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Abstract Background Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), is capable of infecting several host species, including humans. Recently, ancient DNA from this organism was recovered from pre-Columbian mummies of Peru, sparking debate over the origin and frequency of tuberculosis in the Americas prior to European colonization. Results We present the first comparative genomic study of this bacterial species, starting from the genome sequencing of two M. pinnipedii isolates (MP1 and MP2) obtained from different organs of a stranded South American sea lion. Our results indicate that MP1 and MP2 differ by 113 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 46 indels, constituting the first report of a mixed-strain infection in a sea lion. SNP annotation analyses indicate that genes of the VapBC family, a toxin-antitoxin system, and genes related to cell wall remodeling are under evolutionary pressure for protein sequence change in these strains. OrthoMCL analysis with seven modern isolates of M. pinnipedii shows that these strains have highly similar proteomes. Gene variations were only marginally associated with hypothetical proteins and PE/PPE (proline-glutamate and proline-proline-glutamate, respectively) gene families. We also detected large deletions in ancient and modern M. pinnipedii strains, including a few occurring only in modern strains, indicating a process of genome reduction occurring over the past one thousand years. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest the existence of two modern clusters of M. pinnipedii associated with geographic location, and possibly host species, and one basal node associated with the ancient M. pinnipedii strains. Previously described MiD3 and MiD4 deletions may have occurred independently, twice, over the evolutionary course of the MTBC. Conclusion The presence of superinfection (i.e. mixed-strain infection) in this sea lion suggests that M. pinnipedii is highly endemic in this population. Mycobacterium pinnipedii proteomes of the studied isolates showed a high degree of conservation, despite being under genomic decay when compared to M. tuberculosis. This finding indicates that further genomes need to be sequenced and analyzed to increase the chances of finding variably present genes among strains or that M. pinnipedii genome remodeling occurred prior to bacterial speciation.

Resumo Introdução A crescente utilização de recursos de terapia intensiva neonatal para manter a vida dos recém-nascidos enfermos pode gerar estímulos dolorosos, causando sofrimento a eles. Porém, nem sempre essa dor é percebida pelos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado, embora já exista um interesse crescente por parte deles nesse sentido. Objetivo Avaliar a percepção de dor do recém-nascido por profissionais de saúde que atuam em unidade neonatal. Método Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória, realizada em um hospital de referência em cuidado neonatal de uma capital do Nordeste. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com todos os profissionais que atuavam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e/ou na Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários em cuidado direto com o recém-nascido. Utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática, e os resultados foram agrupados em categorias. Resultados Foram realizadas 36 entrevistas. Os profissionais entrevistados reconheceram que a dor neonatal foi historicamente negligenciada e que hoje as evidências científicas comprovam sua existência. Foram identificadas carência na formação no tema e fragilidade na aplicação do conhecimento na prática. Conclusão Os profissionais têm conhecimento sobre a dor neonatal, entretanto quase não utilizam os parâmetros fisiológicos e possuem pouco conhecimento sobre a literatura científica atual. O principal desafio diz respeito à necessidade de uso sistemático de escalas que garantam a avaliação da dor.

