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Magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus have been known to undergo dramatic structural changes during chronic stimulation such as osmotic stress. In the present study, we examined whether this anatomical neural plasticity is associated with an another stress, such as restraint. Rats were chronically stimulated by either dehydration with 2% saline drinking instead of water or daily restraint with leg immobilization. The structural reorganizations of MNCs in the SON were analyzed morphometrically with use of light and electron microscopy. The results were compared to control animals that had free access to water and food. In restraint rats, the soma size of both oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons was enlarged, and the percent of soma-somatic/dendritic membrane contact (juxtaposition) was elevated significantly. The number of total synapses per 100 μm soma membrane was not changed, although soma profiles were enlarged. However, the number of multiple synapses (which contacted with more than one postsynaptic element) per 100 μm soma membrane was significantly increased. Similar structural changes were observed in dehydrated animals, and the degree of morphological changes was stronger than the restraint one. These findings indicate that MNCs undergo structural plasticity during not only osmotic stress but also restraint stress.

Emission, excitation, and absorption spectra of 1,4-anthraquinone (1,4-AQ) have been measured in a degassed CCl4 fluid solution at different temperatures. It is shown that 1,4-AQ in CCl4 exhibits weak emission which can be attributed to the S2(&#960, &#960*) fluorescence at comparatively high temperature. The S2(&#960, &#960*) state is considered to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the S1(n, &#960*) state as well as with the T2(n, &#960*) and T1(&#960, &#960*) states. The present observation provides the first example of the S2 emission from the medium-size molecules containing C=O groups.

Specific heat measurements are reported for a polycrystalline, bulk sample of YBa2Cu4O8 prepared at high oxygen pressure. The magnitude of the idealized specific heat jump ΔCp/T at Tc (=80 ± 0.5K) is 15.5±2 mJ/K2-mole. The transition width ΔTc is about 3K. The size of the jump is greatly reduced compared to YBa2Cu3O7. The normal state magnetic susceptibility is somewhat smaller than in YBa2Cu3O7 and is temperature dependent. The results suggest a smaller electronic density of states for YBa2Cu4O8.

Fluorescence and absorption spectra have been measured for all-trans alpha,omega-diphenylpolyenes with one to seven polyene double bonds in room-temperature solution, along with the fluorescence spectra of those with one to six polyene double bonds in n-alkane matrices at 77 K. All the spectral data were fitted by sums of Gaussians to treat the Franck-Condon envelopes of the measured spectra quantitatively. The Franck-Condon analyses of the spectra in the harmonic limit revealed that the displacements of the C=C and C-C stretching vibrational modes in the 2 Ag state relative to those in the ground state, 1 1Ag(S0), increase, while those in the 1 1Bu state show a slight decrease with the increase of the polyene chain length. It is also shown that the bandwidths of the absorption and fluorescence spectra exhibit a monotonic decrease with the increase of the chain length.

Emission spectra have been measured for well defined poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane)s with different diphenylsiloxane contents and diphenylsiloxane unit distributions in a dilute organic solvent at room temperature and in a rigid glass at 77 K. At room temperature monomer and excimer fluorescence have been observed, the quantum yields of which depend strongly on the diphenylsiloxane content as well as on the diphenylsiloxane unit distribution. At 77 K the emission consists of the monomer fluorescence and phosphorescence, the relative intensity of which is almost independent of the diphenylsiloxane content. Dependence of the monomer and excimer fluorescence yields on the diphenylsiloxane content and diphenylsiloxane unit distribution has been analysed.

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) gels containing different amounts of cholesteryl anthraquinone-2-carboxylate (CAQ), used as a gelling agent, have been prepared and the phosphorescence spectra of CAQ contained in the gels were measured at 77 K. Two forms of CAQ, free and crystalline, were identified through the phosphorescence measurements, and the relative amounts were determined. It is shown that the relative amount of crystalline CAQ in the gel decreases with decreasing bulk CAQ content.

This paper describes the characteristic and the physical picture of a parasitic disturbance, which can occur because of the drift motion of probing beam ions trapped at the plasma edge, in active neutral particle measurements for magnetically confined fusion devices. In the JT-60 experiments, the disturbance is observed under the condition in which a neutral particle analyzer views the high recycling region, i.e., the divertor, and the occurrence of the parasitic effect is substantially dependent on the safety factor at the plasma boundary. Also discussed are the validity of our interpretation and some measures for avoiding the disturbance.

