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Summary Mitigating inter‐area low‐frequency oscillations is a significant concern in multi‐machine power systems due to their adverse effects on system stability. These oscillations are intricately linked with power oscillations. So appropriate power modulation through the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be an effective strategy for preserving system stability. In this paper, the maximal of all minimal residue indices under variations in power system operating conditions is utilized as the index for identifying the location for installation of the BESS, the damping control loop, and the feedback signal. A fixed‐structure H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ scheme‐based wide‐area damping controller (WADC) is proposed for the BESS, providing sufficient damping of inter‐area oscillation modes. A modified IEEE 39‐bus system is simulated using a real‐time digital simulator as a test system in this work. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed WADC could effectively damp various inter‐area oscillation modes. Furthermore, it offers robust damping performance over contingencies associated with the system's various operating scenarios as well as the uncertainty associated with fixed and variable communication delays in the feedback signal of WADC and the integration of solar photovoltaic systems. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the proposed WADC is carried out with a BESS‐based wide‐area power system stabilizer, which is found to be more effective in mitigating system inter‐area oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess changes in corneal parameters 6 months after corneal cross-linking for progressive keratoconus, using the ABCD system. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between January 1 and July 30, 2022. This study included 16 eyes of 16 patients with keratoconus who underwent corneal cross-linking at the same hospital and were at least 18 years old. At least one preoperative (T0) and one postoperative examination was performed for each patient. Six months after the procedure (T1), patients underwent corneal tomography. The parameters A, B, C, and D were also evaluated. Other parameters monitored included maximal keratometry (Kmax) (K1 and K2), Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display, and index vertical asymmetry. The progression of ectasia was identified by a consistent change in at least two parameters: steepening of the anterior corneal surface or the posterior corneal surface, thinning or an increase in the rate at which the corneal thickness changed from the periphery to the thinnest point, where the magnitude of the change was greater than the normal noise of the testing system. Results: Among the patients, 68.8% were men. The patients' average age was 25.8± 5 years. Throughout the 6-month postoperative follow-up, parameters A, B, and C exhibited substantial changes (P = 0.000 for parameters A, B, and C). Parameter A increased 6 months after surgery, whereas parameters B and C decreased. Preoperatively and 6 months after surgery, Kmax, K1, and Belin/Ambrosio-enhanced ectasia demonstrated substantial differences. However, parameter D, K2, and the average pachymetric progression index did not change significantly. Conclusion: Anterior and posterior corneal curvatures and corneal thickness profiles can be useful for monitoring the progression of keratoconus and the success of the corneal cross-linking operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lowering expression of prion protein (PrP) is a wellvalidated therapeutic strategy in prion disease, but additional modalities are urgently needed. In other diseases, small molecules have proven capable of modulating pre-mRNA splicing, sometimes by forcing inclusion of cryptic exons that reduce gene expression. Here, we characterize a cryptic exon located in human PRNP’s sole intron and evaluate its potential to reduce PrP expression through incorporation into the 50 untranslated region. This exon is homologous to exon 2 in nonprimate species but contains a start codon that would yield an upstream open reading frame with a stop codon prior to a splice site if included in PRNP mRNA, potentially downregulating PrP expression through translational repression or nonsensemediated decay. We establish a minigene transfection system and test a panel of splice site alterations, identifying mutants that reduce PrP expression by as much as 78%. Our findings nominate a new therapeutic target for lowering PrP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to address the problem of synchronization between two identical biological hyperchaotic snap oscillator systems with unknown parameters at a fixed time, as well as to design a new theory for synchronizing two different chaotic systems. Firstly, we designed an adaptive controller using Lyapunov stability and fixed-time stability theory to achieve synchronization between two identical biological hyperchaotic snap oscillator in fixed time under unknown parameters. Among the results obtained, we found that the synchronization time for system states occurred in a very short time compared to results in previous research. Secondly, we extended and generalized synchronization between non-identical chaotic systems by creating a theory for achieving synchronization in which adaptive control and fixed-time stability are combined. Through the new theory, the unknown parameters in chaotic systems were estimated, and the settling time was determined, which turned out to be very short and independent of the initial conditions of the system states. One of what makes the scheme important is that it can be easily applied to most chaotic and even hyperchaotic systems in the shortest possible time. Finally, we gave examples of different systems to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme that was designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the start of the mandatory nationwide bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) eradication program in Germany in 2011, the number of persistently infected (PI) animals has decreased considerably, resulting in a continuous decrease in seroprevalence. The increasingly BVD-naive cattle population could facilitate spillover infections with non-BVDV ruminant pestiviruses. Here, we report two cases in which novel pestiviruses were isolated from cattle; in both cases, the whole genome sequence showed the highest level of identity to strain "Pestivirus reindeer-1". Both novel viruses gave positive results in BVDV diagnostic test systems, confirming that cross-reactivity is an important issue in pestivirus diagnostics. In the first case, the pestivirus was probably transmitted from sheep kept with the affected cattle, suggesting that the co-housing of small ruminants and cattle is a risk factor. The source of infection could not be determined in the second case. The occurrence of these two cases in independent cattle holdings within a relatively short time frame suggests that it would be useful to determine the presence of pestiviruses in small ruminants or even wild ruminants to better assess risk factors, especially for BVDV-free populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propeller performance of small loitering munition is easily affected by the smaller blade size and lager hub ratio. A loitering munition encountered the problems of propeller speed is too high, and the endurance is not enough, the propeller wind tunnel test, the calculation results and flight performance are different. Aiming at the problem of inconsistent calculation results, the numerical simulation of the experimental subject was carried out. The result shows that the propeller hub produces a large negative thrust and torque, which is the most important factor leading to a significant decrease in propeller efficiency and increase in propeller speed. According to the calculation results, the formula of the hub thrust and torque correction and the propeller optimization design are given. In view of the large difference between the wind tunnel test efficiency value and flight performance, the propulsion system wind tunnel test was carried out, the problem of incoming flow interference is solved and accurate experimental results are obtained. In order to improve propeller efficiency, a propeller calculation model is derived based on propeller vortex theory, the optimization design of propeller aerodynamic profile is carried out by using genetic algorithm toolbox, with the efficiency of propeller at cruise as objective, the