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The main aim of the research is to use the artificial neural network (ANN) model with the artificial bee colony (ABC) and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithms for estimating suspended sediment loading. The stream flow per month and SSL data obtained from two stations, İnanlı and Altınsu, in Çoruh River Basin of Turkey were taken as precedent. While stream flow and previous SSL were used as input parameters, only SSL data were used as output parameters for all models. The successes of the ANN-ABC and ANN-TLBO models that were developed in the research were contrasted with performance of conventional ANN model trained by BP (back-propagation). In addition to these algorithms, linear regression method was applied and compared with others. Root-mean-square and mean absolute error were used as success assessing criteria for model accuracy. When the overall situation is evaluated according to errors of the testing datasets, it was found that ANN-ABC and ANN-TLBO algorithms are more outstanding than conventional ANN model trained by BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software defect prediction has gained considerable attention in recent years. A broad range of computational methods has been developed for accurate prediction of faulty modules based on code and design metrics. One of the challenges in training classifiers is the highly imbalanced class distribution in available datasets, leading to an undesirable bias in the prediction performance for the minority class. Data sampling is a widespread technique to tackle this problem. However, traditional sampling methods, which depend mainly on random resampling from a given dataset, do not take advantage of useful information available in training sets, such as sample quality and representative instances. To cope with this limitation, evolutionary undersampling methods are usually used for identifying an optimal sample subset for the training dataset. This paper proposes a binary teaching–learning- based optimization algorithm employing a distribution-based solution update rule, namely BTLBOd, to generate a balanced subset of highly valuable examples. This subset is then applied to train a classifier for reliable prediction of potentially defective modules in a software system. Each individual in BTLBOd includes two vectors: a real-valued vector generated by the distribution-based update mechanism, and a binary vector produced from the corresponding real vector by a proposed mapping function. Empirical results showed that the optimal sample subset produced by BTLBOd might ameliorate the classification accuracy of the predictor on highly imbalanced software defect data. Obtained results also demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed sampling method compared to other popular sampling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing product customization, just-in-time part replenishment has become a significant scheduling problem in the automobile assembly system. This paper investigates a new unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem of an assembly line, where machines are employed to deliver material boxes from an in-house warehouse to workstations. The schedule is to appropriately specify the assignment and sequence of material boxes on each machine for minimizing line-side inventories under no stock-out constraints. By taking advantages of domain properties, an exact algorithm is developed to cope up with small-scale instances. In terms of real-world scale instances, a hybrid teaching–learning-based optimization metaheuristic is established by integrating teaching–learning-based optimization with a beam search technique. Experimental results indicate that the scheduling algorithms are effective and efficient in solving the proposed unrelated parallel machine scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that the major cause of the bridge failures is the local scour around the pier foundations or their abutments. The local scour around the bridge pier is occurred by changing the flow pattern and creating secondary vortices in the front and rear of the bridge piers. Until now, many researchers have proposed empirical equations to estimate the bridge pier scour based on laboratory and field datasets. However, scale impact, laboratory simplification, natural complexity of rivers and the personal judgement are among the main causes of inaccuracy in the empirical equations. Therefore, due to the deficiencies and disadvantages of existing equations and the complex nature of the local scour phenomenon, in this study, the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) method were combined and used. The parameters of the ANFIS were optimized by using TLBO optimization method. To develop the model and validate its performance, two datasets were used including laboratory dataset that consisted of experimental results from the current study and previous ones and the field dataset. In total, 27 scaled experiments of different types of pier groups with different cross sections and side slopes were carried out. To evaluate the model ability in prediction of scour depth, results were compared to the standard ANFIS and empirical equations using evaluation functions including Hec-18, Froehlich and Laursen and Toch equations. The results showed that adding TLBO to the standard ANFIS was efficient and can increase the model capability and reliability. Proposed model achieved better results than Laursen and Toch equation which had the best results among empirical relationships. For instance, proposed model in comparison with the Laursen and Toch equation, based on the RMSE function, yielded 50.4% and 71.8% better results in laboratory and field datasets, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel artificial neural network (ANN)-Jaya algorithm hybrid artificial intelligence model was developed to estimate Turkey's future energy use. The model estimates energy consumption based on gross domestic product (GDP), population, import data, and export data. The Jaya algorithm used in our model's development is a simple and powerful metaheuristic algorithm that overcomes the complexity of difficult optimization problems; it provides optimal results quickly owing to its ease of applicability and simple structure. Our ANN-Jaya model's performance was compared with the performance of artificial bee colony (ABC) and teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm-trained ANN models. According to the root mean square error (RMSE) values obtained for the test set, the proposed ANN-Jaya model performed 36.7% and 46.2% better than the ANN-ABC and ANN-TLBO models, respectively. After defining the optimal configurations, three energy consumption prediction scenarios were developed and compared with previously published forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation of a natural gas network operation is a prerequisite for optimization and control tasks. Treating gas in a transient manner is necessary for accurate simulation of gas networks. However, solving the governing nonlinear partial differential equations of pipe flows is a challenging task. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed based on using an intelligent algorithm called teaching–learning-based optimization. This approach simplifies transient simulation of gas networks with a specified type of boundary conditions. Teaching–learning-based optimization estimates different values for network inlet flow rates. Then by knowing the inlet boundary conditions of the network, the discretized flow equations become linear and the flow equations of each pipe can be solved independently. Thus, the network outlet flow variables can be easily obtained. The differences of obtained and actual network outlet flow rates are considered as a cost function or error. Finally, this intelligent algorithm determines the optimum inlet flow rates at each time level, which minimize the error. The proposed approach is implemented on the in-service gas network. To validate the simulation results, a conventional gradient-based method called trust region dogleg is also used for simulation of the gas network. The comparison of numerical results confirms the accuracy and efficiency of this approach, while it is more computationally efficient. Moreover, the substitution of teaching–learning-based optimization with another powerful intelligent optimization algorithm would not improve the performance of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A new TLBO (ITLBO) is proposed for parameters estimation of solar cells/modules. • The ITLBO is based on improved teaching and learning strategies. • The accuracy and reliability of ITLBO is verified through different PV models. • The ITLBO performs better than most reported algorithms. Abstract Accurate and reliable parameter extraction of photovoltaic (PV) models is urgently desired for the simulation, evaluation, control, and optimization of PV systems. Although many meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to extract the PV parameters, the extracted parameters are usually not very accurate and reliable. To accurately and reliably extract the parameters of different PV models, an improved teaching-learning-based optimization (ITLBO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The novelty of ITLBO lies primarily in the improved teaching and learning strategies with two improvements: (i) the teacher adopts different teaching strategies according to learner levels in the teacher phase; and (ii) in the learner phase, a new learning strategy is proposed to balance exploration and exploitation. The performance of ITLBO is verified by extracting the parameters of the single diode model, the double diode model, and three PV modules. The experimental results indicate that ITLBO obtains better performance with respect to accuracy and reliability compared to the other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Over past few decades, swarm intelligent algorithms based on the intelligent behaviors of social creatures have been extensively studied and applied for all kinds of optimization areas. Teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm which imitates the teaching–learning process in a classroom, is one of population-based heuristic stochastic swarm intelligent algorithms. TLBO executes through similar iterative evolution processes as utilized by a standard evolutionary algorithm. Unlike traditional evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligent algorithms, the iterative computation process of TLBO is divided into two phases and each phase executes iterative learning operation. Since its introduction by Rao and his team in 2010, TLBO has attracted more and more researchers' attention because of some of its strengths such as simple concept, without algorithm-specific parameters, rapid convergence and easy implementation yet effectiveness. In this paper we attempt to provide a brief review of the basic concepts of TLBO and a comprehensive survey of its prominent variants and its typical application, and the theoretical analysis conducted on TLBO so far. We hope that this survey can be very beneficial for the researchers engaged in the study of TLBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is proposed to solve flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) based on the integrated approach with an objective to minimize makespan. An FJSP is an extension of basic job-shop scheduling problem. There are two sub problems in FJSP. They are routing problem and sequencing problem. If both the sub problems are solved simultaneously, then the FJSP comes under integrated approach. Otherwise, it becomes a hierarchical approach. Very less research has been done in the past on FJSP problem as it is an NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial time hard) problem and very difficult to solve till date. Further, very less focus has been given to solve the FJSP using an integrated approach. So an attempt has been made to solve FJSP based on integrated approach using TLBO. Teaching-learning-based optimization is a meta-heuristic algorithm which does not have any algorithm-specific parameters that are to be tuned in comparison to other meta-heuristics. Therefore, it can be considered as an efficient algorithm. As best student of the class is considered as teacher, after few iterations all the students learn and reach the same knowledge level, due to which there is a loss in diversity in the population. So, like many meta-heuristics, TLBO also has a tendency to get trapped at the local optimum. To avoid this limitation, a new local search technique followed by a