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Introduction: Public concern about the potential effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) on human health is increased by progressive usage of electrical devices in modern life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to low frequency EMF on the mechanical activity of isolated thoracic aorta strips in rats. Methods: Fourteen male rats were randomly allocated into sham and experimental groups. Experimental group was continuously exposed to 1mT, 50Hz EMF, for 75 days in a magnetic coil box. Sham group was kept under conditions similar to experimental group, without being exposed to EMF. After 75 days, the rats were anaesthetized and the thoracic aorta was dissected and cut into 1cm strips. Aortic strips were suspended in organ bath chambers containing of Krebs' buffer and were bubbled with a gas mixture (5% CO2, 95% O2). Then the aortic isometric tension was measured during 20-min equilibration period and after cumulative administration of acetylcholine and phenylephrine in different concentrations. Results: Increased vasocontraction responses to 10-6 M phenylephrine were observed in experimental group compared to sham group (P<0.05). Moreover, reduced vasorelaxation responses to 8×10-5 M acetylcholine were observed in the experimental group compared to sham group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be suggested that prolonged exposure to EMF have an effect on the vascular sensitivity to cholinergic and adrenergic system, can lead to alteration of the vascular resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Archives / Veterinarski Arhiv is the property of University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of genes involved in various cellular functions related to metabolism, inflammation, and reproduction. This study evaluated the effects of sex hormones and obesity on the expression of circulating miR-23a and miR-23b in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women. Methods: Serum sex hormones concentrations and body mass index (BMI) were measured in 18 women with PCOS and in 30 healthy women from the East China area and these measurements were correlated with serum miR-23a/b levels. The effect of miR-23a and miR-23b risk factors on occurrence of PCOS and predisposing factors of PCOS on these miRNA expressions were evaluated. Results: The expressions of miR-23a/b were significantly lower in the women with PCOS than the normal women, and the expression levels of miR-23a/b were positively correlated with each other in the normal women (p = 0.001) but not in the women with PCOS (p > 0.05). In the women with PCOS, miR-23a was positively correlated with BMI (p = 0.03). However, no correlations were found between the levels of miR-23a/b and the sex hormones in the normal and PCOS women. On the other hand, without considering the presence or absence of PCOS, increase in BMI had a positive effect on the levels of circulating miR-23b; while testosterone had negative effects on the levels of circulating miR-23a. Furthermore, the likelihood of women with PCOS decreased by 0.01-fold for every 1 fold increase of miR-23a expression. Conclusions: Both reduced levels and discordance between the expressions of miR-23a/b were observed in the women with PCOS and miR-23a/b were affected from testosterone and BMI, reversely. Therefore, miR-23a alteration in contrast with miR-23b is a better indicator for evaluation of PCOS than the miR-23b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effects of long-term, moderate level noise exposure during crucial periods of rat infants on stereological parameters of medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male offspring of 12 pregnant rats were divided into four groups: fetal-to-critical period group, which were exposed to noise from the last 10 days of fetal life till postnatal day (PND) 29; fetal period group that exposed to noise during the last 10 days of fetal life; critical period group, exposed to noise from PND 15 till PND 29, and control group. White noise at 90 dB for 2 h per day was used.Statistical Analysis Used: Variance for variables was performed using Proc GLM followed by mean comparison by Duncan's multiple range test.Results: Numerical density of neurons in MGB of fetal-to-critical period group was lower than control group. Similar results were seen in numerical density of neurons in layers IV and VI of auditory cortex. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the volume of auditory cortex among groups, and only MGB volume in fetal-to-critical period group was higher than other groups. Estimated total number of neurons in MGB was not significantly different among groups.Conclusion: It seems necessary to prevent long-term moderate level noise exposure during fetal-to-critical neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Archives / Veterinarski Arhiv is the property of University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the readily available sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is menstrual blood-derived stem cells (Men-SCs), which exhibit characteristics similar to other types of MSCs. This study was performed to determine the growth kinetics, plasticity, and characterization of Men-SCs in women. During spring 2014 in the southern Iranian city of Shiraz, menstrual blood (5 mL) was obtained from 10 women on their third day of menstruation in 2 age groups of 30 to 40 and 40 to 50 years old. Ficoll was used to separate the mononuclear cell fraction. After the Men-SCs were cultured, they were subcultured up to passage 4. Growth behavior and population doubling time