thrust and maximum counter torque in climb as constraints. The design results are verified by the wind tunnel test of the propulsion system. Experimental results show that the optimized design is effective, and the propeller efficiency is increased by 17.2% at cruise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long rigid-flexible coupling transmission shaft (RFCTS) is usually used to connect the dynamometer with the device under test (DUT) in semi-anechoic chamber. However, due to the parameter error and torsional vibration characteristic of RFCTS, load emulation loading accuracy of the test bench is lower. Therefore, the research focused on establishing a control-oriented vehicle powertrain system test bench (VPSTB) model based on RFCTS to further improve the load emulation loading accuracy. First, a 14-degrees of freedom (DOF) high-order lumped mass model of VPSTB is established, and the stiffness and moment of inertia equivalent parameters are obtained. Subsequently, a 7-DOF simplified control-oriented VPSTB model is established based on 14-DOF model, and the model parameters are identified by the recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) method with forgetting factor. Simultaneously, the natural frequency of 14-DOF high-order model and 7-DOF simplified model is calculated, then un-damped vibration response of the two models are compared and analyzed. Finally, simulation and experimental are carried out under open-loop and closed-loop conditions, which show that the effectiveness of 7-DOF simplified model parameters, and it also indicate that the 7-DOF simplified VPSTB model can achieve better loading accuracy of load emulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a test system for microwave-assisted dual-mode mechanical cutting of hard rock under true triaxial compression. The test system was developed by Northeastern University, China, to simulate the cutting and breaking of hard rock by a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The test system is mainly composed of a dual-mode mechanical cutting subsystem, a true triaxial loading subsystem and a high-power microwave presplitting subsystem. The system performs dual-mode cutting under true triaxial stress, applies a single sensor to monitor the three-dimensional force of the cutter head, and integrates the reduction in the vibration and resistance to torsion during the cutting process. Mechanical cutting tests of basalt under different amounts of microwave irradiation and true triaxial stress conditions were conducted in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that microwave radiation presplitting effectively improved the efficiency of mechanical rock breaking. However, after 180 s of microwave irradiation, true triaxial high stress inhibited the mechanical breaking of basalt in terms of the overall excavation depth. During the tests, each system performed stably. The test results verified the reliability of the test system. Highlights: A true triaxial stress microwave-assisted mechanical dual-mode cutting test system is independently developed. The proposed system simulates rock breaking by a microwave-assisted roadheader under different ground stress conditions. The cutting test system innovates in three main facets: it carries out a dual-mode cutting test system in rock breaking; it realizes a unified monitoring output of a single sensor for the three-dimensional force; and it integrates the seismic resistance and torsion resistance to create a smooth system body. As the cutting test is conducted, the effective influence range of microwave radiation on rock is verified, and the degree of influence of true triaxial high stress on microwave-assisted mechanical cutting is revealed, providing guidance for deep microwave-assisted rock breaking of roadheaders. The necessity and feasibility of the system development is thus verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of esophageal disease highlights the clinical relevance of novel, long-lasting mucoadhesive oral dosage forms. The EsoCap device enables targeted local application of films in the esophagus. Biorelevant test systems such as EsoPeriDiss are essential for early formulation development. To this end, the developed and already described release model for simulating the esophagus is being further developed for its potential for biorelevant mapping of the application site through complete tempering and investigation of biorelevant release media. Particularly viscous saliva formulations led to an extension of the retention time. In addition, possible formulation strategies for increasing the retention time of esophageal applied films are being evaluated, such as different film thicknesses, polymer grades and the influence of different active ingredient properties on the retention time. For highly soluble active ingredients, the film thickness represents an option for extending the retention time, while for less soluble substances, the choice of polymer grade may be of particular interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wear simulation aims to assess wear rates and their dependence on factors like load, kinematics, temperature, and implant orientation. Despite its significance, there is a notable gap in research concerning advancements in simulator control systems and the testing of clinically relevant waveforms. This study addresses this gap by focusing on enhancing the conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller used in joint simulators through the development of a fuzzy logic-based controller. Leveraging a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) fuzzy logic control system, this study aimed to improve displacement control, augmenting the traditional proportional–integral (PI) tuning approach. The implementation and evaluation of a novel Fuzzy-PI control algorithm were conducted on the Leeds spine wear simulator. This study also included the testing of dailyliving (DL) profiles, particularly from the hip joint, to broaden the scope of simulation scenarios. While both the conventional PI controller and the Fuzzy-PI controller met ISO tolerance criteria for the spine flexion–extension (FE) profile at 1 Hz, the Fuzzy-PI controller demonstrated superior performance at higher frequencies and with DL profiles due to its real-time adaptive tuning capability. The Fuzzy-PI controller represents a significant advancement in joint wear simulation, offering improved control functionalities and more accurate emulation of real-world physiological dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the crucial importance of finding a useful biomarker for further clinical trials in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), and based on our previous studies, we aimed to evaluate whether the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain could be a reliable neurophysiological biomarker for the clinical onset, severity, and progression of the disease. Thirty-five MJD patients, 11 pre-symptomatic genetically confirmed MJD subjects, and 20 healthy controls underwent a detailed epidemiological and clinical neurological examination including the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Their VOR gain was measured using the video Head Impulse Test system. Twenty of the MJD patients were re-tested after a period of 1–3 years. Horizontal VOR gain was abnormal in 92% of MJD, 54% pre-symptomatic, and 0% healthy controls. Horizontal VOR gain in the MJD group was significantly negatively correlated with SARA score in the first (r=0.66, p<0.001) and second (r=0.61, p<0.001) examinations. There was also a significant negative correlation between the percentage of change in horizontal VOR gain and the percentage of change in SARA score across both examinations (r=−0.54, p < 0.05). A regression model of the SARA score with the horizontal VOR gain and disease duration as predictors demonstrated that both the horizontal VOR gain and the disease duration had an independent contribution to the prediction of the SARA score. The horizontal VOR gain seems to be a reliable biomarker for the clinical onset, severity, and progression of MJD and could be used in further clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the 20th century, neuroscientists across North America developed automated systems for use in their research laboratories. Their decisions to do so were complex and contingent, partly a result of global reasons, such as the need to increase efficiency and flexibility, and partly a result of local reasons, such as the need to amend perceived biases of earlier research methodologies. Automated