mutation strategy (from genetic algorithm) is incorporated to TLBO to improve the quality of the solution and to maintain diversity, respectively, in the population. Tests have been carried out on all Kacem's instances and Brandimarte's data instances to calculate makespan. Results show that TLBO outperformed many other algorithms and can be a competitive method for solving the FJSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global demand for renewable energy continues to rise, wind energy has received widespread attention as an eco-friendly energy source. Wind power generation is regarded as one of the key means to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development. Usually, a mass of turbines works together to produce electricity in a wind farm. However, downstream turbines will inevitably be influenced by the wake generated by upstream turbines, resulting in unused wind energy being lost. To reduce the negative effects of the wake, maximization of wind farm output power, and minimization of wind farm cost, a teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm with reinforcement learning is proposed in this paper. The improvements of the proposed algorithm mainly include the following three points: i) the original serial structure of the algorithm is changed to a parallel structure to accelerate the convergence and improve the efficiency of the algorithm. ii) the parameter F , which is adjusted by RL, is proposed to adjust the selection of the updating phase due to the design of a parallel structure. iii) in the modified learner phase, an individual is added to participate in the update, and a selection probability is proposed to improve the ability of the algorithm to retain the information of superior individuals. To study the performance of the modified algorithm, it was first tested against 10 other advanced algorithms on a benchmark testing suite. They then ran numerical experiments on four hypothetical wind farm cases under two simulated wind conditions. Finally, the superiority of improved algorithm over others and the effectiveness of addressing wind farm layout problem are demonstrated by experimental results. • The learning phase of TLBO is improved. • The structure of TLBO is modified. • A reinforcement learning based TLBO (RLPS-TLBO) is developed. • The RLPS-TLBO is used to solve the layout of wind farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Six metaheuristic approaches were used for measuring biogas production. • Eight process variables were selected from experimental data to create ANN models. • Using LCA, COA, MVO, ERWCA, TLBO and SFS improved prediction and reduced model size. • ERWCA-MLP algorithm providing the most precise estimation of the biogas production rate. This research offers a fast and accurate method for measuring the biogas production rate throughout biogas production. An agricultural biogas plant's measurement of eight process variables served as the source of experimental data used to create the models. Biomass type, reactor/feeding, volatile solids, pH, organic load rate, hydraulic retention time, temperature, and reactor volume were utilized in this context. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were developed to evaluate the biogas production rate. The variable selection was carried out using the cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), multi-verse optimization algorithm (MVO), leagues championship algorithm (LCA), evaporation-rate water cycle algorithm (ERWCA), stochastic fractal search (SFS), and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO). In this study, the model's size decreased, the important process variables were highlighted, and the ANN models' potential was enhanced for prediction. The proposed COA, MVO, LCA, ERWCA, SFS, and TLBO and ensembles are the outcome of using the abovementioned approaches to synthesize the multi-layer perceptron (MLP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the used models, we have developed a scoring system in addition to employing mean absolute error, mean square error, and coefficient of determination as accuracy criteria. Implementing the COA, MVO, LCA, ERWCA, SFS, and TLBO algorithms enhances the accuracy of the MLP. It is found that some of the used hybrid techniques could provide better prediction outputs than traditional MLP rankings. Additional investigation indicated that the ERWCA is better than the three other algorithms. The biogas production rate was estimated with the greatest precision with R2 = 0.9314 and 0.9302, RMSE of 0.1969 and 0.24925, and MAE of 0.1307 and 0.19591. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a tough, stable, rut-resistant mixture that takes advantage of the stone-to-stone contact to provide strength and durability for the material. Besides, the warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology allows reducing emissions and energy consumption by reducing the production temperature by 30–50 °C, compared to conventional hot mix asphalt technology (HMA). The dynamic modulus |E*| has been acknowledged as a vital material property in the mechanistic-empirical design and analysis and further reflects the strains and displacements of such layered pavement structures. The objective of this study is twofold, aiming at favoring the potential use of SMA with WMA technique. To this aim, first, laboratory tests were conducted to compare the performance of SMA and HMA through the dynamic modulus. Second, an advanced hybrid artificial intelligence technique to accurately predict the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures was developed. This hybrid model (ANN-TLBO) was based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) technique. A database containing the as-obtained experimental tests (96 data) was used for the development and assessment of the ANN-TLBO model. The experimental results showed that SMA mixtures exhibited higher values of the dynamic modulus |E*| than HMA, and the WMA technology increased the dynamic modulus values compared with the hot technology. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid algorithm could successfully predict the dynamic modulus with remarkable values of R2 of 0.989 and 0.985 for the training and testing datasets, respectively. Lastly, the effects of temperature and frequency on the dynamic modulus were evaluated and discussed.

