici, F., Felton, R.C., Feng, S., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, D.R., Ferrò, G., Fessey, J.A., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, J., Figueiredo, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J.M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fransson, E., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridström, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gál, K., Galassi, D., Gałązka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvão, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., García-Muñoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J.C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, K., Giegerich, T., Gil, L., Gilbert, M.R., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glöggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Görler, T., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graves, J.P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Guérard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gulati, S., Gurl, C., Gutierrez-Milla, A., Utoh, H.H., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C., Hamed, M., Hamilton, N., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Hancu, G., Harrison, J., Harting, 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Subjects
13. Climate action, JET, tritium, fusion power, isotope, 7. Clean energy
Abstract

For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D–T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D–T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D–T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D–T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D–T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D–T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the threeions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfvèn eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems…) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D–T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D–T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.

170. Recurrence Plots for Dynamic Analysis of Type-I ELMs at JET With a Carbon Wall

Author

Cannas, Barbara, Fanni, Alessandra, Murari, Andrea, Pisano, Fabio, Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curson, P., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Cziegler, I, Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., David, P., Davies, A., Davis, W., Dawson, K., Day, I, Day, C., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., De Dominici, G., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Demerdzhiev, V, Dempsey, A., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickinson, D., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Domptail, F., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I, Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Edappala, P. V., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J. S., Eich, Th, Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Ellis, R., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Emery, S., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Esser, H. G., Ewart, G., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinic, S., Felici, F., Felton, R. C., Feng, S., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferro, G., Fessey, J. A., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, J., Figueiredo, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fransson, E., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V, Fusco, V, Futatani, S., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, K., Giegerich, T., Gil, L., Gilbert, M. R., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gloeggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'ko, V, Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goerler, T., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graves, J. 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D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Howell, R., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V, Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hughes, J., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Igaune, I., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I, Jepu, I, Johnson, T., Johnson, R., Johnston, J., Joita, L., Joly, J., Jonasson, E., Jones, T., Jones, C., Jones, L., Jones, G., Jones, N., Juvonen, M., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalsey, M., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D. L., Keenan, F. P., Kempenaars, M., Kent, O., Kent, J., Keogh, K., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H-T, Kim, H. T., King, R., King, D., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V, Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knipe, S., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I, Koechl, F., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kollo, Z., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Korolczuk, S., Kos, B., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kovaldins, R., Kovanda, O., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I, Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lalousis, P., Lam, N., Lamb, C., Lambertz, H. T., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Neto, E. Lascas, Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leach, R., Learoyd, G., Leerink, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. 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R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I, O'Gorman, T., O'Mullane, M., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., Okabayashi, M., Oliver, H., Olney, R., Omoregie, L., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Owen, A., Owen, T., Paccagnella, R., Packer, L. W., Pajuste, E., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Papp, G., Parail, V, Pardanaud, C., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsloe, A., Parsons, N., Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pehkonen, S-P, Peluso, E., Penot, C., Penzo, J., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Cippo, E. Perelli, von Thun, C. Perez, Pericoli, V, Peruzzo, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Pigatto, L., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., de Sa, W. Pires, dos Reis, A. 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G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V, Romanelli, M., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Saez, X., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Saibene, G., Saleem, M., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schluck, F., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schoepf, K., Schweinzer, J., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shiraki, D., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, J., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silvagni, D., Simmons, P., Simpson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Skvara, V, Slade, B., Smith, R., Smith, P., Smith, S. F., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Sparapani, P., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Stables, G., Stallard, J., Stamatelatos, I, Stamp, M. F., Stan-Sion, C., Stancar, Z., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stano, M., Stavrou, C., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I, Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stephens, J., Stevens, B., Stober, J., Stokes, C., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Suchkov, E., Summers, H. P., Sun, H., Sutton, N., Svensson, J., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. 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S., Zakharov, L., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zarins, R., Fernandez, D. Zarzoso, Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zocco, A., Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S., Zwingmann, W., and Zychor, I

Subjects
search, Physics::Plasma Physics, edge-localized modes, time-series, chaos, intermittency, edge-localized modes (elm), tcv, elm modeling, recurrence plots (rps), cascade
Abstract

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of type-I edge-localized modes (ELM) time series from the JET tokamak, the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment, have been investigated through recurrence plots (RPs). The analysis has been focused on RPs of pedestal temperature, line averaged electron density, and outer divertor D-alpha time series during experiments with a carbon wall. The analysis of RPS shows the patterns similar to those characteristics of signals exhibiting type-2 intermittency, in particular, a characteristic kite-like shape; this gives useful hints to model the temperature signal as well as the D-alpha radiation time series, with simple nonlinear maps capturing the nearly periodic behavior of type-I ELMs.

171. A Variable Structure Control Scheme Proposal for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable

Author

Marco, Aitor, Garrido, Aitor J., Coda, Stefano, Garrido, Izaskun, Ahn, J., Albanese, R., Alessi, E., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrebe, Y., Angioni, C., Ariola, M., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bolzonella, T., Bouquey, F., Braunmueller, F. H., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cesario, R., Chapman, I. T., Chellai, O., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Costea, S., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Decker, J., De Masi, G., De Tommasi, G., Douai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Galeani, S., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garrido, I., Geiger, B., Giovannozzi, E., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Guirlet, R., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Harrison, J., Hawke, J., Hennequin, P., Hnat, B., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J. -Ph., Honore, C., Hopf, C., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Schrittwieser, C. Ionita, Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kamleitner, J., Karpushov, A., Keeling, D. L., Kirneva, N., Kong, M., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kramer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Le, H. B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Maget, P., Maljaars, E., Malygin, A., Maraschek, M., Marini, C., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mastrostefano, S., Maurizio, R., Mavridis, M., Mazon, D., McAdams, R., McDermott, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Cabrera, P. A. Molina, Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Naulin, V., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Odstrcil, T., Papp, G., Paprok, R., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pisokas, T., Porte, L., Preynas, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reux, C., Ricci, P., Rittich, D., Riva, F., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Saint-Laurent, F., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlatter, Ch., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Sciortino, F., Sertoli, M., Sheikh, U., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Tamain, P., Teplukhina, A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tophoj, L., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Uccello, A., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vijvers, W. A. J., Vlahos, L., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wischmeier, M., Zestanakis, P., and Zuin, M.