were evaluated by seeding 5xl04cells into 12-and 24-well culture plates, and the colonies were enumerated. The expression of CD44, CD90, and CD34 was evaluated. The osteogenic potential was assessed by alizarin red staining. The Men-SCs were shown to be plastic adherent and spindle-shaped. Regarding the growth curves in the 12- and 24-well culture plates, it was demonstrated that in the women aged between 30 and 40 years, population doubling time was 55.5 and 62 hours, respectively, while these values in the women aged between 40 and 50 years were 70.4 and 72.4 hours, correspondingly. Positive expression of CD44 and CD90 and negative expression of CD34 were noted. In the osteogenic differentiation medium, the cells differentiated toward osteoblasts. As human Men-SCs are easily collectable without any invasive procedure and are a safe and rapid source of MSCs, they can be a good candidate for stem cell banking and cell transplantation in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Archives / Veterinarski Arhiv is the property of University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Until 2000 it was believed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was the sole regulator of hypophyseal gonadotropes. In 2000, the discovery of a gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) initiated a revolution in the field of reproductive physiology. Identification of GnIH homologues in mammals, the arginine-phenylalanine- amide (RFamide)-related peptides (RFRPs), indicated a similar function. Subsequently, further works conducted in various laboratories worldwide have shown that these neuropeptides inhibit the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis. This review discusses the role of RFRPs in mammalian reproductive processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) inhibits gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in rats. This study evaluates the effects of litter size and suckling intensity on RFRP mRNA expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) of rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 pregnant and 4 non-lactating ovariectomized (control group) Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experimental study. Lactating rats were allotted to 8 equal groups. In 3 groups, the litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pups upon parturition. Dams were allowed to suckle their pups continuously until 8 days postpartum. In the other 3 groups, the litter size was adjusted to 5 pups following birth. These pups were separated from the dams for 6 hours on day 8 postpartum, after which the pups were allowed to suckle for 2.5, 5, or 7.5 minutes prior to killing the dams. In 2 groups, lactating rats with 10 and 15 pups were separated from their pups for 6 hours on day 8 postpartum. In these groups, the pups were allowed to suckle their dams for 5 minutes before the dams were killed. All rats were killed on day 8 postpartum and the DMH was removed from each rat. We evaluated RFRP mRNA expression using realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The expression of RFRP mRNA in the DMH increased with increased litter size and suckling intensity compared to the controls. The effect of suckling intensity on the expression of RFRP mRNA was more pronounced compared to the litter size. Conclusion: Increased litter size and suckling intensity stimulated RFRP mRNA expression in the DMH which might contribute to lactation anestrus in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are less invasive than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to obtain for cell therapy. AIMS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the germinal cells characteristics and repairs in seminiferous tubules of busulfan-induced azoospermic rats after AT-MSCs transplantation. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Experimental case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present experimental study, donors AT-MSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of two Sprague-Dawley rats. The recipients (n = 5) were received two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval to stop endogenous spermatogenesis. After induction of azoospermia by busulfan, rats were injected with the AT-MSCs into the efferent duct of right testes. After 60 days, the right testes were injected AT-MSCs were compared to left azoospermic testes. Five untreated male rats served as negative control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Stereological indices were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test. The spermatogenesis index was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: After stereological analyses, the seminiferous tubules treated with AT-MSCs had normal morphology. The untreated seminiferous tubules were empty. Spermatogenesis was observed in most cell-treated seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSIONS: The testis of busulfan-induced azoospermic rats accepted transplanted AT-MSCs. The transplanted AT-MSCs could induce spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of the rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) are involved in energy homeostasis in the rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs in arcuate nucleus (ARC) during long term malnutrition of female ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Ten female ovariectomized rats were divided into two equal groups (n=6) of normal and restricted diet groups. Using real-time PCR, the relative expressions (compared to controls) of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs were compared between both diet groups. Results: The relative expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNA in the ARC of female ovariectomized rats during long term malnutrition was higher than those with normal diet (P<0.05). Conclusion: Changes in the relative expression level of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs during long term malnutrition of rat indicated a stimulatory role of MC4R and AgRP in regulating energy balance in ARC of rat hypothalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) and kisspeptin (KiSS-1) are known to respectively inhibit and stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 in the hypothalamus of pregnant rats. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled experimental study, the exact pregnancy day of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were confirmed using the vaginal smear method and were equally assigned to three groups of days 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy. Four non-pregnant female rats were ovariectomized and assigned as the control group. All rats were decapitated, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) for detection of KiSS-1 mRNA were separated from their hypothalamus to detect RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 mRNA respectively. Then, their relative expressions were compared between control and pregnant groups using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The relative expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in DMH did not change significantly during pregnancy (p>0.01). However, the relative expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in ARC was at its highest in day 7 of pregnancy and decreased until day 21 of pregnancy (p<0.01). Conclusion: Decrease in GnRH and LH secretion during the pregnancy of rat may be controlled by constant expression of RFRP-3 mRNA and reduced expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in hypothalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): The effect of litter size and suckling intensity on the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of rats were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty two pregnant and four non-lactating ovariectomized (as control group) rats were used in this experiment. Lactating rats were allotted to eight equal groups. In three groups, litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pups upon parturition and allowed to suckle their pups continuously by 8 days postpartum. In the other three groups, litter size was adjusted to five upon birth; the pups were separated from the dams for 6 hr on day 8 postpartum, after which the pups were allowed to suckle their dams for 2.5, 5, or 7.5 min prior to killing the dams. Two groups of lactating rats with either 10 or 15 pups were separated from their pups for 6 hr on day 8 postpartum, after which the pups were allowed to suckle their dams for 5 min before the dams were killed on day 8 postpartum. The ARC was removed and the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA was evaluated, using real-time PCR. Results: The expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in the ARC was decreased as the litter size and intensity of suckling stimulus were increased. The effect of suckling intensity on the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA was more pronounced than that of litter size. Conclusion: Increased litter size and suckling intensity decreased KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ARC which may contribute to lactation anestrus in rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and an appetizer. Kisspeptin is a stimulator of GnRH and a regulator of energy metabolism. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effect of long term malnutrition on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of rat hypothalamus. Methods: Sixteen female ovariectomized rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly allotted into three groups. After 2 weeks recovery period, one group was fed with perfect diet (rat standard feed) and the other group was fed with the half dietary of perfect diet for 14 days. The control group (n=4) were sacrificed 2 weeks after surgery (day 0). Relative expression of RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 mRNAs (compared to the control group) were measured using real-time PCR method in DMH and ARC of hypothalamus, respectively. Results: Mean and SE of relative expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in DMH in the half dietary rats was higher than that of the perfect diet ones (P=0.01). Relative expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in ARC was not different between two groups of rats (P=0.1). Conclusion: Long term malnutrition (2 weeks) increased RFRP-3 mRNA expression in DMH of rats hypothalamus, but had no effect on KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ARC nucleus of ovariectomized female rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study assessed the potential of topical Calendula officinalis extract on the healing of oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hamsters. Study Design: Oral mucositis was induced in 60 male hamsters by 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 0, 5, and 10 of the study. The cheek pouch was scratched with a sterile needle on days 1 and 2. On days 12-17, 5% and 10% C. officinalis gel and gel base groups were treated and then compared with a control group. Macroscopic and microscopic scores and weights were evaluated. Results: Microscopic and macroscopic scores of mucositis were lower in the 5% and 10% C. officinalis gel groups than in the gel base and control