methods were advancements but raised several challenges. Transferring a system from one location to another required that certain components of the system be standardized, such as the hardware, software, and programming language. This proved difficult as commercial manufacturers lacked incentives to create standardized products for the few neuroscientists working towards automation. Additionally, investing in automated systems required massive amounts of time, labor, funding, and computer expertise. Moreover, neuroscientists did not agree on the value of automation. My brief history investigates Karl Pribram's decisions to expand his newly created automated system by standardizing equipment, programming, and protocols. Although he was an eminent Stanford neuroscientist with strong institutional support and computer know-how, the development and transfer of his automated behavioral testing system was riddled with challenges. For Pribram and neuroscience more generally, automation was not so automatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, 3‐(pyrimidin‐2‐ylthio)phthalonitrile (n‐MP1), non‐peripherally 3‐(pyrimidin‐2‐ylthio) groups substituted Zn (II) phthalocyanine (n‐MP2), and its water soluble derivative (n‐MP3) have been firstly synthesized and characterized with spectral data. The interaction of the n‐MP3 complex with DNA was examined in vitro using UV–visible titrimetric and thermal denaturation assays and in silico by performing molecular docking studies. In addition, the antidiabetic activity of n‐MP3 was revealed spectroscopically by studying α‐glucosidase inhibition activities. The spectroscopic results indicated that n‐MP3 effectively binds to CT‐DNA with a Kb value of 2.0 × 105 M−1 and interacts with CT‐DNA via noncovalent binding mode. Besides, docking studies divulged that n‐MP3 exhibits a stronger binding tendency (BE: −10.64 kcal/mol) with DNA than the control compounds, (7.78 kcal/mol for ethidium bromide and −6.21 kcal/mol for cisplatin). Consequently, due to its strong DNA binding activity, n‐MP3 may be suitable for antimicrobial and anticancer applications after further toxicological test systems. Also, n‐MP3 complex inhibited the activity of α‐glucosidase with the IC50 value of 1.44 ± 0.08 μM, whereas IC50 value of acarbose was 237.24 ± 1.80 μM. Therefore, it can be said that n‐MP3 is a very effective α‐glucosidase inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chips must be reliably segmented and evacuated from the cutting zone for effective deep hole drilling. Drilling with low-frequency axial vibrations ensures these useful effects because cutting edges periodically leave the cutting zone. Useful tool vibrations can be maintained using a special self-vibratory drilling head. The drilling head has an elastic element and ensures the self-excitation of vibrations due to the regenerative effect. However, high damping in the cutting zone suppresses axial self-vibrations and renders such a drilling head inexpedient for industry. This study develops a novel system of adaptive control for the vibration drilling process. The control objective is to maintain a specified peak-to-peak (PTP) value of vibration displacements. Due to the in-process adaptation of the feedback gain, the control system supplies additional energy if vibrations are not self-excited and removes energy if the PTP vibration displacements are greater than the specified value. To test the workability of the system, an experimental setup was made. In the setup, the actuator force acts on an elastically fixed workpiece. The dynamic properties of the setup are equivalent to those of the vibration drilling head. The algorithm of feedback gain adaptation was implemented with a microcontroller. A number of experiments for different drilling regimes revealed that the control system successfully maintains the specified PTP value of displacements. The developed control system can be implemented on a vibration drilling head because only an accelerometer is required for control and the required actuator force is under 100 N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimization of power losses in distribution network (DN) is one of the vast areas of research, where researchers are performing different techniques and methods to reduce the losses. In recent times, network reconfiguration (Nr) has gained more significance in DN to reduce the losses due to its ease of implementation. Most of the work carried on Nr has usually assumed only single hour load model, which didn't vary with time. But in practical DN, load varies during the day. The tie line switching configuration obtained with single hour load model (which doesn't vary with time) is implemented in practical DN, it induces high power losses, reduces the reliability, loadability and voltage profile of the network. Most of the researchers have used single hour load model with Nr and not considered variation in load with Nr. In this study, variation in load is considered with twenty-four hour load. An investigation has been performed to find the losses obtained with variation in load for twenty-four hours. However, changing the topological of the network without disturbing the radiality is a complex non differentiable optimization problem. Nr implemented with twenty-four hour load has more complex computation as compared with single hour load. A quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm, i.e., adaptive quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (AQiEA), is used to solve this complex optimization problem. In this study, two test cases are created in which the first case, uses four different scenarios to find the effect of power losses incurred in the system after opening the switches on single hour load and twenty-four hour load model. An effort has been made for optimal tie line switching configuration for twenty-four hour load instead of single hour load. In addition, an attempt has been made to maximize the economic benefits in DN with Nr on twenty-four hour load. Switching operation cost is considered to study the effect of frequent Nr on the life span of switches. Second case is used to test the efficacy of the proposed algorithm as compared with other techniques. The performance of AQiEA is tested on two IEEE standard test bus systems. Wilcoxon signed-rank test is also used to demonstrate the effectiveness of AQiEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contingency analysis has been vastly explored within the context of power systems operation and security assessment. However, the impact of power quality indices into the contingency ranking and selection has not been well investigated in the literature. In order to fulfil this gap, a novel approach is proposed in this paper considering the effects of transmission lines outages in the voltage magnitudes and harmonic proliferation in power systems. The compensation theorem is applied to obtain the approximate effect of small changes in the elements of an electric network based on sensitivity analysis with the purpose of determining estimated harmonic voltages and currents in a lower computational time when compared with the traditional application of the iterative Newton–Raphson load flow methodology. Computational simulations are carried out using the IEEE 30 bus test system modified by the inclusion of non linear loads modelled as harmonic current injections. A comparative analysis is also presented considering the contingency selection using the proposed method, load flow algorithms and different ranking factors considering the impact of single contingencies into the power system voltages and total harmonic distortion variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an improved directional overcurrent protection scheme using a two-stage hybrid GA-IPM algorithm. The developed approach considers the optimal time-current characteristic (TCC) selection and setting calculations of DOCRs simultaneously to protect meshed power networks. The developed formulation considers the optimal choice of the TCC curve and setting calculation simultaneously. Here, the problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem where a curve selection setting called curve-setting (CS) is added to the standard time multiplier-setting (TMS) and plug-setting (PS) of each relay in the DOCRs-based protection scheme. In modern relays, the selection of TCC curves is easily made from the available options. In this work, the IEC-standard curves have been considered to obtain the optimum characteristic curve selection and setting calculations. The formulated MINLP problem has been solved using the newly