Subjects
control-system, real-time control
Abstract

Fusion power is the most significant prospects in the long-term future of energy in the sense that it composes a potentially clean, cheap, and unlimited power source that would substitute the widespread traditional nonrenewable energies, reducing the geographical dependence on their sources as well as avoiding collateral environmental impacts. Although the nuclear fusion research started in the earlier part of 20th century and the fusion reactors have been developed since the 1950s, the fusion reaction processes achieved have not yet obtained net power, since the generated plasma requires more energy to achieve and remain in necessary particular pressure and temperature conditions than the produced profitable energy. For this purpose, the plasma has to be confined inside a vacuum vessel, as it is the case of the Tokamak reactor, which consists of a device that generates magnetic fields within a toroidal chamber, being one of the most promising solutions nowadays. However, the Tokamak reactors still have several issues such as the presence of plasma instabilities that provokes a decay of the fusion reaction and, consequently, a reduction in the pulse duration. In this sense, since long pulse reactions are the key to produce net power, the use of robust and fast controllers arises as a useful tool to deal with the unpredictability and the small time constant of the plasma behavior. In this context, this article focuses on the application of robust control laws to improve the controllability of the plasma current, a crucial parameter during the plasma heating and confinement processes. In particular, a variable structure control scheme based on sliding surfaces, namely, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is presented and applied to the plasma current control problem. In order to test the validity and goodness of the proposed controller, its behavior is compared to that of the traditional PID schemes applied in these systems, using the RZIp model for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable (TCV) reactor. The obtained results are very promising, leading to consider this controller as a strong candidate to enhance the performance of the PID-based controllers usually employed in this kind of systems.

172. Control of NTMs and integrated multi-actuator control on TCV

Author

Kong, Mengdi, Blanken, Thomas, Carpanese, Francesco, Felici, Federico, Galperti, Cristian, Maljaars, Bert, Merle, Antoine, Moret, Jean-Marc, Pesamosca, Federico, Poli, Emanuele, Reich, Matthias, Sauter, Olivier, Teplukhina, Anna, Vu, Ngoc Minh Trang, the TCV team, and the EUROfusion MST1 team

173. Real-time plasma profile state reconstruction on ASDEX-Upgrade

Author

Felici, F., Rapson, C., Treutterer, W., Giannone, L., Maljaars, E., Brand, H., Reich, M., Sauter, O., Teplukhina, A., Kim, D., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Barrera, L., Willensdorfer, M., Bock, A., Fable, E., Geiger, B., Tardini, G., Control Systems Technology, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, and EUROfusion MST1 Team

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING

174. Sliding Surface Based Schemes for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable

Author

Marco, Aitor, Garrido, Izaskun, Garrido, Aitor J., Coda, Stefano, Coda, S., Ahn, J., Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrebe, Y., Angioni, C., Ariola, M., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bolzonella, T., Bouquey, F., Braunmueller, F. H., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cesario, R., Chapman, I. T., Chellai, O., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Costea, S., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Decker, J., Masi, G., Tommasi, G., Douai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Galeani, S., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garrido, I., Geiger, B., Giovannozzi, E., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Guirlet, R., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Harrison, J., Hawke, J., Hennequin, P., Hnat, B., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J-Ph, Honore, C., Hopf, C., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Schrittwieser, C. Ionita, Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardine, A., Kamleitner, J., Karpushov, A., Keeling, D. L., Kirneva, N., Kong, M., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kraemer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Le, H. B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Maget, P., Maljaars, E., Malygin, A., Maraschek, M., Marini, C., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mastrostefano, S., Maurizio, R., Mavridis, M., Mazon, D., Mcadams, R., Mcdermott, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Cabrera, P. A. Molina, Moret, J-M, Moro, A., Moulton, D., Naulin, V., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Tomas Odstrcil, Papp, G., Paprok, R., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pisokas, T., Porte, L., Preynas, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reux, C., Ricci, P., Rittich, D., Riva, F., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Saint-Laurent, F., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlatter, Ch, Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Sciortino, F., Sertoli, M., Sheikh, U., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Tamain, P., Teplukhina, A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tophoj, L., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Uccello, A., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vijvers, W. A. J., Vlahos, L., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wischmeier, M., Zestanakis, P., and Zuin, M.