Objetivo: compreender a percepção e a atitude de pais e mães de recém-nascidos internados em Unidade Neonatal sobre a dor de seus filhos. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória. Realizou-se vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas com genitores de neonatos abordando a relação entre profissionais de saúde e seus filhos, e sua abordagem ante eventos dolorosos. Realizou-se Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: os genitores perceberam dor pelo comportamento do filho e atribuíram como causa, procedimentos dolorosos e prematuridade. Alguns procedimentos não dolorosos foram elencados como tal, como retirada de esparadrapo. Mães, comparadas aos pais, apresentaram-se mais sensíveis à identificação da dor. Quanto à atitude diante desta, alguns citaram cuidados, outros, fuga e alguns relataram pedir ajuda aos profissionais. Conclusão: oferecer suporte aos pais pode fazer com que se sintam mais seguros para o cuidado do filho, mesmo diante da dor. Assim, podem assumir postura ativa diante da percepção da dor em seus recém-nascidos.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objectives of the present study were to develop a method for longitudinally measuring tooth rotation, inclination and angulation on digital models, and to test the method validity and reliability. Methods: The initial and final planned models of 14 patients treated with Invisalign® (386 teeth) were exported from ClinCheck®. The rotation, inclination and angulation values were assessed for the incisors, canines, premolars and molars, in both models, using trigonometry. An application was developed in Python 2.7 to automate the measurements. The ∆planned (variation in the position between the initial and final planned models) was obtained for each tooth and each type of movement. To test the validity, the degree of agreement between the ∆planned and the values available in the Invisalign® Table of Movements was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. For intra and inter-rater reliabilities, the ∆planned was obtained again. Results: Excellent ICCs (> 0.9) and limits of agreement with narrow and clinically acceptable discrepancies were obtained for the rotation of all teeth (except maxillary canines, which had broader limits: -3.47 - 5.43) and for the inclination of premolars and molars. The inclination of anterior teeth and angulation of all teeth had ICCs and limits that were not indicative of great agreement. The reliability was high for the three movements (discrepancy

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma prática experimental com materiais do cotidiano para obtenção de nanopartículas magnéticas e uma proposta didática com o tema Nanociências e Nanotecnologia, baseada na abordagem CTSA. As NPmag foram caracterizadas por espalhamento de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A proposta aliou a atividade experimental, discussões referentes à caracterização, introdução aos temas e suas aplicações. Os resultados da caracterização sugerem que a metodologia para obtenção das NPmag é eficiente para fins didáticos e a proposta didática proporcionou aprendizagem de conteúdos científicos e suas aplicações.

BackgroundIn the absence of a gold standard criterion for diagnosing prosthetic joint infections (PJI), sonication of the removed implant may provide superior microbiological identification to synovial fluid and peri-implant tissue cultures. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of sonication culture compared to tissue cultures for diagnosing PJI, using different consensus and international guidelines for PJI definition.MethodsData of 146 patients undergoing removal of hip or knee arthroplasties between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The International Consensus Meeting (ICM-2018), Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS), and a modified clinical criterion, were used to compare the performance of microbiological tests. McNemar´s test and proportion comparison were employed to calculate p-value.ResultsOverall, 56% (82/146) were diagnosed with PJI using the clinical criteria. Out of these cases, 57% (47/82) tested positive on tissue culture and 93% (76/82) on sonication culture. Applying this clinical criterion, the sensitivity of sonication fluid and tissue cultures was 92.7% (95% CI: 87.1%- 98.3%) and 57.3% (95% CI: 46.6%-68.0%) (pConclusionsIn a context where diagnostic criteria available have shortcomings and tissue cultures remain the gold standard, sonication cultures can aid PJI diagnosis, especially when diagnostic criteria are inconclusive due to some important missing data (joint puncture, histology).

Leishmaniasis is an infectious parasitic disease that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, a member of the Trypanosomatidae family. Leishmaniasis is classified by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease that is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Although there are many possible treatments for leishmaniasis, these treatments remain mostly ineffective, expensive, and long treatment, as well as causing side effects and leading to the development of resistance. For novel and effective treatments to combat leishmaniasis, many research groups have sought to utilize natural products. In addition to exhibiting potential as therapeutic compounds, natural products may also contribute to the development of new drugs based on their chemical structures. This review presents the most promising natural products, including crude extracts and isolated compounds, employed against Leishmania spp.