Teaching–learning–based optimization (TLBO) is an algorithm based on the influence of a teacher on the output of learners in a class. This method has shown to be more effective and efficient than other optimizations in finding the maximum solutions. In this paper, a new improved version of TLBO algorithm, called the converged teaching-learning-based optimization (CTLBO), is presented. In fact, it combines a proposed convergence operator with the teacher phase to find better solutions with a higher convergence rate. The method is tested on some benchmark problems and the results are compared with the original TLBO and other popular evolutionary algorithms. Furthermore, the introduced algorithm is used for optimization of fuzzy tracking control of a walking humanoid robot. In elaboration, fuzzy tracking control, which has appropriate membership functions and error indices, is employed in this paper as a promising intelligent approach to control the nonlinear dynamics of a humanoid robot. Summation of integrals of absolute angle errors and absolute control efforts is regarded as the objective function addressed by both TLBO and CTLBO algorithms in the present investigation.

By finding the minimum total potential energy of a structural system with a defined degree of freedoms assigned as design variables, it is possible to find the equilibrium condition of the deformed system. This method, called total potential optimization using metaheuristic algorithms (TPO/MA), has been verified on truss and truss-like structures, such as cable systems and tensegric structures. Harmony Search (HS) algorithm methods perfectly found the analysis results of the previous structure types. In this study, TPO/MA is presented for analysis of plates for plane stress members to solve general types of problems. Due to the complex nature of the system, a novel hybrid Harmony Search (HHS) approach was proposed. HHS is the hybridization of local search phases of HS and the global search phase of the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The results found via HHS were verified with the finite element method (FEM). When compared with classical HS, HHS provides smaller total potential energy values, and needs less iterations than other new generation metaheuristic algorithms.

Abstract With the access of the renewable DGs such as wind turbines and photovoltaic generations, network operation state is uncertain due to the randomness of these renewable DGs. This paper proposes a novel optimal method of the active distribution network (ADN) considering the uncertain conditions and the coordination control of source-network-load. By optimizing the controllable distributed power output, controlling the network switches, and managing the demand-side load synchronously, the impact of distributed renewable energies can be reduced and the reliable operation of ADN can be ensured. The chance constrained programming is used to deal with the uncertainties. The proposed model is settled by the improved teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm (ITLBO) and the performance of the algorithm is verified by the comparison with the TLBO in the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the real-world situations, uncertain events commonly occur and cause disruption of normal scheduled activities. Consideration of uncertain events during the scheduling process helps the organizations to make strategies for handling the uncertainties in an effective manner. Therefore, in the present paper, unexpected machine breakdowns have been considered during scheduling of jobs in a flexible job-shop environment. The objective is to obtain lowest possible makespan such that robust and stable schedules are produced even if an unexpected machine breakdown occurs. The robust and stable schedules may help to decrease the costs associated with unexpected machine failures. The present work uses a two-stage teaching-learning-based optimization (2S-TLBO) method to solve flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) under machine breakdown. In the first stage, the primary objective of makespan is optimized without considering any machine breakdown. In the second stage, a bi-objective function considering robustness and stability of the schedule is optimized under uncertainty of machine breakdowns. In order to incorporate the machine breakdown data to basic FJSP, a non-idle time insertion technique is used. In order to generate effective robust and stable predictive FJSP schedules, a rescheduling technique called modified affected operations rescheduling (mAOR) is used. The Kacem's and Brandimarte's benchmark problems have been solved and compared with other algorithms available in the literature. Results indicate that TLBO outperforms other algorithms by generating superior robust and stable predictive schedules. Statistical analysis is carried out to test the significance difference of the results obtained by TLBO with other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricate coupling relationship among the used parts make the reuse-oriented redesign process very complex, leading to the incompatible optimization between the used parts and used mechanical equipment. To this end, a dynamic information transfer and feedback method is proposed. In this method, the structure coupling model is established to characterize the relationship of parts. Remanufacturing cost, energy consumption and material consumption are taken as the redesign objectives. In accordance with these objectives and its constraints, a dynamic information transfer and feedback model (DITF) is adopted to achieve collaborative optimization between used mechanical equipment and used parts. An adaptive Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (A-TLBO) algorithm