Subjects
sliding mode, pid, tcv, supertwisting, tokamak, current, plasma
Abstract

Fusion power may be seen as the energy of the future in the sense that it composes a potentially clean, cheap and unlimited power source that would reduce the worldwide dependency on non-renewable energies. Nevertheless, while nowadays the fusion reaction process itself has been achieved, significant net power has not yet been obtained, since the generated plasma needs to remain in particular pressure and temperature conditions. For this purpose, the plasma has to be confined. To do so, one of the solutions is to use a fusion reactor device that creates magnetic fields in a toroidal chamber, called Tokamak reactor. The main issue of Tokamak reactors is the presence of plasma instabilities, which provoke the fusion reaction decay and, in consequence, a reduction in the pulse duration. To maintain this pulse duration as long as possible, the use of robust and fast controllers is mandatory due to the unpredictability and the small time constant of the plasma behavior. In this context, this article focuses on improving the controllability of the plasma current, a relevant control variable, crucial during the plasma heating and confinement processes. In particular, two new robust control schemes based on sliding surfaces, namely, a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) and a Supertwisting Controller (STC) are presented and applied to the plasma current control problem. In order to test the validity and goodness of the proposed controllers, their behavior is compared to that of the traditional PID schemes applied in these systems, using the RZIp model for the TCV (Tokamak a Configuration Variable) reactor. The obtained results are very promising, leading to consider these controllers as strong candidates to improve the performance of the PID-based controllers usually employed in this kind of systems.

175. Multi-machine analysis of termination scenarios, providing the specifications for controlled shutdown of ITER discharges

Author

de Vries, P.C., Luce, T.C., Bae, Y.S, Gerhardt, S., Gong, X., Gribov, Y., Humphreys, D., Kavin, A., Khayrutdinov, R., Kessel, C., Kim, S.H, Loarte, A., Lukash, V., de la Luna, E., Nunes, I., Poli, F., Qian, J., Sauter, Olivier, Sips, A.C.C., Snipes, J.A., Stober, J., Treutterer, W., Teplukhina, Anna, Voitsekhovitch, I., Woo, M.H., Wolfe, S., Zabeo, L., the Alcator C-MOD team, the ASDEX Upgrade team, the DIII-D team, the EAST team, JET contributors, the KSTAR team, the NSTX-U team, the TCV team, and ITPA IOS members

Subjects
tokamak plasma, termination scenario
Abstract

The task is to show that the specific ITER design features allow a stable well-controlled termination. This is a joint effort in control, exception handling development and physics modelling. Relevant for ITER is to maintain vertical, radial position, and shape control during the termination, especially at the time of the relatively fast H-L transition. The analysis of a database, built using a selected set of experimental termination cases, is performed.

176. Profile control simulations and experiments on TCV: a controller test environment and results using a model-based predictive controller

Author

Maljaars, E., Felici, F., Blanken, T. C., Galperti, C., Sauter, O., De Baar, M. R., Carpanese, F., Goodman, T. P., Kim, D., Kim, S. H., Kong, M., Mavkov, B., Merle, A., Moret, J. M., Nouailletas, R., Scheffer, M., Teplukhina, A. A., Vu, N. M. T., EUROfusion MST1-team, and TCV-team

Subjects
tokamak transport, model predictive control, plasma profiles, TCV, profile control
Abstract

The successful performance of a model predictive profile controller is demonstrated in simulations and experiments on the TCV tokamak, employing a profile controller test environment. Stable high-performance tokamak operation in hybrid and advanced plasma scenarios requires control over the safety factor profile (q-profile) and kinetic plasma parameters such as the plasma beta. This demands to establish reliable profile control routines in presently operational tokamaks. We present a model predictive profile controller that controls the q-profile and plasma beta using power requests to two clusters of gyrotrons and the plasma current request. The performance of the controller is analyzed in both simulation and TCV L-mode discharges where successful tracking of the estimated inverse q-profile as well as plasma beta is demonstrated under uncertain plasma conditions and the presence of disturbances. The controller exploits the knowledge of the time-varying actuator limits in the actuator input calculation itself such that fast transitions between targets are achieved without overshoot. A software environment is employed to prepare and test this and three other profile controllers in parallel in simulations and experiments on TCV. This set of tools includes the rapid plasma transport simulator RAPTOR and various algorithms to reconstruct the plasma equilibrium and plasma profiles by merging the available measurements with model-based predictions. In this work the estimated q-profile is merely based on RAPTOR model predictions due to the absence of internal current density measurements in TCV. These results encourage to further exploit model predictive profile control in experiments on TCV and other (future) tokamaks.

177. Real-time-capable prediction of temperature and density profiles in a tokamak using RAPTOR and a first-principle-based transport model.

Author

F. Felici, J. Citrin, A.a. Teplukhina, J. Redondo, C. Bourdelle, F. Imbeaux, O. Sauter, Contributors, Jet, and Team, The Eurofusion Mst1

Subjects
TOKAMAKS, PLASMA simulation, ELECTRON temperature, NEURAL computers, EMULATION software
Abstract

The RAPTOR code is a control-oriented core plasma profile simulator with various applications in control design and verification, discharge optimization and real-time plasma simulation. To date, RAPTOR was capable of simulating the evolution of poloidal flux and electron temperature using empirical transport models, and required the user to input assumptions on the other profiles and plasma parameters. We present an extension of the code to simulate the temperature evolution of both ions and electrons, as well as the particle density transport. A proof-of-principle neural-network emulation of the quasilinear gyrokinetic QuaLiKiz transport model is coupled to RAPTOR for the calculation of first-principle-based heat and particle turbulent transport. These extended capabilities are demonstrated in a simulation of a JET discharge. The multi-channel simulation requires  ∼0.2 s to simulate 1 second of a JET plasma, corresponding to  ∼20 energy confinement times, while predicting experimental profiles within the limits of the transport model. The transport model requires no external inputs except for the boundary condition at the top of the H-mode pedestal. This marks the first time that simultaneous, accurate predictions of Te, Ti and ne have been obtained using a first-principle-based transport code that can run in faster-than-real-time for present-day tokamaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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178. Simulation of profile evolution from ramp-up to ramp-down and optimization of tokamak plasma termination with the RAPTOR code.