groups (P < .05). Weight gain was noted in the treatment groups compared with the gel base and control groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Calendula officinalis extract accelerated the healing of oral mucositis in hamsters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) are known to affect GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) in several species, including the rat. It has been hypothesized that GnRH/LH changes during the rat estrous cycle may result from changes in the expression of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 genes. Therefore, the present study investigates KiSS1 and RFRP-3 gene expression at the transcriptional level in the rat hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. In the present experimental study, 36 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (3-4 months old) were used to study the expression of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 mRNA in the hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. Four rats were ovariectomized, whereas the remainder were allotted to four different phases of the estrous cycle (n=8 per estrus phase). Rats were decapitated, and the hypothalami were immediately dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Expressions of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 mRNAs were analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression of KiSS1 mRNA during estrus was lower than other phases of the cycle (p<0.01). Expression of KiSS1 mRNA during the metestrus phase was lower than the proestrus phase (p<0.01). The expression of RFRP-3 mRNA during proestrus was lower than the diestrus phase (p<0.01). Results of the present study showed the role of coordinated expression of KiSS1 and RFRP-3 mRNA in the hypothalamus in the control of the rat estrous cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enrofloxacin, an antimicrobial agent used to treat bacterial diseases is well tolerated by cats at recommended dosage (5 mg/kg). To investigate the tolerance of high-dose of the Hipralona Enro-I ® (5% enrofloxacin solution) in cats, 28 urban cats (11 males and 17 females) between the weight of 1.3 and 2.4 kg were randomly assigned to a control group (n=4) and three treatment groups (n=8). Each treatment groups were injected low-dose enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, IM), high-dose enrofloxacin (15 mg/kg, IM), and very high-dose enrofloxacin (25 mg/kg, IM) once daily for seven consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein before injection of enrofloxacin in the hind limb muscles of cats as self-control, and at 3rd , 7th , 14th , and 21st days after first drug injection. Samples were tested for various hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The systemic tolerance during experiment was investigated via monitoring of behavior and general physical examination. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not significantly different between groups. In addition, there was no statistically difference between various sampling days for any treatment group in each parameter. Furthermore, there was no change in the behavior and the general health condition of cats in the control and the three experimental groups. As serum biochemical indications of hepatotoxication and nephrotoxication were not observed. It was concluded that muscular injection of enrofloxacin in doses up to 25 mg/kg (5ED50) for seven consecutive days was tolerated by cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine ectoparasite infestation in pet dogs from the Shiraz area of southern Iran, with no known exposure to insecticides. In all, 160 dogs were examined for ectoparasites in each of the 4 seasons and samples were collected. The most common ectoparasite was Ctenocephalides canis, which infested 22 of the 160 dogs. Pulex irritans was identified on 2 of the dogs and 142 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were found on 13 dogs. Trichodectes canis was observed on 2 dogs and 8 dogs had Hippobosca flies, which were seen mostly in spring. All superficial skin scrapes for mite detection were negative. A significant correlation was observed between increases in temperature and decreases in humidity, and increased ectoparasite infestation (r = 0.26; P = 0.001 and r = 0.23; P = 0.004, respectively). The number of dogs infested with ectoparasites in summer and spring was significantly higher than in winter (P = 0.007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a condition affecting the liver and immune system. In this study, the impact of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation on PBC patients was investigated. Methods: Sixteen eligible PBC patients participated at the National Scientific Medical Center in Astana, Kazakhstan, between 2017 and 2022, and BM-MNCs were harvested from their anterior iliac crest. After isolating and cultivating the BM-MNCs, they were infused back into the patient's peripheral veins. Changes in BM-MNC and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PB-MNC) phenotypes were assessed before and after a 24-hour cultivation period and 72 hours post-transplantation. We monitored liver function parameters over 6-month intervals and conducted flow cytometry analysis to assess CD markers on BM-MNCs before and after cultivation and PB-MNCs before and after transplantation. Statistical analysis included the Friedman test for liver parameters and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for BM-MNC and PB-MNC comparisons. Results: Our findings revealed significant reductions in liver function tests after multiple transplantations. Flow cytometry