Human Placental Anemia Inducing Factor (PAIF) was purified from crude placental preparation called P- 62, which had common biological and immunological natures with the same preparation from gastric juice, gastric tissues, serum and urine of patients with malignant neoplasma, especially gastric cancer. The obtained PAIF was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gave a specific band in the region of gamma-A and/or gamma-M globulin on immunoelectrophoresis. The purified PAIF induced anemia in rabbits by intravenous administration at a dose of 2.7 micrograms/Kg of body weight. No cross antigenicity of PAIF was observed with alpha-Fetoprotein. HBs antigen and CEA. Serum AIF of patients was measured using PAIF as a standard by radioimmunoassay. AIF levels in sera of patients with malignant neoplasma were significant high compared with those of control groups.

Chemical compositions in micro areas of a BiSrCaCu 2 O x ceramic have been analyzed by an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer. There are at least three phases with different chemical compositions. There are Bi 2 Sr 1.7 Ca 1.2 Cu 2 O c , Bi 0.04 Sr 0.6 Ca 0.7 Cu 2 O a and Bi 4.3 Sr 2.2 Ca 1.1 Cu 2 O b . The first phase is identified as the superconducting phase with the onset T c at about 85 K. The third phase shows semiconducting behavior with a temperature-dependent resistivity. A BiSrCaCu 2 O x ceramic consists mostly of the stratified Bi 2 Sr 1.7 Ca 1.2 Cu 2 O c phase.

The plasmalemma surface of poplar parenchyma cells observed by the freeze etching technique is characterized by 11 nm particles, primary pit fields, lomasome-like structures and fibrillar structures.

The temperature dependence of the resistivity for quickly quenched LnBa 2 Cu x ceramics, with with Ln=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb, has been investigated. It is shown that for the materials LnBa 2 Cu 3 O x , with Ln=Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm, the oxygen vacancy phase with T c =60 K exists, although for the materials with Ln=Nd and Yb the existence of the T c =60 K phase is not clear. The onset T c of the T c =60 K phase changes slightly depending on Ln involved in LnBa 2 Cu 3 O x , Analysis of these data includes the determination of the lattice constants of the materials quenched at different temperatures.

Time dependent formation processes of LnBa 2 Cu 3 O x ( rmLn = La , Nd , Sm , Eu , Gd , Dy , Ho , Er , Tm , Yb , and Lu ) from mixtures of Ln 2 O 3 , BaCO 3 and CuO have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. It is shown that intermediate by-products formed during the formation of LnBa 2 Cu 3 O x are classified into two types on Ln. Ln 2 CuO 4 and BaCuO 2 are formed for Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd, while Ln 2 Cu 2 O 5 , Ln 2 BaCuO 5 and BaCuO 2 are formed as intermediate by-products for Ln = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. These data include the determination of lattice constants of a group of materials, Ln 2 BaCuO 5 .

A large vacuum chamber (580 mm diameter) was fabricated from an aluminum alloy surface treated by a special process normally used on small chambers. The chamber was tested unbaked and baked at various temperatures, pressures, and holding periods. The chamber was filled with N2 gas, and the outgassing rate was measured after one hour. Then the ultimate pressure was measured. Outgassing rates for baked and unbaked groups were compared. It is concluded that the same surface treatment technique can be used on both large and small chambers produced by the same special extrusion process.

The phosphorescence quantum yield of benzaldehyde vapour has been measured as a function of excitation energy and pressure (1–300 Torr) of nitrogen as a foreign gas. It is shown that the yield varies greatly as the excitation energy is varied from S0→S2 to S0→S3, indicating that benzaldehyde excited into S3 decays by a non-radiative process which is different from that taken by the molecule excited into S2.

The development of linear cellulose synthesizing complexes (=TCs) of two selected siphonocladalean algae,Boergesenia forbesii andValonia ventricosa was investigated by following the time course of the regeneration of cell walls with the freeze fracture technique after aplanospore induction. The following structural changes of TC development were examined: (1) TCs initiatede novo; (2) the first nucleation of TC subunits occurs within 2 hr inBoergesenia and 5 hr inValonia after aplanospore induction, immediately followed by the assembly of cellulose microfibrils; (3) TCs increase their length during the assembly of randomly oriented microfibrils; and, (4) TCs stop increasing in length after the assembly of ordered microfibrils begins, with some time lag. The data demonstrate that linear TCs are not artificial products but dynamic entities which are involved in the assembly of cellulose microfibrils.