Author

A A Teplukhina, O Sauter, F Felici, A Merle, D Kim, Team, the T. C. V., Team, the ASDEX Upgrade, and Team, the EUROfusion MST1

Subjects
*PLASMA physics, *TOKAMAKS, *ELECTRON temperature, *SIMULATION methods & models, *PLASMA equilibrium
Abstract

The present work demonstrates the capabilities of the transport code RAPTOR as a fast and reliable simulator of plasma profiles for the entire plasma discharge, i.e. from ramp-up to ramp-down. This code focuses, at this stage, on the simulation of electron temperature and poloidal flux profiles using prescribed equilibrium and some kinetic profiles. In this work we extend the RAPTOR transport model to include a time-varying plasma equilibrium geometry and verify the changes via comparison with ATSRA code simulations. In addition a new ad hoc transport model based on constant gradients and suitable for simulations of L–H and H–L mode transitions has been incorporated into the RAPTOR code and validated with rapid simulations of the time evolution of the safety factor and the electron temperature over the entire AUG and TCV discharges. An optimization procedure for the plasma termination phase has also been developed during this work. We define the goal of the optimization as ramping down the plasma current as fast as possible while avoiding any disruptions caused by reaching physical or technical limits. Our numerical study of this problem shows that a fast decrease of plasma elongation during current ramp-down can help in reducing plasma internal inductance. An early transition from H- to L-mode allows us to reduce the drop in poloidal beta, which is also important for plasma MHD stability and control. This work shows how these complex nonlinear interactions can be optimized automatically using relevant cost functions and constraints. Preliminary experimental results for TCV are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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179. Profile control simulations and experiments on TCV: a controller test environment and results using a model-based predictive controller.

Author

E. Maljaars, F. Felici, T.C. Blanken, C. Galperti, O. Sauter, M.R. de Baar, F. Carpanese, T.P. Goodman, D. Kim, S.H. Kim, M. Kong, B. Mavkov, A. Merle, J.M. Moret, R. Nouailletas, M. Scheffer, A.A. Teplukhina, N.M.T. Vu, MST1-team, The EUROfusion, and TCV-team, The

Subjects
TOKAMAKS, PREDICTIVE control systems, GYROTRONS, PLASMA currents, TIME-varying systems
Abstract

The successful performance of a model predictive profile controller is demonstrated in simulations and experiments on the TCV tokamak, employing a profile controller test environment. Stable high-performance tokamak operation in hybrid and advanced plasma scenarios requires control over the safety factor profile (q-profile) and kinetic plasma parameters such as the plasma beta. This demands to establish reliable profile control routines in presently operational tokamaks. We present a model predictive profile controller that controls the q-profile and plasma beta using power requests to two clusters of gyrotrons and the plasma current request. The performance of the controller is analyzed in both simulation and TCV L-mode discharges where successful tracking of the estimated inverse q-profile as well as plasma beta is demonstrated under uncertain plasma conditions and the presence of disturbances. The controller exploits the knowledge of the time-varying actuator limits in the actuator input calculation itself such that fast transitions between targets are achieved without overshoot. A software environment is employed to prepare and test this and three other profile controllers in parallel in simulations and experiments on TCV. This set of tools includes the rapid plasma transport simulator RAPTOR and various algorithms to reconstruct the plasma equilibrium and plasma profiles by merging the available measurements with model-based predictions. In this work the estimated q-profile is merely based on RAPTOR model predictions due to the absence of internal current density measurements in TCV. These results encourage to further exploit model predictive profile control in experiments on TCV and other (future) tokamaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