analysis before and after a 24-hour culture and autologous BM-MNC infusion revealed the expansion of specific cell populations, with significant increases in CD3+, CD4+, CD16+, CD20+, CD25+, CD34+, CD105+, CD73+, CD117+, and CD34+populations, while CD4+25+, CD34+105+, and CD4+FOXP3+ populations decreased. Interestingly, a contradictory finding was observed with a decrease in bone marrow CD34+105+ cell lines (P=0.03) alongside an increase in peripheral CD34+105+ population (P=0.03). Conclusion: In summary, our study shows that BM-MNC transplantation in PBC patients leads to changes in immune cell populations and liver function. These findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of BM-MNC transplantation in managing PBC and offer insights into the dynamics of immune cells associated with this treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FACT is a developed technique for clearing tissues that does not use acrylamide. Since the removal of lipids is crucial for transparency and efficient antibody staining throughout the tissue, especially for microscopy and imaging, it is a harmful process that can cause the loss of important biological molecules such as proteins. The FACT technique overcomes this by chemically bonding the membrane and intracellular proteins with the extracellular matrix, creating a massive 3D hydrogel matrix and providing structural support to fortify the tissue during processing. Compared to other acrylamide-based techniques, the FACT technique requires less labor and harmful chemicals and is therefore considered a more suitable option. In this study, we describe the complete FACT protocol for antibody staining and imaging of whole-cleared tissues while preserving structure and improving image quality. The protocol includes tissue perfusion, fixation, clearing, antibody staining, refractive index matching (RIM) (), microscopy, and imaging. The timing for each step varies depending on the size, weight, and type of tissue, as well as the type of immunostaining. We provide an example of the FACT protocol using mouse brain tissue, which demonstrates its suitability for molecular interrogation analysis of large tissues. The FACT technique has been successfully performed on different types of tissues, making it a favorable choice for a variety of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliometric analysis explores the landscape of research on the associations between specific genotypes and the cardiovascular form of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major contributor to premature mortality, primarily due to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. The global prevalence of DM is rising, with projections indicating further increases. Diabetic neuropathy, a complication of DM, includes the cardiovascular subtype, posing challenges in diagnosis and management. Understanding the genetic basis of cardiovascular diabetic neuropathy is crucial for targeted therapeutic interventions. The study utilizes bibliometric analysis to synthesize existing literature, identify trends, and guide future research. The Scopus database was searched, applying inclusion criteria for English articles related to genotypes and cardiovascular diabetic neuropathy. The analysis reveals a dynamic field with a notable impact, collaborative efforts, and multidimensional aspects. Publication trends over 1997-2023 demonstrate fluctuating research intensity. Top journals, authors, and affiliations are highlighted, emphasizing global contributions. Keyword analysis reveals thematic trends, and citation analysis identifies influential documents. Limitations include database biases, incomplete metadata, and search query specificity. The urgent need to explore genetic factors in cardiovascular diabetic neuropathy aligns with the increasing global diabetes burden. This analysis provides a comprehensive overview, contributing to the broader discourse on diabetic neuropathy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Amniotic fluid-derived exosomes attenuated fibrotic changes in POI rats through modulation of the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway" published in the Journal of Ovarian Research. The authors reported that there were unintentional errors in Figures 3 and 4 of the original article, and the corrected figures are included in this correction. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The correction notice is authored by Nahideh Nazdikbin Yamchi, Shahin Ahmadian, Halimeh Mobarak, Farhad Amjadi, Rahim Beheshti, Amin Tamadon, Reza Rahbarghazi, and Mahdi Mahdipour. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: The escalating demand for ultra‐processed foods poses a growing concern due to its potential adverse effects on human health. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research and review articles investigating the intricate relationship between ultra‐processed foods and the gut microbiota. Employing rigorous search strategies across Scopus and Web of Science databases, we identified 211 English‐language articles. Utilising Biblioshiny and R‐tool Bibliometrix, we analysed publication and citation trends, prominent contributors, collaborative networks and influential journals. Our investigation reveals a consistent upward trajectory in both publications and citations over the past 42 years. Notably, the articles by Chassaing et al. (Nature, 519, 2015 and 92) and Thomas et al. (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2, 2011 and 93) stand out with the highest citation counts, highlighting their impact in research and review domains. The United States emerges as a key player, leading in both citations and productivity. 