A retrospective study revealed ten cases of emphysematous ingluvitis in Loriinae birds from two zoological collections between 2009 and 2020. Common clinical features were sudden death with gas distention of the crop, subcutaneous cervical emphysema and poor body condition, but also included collapse, hypothermia and abandonment. Macroscopic examination revealed moderate crop enlargement, distention and thickening with minimal intraluminal content, and moderate to severe submucosal to transmural gas-filled cysts (emphysema). Histopathology identified widespread transmural multifocal to coalescing empty pseudo-cystic cavities with lytic necrosis, pyo-/granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates, epithelial ulceration, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, epithelial ballooning degeneration, and occasional intralesional rod-shaped bacteria. The lesion may have impaired the birds' ability to ingest food, resulting in suboptimal body condition. Necrotizing to granulomatous aspiration pneumonia was also a feature in some cases. Anaerobic bacterial culture of four crops identified Clostridium perfringens with associated toxin genes for alpha and occasionally beta2 toxin (cpa and cpb2 genes respectively), by PCR analysis of bacterial isolates cultured from fresh or frozen tissue. C. perfringens was identified as the common etiological agent of emphysematous ingluvitis in crop and/or liver (six out of ten birds), and type A was confirmed in five birds. C. perfringens was not detected in the crop nor liver of two unaffected Loriinae birds. This is the first publication that characterizes nectarivorous bird emphysematous ingluvitis (NBEI), attributes C. perfringens as an etiological agent, and highlights this novel disease as an important cause of death in Loriinae birds, particularly in nestling and fledgling stage of development, but also in older lorikeets and lories.

The development of Eragrostis plana and Eragrostis pilosa was evaluated in a greenhouse when submitted to different soil moisture conditions. The design was completely randomized, consisting of a factorial 2x3, with the following factors: Eragrostis accessions and soil moisture levels (50% of water retention capacity (WRC), 100% of WRC and soil with water depth of 10 cm). The morphological-anatomical parameters of the plants were evaluated and the aerenchyma and adventitious roots were quantified. In addition, the photosynthetic pigments and the electron transport capacity of the photosynthetic chain were quantified, with the intention of verifying if the amount of water in the soil interferes with these parameters. Similar responses were observed between the two species when submitted to a water table environment, where there were larger aerenchymal formations in the roots and stems, as well as adventitious roots at the soil surface, inferring adaptations for survival to anaerobic stress. Negative effects on the transport of electrons and the formation of chlorophyll pigments were observed for both species when submitted to the hypoxic environment and, consequently, there was reduction of dry mass of shoot and roots, as well as reduction in the emission of tiller. It is concluded that the irrigation water management and the water blade in the rice crop are important, together with the control of invasive plants, considering the negative effects caused to the growth and development of these plants

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a formação e a capacitação em dança do professor de Arte e de Educação Física das Escolas Municipais de Ensino Fundamental de Porto Alegre, RS. Os sujeitos de pesquisa foram 91 professores de 22 escolas municipais, sendo 36, da disciplina de Arte; e, 55, da Educação Física. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário de perguntas fechadas e abertas. A análise dos dados ocorreu através da determinação de duas categorias: perfil do professor de dança: formação e capacitação; e, perfil do professor de dança: atuação na escola. Os resultados obtidos refletiram uma realidade específica de uma época, demonstrando que os egressos de licenciaturas em dança ainda não estavam inseridos no ensino fundamental de escolas municipais de Porto Alegre.

Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis in humans and frequently devastates livestock and wildlife worldwide. Previous studies suggested the existence of genetic groups of M. bovis strains based on limited DNA markers (a.k.a. clonal complexes), and the evolution and ecology of this pathogen has been only marginally explored at the global level. We have screened over 2,600 publicly available M. bovis genomes and newly sequenced four wildlife M. bovis strains, gathering 1,969 genomes from 23 countries and at least 24 host species, including humans, to complete a phylogenomic analyses. We propose the existence of four distinct global lineages of M. bovis (Lb1, Lb2, Lb3, and Lb4) underlying the current disease distribution. These lineages are not fully represented by clonal complexes and are dispersed based on geographic location rather than host species. Our data divergence analysis agreed with previous studies reporting independent archeological data of ancient M. bovis (South Siberian infected skeletons at ∼2,000 years before present) and indicates that extant M. bovis originated between 715 and 3,556 years BP, with later emergence in the New World and Oceania, likely influenced by trades among countries.