180. Deep neural networks for plasma tomography with applications to JET and COMPASS

Author

J. Denis, M. Tardocchi, Kiptily, M. Koubiti, M. Ghate, R. Michling, G. De Masi, T. Tala, M. Bassan, R. McAdams, S. Dowson, Antoine Merle, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, S. Mahesan, P. Sparapani, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, M. Vecsei, Michal Stano, E. Lerche, Štefan Matejčík, Piergiorgio Sonato, S. D. Pinches, A. Dal Molin, O. McCormack, B. Colling, F. Mink, Ph. Mertens, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, Alessandro Zocco, K. Rathod, S. Collins, F. Koechl, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Francesco Maviglia, E. Stefanikova, David Taylor, B. Graham, T. Lunt, S. Meshchaninov, Arturo Buscarino, G. L. Ravera, Maide Bucolo, J. P. Thomas, S. Foley, B. Wakeling, N. Ashikawa, D. W. Robson, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Stefan Buller, Sergey Popovichev, M. Saleem, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, M. Wheatley, Gabriele Croci, Hugo Bufferand, J.F. Artaud, R. C. Felton, O. Kovanda, D. Hepple, K. Dylst, Gabor Szepesi, M. Oberkofler, G.J. van Rooij, N. Teplova, Istvan Cziegler, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, Y. Xue, D. Nina, J. Bernardo, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, R. Scannell, N. C. Hawkes, P. Denner, Istvan Pusztai, D. D. Carvalho, Salvatore Ventre, A. Lescinskis, Afanasev, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Panagiotis Tolias, R. Vale, T. O'Gorman, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, Karol Malinowski, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Massimo Angelone, Michaele Freisinger, I. Monakhov, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, Sehyun Kwak, J. Regana, Rohde, T. Eich, A. Alkseev, R. Lawless, C. G. Elsmore, Fusco, S. Hacquin, S. A. Silburn, A. Fernades, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, R. Sartori, Yuji Hatano, D. Borodin, L. Colas, Daniele Marocco, M. Lennholm, Carlo Sozzi, J. J. Rasmussen, P. McCullen, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, Thomas Johnson, M. Rack, Göran Ericsson, Hans Nordman, Jakub Bielecki, P. Merriman, M. Cavedon, G. Hermon, Geert Verdoolaege, K. J. Gibson, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, Fuchs, M. Tomes, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, W. Higginson, Daniel F. Valcarcel, R. Mooney, K. Dawson, A. Tallargio, T.H. Osborne, P. J. Carvalho, M. Gethins, R. Dux, Pierre Dumortier, G. Urbanczyk, Inessa Bolshakova, R. King, B. Tal, Daniel Tegnered, J. W. Coenen, Leena Aho-Mantila, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, Grégoire Hornung, G. Tvalashvili, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, G. De Tommasi, A. Urban, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, J. Dobrashian, E. Clark, Paolo Arena, Alessia Santucci, Ivan Lupelli, S. Nowak, M. Curuia, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Claudio Verona, Zoita, S. Moon, C. Castaldo, A.V. Stephen, Karl Schmid, A. Sahlberg, C. Di Troia, R. Woodley, L. Garzotti, D. Sandiford, Matthew M. Knight, Juho Leppänen, S. Emery, O. G. Pompilian, M. Goniche, C. Luna, M. Mayer, M. Baruzzo, A. Weckmann, M. Kempenaars, S. Hazel, Fabio Pisano, Claudia Corradino, A. G. Meigs, P. Leichauer, S. Potzel, Stéphane Devaux, C. Piron, G. Saibene, David A Rasmussen, Bruce Lipschultz, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, J. Deane, C. Meadowcroft, C. J. Rapson, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Tom Wauters, F. Nabais, T. Goerler, D. Brunetti, R. Ellis, David Moulton, L. Jones, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, Luciano Bertalot, G. Burroughes, B. Kos, Laurent Marot, Daniel Primetzhofer, I Miron, N. Lam, F. Napoli, S. Rowe, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, R.P. Doerner, D. Silvagni, C. Guillemaut, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, Matthew Carr, A. Dempsey, Jorge Morales, Pramit Dutta, J. L. Herfindal, S. Maruyama, P. Camp, X. Lefebvre, Ye. O. Kazakov, Andrea G. Chiariello, Gabriele Manduchi, Andre Neto, T. Powell, J. Griffiths, José Vicente, C. Barcellona, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, L. Xiang, Dirk Reiser, H. Bergsåker, I. Duran, G. Giacometti, M. Kalsey, David Tskhakaya, A. Martin de Aguilera, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, I. Uytdenhouwen, S. Soare, Giuseppe Prestopino, L. Chôné, W. Davis, G. De Temmerman, Basiuk, G. Learoyd, C. Guerard, A. Klix, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, A. Burckhart, W. Leysen, Jochen Linke, M. Oberparleiter, A. Murari, M. Sertoli, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, G. T. A. Huijsmans, Hajime Urano, Justine M. Kent, A. Kallenbach, D. Fagan, D. S. Darrow, Benedikt Geiger, A. Wynn, X. Sáez, B. Beckett, Horacio Fernandes, G. Ferro, B. Alper, George Wilkie, A. Uccello, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, Petrzilka, Fulvio Auriemma, D. Guard, A. Ho, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, D. Butcher, Ph. Maquet, C. Crapper, S. Murphy, C. Ham, D. Brennan, S. Knott, Krasilnikov, D. Kogut, Cédric Pardanaud, K. Galazka, Nicolò Marconato, Daniele Bonfiglio, M. Sos, E. Militello-Asp, Nesenevich, Sean Conroy, S. Hall, L. F. Ruchko, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, I. S. Nedzelskiy, Eva Macusova, E. Andersson Sundén, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, R. Rodionov, M. Marin, A. P. Vadgama, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, R. Neu, J. Orszagh, L. Gil, Riccardo Maggiora, M. Peterka, P. Devynck, M. Price, J. Likonen, Andrew M. Edwards, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, Andrea Malizia, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, B. Lloyd, P. Vincenzi, A. Mauriya, A. Garcia-Carrasco, Z. Stancar, D. B. Gin, Gediminas Stankunas, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, A. Goodyear, M. Lungaroni, M. Gardener, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, E. Ivings, Marek Rubel, L. Calacci, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Afzal, M. Gherendi, D. Schworer, C. Watts, A. M. Messiaen, E. Safi, P. David, A. Petre, J. Uljanovs, U. von Toussaint, H. Greuner, D. Del Sarto, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, R. Bilato, M. Enachescu, P. Monaghan, M. S. J. Rainford, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Hiroyasu