is used to solve this model. Finally, a case in point is that a used machine tool (model C6132) is adopted to validate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Teaching–learning–based optimization (TLBO) is an algorithm based on the influence of a teacher on the output of learners in a class. This method has shown to be more effective and efficient than other optimizations in finding the maximum solutions. In this paper, a new improved version of TLBO algorithm, called the converged teaching-learning-based optimization (CTLBO), is presented. In fact, it combines a proposed convergence operator with the teacher phase to find better solutions with a higher convergence rate. The method is tested on some benchmark problems and the results are compared with the original TLBO and other popular evolutionary algorithms. Furthermore, the introduced algorithm is used for optimization of fuzzy tracking control of a walking humanoid robot. In elaboration, fuzzy tracking control, which has appropriate membership functions and error indices, is employed in this paper as a promising intelligent approach to control the nonlinear dynamics of a humanoid robot. Summation of integrals of absolute angle errors and absolute control efforts is regarded as the objective function addressed by both TLBO and CTLBO algorithms in the present investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Many real-world multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) are dynamic in which variables of search space and/or objective space change over time. Hence the optimization algorithms should can quickly and efficiently track the Pareto front in dealing with dynamic environments. In this paper, a hybrid population prediction strategy based on fuzzy inference and one-step prediction (FIOPPS) is presented to extrapolate ahead the trajectory (position and/or orientation) of the new Pareto optimal solution set from the previous Pareto optimal solution sets and ensure the algorithm to respond quickly and effectively when the environment changes thus tracking the changing Pareto front. In our algorithm, the fuzzy inference model based on the Maximum Entropy Principle is extracted automatically from the previously found Pareto optimal solution sets to predict the Pareto solution sets at the beginning of the next time. Moreover, a new one-step prediction model is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy for environmental changes from motion state to static state and vice versa. Furthermore, a new variant of teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm with decomposition is first proposed as the MOEA optimizer for solving dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs). In the proposed MOTLBO/D variant, the multi-objective decomposition mechanism is adopted and neighbor strategy is introduced into teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO) to maintain the diversity of population and avoid the algorithm trapping into the local areas. Finally, to verify the performance of the proposed methods, ten benchmark test functions are simulated and evaluated. The statistical results indicate that the proposed FIOPPS strategy is promising for dealing with DMOPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic optimization methods have been widely employed to find solutions to structural design optimization problems in the past two decades, especially for truss structures. The primary aim of this study is to introduce a design optimization method combining an augmented Lagrangian function and teaching–learning-based optimization for truss and nontruss structural design optimization. The augmented Lagrangian function serves as a constraint-handling tool in the proposed method and converts a constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained one. On the other hand, teaching–learning-based optimization is employed to resolve the transformed, unconstrained optimization problems. Since the proper values of the Lagrangian multipliers and penalty factors are unknown in advance, the proposed method is implemented in an iterative way to avoid the issue of selecting them, i.e. the Lagrangian multipliers and penalty factors are automatically updated according to the violation level of all constraints. To examine the performance of the proposed method, it is applied on a group of benchmark truss optimization problems and a group of nontruss optimization problems of aircraft wing structures. The computational results obtained by the proposed method are compared to the results produced by both other version of teaching–learning-based optimization and stochastic optimization methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To project the structures to be built in the coastal zone and to make the best use of the coastal area, the mechanism of sediment transport, including both longshore and cross-shore transport, in this region should be well known. Within this context, temporal change rate of cross-shore sediment transport is of vital importance, especially to predict the erosion quantitatively. In this study, hybrid artificial intelligence models based on physical model data were established to determine the α coefficient used to describe the temporal change of cross-shore sediment transport. Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms were used for training of artificial neural network (ANN) in the model setup. Then, these models were compared with the classical back propagation ANN (ANN-BP) model. Wave height and period, bed slope and sediment diameter were considered as input parameters in the models. In all models, the used data for training and testing sets were 42 and 10 of total 52 experimental data, respectively. In the end of the analyses, it has been determined that the ANN-TLBO and ANN-ABC models have resulted in better results than the BP models. Also, the smallest mean absolute error and root mean square error values for testing set have been obtained from the ANN-TLBO model with 0.0068 and 0.0081, respectively. Therefore, it has been concluded that the best model ANN-TLBO can be successfully applied to predict the α coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to utilize a novel modified approach based on teaching-learning-based optimization (MTLBO), to achieve an approximate solution of optimal control problem governed by nonlinear Volterra integro-differential systems. The scheme was based upon Chebyshev wavelet and its derivative operational matrix, which eventually led to a nonlinear programming problem (NLP). The resulted NLP was solved by the MTLBO. The novel algorithm used a heuristic mechanism to intensify learning on the best students in learner phase. The new strategy was applied to improve learners’ knowledge and to structure the MTLBO. The applicability and efficiency of the MTLBO were shown for three numerical examples. The proposed algorithm was compared with the traditional TLBO algorithm and the Legendre wavelets and collocation method in the literature. The experimental results showed that the proposed MTLBO not only obtained the high-quality solutions with respect to the absolute errors but also provided results with the high speed of convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of sensor nodes, having limited energy resources and low processing capability. Accordingly, major challenges are involved in WSNs Routing. Thus, in many use cases, routing is considered as an NP-hard optimization problem. Many routing protocols are based on metaheuristics, such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Despite the fact that metaheuristics have provided elegant solutions, they still suffer from complexity concerns and difficulty of parameter tuning. In this paper, we propose a new routing approach based on Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) which is a recent and robust method, consisting on two essential phases: Teacher and Learner. As TLBO was proposed for continuous optimization problems, this work presents the first use of TLBO for the discrete problem of WSN routing. The approach is well founded theoretically as well as detailed algorithmically. Experimental results show that our approach allows obtaining lower energy consumption which leads to a better WSN lifetime. Our method is also compared to some typical routing methods; PSO approach, advanced ACO approach, Improved Harmony based approach (IHSBEER) and Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, to illustrate TLBO’s routing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible flow shop (or a hybrid flow shop) scheduling problem is an extension of classical flow shop scheduling problem. In a simple flow shop configuration, a job having ‘g’ operations is performed on ‘g’ operation centres (stages) with each stage having only one machine. If any stage contains more than one machine for providing alternate processing facility, then the problem becomes a flexible flow shop problem (FFSP). FFSP which contains all the complexities involved in a simple flow shop and parallel machine scheduling problems is a well-known NP-hard (Non-deterministic polynomial time) problem. Owing to high computational complexity involved in solving these problems, it is not always possible to obtain an optimal solution in a reasonable computation time. To obtain near-optimal solutions in a reasonable computation time, a large variety of meta-heuristics have been proposed in the past. However, tuning algorithm-specific parameters for solving FFSP is rather tricky and time consuming. To address this limitation, teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) and JAYA algorithm are chosen for the study because these are not only recent meta-heuristics but they do not require tuning of algorithm-specific parameters. Although these algorithms seem to be elegant, they lose solution diversity after few iterations and get trapped at the local optima. To alleviate such drawback, a new local search procedure is proposed in this paper to improve the solution quality. Further, mutation strategy (inspired from genetic algorithm) is incorporated in the basic algorithm to maintain solution diversity in the population. Computational experiments have been conducted on standard benchmark problems to calculate makespan and computational time. It is found that the rate of convergence of TLBO is superior to JAYA. From the results, it is found that TLBO and JAYA outperform many algorithms reported in the literature and can be treated as efficient methods for solving the FFSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm of Rao et al. has been presented in recent years, which is a population-based algorithm and operates on the principle of teaching and learning. This algorithm is based on the influence of a teacher on the quality of learners in a population. In this study, TLBO is extended for constrained and unconstrained CAD model sampling which is called Sampling-TLBO (S-TLBO). Sampling CAD models in the design space can be useful for both designers and customers during the design stage. A good sampling technique should generate CAD models uniformly distributed in the entire design space so that designers or customers can well understand possible design options. To sample N designs in a predefined design space, N sub-populations are first generated each of which consists of separate learners. Teaching and learning phases are applied for each sub-population one by one which are based on a cost (fitness) function. Iterations