'Nutrients' emerges as a dominant journal in disseminating knowledge in this field. Importantly, our analysis extends beyond bibliometrics to glean insights into the actual impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota. Synthesising findings from the reviewed articles, we observe a nuanced relationship between ultra‐processed food consumption and alterations in the gut microbiota composition. While the specific 'dry' impact remains a focal point, our results underscore the need for targeted research to elucidate the molecular and functional implications of these dietary patterns on gut microbial communities. This 42‐year bibliometric journey underscores the increasing awareness and concern surrounding the impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota. The rising trend in publications and citations, coupled with our nuanced insights, emphasises the continued significance of this field. Researchers, policymakers and health professionals will find our study valuable for understanding the evolving landscape and addressing the broader implications of modern dietary trends on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major biological processes rely on the spatial organization of cells in complex, highly orchestrated three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Until the recent decade, most of information on spatial neural representation primarily came from microscopic imaging of "2D" (5-50 μm) tissue using traditional immunohistochemical techniques. However, serially sectioned and imaged tissue sections for tissue visualization can lead to unique non-linear deformations, which dramatically hinders scientists' insight into the structural organization of intact organs. An emerging technique known as CLARITY renders large-scale biological tissues transparent for 3D phenotype mapping and thereby, greatly facilitates structure-function relationships analyses. Since then, numerous modifications and improvements have been reported to push the boundaries of knowledge on tissue clearing techniques in research on assembled biological systems. This review aims to outline our current knowledge on next-generation protocols of fast free-of-acrylamide clearing tissue (FACT) and passive CLARITY (PACT). The most important question is what method we should select for tissue clearing, FACT or PACT. This review also highlights how FACT differs from PACT on spanning multiple dimensions of the workflow. We systematically compared a number of factors including hydrogel formation, clearing solution, and clearing temperatures between free-acrylamide and acrylamide-based passive sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) tissue clearing and discussed negative effects of polyacrylamide on clearing, staining, and imaging in detail. Such information may help to gain a perspective for interrogating neural circuits spatial interactions between molecules and cells and provide guidance for developing novel tissue clearing strategies to probe deeply into intact organ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymptomatic progression of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity poses a significant risk to breast cancer patients. In the present single-center cohort study, a predictive model for evaluating the risk of cardiotoxicity during or by the end of chemotherapy was designed. The risk-prediction nomogram was delineated and assessed. In total, 34 patients out of 120 developed asymptomatic cardiotoxicity (28.3%). Of six explored biomarkers, only B-type natriuretic peptide showed a reliable pattern of incremental increase, revealing statistical significance between cardiotoxicity "+" and "−" groups by visit 4 or by the 9th month of monitoring (p 0.006). The following predictors were included in the model: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, baseline glomerular filtration rate, 6 min walk test measured at visit 4, BNP values at visit 4, left ventricular ejection fraction levels at visit 4, a total dose of radiotherapy received, and anthracycline cumulative doses. The model's AUC was 0.72 (95% CI 0.59; 0.86), evidencing the satisfactory predictive ability of the model; sensitivity 100% (95% CI 90.36; 100.0) at a specificity of 66.67% (95% CI 50.33; 79.79); PPV 54.1% [95% CI 47.13; 60.91]; PVN 100% [95% CI 94.64; 100.00]. The calibration plot showed satisfactory agreement between predicted and actual chances (p = 0.98). The designed model can be applied in settings lacking speckle tracking echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a challenging issue in terms of reproduction biology. In this study, therapeutic properties of bone marrow CD146+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and CD144+ endothelial cells (ECs) were separately investigated in rats with POI. Methods: POI rats were classified into control POI, POI + CD146+ MSCs, and POI + CD144+ ECs groups. Enriched CD146+ MSCs and CD144+ ECs were directly injected into ovarian tissue (15 × 104 cells/10 µL) in relevant groups. After 4 weeks, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) levels were measured in blood samples. Ovarian tissues were collected and subjected to Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of angp-2, vegfr-2, smad-2, -4, -6, and tgf-ß1 was studied using qRT-PCR analysis. Histopathological examination indicated an increased pattern of atretic follicles in the POI group related to the control rats (P<0.0001). Results: Data indicated that injection of POI + CD146+ MSCs and CD144+ ECs in POI rats reduced atretic follicles and increased the number of normal follicles (P<0.01). Along