developed two-stage hybrid GA-IPM algorithm. In the first stage, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the problem formulated as MINLP. The obtained solution is considered the initial solution for the interior-point method (IPM) in the second state. The GA can solve the MINLP problems effectively, and IPM is superior in solving nonlinear programming problems, hence fine-tuning the results obtained by GA. The suitability and effectiveness of the proposed approach have been demonstrated on the IEEE 14 bus test system. Further, the efficacy of the developed method has been validated on an extensive IEEE 118 bus test system, and results are compared with those available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is a critical factor in maintaining the safe and efficient operation of electric networks. Due to its mixed-variable nonlinear nature, addressing this problem requires an appropriate optimization algorithm. In this study, a novel approach based on the combination of artificial rabbits optimization (ARO) and gradient-based optimization (GBO) algorithms was proposed to solve the ORPD problem in electric networks. The performance of the proposed AROGBO algorithm were verified on 7 numerical optimization test functions. To evaluate the effectiveness of this hybrid AROGBO technique, standard IEEE-30, IEEE-57 bus, and IEEE-118 bus test systems were employed, with two objective functions tested for each system: minimum total power loss and minimum total voltage deviations. The AROGBO, ARO, and GBO algorithms were utilized in each case to determine the optimal values of the generator voltage, transformer tap changer positions, and reactive power compensation values. A comprehensive comparison was made between the results obtained from the hybrid AROGBO algorithm, standard ARO and GBO algorithms, and other metaheuristic optimization techniques. The simulation attainments verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed AROGBO methodology in solving the ORPD problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of combining a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) anchor cable with a double-layer truss support technology (N-DTST) is a new support technology for deeply buried tunnels. To evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock support after the application of this new support technology in the Sichuan–Tibet Railway tunnels, geomechanical model tests were conducted for the first time. A model test loading system with intelligent numerical control and automated analysis was developed to reveal the changing patterns of displacement and stress in the surrounding rock of tunnels. The test results revealed the following: (1) After the burial depth exceeds 800 m, the tunnel undergoes large deformations with displacements greater than 37.5 mm, and the traditional anchor cable support fails; (2) In the burial depth range of 800–2,000 m, the new support technology can control the surrounding rock deformation, and the surrounding rock displacement is less than 10 mm; (3) After the tunnel excavation, the radial stress decreases and the tangential stress concentrates. When the burial depth is greater than 800 m, the radial stress compensation provided by the anchor cable no longer meets the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the new support technology can provide high stress to support the deeply buried tunnel; (4) After the burial depth exceeds 2,000 m, butterfly-shaped damage occurs on the tunnel surface, the truss structure inside the tunnel is damaged, and the support structure fails, so it is recommended to carry out reinforcement support at the arch shoulder. The research results verify the effectiveness of the new support technology and provide an important reference for the support of the surrounding rock in deeply buried tunnels. Practical Applications: Common Poisson's ratio anchors/ropes or shotcrete are widely used in tunnels as the core support structure. They often fail to meet the requirements of fractured rock, expansive rock, and high-ground-stress soft rock tunnels because they cannot adapt to the large deformation characteristics of the catastrophic rock mass. Based on this, this paper proposed a new support technology: an anchor rod/rope with a negative Poisson's ratio material combined with a double-layer three-dimensional truss for joint support of the tunnel. To verify the feasibility of this technology, the research and development team developed a new design for the structure. To verify the feasibility of this technology, a large-scale geomechanical model test system was developed, and a comparative model test was conducted using this test system in combination with the ground stress environment of the Sichuan–Tibet Railway to verify the effectiveness of the new support technology proposed in this paper, which provides a reference for the world's deep buried tunnel support technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to model an AGC regulator for a restructured environment using Bare Bone Particle Swarm Optimization (BBPSO). The gain-controlled Proportional–Integral (PI) Controller is designed here to enhance the performance of the BBPSO algorithm along with Gaussian distribution. The practical difficulty in handling the area control error to zero is the sudden variations in load. In practice, the tremendous contribution of deregulation in the power sector causes volatility in frequency and tie-line power deviations. To ensure the robustness of the proposed controller, three different cases of power system transactions have been considered. The performance has been validated by comparing it with Real Coded Genetic Algorithm-tuned PI controller (RCGA-PI) and Differential Evolutionary Algorithm-tuned PI controller (DE-PI) for the five area Thermal-Thermal generation test system. Moreover, the dynamic performance of an extensive range of demands and disturbances of all areas like settling time and overshoot against parametric precariousness has been done on the proposed test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct current microgrid (DCMG) clusters are gaining popularity in power systems due to their simplicity and high efficiency. However, DCMG clusters are susceptible to minor disturbances due to low system inertia. This paper proposes a method to enhance the small‐signal stability of a DCMG cluster by optimizing the main control parameters of the system. This paper presents a small‐signal state‐space model of a DCMG cluster system at the system level, considering a multi‐bus network topology. Then, the control parameters that significantly affect the small‐signal stability of the DCMG are selected using the participation factor method. To enhance the system damping, the Pareto‐optimal frontier of the bi‐objective problem was determined using the elite non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). The optimal compromise is determined by using the fuzzy membership function method to extract it from the generated Pareto optimal front. The proposed method has been verified on a three‐sub DCMG test system with droop control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Docker has gained significant popularity in recent years. With the introduction of Docker Desktop for Windows and macOS, there is a need to determine the impact of the operating system on the performance of the Docker platform. This paper aims to investigate the performance of Docker containers based on the operating system. One of the fundamental goals of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Docker architecture. This technology utilizes Linux kernel virtualization mechanisms such as namespaces and cgroups. Upon analyzing the distribution of Docker Desktop for Windows and Docker Desktop for macOS, it was discovered that running the Docker environment on these requires a lightweight virtual machine that emulates the Linux system. This information suggests that the additional virtualization layer may hinder the performance of non-Linux operating systems hosting Docker containers. The paper presents a performance test of the Docker runtime on Linux, Microsoft Windows, and macOS. The test evaluated specific aspects of operating system performance on a MacBook computer with an ×86/64 processor architecture. The experiment carried out examined the performance in terms of CPU speed, I/O speed, and network throughput. This test measured the efficiency of software that utilizes various system resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique for estimating methane (CH4) emissions in dual-flow continuous culture