are performed until change in the cost values becomes negligibly small. Teachers of each sub-population are regarded as sampled designs after the application of S-TLBO. For unconstrained design sampling, the cost function favors the generation of space-filling and Latin Hypercube designs. Space-filling is achieved using the Audze and Eglais’ technique. For constrained design sampling, a static constraint handling mechanism is utilized to penalize designs that do not satisfy the predefined design constraints. Four CAD models, a yacht hull, a wheel rim and two different wine glasses, are employed to validate the performance of the S-TLBO approach. Sampling is first done for unconstrained design spaces, whereby the models obtained are shown to users in order to learn their preferences which are represented in the form of geometric constraints. Samples in constrained design spaces are then generated. According to the experiments in this study, S-TLBO outperforms state-of-the-art techniques particularly when a high number of samples are generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethylene cracking furnace system is crucial for an olefin plant. Multiple cracking furnaces are used to convert various hydrocarbon feedstocks to smaller hydrocarbon molecules, and the operational conditions of these furnaces significantly influence product yields and fuel consumption. This paper develops a multiobjective operational model for an industrial cracking furnace system that describes the operation of each furnace based on current feedstock allocations, and uses this model to optimize two important and conflicting objectives: maximization of key products yield, and minimization of the fuel consumed per unit ethylene. The model incorporates constraints related to material balance and the outlet temperature of transfer line exchanger. The self-adaptive multiobjective teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm is improved and used to solve the designed multiobjective optimization problem, obtaining a Pareto front with a diverse range of solutions. A real industrial case is investigated to illustrate the performance of the proposed model: the set of solutions returned offers a diverse range of options for possible implementation, including several solutions with both significant improvement in product yields and lower fuel consumption, compared with typical operational conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal design and control of industrially important chemical processes rely on dynamic optimization. However, because of the highly constrained, nonlinear, and sometimes discontinuous nature that is inherent in chemical processes, solving dynamic optimization problems (DOPs) is still a challenging task. Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is a relative new metaheuristic algorithm based on the philosophy of teaching and learning. In this paper, we propose an improved TLBO called quadratic interpolation based TLBO (QITLBO) for handling DOPs efficiently. In the QITLBO, two modifications, namely diversity enhanced teaching strategy and quadratic interpolation operator, are introduced into the basic TLBO. The diversity enhanced teaching strategy is employed to improve the exploration ability, and the quadratic interpolation operator is used to enhance the exploitation ability; therefore, the ensemble of these two components can establish a better balance between exploration and exploitation. To test the performance of the proposed method, QITLBO is applied to solve six chemical DOPs include three parameter estimation problems and three optimal control problems, and compared with eleven well-established metaheuristic algorithms. Computational results reveal that QITLBO has the best precision and reliability among the compared algorithms for most of the test problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The primary objective of our research work is to enhance the prediction of the quality of a component‐based software system and to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the system reliability optimization problem. In this paper, we introduced the ANN‐supported Teaching‐Learning Optimization by transforming constraints to objective functions. Artificial neural network techniques are found to be powerful in the modeling software package quality metrics compared with the ancient statistical techniques. Therefore, by using the neural network, the quality characteristics of software components of the proposed work are predicted. A nonlinear differentiable transfer function of ANN used in the proposed approach is hyperbolic tangent sigmoid. A new efficient optimization methodology referred to as the Teaching‐Learning–based Optimization is proposed in this paper to optimize reliability and different cost functions. The weight values of the network are then adjusted consistent with a proposed optimization rule, therefore minimizing the network error. The proposed work is implemented in MATLAB by using the Neural Network Toolbox. The proposed work provides improved performance in terms of sensitivity, precision, specificity, negative predictive value, fall‐out or false positive rate, false discovery rate, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, and rate of convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst growing concerns over climate change, the conventional energy landscape faces critical challenges associated with fossil fuel usage. In response, this study explores alternative approaches by investigating an energy hub system leveraging wind turbine-generated power. This hub integrates seamlessly with electricity and natural gas grids, offering a comprehensive energy supply encompassing electricity, natural gas, and