Utoh, B. P. Duval, L. Hackett, M. Halitovs, G. De Dominici, B. Lomanowski, P. Cahyna, Aslanyan, T. May-Smith, M. Richiusa, A. Goussarov, M. Okabayashi, R. Howell, T. Tadic, M. E. Manso, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, Wayne Arter, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, A. Teplukhina, Marica Rebai, R. Andrews, C. H. A. Hogben, M. Klas, A. E. Shevelev, J. McKehon, F. Reimold, Enrico Zilli, R. Maingi, M.F. Stamp, A. Rakha, H. T. Kim, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, A. Somers, I. Igaune, E. Laszynska, S. Saarelma, A. Cullen, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, D. Nodwell, S. Griph, T. Donne, T. Boyce, M. Tyshchenko, Paulo Carvalho, Elena Bruno, Ion E. Stamatelatos, A. Patel, E. de la Luna, F. Causa, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, F. Belli, N. Jones, B. Bauvir, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, Y. Zhou, J. Simpson, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, Alberto Milocco, Benjamin P. Brown, F.G. Rimini, C. Lamb, V. Thompson, E. Alessi, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, J. Moran, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, M. Weiszflog, Annette M. Hynes, Gennady Sergienko, J. Lönnroth, T. C. Hender, M.-L. Mayoral, Mattia Frasca, R. Coelho, J-J Honore, A. Jackson, A. Sirinelli, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, F. P. Keenan, H. J. Boyer, Elisabeth Rachlew, T. Szabolics, J. Ongena, Braic, Sandra C. Chapman, Anders Nielsen, John E. Marsh, J. Jansons, S. Gloeggler, Nengchao Wang, Naulin, M. Porton, D. Falie, P. Welch, G. T. Jones, N. Fil, M. Vincent, U. Kruezi, R. Pereira, L. Horvath, M. F. F. Nave, Lorella Carraro, N. Fonnesu, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, G. M. D. Hogeweij, K. Krieger, P. Card, G. Poulipoulis, W. Studholme, Didier Mazon, T. Odupitan, D. Young, F. J. Casson, N. Muthusonai, I. Jepu, Olivier Sauter, Dimitri Voltolina, Sara Carcangiu, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, D. Tskhakaya Jun, O. Bogar, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, E. Cecil, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, F. Schluck, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Jan Mlynar, H. J. C. Oliver, M. Marinucci, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, M. Dreval, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, C. P. Lungu, Marco Ariola, S. Breton, Christopher N. Bowman, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, I. Stepanov, D. Sprada, J. Zacks, G. Ramogida, E. Wolfrum, N.W. Eidietis, A. Pires dos Reis, Barbara Cannas, Robert E. Grove, A. Huber, Giuliana Sias, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, M. Berry, P. Huynh, R. Kovaldins, R. Bastow, Darren Price, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, N. Aiba, Plyusnin, Ion Tiseanu, James Williams, M. Beckers, M. Weiland, S.N. Gerasimov, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, T. Xu, L. Joita, N. Reid, D. Zarzoso Fernandez, D. I. Refy, Jerry Hughes, Clarisse Bourdelle, J. E. Boom, G. Hancu, K. M. Aggarwal, F. Crisanti, M. Poradziński, A. Loarte, P. Vallejos Olivares, T. Mrowetz, Teddy Craciunescu, R. Guirlet, M. Valentinuzzi, J. Stephens, J. Stober, Michael Barnes, Isabel L. Nunes, Mario Pillon, P. Batistoni, G. Verona Rinati, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, R. Olney, Jari Varje, B. Butler, A. Mariani, M. Hamed, Skvara, C. Terry, Larisa Baumane, T. Alarcon, Mike Kotschenreuther, T. M. Biewer, O. Hemming, N. Marcenko, Z. Kollo, B. Slade, J. Garcia, T. R. Blackman, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, S. Ng, P. Siren, K. G. McClements, Rita Lorenzini, Y. Yakovenko, Lorenzo Frassinetti, J. Hawes, A. Kirk, C. Noble, Nicola Bonanomi, Y. Martynova, A.E. Shumack, F. Di Maio, H. R. Koslowski, N. Pomaro, G. Nemtsev, M. I. K. Santala, Richard George, E. Giovannozzi, T. Giegerich, C. Woodley, G. Pucella, D. Hopley, P.J. Knight, Michela Gelfusa, Francesca Poli, G. Petravich, G. Kocsis, S. Lanthaler, J. A. Wilson, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, Mike Dunne, H. Betar, W. Pires de Sa, Stjepko Fazinić, M. Nocente, G. Birkenmeier, L. Avotina, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, Larry R. Baylor, C. Stavrou, L. Appel, Amosov, J. Fessey, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, G. Kaveney, R. Young, Shimpei Futatani, U. Samm, R. Naish, P. Strand, E. Lascas Neto, S. Wheeler, Daisuke Shiraki, S. P. Hotchin, D. M. Witts, A. Cobalt, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, I. Jenkins, S. Panja, C. Gurl, A. Lukin, R. Albanese, Andrea Pavone, A. Davies, J. Hawkins, N. Vianello, C. Besiliu, F. Domptail, Bruno Santos, Y. Li, T. Kaltiaisenaho, O. N. Kent, X. Litaudon, B. Lescinskis, M. Faitsch, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, Pericoli, M. Beldishevski, G.A. Rattá, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, M. Juvonen, A. C. C. Sips, João M. C. Sousa, Boris Breizman, P. Finburg, Henrik Sjöstrand, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, R. O. Dendy, B. Lepiavko, D. Croft, Goloborod'ko, A. V. Krasilnikov, M. Wischmeier, K. Gal, R. Ragona, Petter Ström, N. Parsons, G. Calabrò, Jean-Stéphane Joly, A. Capat, Linwei Li, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, L. Moser, João P. S. Bizarro, L. Piron, K. Pepperell, P. Aleynikov, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, Giuseppe Gorini, C. Taliercio, M. E. Puiatti, J. Svensson, H. R. Wilson, John Wright, S. Wiesen, O. Asztalos, R.V. Budny, A. Withycombe, P. Piovesan, Jonathan Gaspar, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, Vinodh Bandaru, F. S. Zaitsev, H. Sheikh, G. F. Matthews, Daniele Carnevale, K. Schoepf, L. McNamee, A. Czarnecka, P. Blanchard, Erik Fransson, J.P. Coad, Daniel Dunai, Carolina Björkas, A. Manzanares, M. Reich, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, Mirko Salewski, E. de la Cal, T. D. V. Haupt, T.T.C. Jones, M. Anghel, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, Huber, A. Shaw, A. Cufar, A. Muraro, M. Clark, A. Meakins, Roland Sabot, A. Owen, K. Valerii, A. L. Esquisabel, Petr Vondracek, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Konstantina Mergia, Frank Leipold, Francisco L. Tabarés, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Marco