systems (DFCCS). In experiment 1 (Exp1), fermenters were filled with water, and known CH4 concentrations (0, 1.35, 2.93, or 4.43 g/d) were injected using permeation tubes with SF6 release rates (3.30 or 9.65 mg/d). Headspace gas was collected using canisters, and the SF6 technique estimated CH4 recovery. Experiment 2 (Exp2) involved a DFCCS fermentation trial with ruminal fluid from three Holstein cows, testing diets with soybean meal or its partial replacement (50%) by Chlorella or Spirulina. Headspace gas was collected at intervals post-feeding. Standard curves for SF6 and CH4 quantification were inadequate for DFCCS samples, with the CH4:SF6 ratio differing from standards, indicating the data needs further SF6 release rate evaluation. In Exp1, a high correlation (r = 0.97) was found between infused and calculated CH4, indicating good repeatability. Low and high SF6 rates performed similarly at low CH4 infusion, but high SF6 overestimated CH4 at high infusion. Exp2 showed CH4 emissions irrespective of SF6 rate and indicated reduced CH4 emissions and increased NDF degradation with algae-containing diets. Further evaluation of the SF6 tracer technique is warranted for DFCCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a piezoelectric linear motor is presented in this paper, based on the principle of alternating motion, to meet the acting stroke and accuracy requirements for the probe station's motion servo system. By partitioning the stator into tangential and normal components, two tangential actuators are affixed to the base, while two normal actuators are fixed on the preloading mechanism, thereby proposing a novel approach for connecting the stator and base. First, the construction and the working principle of the motor were introduced. Subsequently, the motor's major components were designed through finite element simulation, followed by modeling the motor dynamics and deriving its displacement transfer function. Finally, an experimental prototype was fabricated, and a prototype test system was constructed. The driving method can realize a large stroke operation at a low frequency. The minimum operating frequency of the motor is 1 Hz, the minimum step is 12.55 μm, and the stroke is 105 mm. The study results will promote the development of high-performance probe systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring safety and efficiency in the rapidly advancing autonomous vehicle (AV) industry presents a significant engineering challenge. Comprehensive performance evaluations and critical scenario testing are essential for identifying situations that AVs cannot handle. Thus, generating critical scenarios is a key problem in AV testing system design. This paper proposes a game-theoretic adversarial interaction method to efficiently generate critical scenarios that challenge AV systems. Initial motion prediction for adversarial and surrounding vehicles is based on kinematic models and road constraints, establishing interaction action spaces to determine possible driving domains. A novel evaluation approach combines reachability sets with adversarial intensity to assess collision risks and adversarial strength for any state, used to solve behavior values for each interaction action state. Further, equilibrium action strategies for the vehicles are derived using Stackelberg game theory, yielding optimal actions considering adversarial interactions in the current traffic environment. Simulation results show that the adversarial scenarios generated by this method significantly increase incident rates by 158% to 1313% compared to natural driving scenarios, while ride comfort and driving efficiency decrease, and risk significantly increases. These findings provide critical insights for model improvement and demonstrate the proposed method's suitability for assessing AV performance in dynamic traffic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The given research presents assembling and testing optoelectronic system to record and process signals from fiber-optic sensors. The main optoelectronic systems to record and process the signals from fiber-optic sensors are light source controller and optical power detector. There was assembled controller diagram, which apart from light source includes current source for its adequate operation, as well as the systems necessary for stabilizing its working point. The scheme was modelled for specifying nominal and maximum operation criteria. Construction has been designed in the way, that light source controller includes structures of the current regulation and stabilization super luminescent diode (SLED) and temperature stabilization. Apart from that, there was assembled the microsystem of optical power detector additionally to the light detector, which includes the microsystems of intensification and filtration of the signal measured, processing analog data into digital form, microcontroller, used for preliminary data analysis. Data of optoelectronic systems diagram to record and process the signals from fiber-optic sensors has high response speed, low noise level and sufficient progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Romanian earthquakes caused severe damage over time to a significant number of constructions, and that is why efforts are being made to make structural systems safer. (2) Methods: For structural systems with protection against seismic actions or vibrational actions that have linear viscous dissipation devices, the requirement to assess the equivalent modal damping rate for the entire functional assembly related to the other dynamic parameters arises. (3) Results: This article presents the analytical development of formulas for the compound damping and circular frequency when anti-seismic devices have different dynamic characteristics and their application in order to solve some real engineering cases of bridges and viaducts in Romania with distinct viscoelastic supports. In support of this idea, some experimental tests on a beam system resting on two different anti-seismic elastic supports highlighted the fact that the compound damping of the system can be calculated with the relations established in this paper, provided that the displacements in the horizontal direction of excitation are in the linear domain. Also, we determined the seismic response considering the Vrancea 1977 accelerogram for critical damping ratios of 5% and 18.5%, and then we obtained the variation in the factor of transmissibility depending on the frequency, in order to highlight the optimized value of the equivalent amortization/damping. (4) Conclusions: In the specific context of Romanian seismicity, seismic isolation through the use of isolators with different characteristics represents an optimal technical solution, and it is also optimal from an economic point of view, with an appropriate level of dynamic isolation obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: There is an ongoing discussion on the elution efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated cements. Our experiments were intended to clarify if there are differences in the antibiotic elution of HPLC compared with inhibition zone testing using eluates or PMMA discs. (2) Materials and Methods: Two cement brands with different concentrations of the active ingredient were tested in antimicrobial Kirby–Bauer (disc diffusion) assays. Cement platelets were directly applied on the agar plates and their zone of inhibition was measured. In parallel, the platelets were incubated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and at distinct points of time transferred into new buffer. At these time points, 50 µL of the bone cement eluates was used for zone of inhibition testing. Standard gentamicin sulfate solutions served as a control in the same test setup. To verify the microbiological investigations, the antibiotic content of the eluates was also measured via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (3) Results: The experiments with cement eluates showed better differentiable results than the direct application of the cement discs. The results were also comparable to investigations with HPLC and gentamicin sulfate standard solutions. (4) Conclusions: The results of elution rates are influenced by the test system and the period of observation chosen. The microbial test systems reflect the results of HPLC to the same degree and give evidence of the efficacy of the antibiotics. The HPLC tests on eluates were more suitable in representing differences in release characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many performance practices have been operated to enhance