thermal loads. The research strategy encompasses a multi-pronged approach. A Time-of-Use (TOU) load management program optimizes the distribution of electrical and thermal loads. To address the unpredictability of wind speed, the information gap decision theory (IGDT) is introduced to manage risk and deviations effectively. The central objective involves optimizing the energy hub's operations, focusing on minimizing operational costs and emissions. To address this intricate challenge, the study employs the Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) method. This advanced technique concurrently optimizes cost and environmental impact, exemplifying its efficacy in the energy hub context. The research culminates in demonstrating the TLBO algorithm's swift convergence, highlighting its aptitude for addressing complex cost and emission optimization dynamics. In sum, this study offers innovative insights into sustainable energy systems, where economic and environmental considerations converge harmoniously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a novel approach for the robust optimization of the design of hydrogen peroxide propulsion control systems using the efficient and advanced Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) method. This study adopts a robust design optimization (RDO) formulation that considers both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, including sparse points and interval data, and uses the Johnson distribution family for uncertainty representation. The maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to determine the distribution parameters, also considering interval data with a nested optimization technique. A novel advanced TLBO method with high accuracy and convergence rate is employed to optimization of this robust design approach. The method's originality and advancement come from two categories of modifications to the original framework: the structure of the teaching and learning phases and the initialization and search approach. The efficacy and applicability of the proposed Ad-TLBO, respectively, were evaluated using benchmark problems from the CEC2020 competition and three real-world engineering problems, with a comparison to some recently published and the CEC competition's top-ranked algorithms. The results and statistical analyses of the Quade test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Friedman test show that the proposed Ad-TLBO method outperforms the other algorithms. The proposed optimization method is eventually applied to design a monopropellant propulsion system as the control actuator of a satellite orbital transfer system. It is found that the proposed advanced TLBO is effective in handling uncertainty in real design problems and improves both the convergence rate and accuracy of the optimization process. [Display omitted] • Modifications of the proposed Ad-TLBO algorithm are introduced in two parts with clear benefits. • Ad-TLBO is compared on CEC 2020 and engineering problems to other optimization algorithms. • Ad-TLBO is applied for the robust optimization of the design of monopropellant control systems. • Epistemic and aleatory uncertainties are considered with the Johnson distributions family. • MLE method is used to determine the distribution parameters, considering also interval data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-objective optimization is the process of simultaneously optimizing two or more conflicting objectives subject to certain constraints. Real-life engineering designs often contain more than one conflicting objective function, which requires a multi-objective approach. In a single-objective optimization problem, the optimal solution is clearly defined, while a set of trade-offs that gives rise to numerous solutions exists in multi-objective optimization problems. Each solution represents a particular performance trade-off between the objectives and can be considered optimal. In this paper, the performance of a recently developed teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is evaluated against the other optimization algorithms over a set of multi-objective unconstrained and constrained test functions and the results are compared. The TLBO algorithm was observed to outperform the other optimization algorithms for the multi-objective unconstrained and constrained benchmark problems.

Use of manufactured sand to replace natural sand is increasing in the last several decades. This study is devoted to the assessment of using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) together with Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) for enhancing the prediction accuracy of individual Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in predicting the compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete (MSC). The PCA technique was applied for reducing the noise in the input space, whereas, TLBO was employed to increase the prediction performance of single ANFIS model in searching the optimal weights of input parameters. A number of 289 configurations of MSC were used for the simulation, especially including the sand characteristics and the MSC long-term compressive strength. Using various validation criteria such as Correlation Coefficient (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the proposed method was validated and compared with several models, including individual ANFIS, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and existing empirical equations. The results showed that the proposed model exhibited great prediction capability compared with other models. Thus, it appeared as a robust alternative computing tool or an efficient soft computing technique for quick and accurate prediction of the MSC compressive strength.