with these changes, the content of blue-colored collagen fibers was diminished after cell transplantation. Besides, cell transplantation in POI rats had the potential to reduce increased FSH, and LH levels (P<0.05). In contrast, E2 content was increased in POI + CD146+ MSCs and POI + CD144+ ECs groups compared to control POI rats, indicating restoration of follicular function. CD144+ (smad-2, and -4) and CD146+ (smad-6) cells altered the activity of genes belonging TGF-ß signaling pathway. Unlike POI + CD146+ MSCs, aberrant angiogenesis properties were significantly down-regulated in POI + CD144+ ECs related to the control POI group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The transplantation of bone marrow CD146+ and CD144+ cells can lead to the restoration of ovarian tissue function in POI rats via modulating different mechanisms associated with angiogenesis and fibrosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we investigated the regenerative effects of amniotic fluid exosomes (AF-Exos) in a rat model for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). POI is a condition characterized by a decrease in ovarian function that can lead to infertility. We induced POI by administering cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 15 consecutive days, and then transplanted AF-Exos directly into both ovarian tissues. Four weeks later, we measured the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2), and performed histopathological evaluations using H & E and Masson's trichrome staining. We also monitored the expression of genes related to the TGF-β signaling pathway using real-time PCR and examined the fertility rate of POI rats after AF-Exos therapy. Histological analysis showed an increase in atretic follicles and a decrease in healthy follicle count after POI induction. Four weeks post-AF-Exos intervention, the healthy follicle count increased (p < 0.01) while the atretic follicle count decreased (p < 0.001). In parallel, the deposition of collagen fibers also decreased following AF-Exos transplantation. The concentrations of FSH and LH hormones in sera remained unchanged after injection of AF-Exos, while E2 levels increased (p < 0.05). The expression of Smad-4 (p < 0.01) and Smad-6 (p < 0.05) was upregulated in POI rats that received AF-Exos, while Smad-2, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-10 remained statistically unchanged. Our records showed a notable increase in litter number after AF-Exos compared to the non-treated POI rats. These results suggest that AF-Exos transplantation has the potential to restore ovarian function through the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in POI rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More research is being conducted on myocardial cell treatments utilizing stem cell lines that can develop into cardiomyocytes. All of the forms of cardiac illnesses have shown to be quite amenable to treatments using embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we reviewed the differentiation of these cell types into cardiomyocytes from an epigenetic standpoint. We also provided a miRNA network that is devoted to the epigenetic commitment of stem cells toward cardiomyocyte cells and related diseases, such as congenital heart defects, comprehensively. Histone acetylation, methylation, DNA alterations, N6-methyladenosine (m6a) RNA methylation, and cardiac mitochondrial mutations are explored as potential tools for precise stem cell differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilineage properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cause their contribution in repair of different tissue. Adipose tissue is considered a good source of MSCs because of its abundance and easy access. The aims of this study were to characterize and determine the differentiation properties and growth kinetics of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AT-SCs) from Syrian hamster. Fat tissue was isolated from the abdominal and pelvic regions of the hamster and by using type I collagenase, and cells were isolated and cultured. AT-SCs were characterized by morphology, cell surface markers, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiations. AT-SCs were transferred to 24 well plates, and the growth kinetic was assessed by evaluation of the population doubling time (PDT). To show the chromosome stability of the AT-SCs, karyotyping was done. Hamsters' AT-SCs showed fibroblast like morphology and expressed CD73 and CD29 but not CD45. AT-SCs could be differentiated to adipocytes and osteoblasts verified by Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining methods. The PDT of the passages 2 and 3 of the AT-SCs were 51.6 and 80.6 h, respectively. The karyotyping was normal until passage 4. Hamsters' AT-SCs showed mesenchymal properties denoting to these cells as a good source for the cell transplantation purposes in experimental and preclinical studies in hamster as an animal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recently, the decellularization technique is introduced as one of the tissue engineering procedures for the treatment of various deficiencies. Here, we aimed to assess the dynamic activity of CCs and HUVECs within decellularized bovine ovarian tissue transplanted subcutaneously in rats. Ovarian tissue was decellularized using a cocktail consisting of different chemicals, and the efficiency of decellularization was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin and DAPI staining. The cell survival was evaluated using an LDH leakage assay. Thereafter, decellularized samples were recellularized using HUVECs and CCs, encapsulated