Objetivo: conhecer o acesso e a qualidade ao Papanicolaou a partir do olhar das usuárias e da cobertura dos exames realizados. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada com 30 mulheres e para os dados secundários, o SISCOLO. Resultados: As participantes em sua maioria tinham entre 35 a 44 anos, iniciado vida sexual antes dos 19 anos e 30% apresentavam conhecimento inadequado sobre o exame. A análise de conteúdo temática resultou em três categorias: acesso/conhecimento; sentimentos, ética e confidencialidade/informação; acolhimento e avaliação da assistência prestada pela enfermeira. Conclusão: O longo tempo de espera e a falta de confidencialidade nos resultados (92%) são elementos dificultadores do acesso. As principias lesões foram as de baixo grau e entre as mulheres com 25 a 29 anos. Portanto, o rastreamento para o câncer de colo do útero mostrou-se pouco efetivo, desigual e com baixa cobertura.

The environment around the residence could contribute to attenuate or increase time spent in sedentary activities, and in low energy expenditure activities (1.5 METS) in adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sedentary time and perceived neighborhood environment in adolescents aged 12-17 years living in southern Brazil. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted from August 2013 to May 2014, with a sample of adolescents (12-17 years), recruited from 32 census tracts in Curitiba, Brazil. All census tracts were selected according to walkability and income characteristics. Perceived environment was assessed through the NEWS-Y questionnaire, and sedentary time along seven days was obtained through accelerometers (GT1M, GT3x and GT3x+). Linear regression models were used to test the associations, and included age, nutritional status, socioeconomic level and education level as confounding variables. All analyses were performed considering p-value

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas do Storytelling, dentro do contexto organizacional, sob a perspectiva do seu lado negativo e obscuro, envolvendo tanto o contador como o ouvinte de histórias. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e como estratégia de pesquisa um estudo qualitativo genérico. As técnicas de coletas utilizadas forma a entrevista semiestruturada e a entrevista narrativa. Os participantes do estudo foram gestores e empresários que atuam nas organizações há pelo menos 10 anos. Desta forma foi possível identificar as práticas de Storytelling nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais. Foi possível identificar o que se denominou como o lado negro do storytelling, evidenciando o perigo que as histórias podem causar para as pessoas, não somente quando mal-intencionadas, mas também inconscientemente, por meio de aspectos imprevisíveis que podem causar problemas futuros ao se contar uma história. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo destaca-se primeiro, a contribuição teórica, que está na reflexão sobre o aprofundamento da temática storytelling explicitando seus motivadores e resultados. Segundo, a contribuição gerencial está em sugerir aos gestores o aprimoramento do uso do storytelling como uma forma de desenvolvimento e sua efetiva aplicação dentro das organizações, podendo auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisão. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o Storytelling sob a perspectiva do seu lado negativo, envolvendo tanto o contador de histórias como o ouvinte. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e como estratégia de pesquisa um estudo qualitativo genérico. Para seleção dos respondentes, buscou-se entrevistar gestores e empresários que atuavam nas organizações há pelo menos 10 anos, sendo estes participantes de setores distintos. Pode-se identificar as práticas de Storytelling nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais, aumentando a diversidade de elementos que emergem nestes contextos. O número de entrevistados que compõe esta investigação totalizam 12 gestores e empresários. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo, destaca-se a reflexão sobre o aprofundamento da temática storytelling. Foi possível identificar o que se denominou como o lado negro do storytelling, buscou-se evidenciar o perigo que as histórias podem causar para as pessoas, não somente quando mal-intencionadas, mas também existem aspectos imprevisíveis que podem causar problemas futuros ao se contar uma história.