government department performance, the outcomes of performance practices have caused some challenges. An important concept in performance management is 'overload'; public employees suffer from the high workload in the operation of many performance management systems. This study first identifies the concept of 'evaluation overload' in managing performance evaluation systems and tests how this overload affects organizational performance. The results indicate that a heavy workload in evaluative processes has direct and indirect impacts on the perceived and archival organizational performance of central agencies in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis in animals is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Known methods for diagnosing brucellosis face some challenges, due to the difficulties in isolating and standardizing the natural brucellosis antigen. In this work, we investigated the possibility of using the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) with synthetic glycoconjugate biosensing tracers to detect antibodies against Brucella as a new methodology for diagnosing brucellosis. Based on the received results, the synthetic fluorescein-labeled trisaccharide tracer is most effective for Brucellosis detection. This tracer is structurally related to the immune determinant fragment of the Brucella LPS buildup of N-formyl-d-perosamine units, connected via α-(1→3)-linkage at the non-reducing end and α-(1→2)-linkage at the reducing end. The sensitivity and specificity in the case of the use of trisaccharide tracer 3b were 71% and 100% (Yuden's method) and 87% and 88% (Euclidean method), respectively, which is comparable with the diagnostic efficiency of traditionally used serological methods, such as the agglutination test (AT), complement fixation test (CFT), and Rose Bengal test (RBT). Given the known advantages of FPA (e.g., speed, compactness of the equipment, and standard reagents) and the increased specificity of the developed test system, it would be appropriate to consider its widespread use for the diagnosis of brucellosis in animals, including rapid testing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coal seam cavitation is one of the most effective techniques for gas disaster control in low-permeability coal. Due to the difference in cavitation method and process, the damage degree and fracture development range of the coal body around the cavern are greatly different, and the effect of increasing the permeability of the coal body is further changed. In order to further understand the permeability enhancement mechanism of cavitation technology on low-permeability coal and effectively guide engineering applications, this paper conducted experimental research on the unloading damage and permeability evolution characteristics of coal under different cavitation paths using a coal-rock "adsorption-percolation-mechanics" coupling test system. Through the analysis of coal strength and deformation characteristics, coal damage characteristics, and the evolution law of coal permeability combined with the macroscopic damage characteristics of coal, the strength degradation mechanism of unloaded coal and the mechanism of increased permeability and flow were revealed. The results show that unloading can significantly reduce the strength of coal, and the greater the unloading rate, the more obvious the reduction. The essence of this is that unloading reduces the cohesion and internal friction angle of coal—damage and breakage are the most effective ways to improve the permeability of the coal body. Unloading damaged coal bodies not only significantly improves the permeability of the coal body but also improves the diffusion ability of gas, and finally, shows a remarkable strengthening effect of gas extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an improved method of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm for the distribution network in scenarios where distributed generation sources and Soft Open Points (SOPs) are connected to optimize power control. Improvement is achieved by integrating the ABC algorithm with the Grenade Explosion Method and Cauchy to accelerate the ABC algorithm's speed. The objective function is considered to reduce power losses over a day. The proposed method was tested on the IEEE-33 bus test system under various scenarios: Case 1 with 3 DGs installed, Case 2 with 3 DGs and 1 SOP simultaneously installed in the distribution network, and Case 3 having the same configuration as Case 2 but operating for 24 hours. In addition to reducing power losses, the voltage at the nodes in the distribution grid was also improved, maintained above 0.95 pu and close to 1 pu. Case 3 showed that integrating a Wind Turbine (WT), two Photovoltaic (PV) generators, and one SOP during operation resulted in the lowest energy losses, smaller than a system with only one WT and two PVs, and significantly lower than the baseline system without any DGs and SOPs. Therefore, employing SOPs in a distribution network with integrated DGs can offer significant benefits in reducing energy losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfiguration strategies are used to reduce power losses and increase the reliability of the distribution systems. Since the optimal reconfiguration problem is a multi-objective optimization problem with non-convex functions and constraints, meta-heuristic algorithms are the most suitable choice for the problem-solving approach. One of the new meta-heuristic algorithms that exhibits excellent performance in solving multi-objective problems is the wild mice colony (WMC) algorithm, which is implemented based on aggressive and mating strategies of wild mice. In this paper, the distribution network reconfiguration problem is solved to reduce power losses, improve reliability, and increase the voltage profile of network buses using the WMC algorithm. In addition, the obtained results are compared with conventional multi-objective algorithms. The optimal reconfiguration problem is applied to the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems. The comparative study confirms the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of convergence speed, execution time, and the final solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs an innovative dynamic switching test system to investigate the dynamic switching characteristics of three p-GaN HEMT devices. The dynamic switching characteristics are different from the previous research on the dynamic resistance characteristics of GaN devices, and the stability of GaN devices can be analyzed from the perspective of switching characteristics. Based on the theory of dynamic changes in threshold opening voltage and capacitance caused by electrical stress, the mechanism of dynamic switching characteristics of GaN HEMT devices is studied and analyzed in detail. The test results have shown that electrical stress induces trap ionization within the device, resulting in fluctuations in electric potential and ultimately leading to alterations in two critical factors of the dynamic switching characteristics of GaN HEMT devices, the parasitic capacitance and the threshold voltage. The dynamic changes in capacitance before and after electrical stress vary among devices, resulting in different dynamic switching characteristics. The test system is capable of extracting the switching waveform for visual comparison and quantitatively calculating the changes in switching parameters before and after electrical stressing. This test provides a prediction for the drift of switch parameters, offering pre-guidance for the robustness of the optimized application scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) represent a highly promising class of materials with diverse applications, particularly as catalytic materials. However, their synthesis typically yields powders available only at laboratory‐scale quantities, usually in the gram range or less. This study addresses the challenge of testing limited amounts of MOF catalysts for demanding applications, such as multiphase gas‐liquid‐solid reactions in flow, utilizing a packed‐bed microreactor. Specifically, we investigate the performance of a nanoparticle (NP) ‐immobilized Pd@UiO‐66 MOF catalyst in the selective semi‐hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene, serving as a model reaction. Maintaining the Taylor flow regime upstream of the catalyst bed was crucial to ensure reproducible and reliable experimental results. We conducted 88 experiments at varying liquid flow rates, temperatures ranging from 15 to 45 °C, and relative pressures