Emission and excitation spectra of p-benzoquinone vapour have been measured at the pressure range from 0·2 to 3 Torr as well as at high total pressure (∼ 100 Torr) in the presence of an added foreign gas. It is shown that p-benzoquinone vapour excited into 1 B 3g (π, π*) exhibits fluorescence from high vibrational levels in the 1 B 1g (n, π*) state in addition to the phosphorescence, 3 Au (n, π*) → 1 g , at low pressure. The quantum yield of the fluorescence increases as the pressure is lowered, while that of the phosphorescence decreases to approach zero. The phosphorescence quantum yield varies markedly according to the nature of the singlet state to which the molecule is initially excited. On the basis of the pressure and excitation-energy dependence of the emission quantum yields, the occurrence of the fluorescence is interpreted in terms of a mechanism involving reversible intersystem crossing. It is shown also that the fluorescence at high total pressure exhibits a character of thermally activated d...

The S1 (2 1Ag) and S2 (1 1Bu) fluorescence intensities for diphenylhexatriene and diphenyloctatetraene in room temperature solvents with different polarizabilities have been analyzed quantitatively with a refined treatment. The coupling constants between the S1 and S2 states have been evaluated to be 140 and 90 cm−1 for diphenylhexatriene and diphenyloctatetraene, respectively. These values are compared with those obtained from the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes.

The phosphorescence quantum yields of benzaldehyde, acetophenone, p-fluorobenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzal-dehyde, and benzophenone vapors, measured at low pressure down to the order of 10−3 Torr as a function of excitation wavelength, are essentially constant in the region of excitation energy corresponding to the S1(n, π*) state, whereas the yields decrease very sharply as the excitation energy is raised to the value corresponding to the S2(π, π*) state. This indicates that the nonradiative pathway in the carbonyl compound varies according to the type of the singlet state to which the molecule is initially excited. When excited to the S1 and S2 states, the molecule passes to the phosphorescent triplet state and a decomposing state, respectively. Two mechanisms are suggested and examined for understanding the nonradiative properties of the carbonyl compound vapors: (I) The internal conversion S2→S1 is slow compared with the conversion from S2 to the decomposing state; (II) the vibrational energy redistributi...

Protoplasts of Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) were treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis in order to investigate their effects on cellulose synthesis. Cellulose synthesis was reversibly inhibited by 10 μM cycloheximide as assayed by fluorescence microscopy of Tinopal binding to cellulose. Freeze fracture and image analysis of cycloheximide- treated cells indicated a reduction in the number of intramembrane particles; however, the terminal synthesizing complexes remained at all times. Treatment with 10 μM actinomycin D, when applied during the first hour of protoplast formation, irreversibly inhibits cellulose synthesis and terminal complex formation. De novo protein synthesis is required for cell wall regeneration by protoplasts. The data suggest that the structural subunits visualized in the terminal complex do not undergo significant turnover, but that there may exist an essential proteinaceous component of cellulose synthesis which must be continually renewed.

Compression wood in some softwoods having helical thickenings on the inner surface of normal wood tracheids were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Helical thickenings of Taxus, Torreya and Cephalotaxus have narrow bases, and are loosely attached to the innermost layer of the secondary wall, while those of Pseudotsuga, Picea and Larix have broad bases blended tightly with the microfibrils of the S3 layer in normal wood. The transition from normal to compression wood entails a preservation of the thickenings in Taxus, Torreya and Cephalotaxus, while they are replaced by helical ridges and cavities in Pseudotsuga, Picea and Larix. The direction of helical thickenings gradually changes from an S- to a Z-helix, or a Z- to an S-helix in the course of the transition from normal to compression wood, or vice versa in Taxus, Torreya and Cephalotaxus. Helical checks never occur in these species. In Pseudotsuga, however, helical thickenings can be deposited as an additional layer on the helical ridges. The results obtained in the present investigation revealed that the orientation of the thickenings did not always coincide with that of the innermost microfibrils of the secondary wall layers, indicating that helical thickenings may be considered as a layer independent of the secondary wall.