inside alginate (1.2%)-gelatin, (1%) hydrogel, and transplanted subcutaneously to rats. The existence of CD31- and estrogen-positive cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Bright-field imaging and DAPI staining revealed the lack of nuclei with naive matrix structure in ovarian tissue subjected to decellularization protocol. SEM imaging revealed a normal matrix in decellularized ovaries. LDH assay showed a lack of cytotoxicity for CCs after 7-days compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry staining showed both CD31- and estrogen-positive cells in CCs + HUVECs compared to the CCs group. CD31 cells appeared with flattened morphology aligned with matrix fibers. The existence of estrogen and CD31 positive cells showed the efficiency of decellularized ovarian tissue to restore cellular function and activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Measurement of pancreatic beta cell mass in animal models is a common assay in diabetes researches. Novel whole-organ clearance methods in conjunction with transgenic mouse models hold tremendous promise to improve beta cell mass measurement methods. Here, we proposed a refined method to estimate the beta cell mass using a new transgenic Tg(Pdx1-GFP) mouse model and a recently developed free-of-acrylamide clearing tissue (FACT) protocol. Methods: First, we generated and evaluated a Tg(Pdx1-GFP) transgenic mouse model. Using the FACT protocol in our model, we could quantify the beta cell mass and alloxan-induced beta cell destruction in whole pancreas specimens. Results: Compiled fluorescent images of pancreas resulted in enhanced beta cell mass characterization in FACT-cleared sections (2928869±120215 AU) compared to No-FACT cleared sections (1292372±325632 AU). Additionally, the total number of detected islets with this method was significantly higher than the other clearance methods (155.7 and 109, respectively). Using this method, we showed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression confined to beta cells in Tg(Pdx1-GFP) transgenic. This enhanced GFP expression enabled us to accurately measure beta cell loss in a beta cell destruction model. The results suggest that our proposed method can be used as a simple, and rapid assay for beta cell mass measurement in islet biology and diabetes studies. Conclusion: The Tg(Pdx1-GFP) transgenic mouse in conjunction with the FACT protocol can enhance large-scale screening studies in the field of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is still one of the most common causes of death today despite advances in its detection and treatment. The present article reviews the application of marine-based gold nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main data were collected from original research articles on the application of different marine-based gold nanoparticles in detecting and imaging cancer cells as well as in drug delivery systems and treatment of cancer. The results show the excellent anticancer potential of both gold nanoparticles and natural marine products. The most studied marine-based gold nanomaterial was chitosan-based ones, in which the role of chitosan is a stabilizer not an anticancer agent. Despite the excellent anticancer potential of different marine natural products, limited studies have been conducted using gold nanoparticles in their composition in cancer therapy. Moreover, most of these studies are related to their application as a drug delivery system not an anticancer drug. Although there are serious challenges in the application of nanoparticles in medicine, marine-based gold nanomaterials may promise an interesting novel strategy in the oncology field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine the effects of monensin in preparturient diet on postpartum milk production, energy metabolism, and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Forty Holstein dairy cows on close-up period were randomly divided into monensin treated (300 mg/day in close-up ration, top dress) and control groups. Body condition score (BCS) was estimated three weeks before and three weeks after calving. Milk production and milk fat percentage were recorded in both groups within 3 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected from five randomly selected cows of each group three weeks after calving. Serum concentrations of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin, glucose, and beta- hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were measured. Calving to the first observed estrus interval and calving to conception interval were compared between two groups. The results of the experiment showed that loss of BCS (P=0.3), increase of milk production (P=0.9), and milk fat percentage (P>0.05) were not significantly different between two groups during the period of study. In addition, mean serum glucose concentration (P=0.001) and serum insulin concentration (P=0.01) in monensin group were significantly higher than control cows in the first week postpartum. Moreover, serum BHBA concentration did not significantly change in monensin group. Serum IGF-I concentration in monensin group was significantly higher than control group in three weeks postpartum (P<0.01). The present study indicated that monensin treatment decreased calving to the first observed estrus interval (P=0.05) and calving to conception interval (P=0.002). In conclusion, supplementing the close-up ration can increase postpartum serum IGF-I concentration and prevent the increase of serum BHBA concentration. These may result in enhancement reproductive performance of high-producing dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]