Riva, R. Martone, Bobkov, B. Magesh, A. Ash, Parail, M. Hook, Amanda Hubbard, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, Nick Walkden, R. Otin, P. Santa, P. Abreu, Demerdzhiev, Roberto Zanino, T. Spelzini, António J.N. Batista, P. G. Smith, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, M. J. Mantsinen, K. Vasava, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, G. Ellwood, P. Raj, Robert Hager, Ch. Linsmeier, C. Stokes, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, G. Pautasso, C. R. Nobs, S. Sridhar, P. Chmielewski, David Hatch, Luca Boncagni, I. Balboa, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, R. McKean, L. Pigatto, João Figueiredo, Roberto Cavazzana, Juri Romazanov, M. Beurskens, C. Christopher Klepper, Maryna Chernyshova, O. Biletskyi, D. Karkinsky, A. Eksaeva, S. Dalley, Pasquale Gaudio, J. Benayas, J. Dankowski, S. Korolczuk, R. Buckingham, F. Parra Diaz, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, J. Naish, R. O. Pavlichenko, Kalle Heinola, Hiroshi Tojo, Miles M. Turner, Brett Chapman, A. Lyssoivan, F. Militello, E. Matveeva, T. Kobuchi, I. Ksiazek, P. Bohm, Cody Jones, W. Yanling, T. Jackson, P. Gohil, D. Alegre, Tim D. Bohm, F. Jaulmes, L. Zakharov, Peter J. Pool, C.G. Lowry, M. Passeri, D. Testa, Igor Lengar, A. Formisano, C. M. Roach, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Drenik, S. Meiter, William Tang, Carlos B. da Silva, Diogo R. Ferreira, P. J. Lomas, M. McHardy, Gunta Kizane, Angela Busse, S. Jachmich, Corneliu Porosnicu, Stanislas Pamela, Yavorskij, Eduardo Alves, Saskia Mordijck, Boniface Nkonga, J. Morris, Dean A. J. Whittaker, S. Ertmer, A. Hollingsworth, T. Barnard, R. Tatali, S. Reynolds, S. Mistry, Sergio Galeani, Torbjörn Hellsten, V.S. Neverov, David Dickinson, T. M. Huddleston, D. Baiao, F. Salzedas, D. Willoughby, M. Tripsky, Emmanuele Peluso, J. R. Harrison, C. Mazzotta, R. Zarins, M. Maslov, X. Bonnin, T. E. Gebhart, S. Fietz, K. Flinders, C. Hidalgo, Yann Corre, Aqsa Shabbir, A. B. Kukushkin, A. Shepherd, M.L. Walker, R. Clay, T. Vasilopoulou, Paolo Innocente, I. H. Coffey, P. Lalousis, Italo Predebon, R. Bravanec, P. Papp, D. Sytnykov, Ewa Pawelec, M. Bernert, G. Corrigan, Lutsenko, M. Romanelli, Gergely Papp, S. Romanelli, R. Salmon, J. Risner, M. T. Ogawa, A. M. Whitehead, E. Fable, H. Dabirikhah, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, J.-M. Noterdaeme, N. Hamilton, S. Minucci, I Wilson, A. Muir, A. V. Chankin, C. Clements, Matthias Hoelzl, Francesco Romanelli, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, P. Curson, Richard Fridström, D. Grist, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, Michael Loughlin, S. Aleiferis, W. Broeckx, Clayton E. Myers, S. F. Smith, D. Harting, W. Zwingmann, F. Binda, Mark R. Gilbert, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, D. Van Eester, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Tomasz Czarski, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, M. Koeppen, D. Ricci, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, P. Staniec, C. Appelbee, M. Newman, Susan Leerink, M. Nicassio, P. P. Pereira Puglia, M. Brombin, Wouter Tierens, C. Perez von Thun, Cédric Boulbe, Ya. I. Kolesnichenko, Taina Kurki-Suonio, S. Hallworth-Cook, R. P. Johnson, B. B. Carvalho, Anna Widdowson, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, B. Gonçalves, D. L. Keeling, Kazantzidis, Michael Fitzgerald, M. Hughes, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Raffaele Fresa, Juha Karhunen, S. Esquembri, K. Purahoo, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, M. Valovic, J. Horacek, D. King, H. Maier, Philipps, Kenji Tanaka, M. Kresina, M. Valisa, L. Omoregie, Gábor Cseh, Seppo Sipilä, Scott W. Mosher, Filippo Sartori, J. Kaniewski, Jan Weiland, Giuseppe Chitarin, Coccorese, A. R. Field, P. Beaumont, Robert Skilton, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, S. Villari, Roberta Lima Gomes, G. D. Ewart, S. Wray, A. Broslawski, A. Sinha, Roberto Paccagnella, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, Albert Gutierrez-Milla, E. Jonasson, L.-G. Eriksson, R. Leach, L. W. Packer, M. Vuksic, H. J. Sun, C. Marchetto, Giuseppe Telesca, Dieter Leichtle, S. Cramp, Blaise Faugeras, M. Allinson, Yannis Kominis, R. Normanton, H. J. Leggate, Francesco Ghezzi, T. Schlummer, Tommaso Bolzonella, Jorge Ferreira, M. J. Walsh, C. Day, Philipp Drews, Steven J. Meitner, M. D. J. Bright, Per Petersson, D. L. Hillis, M. Webb, P. Wright, C. F. Maggi, B. Sieglin, A. Farahani, J. Strachan, M. Muraglia, M. Cecconello, F. Durodié, D. Callaghan, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, Sara Moradi, Patrick J. McCarthy, S. Feng, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, R. Warren, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, S.C. Bradnam, D. Kinna, A. Krivska, M. Lungu, E. Suchkov, A. Kantor, D. Conka, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, J. Callaghan, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, Yu Gao, A. Lunniss, Z. Vizvary, E. Khilkevich, Th. Puetterich, Dmitry Matveev, E. Perelli Cippo, T. Owen, N. Imazawa, A. Silva, H. P. Summers, Norberto Catarino, Roberto Pasqualotto, P. Muscat, K. Keogh, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, P. Carman, M. Leyland, E. Veshchev, A. de Castro, M. Gruca, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, J. W. Banks, Sanjeev Ranjan, N. Sutton, Iris D. Young, Martin Imrisek, W. Zhang, J. K. Blackburn, Moiseenko, A. Parsloe, T. Loarer, D. N. Borba, S.J. Wukitch, D. P. Coster, J. Penzo, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, N. Bekris, M. G. O'Mullane, S. E. Dorling, Yunfeng Liang, S. Gulati, Roberto Ambrosino, J. Schweinzer, Cocilovo, D. Douai, M. A. Henderson, T. Suzuki, Gianluca Rubino, A. Peackoc, Yann Camenen, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, E. Tholerus, C. Sommariva, Prajapati, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Faa Federico Felici, M. Buckley, Kenneth Hammond, Daniele Milanesio, Cristian Ruset, Katsumichi Hoshino, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, I. Borodkina, P. Dinca, S. Brezinsek, J. Stallard, H. G. Esser, Matthew Sibbald, S. Knipe, Jorge Estrela da Silva, Kensaku Kamiya, P. A. Coates, J. C. Giacalone, Alfredo Pironti, Carvalho, D. D., Ferreira, D. R., Carvalho, P. J., Imrisek, M., Mlynar, J., Fernandes, H., and Formisano, A.