spanning 0.28 to 8 bar. Styrene selectivity within the range of 80–92.3 % was achieved at phenylacetylene conversions below 20 %. Notably, the optimal condition for styrene selectivity (70 %) was attained at 98.9 % phenylacetylene conversion under the lowest H2 pressure and highest temperature, demonstrating the significance of low H2 concentration for achieving optimal styrene selectivity. Remarkably, the catalyst exhibited stable activity and selectivity over a 20 h testing period, indicating its robust performance under prolonged reaction conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of the proposed catalyst testing system as a rapid and efficient approach for early‐stage exploration studies, particularly when limited quantities of catalyst, typically in the gram scale or less, are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power system fault diagnosis is crucial for identifying the location and causes of faults and providing decision-making support for power dispatchers. However, most classical methods suffer from significant time-consuming, memory overhead, and computational complexity issues as the scale of the power system concerned increases. With rapid development of quantum computing technology, the combinatorial optimization method based on quantum computing has shown certain advantages in computational time over existing methods. Given this background, this paper proposes a quantum computing based power system fault diagnosis method with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm. The proposed method reformulates the fault diagnosis problem as a Hamiltonian by using Ising model, which completely preserves the coupling relationship between faulty components and various operations of protective relays and circuit breakers. Additionally, to enhance problem-solving efficiency under current equipment limitations, the symmetric equivalent decomposition method of multi-z-rotation gate is utilized. Furthermore, the small probability characteristics of power system events is utilized to reduce the number of qubits. Simulation results based on the test system show that the proposed methods can achieve the same optimal results with a faster speed compared with the classical higher-order solver provided by D-Wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive haptics have long been used to enhance the user's experience in virtual reality (VR). However, creating props to be used in a virtual environment can be a complicated and lengthy process. Current research looks to create passive haptic props based on the layout of, or objects in, the user's real environment. However, we identify three key limitations of current research. Firstly, procedural generation introduces many unknown variables into the design process, which complicates applying such techniques to scenarios requiring knowledge of the virtual environment's layout ahead of time. Furthermore, such techniques limit the size and dimensions of the virtual space to that of the real space. Lastly, current research necessitates pre-scanning or real-time scanning of the user's real environment, often requiring specialist equipment and expertise, thus limiting its generalisability. This research proposes PropOrientedWorldRotation, a technique that attempts to answer the aforementioned limitations and simplify the process of adding haptic feedback to VR applications. We implemented this technique in a demonstration game and give an overview of the steps taken to apply the technique in a real context. We analysed the demonstration system's performance and conducted an initial user evaluation in three different physical environments. While our stress test of the system's performance highlights the necessity for certain optimisations in complex environments, our initial user feedback suggests that users experienced a stronger sense of presence and feelings of safety in our passive haptics-enhanced environment. Hence, we conclude that our proposal has the potential to enhance experiences in VR with haptic feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sine–Cosine algorithm (SCA) is efficient but faces challenges in exploitative abilities, slow convergence, and exploration–exploitation balance. This study proposes a novel optimization method, the learning-based sine–cosine algorithm (L-SCA), to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The basic SCA has been modified with a learning phase operator inspired by TLBO. The SCA handles global exploration, while the learner phase of teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) offers strong local search capabilities, which can be utilized to enhance the solution neighborhood space provided by the SCA technique. The L-SCA and original SCA algorithms address OPF in IEEE 57-bus, Algerian 59-bus, and IEEE 118-bus power systems, considering twelve cases with a focus on cost savings, voltage stability, voltage profile, emissions, and power losses. The comparative study shows that the proposed L-SCA consistently outperforms standard SCA and other reported methods in all cases for varied-scale standard test systems as well as for a practical power system, within reasonable execution times. For instance, L-SCA in the Algerian 59-bus system cut fuel costs by around 13.13% compared to initial case, equating to annual savings of $2.2 million, while in the IEEE-118 bus system, power loss is significantly reduced to 17.881 MW, marking an 86.5% reduction compared to the base case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of wireless and battery-free power is key to extending the applications of body-worn sensing electronics. This paper investigates the design of an IPT system for a body-worn scenario where the challenges include highly variable coupling, the requirement for the coil/s to be flexible, and close proximity to the body. Variable coupling results in a system that must operate with received powers ranging over orders of magnitude, whilst the use of flexible coils reduces the Q-factor and results in the potential for inductance variation. The human exposure considerations limit both the maximum field strengths that the wearer of a receiver coil might experience and the field strengths that a third party might be exposed to. In this paper, analytical models are used to identify key design variables and to guide the design synthesis of an IPT system for a wrist-worn medical sensor. Practical circuits to drive the transmit coil and to interface the receive coil with the load electronics are described. A prototype system is tested to validate the theoretical analysis, providing power greater than 2 mW to the sensor over a hemispherical region up to 250 mm in radius from the transmit coil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately detect the early deterioration of electrical insulation in power cables, an energizing system is required for offline partial discharge (PD) measurements. The damped alternating current (DAC) testing system has emerged as an effective tool for inducing PD events. However, the existing systems often suffer from limitations such as signal interference, low sensitivity, and high costs. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel dual‐resonance DAC testing system that is simple in structure and cost‐effective. The prototype was built for testing 10‐kV distribution cables, and its effectiveness was validated through experimental tests on a cable sample. The results show that this approach significantly improves PD detection sensitivity and successfully completes PD localization. This research contributes to the development of more efficient and affordable DAC generation technology for power cable testing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of critical components in a sensor testing system may be compromised in a thermal vacuum environment as a result of the impact of extreme temperatures. Moreover, the precision of the angle measurement may be influenced by the thermal deformation effect. This paper presents a simulated analysis of the temperature regulation impact of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and outlines the design and optimization process of a sensor test chamber that can function within a consistent temperature range. The mathematical model of TEC is utilized to suggest a design choice, taking into account the aforementioned model, in a temperature-controlled environment with thermal vacuum circumstances. Moreover, the orthogonal test method is employed in combination with the FloEFD finite element analysis to validate the effectiveness of temperature control. In addition, the