A clinicopathological study was undertaken in 74 patients with scirrhous carcinoma of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer. (1) Macroscopically, the majority belonged to the linitis plastica type with giant folds. Most tumors measured 6-15 cm in diameter. (2) Total gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy (R2 and above) were performed in 77.0%, and gastrectomy with perigastric organ resection in 55.4%. (3) Histological examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in most cases. The depth of gastric wall invasion exceeded “se” in many cases. (4) Liver metastasis and peritoneal dissemination occurred at rates of 5.4% and 35.1%, respectively. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was a high 81.1%. (5) Cross-sections of the ends of excised tissue specimens disclosed a high incidence of tumor infiltration (23.0%). (6) The overall prognosis of scirrhous gastric carcinoma was exceedingly poor. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 59.5%, 16.1% and 9.3%, respectively. In comparing curative resection and non-curative resectin, no significant differences were found in survival rates except for the 1-year survival rate (p

The McMillan's electron-phonon coupling constant λ was calculated by the McMillan-Allen-Dynes equation from the available experimental results, including measurements on resistivity, Hall coefficient, Seebeck coefficient, specific heat and plasma reflectivity. A simple single band was assumed to obtain the electron-electron repulsion coefficient µ * by the Morel-Anderson equation. The coupling constant λ increases with bismuth content x , reaching 1.15 to 1.32 at x =0.2 where T c is 10.7 K, indicating that BaPb 1- x Bi x O 3 is a strong-coupling superconductor in spite of its reported low density of states N ( E F ). The value λ/ N ( E F ) of this material was found out to be extremely large if compared with conventional high T c superconductors. Furthermore the metal-semiconductor phase transition observed in this system is suggested to be induced as the result of the strong electron-phonon interaction.

The emission spectra of 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) vapors have been investigated at various temperatures in the presence of added foreign gases (≈100 Torr). The results indicate that in both NQ, and MNQ, the emission consists of T1(n, π*)→S0 phosphorescence and weak E-type delayed fluorescence, S1(n, π*)→S0, the latter lying at higher frequencies. This new interpretation of the vaporphase emission spectra of the naphthoquinones, which is substantially different from the interpretations given by previous authors, is based on and consistent with the following observations: (1) When the temperature is raised, the ratio of the fluorescence intensity to the phosphorescence intensity increases; (2) the S1–T2 energy separations, 1365±60 and 1500±200 cm−1 for NQ, and MNQ, respectively, determined from the temperature dependence of the emission intensities agree with the corresponding values obtained from spectral data; (3) the emission lifetimes obtained by monitoring the fluore...

Specific heat coefficient of BaPb 1- x Bi x O 3 at low temperatures was measured by the thermal relaxation method. Although the discontinuity in the specific heat C at the superconducting transition temperature T c could not be detected, it was clearly observed in the lowest experimental temperature region that C in the superconducting state at zero magnetic field was smaller than in the normal state at H =59 kOe. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ increased with x until x =0.25 and then decreased above, corresponding to the composition dependence of T c . However, the γ value, e.g. 1.6 mJ mole -1 K -2 at x =0.25, was one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those of the other typical high T c superconducting metals. The Debye temperature was in the range 166 K to 196 K for 0 ≤ x ≤0.3.

Fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of single crystal and polycrystalline solutions of diphenyldecapentaene in n‐decane and diphenyldodecahexaene in n‐dodecane have been measured at 77 and 4.2 K. At 4.2 K the spectra are well resolved (FWHM bandwidths ≂10 cm−1) and, for the principal site, the energy for the 2 1Ag(S1) to 1 1Ag(S0) origin band of diphenyldecapentaene in n‐decane is 20 133.3 cm−1 and that of diphenyldodecahexaene in n‐dodecane is 18 261.4 cm−1. Analysis of these data includes the determination of fluorescence decay rates and C–C and C=C vibrational frequencies in the ground and excited states.Fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of single crystal and polycrystalline solutions of diphenyldecapentaene in n‐decane and diphenyldodecahexaene in n‐dodecane have been measured at 77 and 4.2 K. At 4.2 K the spectra are well resolved (FWHM bandwidths ≂10 cm−1) and, for the principal site, the energy for the 2 1Ag(S1) to 1 1Ag(S0) origin band of diphenyldecapentaene in n‐decane is 20 133.3 cm−1 and that of diphenyldodecahexaene in n‐dodecane is 18 261.4 cm−1. Analysis of these data includes the determination of fluorescence decay rates and C–C and C=C vibrational frequencies in the ground and excited states.

Etude de l'evolution, en fonction du temps, de la taille des cristallites de ZnO 2 obtenus par calcination, a differentes temperatures, de zircone hydratee precipitee. Coexistence des transformations: amorphe, phase tetragonale et phase tetragonale-phase monoclinique

Three types of microfibrillar orientation, namely parallel, perpendicular and oblique to the main cell axis were found not only in the innermost surface of but also throughout the developing wall. Furthermore, three types of microtubule orientation, namely parallel, perpendicular and oblique to the main cell axis, were found, coinciding with those of microfibrils. As a whole, the wall was shown to be a crossed polylamellate structure.