Subjects
Computer science, Feature extraction, Image processing, Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR), Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Compass, Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Computer vision, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Jet (fluid), Contextual image classification, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, Plasma diagnostics - interferometry spectroscopy and imaging, Tomography, Artificial intelligence, business, plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging
Abstract

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so- called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.

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181. Optimal MSE polarisation angle and q-profile estimation using Kalman filters and the plasma simulator RAPTOR

Author

A. Teplukhina, J P G Loenen, R. Fischer, M. C. C Messmer, M. Reich, Faa Federico Felici, Olivier Sauter, D. Rittich, Rje Roger Jaspers, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Control Systems Technology, Applied Physics and Science Education, Sensorics for fusion reactors, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, and EUROfusion MST1 Team

Subjects
RAPTOR, Tokamak, Computer science, extended Kalman filter, observer, Plasma, Kalman filter, Solver, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Synthetic data, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, q-profile reconstruction, Extended Kalman filter, MSE, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, 0103 physical sciences, motional Stark effect, 010306 general physics, Simulation, Raptor code, tokamak control
Abstract

Accurate q-profile reconstruction is of importance for the development of advanced scenarios, but continues to be a challenge in tokamak research. To constrain the q-profile in the plasma centre the motional Stark effect diagnostic (MSE) is often used, however achieving routine measurements with the required accuracy proves to be difficult in many devices. We present a novel approach to obtain accurate estimates of the q-profile using an observer based approach. The observer combines MSE measurements with a model-based prediction of the system. For this the plasma transport simulator RAPTOR is coupled with a fixed-boundary equilibrium solver to create a model-based prediction of the MSE measurements. An extended Kalman filter is used to merge profile evolution predictions from the RAPTOR code with measurements. Using synthetic data we demonstrate accurate q-profile estimations in situations where the model is purposely disturbed and only erroneous MSE measurements are available. For shots at ASDEX Upgrade we show that by constraining RAPTOR with MSE measurements, the evolution of the model's q-profile is in close proximity to reference profiles of reconstructed equilibria from an integrated diagnostic suite.

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182. Profile control simulations and experiments on TCV: a controller test environment and results using a model-based predictive controller

Author

Bojan Mavkov, S.H. Kim, T. C. Blanken, M.R. de Baar, Antoine Merle, Cristian Galperti, M. Scheffer, Rémy Nouailletas, Timothy Goodman, D. Kim, F. Carpanese, E. Maljaars, Olivier Sauter, J-M Moret, M. Kong, Faa Federico Felici, A. Teplukhina, N. M. T. Vu, Control Systems Technology, and Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion

Subjects
tokamak transport, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Safety factor, Tokamak, model predictive control, Computer science, Plasma parameters, plasma profiles, Condensed Matter Physics, profile control, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Power (physics), Model predictive control, law, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Overshoot (signal), TCV, 010306 general physics, Actuator
Abstract

The successful performance of a model predictive profile controller is demonstrated in simulations and experiments on the TCV tokamak, employing a profile controller test environment. Stable high-performance tokamak operation in hybrid and advanced plasma scenarios requires control over the safety factor profile (q-profile) and kinetic plasma parameters such as the plasma beta. This demands to establish reliable profile control routines in presently operational tokamaks. We present a model predictive profile controller that controls the q-profile and plasma beta using power requests to two clusters of gyrotrons and the plasma current request. The performance of the controller is analyzed in both simulation and TCV L-mode discharges where successful tracking of the estimated inverse q-profile as well as plasma beta is demonstrated under uncertain plasma conditions and the presence of disturbances. The controller exploits the knowledge of the time-varying actuator limits in the actuator input calculation itself such that fast transitions between targets are achieved without overshoot. A software environment is employed to prepare and test this and three other profile controllers in parallel in simulations and experiments on TCV. This set of tools includes the rapid plasma transport simulator RAPTOR and various algorithms to reconstruct the plasma equilibrium and plasma profiles by merging the available measurements with model-based predictions. In this work the estimated q-profile is merely based on RAPTOR model predictions due to the absence of internal current density measurements in TCV. These results encourage to further exploit model predictive profile control in experiments on TCV and other (future) tokamaks.

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