parameters of the radiation radiator are tuned and designed. Therefore, the temperature range difference inside the test system decreased by 20%. The thermoelectric temperature control system's steady-state model is investigated using the PSpice simulation, based on the equivalent circuit theory. The discovered conclusions establish a theoretical foundation for improving the efficiency of temperature regulation. The design concepts presented in this work, particularly the optimization technique for radiation radiators in aerospace test equipment using thermoelectric cooling temperature control research and development, hold promise for practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timely injection of gangue slurry into the mining space formed after coal mining can scale up the disposal of gangue and control surface deformation. However, the waterproof effect of gangue slurry in the mining space remains unclear, necessitating urgent investigation into the permeability characteristics of compacted backfill bodies of gangue slurry under the action of overburden. In this study, a multi-field coupled seepage test system for backfill materials was developed based on Forchheimer's nonlinear seepage law, and a laboratory preparation method for compacted backfill body (CBB) of gangue slurry after grouting and backfilling in mining space under pseudo-triaxial conditions was proposed. Additionally, the pressure bleeding characteristics of gangue slurry under the action of overburden were studied, the variation law of permeability of the CBB with the axial pressure, a particle size range, and cement dosage was revealed, and the determination method for the permeability level of the CBB and its optimization method were put forward. The research results indicate that there are obvious staged characteristics in the pressure bleeding changes in gangue slurry. Axial pressure, particle size range, and cement dosage all have a significant impact on the permeability of the CBB. The permeability level of the CBB of gangue slurry is within the range of poor permeability and extremely poor permeability. After backfilling into the mining space, gangue slurry exhibits a significant water-blocking effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cancer is a collection of illnesses characterized by aberrant cellular proliferation that can infiltrate or metastasize to distant anatomical sites, posing a notable threat to human well‐being due to its substantial morbidity and death rates worldwide. The potential of plant‐derived natural compounds as anticancer medicines has been assessed owing to their favorable attributes of few side effects and significant antitumor activity. Mangrove plants and their derived compounds have been scientifically shown to exhibit many significant beneficial biological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. This study summarized mangrove plants and their derived compounds as potential anticancer agents, with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms. To explore this, we gathered data on the preclinical (in vivo and in vitro) anticancer effects of mangrove plants and their derived compounds from reputable literature spanning 2000 to 2023. We conducted thorough searches in various academic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Web of Science. The results demonstrated that mangrove plants and their derived compounds have promising anticancer properties in preclinical pharmacological test systems through various molecular mechanisms, including induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and other miscellaneous actions. Upon thorough observation of the pertinent information, it is suggested that mangrove plants and their derived chemicals may serve as a potential lead in the development of novel drugs for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the operation and control of power systems, load frequency control (LFC) plays a critical role in ensuring the stability and reliability of interconnected power systems. Modern power systems with significant penetration of highly variable and intermittent renewable sources present new challenges that make traditional control strategies ineffective. To address these new challenges, this paper proposes a novel LFC strategy that employs a cascaded fractional-order proportional integral-fractional-order proportional integral derivative with a derivative filter (FOPI-FOPIDN) as a controller. The parameters of the FOPI-FOPIDN are optimised using a variant of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the literature called ADIWACO. The effectiveness and scalability of the proposed strategy are validated by extensive simulations conducted on two- and three-area test systems and performance comparisons with recent LFC control strategies in the literature. The performance metrics used for the evaluation are ITAE values, deviations in the power flows in the tie-lines, and deviations in the frequencies of the control areas with the power systems subjected to diverse load and RES generation disturbances in several experimental scenarios. Governor dead band, communication time delay, and generation rate constraints are considered in one of the scenarios for more realistic evaluation. Again, the controller's robustness to uncertain model parameters is validated by varying the parameters of the three-area test system by ± 50%. The simulation results obtained confirm the controller's robustness and its superiority over the comparison LFC strategies in terms of the above performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An auxiliary polarization formulation of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is developed, combining a basis set correction computed for capped isolated fragments with a polarization obtained from uncapped fragments. For a set of organic and inorganic test systems, it is shown that the total energy and atomic charges are accurately reproduced with respect to full unfragmented calculations. It is demonstrated that the method is accurate for computing electronic excited states. The developed approach is applied to rank the isomers of chignolin from experimental NMR data (PDB: 1UAO) according to their relative energy. Contributions of polarization and basis set effects to pair interactions between fragments are elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creep characteristics and potential deformation patterns of gangue backfill material are crucial in backfill mining operations. This study utilizes crushed gangue from the Gangue Yard in Fuxin City as the research material. An in-house designed, large-scale, triaxial gangue compaction test system was used. Triaxial compaction creep tests were conducted on gangue materials with varying particle size distributions. Analysis was performed based on different particle sizes, stresses, and confinement pressures. The study investigates the creep characteristics of the gangue under different conditions and explores the underlying causes. It reveals the relationship between the creep deformation of gangue materials and the passage of time. Mathematical methods are applied to develop a triaxial compaction creep power law model for gangue backfill materials. Finally, the creep results are fitted using an empirical formula approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) based on chaos has been widely used in the fields of digital communication, cryptography and computer simulation. In this paper, we study a new PRNG based on spatial surface chaotic system (SSCS), which is constructed based on coupling mapping lattice (CML) and one-dimensional Logistic chaotic map. To verify the performance of this generator, we study its nonlinear dynamic properties, including the Lyapunov exponent, ergodicity and bifurcation phenomena. Moreover, we analyze the cryptographic properties such as key space, key sensitivity, correlation, histogram and information entropy, while performing NIST SP800-22 test and TestU01 test for the randomness of this system. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the PRNG proposed in this paper has good complexity, ergodicity, sensitivity and randomness. Moreover, the key space can increase dynamically with the increase of encrypted data, especially suitable for the protection of big data such as multimedia, which is more advantageous than most existing chaotic mapping. The results of this paper will provide a new idea for the study of chaotic cryptography, and motivate the study of new discrete chaotic models with desirable statistical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]