Search

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important invasive noctuid pests. Its appearance and rapid spread can be monitored with sex pheromone traps, but the catches can be confused by catches of non‐target similar species. Here we present non‐target catches of commercial pheromone traps of S. frugiperda in the Carpathian basin, which is a potential area of the pest. Sizable catches of Cucullia umbratica (L.), Agrotis bigramma (Esper), and Allophyes oxyacanthae (L.), common noctuids in East‐Central Europe, were recorded in numerous sampling sites. Although they can be distinguished from the target species by their different morphology, it is necessary to draw the attention of agricultural experts to their possible presence in the traps to avoid misleading conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The EU has established ambitious goals for pesticide reduction. The achievement of these goals requires the introduction of easy-to-use, low-cost and effective tools to monitor crop pests. Sex pheromone YATLORf (Yf) traps have proven to be a reliable low-cost tool for monitoring Agriotes spp., which are the most harmful group of soil pests in Europe. They can damage a wide range of arable crops, including potato, maize and sunflower. In order to optimize Yf use, this study explored the effect of lure position in the trap and vegetation field cover density on trap performance. Lure attractant capacity varied greatly with the lure's position in the trap and the extent of the vegetation density around the trap. Guidelines for making practical decisions are given. The 'low' lure position in the Yf is suitable for all species in all field conditions and is the best choice for A. brevis; the 'medium' position should be considered for A. brevis only when vegetation is dense. The 'high' lure position is unsuitable for A. brevis and A. obscurus, and should be considered for some species only. Dense vegetation (e.g., winter wheat) reduced the potential for catching A. sordidus. Placing the trap just outside the field, or in a nearby field with bare/sparse vegetation, maintained the maximum catching potential. Vegetation density was found to influence beetle sex ratio, with no or very few female A. brevis and A. sordidus being found in traps placed in the middle of fields with dense vegetation. This research has made it possible to conduct studies on multi-baiting the same trap, which can significantly reduce monitoring costs. Low-cost monitoring tools are needed to implement IPM in arable crops. YATLORf (Yf) traps baited with respective synthetic pheromone lures have proven to be a reliable tool for monitoring Agriotes spp., Europe's most harmful soil pests. To optimize Yf use, we studied the effect of lure position in the trap and crop density on trap performance. Yf management detail was studied between 2000–2003 and 2014–2016 in various countries, with the traps being arranged in blocks. Each block contained one trap per treatment (i.e., lure position) under study. It was ascertained that lure attractant capacity can vary greatly with the lure's position in the trap and the extent of vegetation. Information for making practical decisions is given. The 'low' lure position is suitable for all species in all field conditions, and is the best choice for A. brevis. Lures for A. brevis and A. lineatus need to be placed in the low position when the field has no or sparse vegetation cover. The 'high' lure position is unsuitable for A. brevis and A. obscurus, and should be considered for some species only. There are no restrictions on position for catching A. sordidus, i.e., any position is suitable. Dense vegetation (e.g., wheat) reduced the Yf trap's potential for catching A. sordidus. Placing the trap just outside the field, or in a nearby field with bare/sparse vegetation, maintained the maximum catching potential. Vegetation density also influenced beetle sex ratio, with A. brevis and A. sordidus females always found in traps placed in fields with bare or low-density vegetation. Our findings have made it possible to obtain consistent monitoring outputs and to begin studies on multi-baiting the same trap, which can significantly reduce monitoring costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Paltusotine is a once-daily, oral, nonpeptide small-molecule somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) agonist in clinical development for treatment of acromegaly. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate change in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in patients switched from octreotide long-acting release or lanreotide depot monotherapy to paltusotine. Methods: A phase 2, open-label, prospective, multicenter, multinational, nonrandomized, single-arm exploratory study was conducted in which dosage uptitrations were performed in a double-blinded manner. At 26 global sites, patients with acromegaly switched to paltusotine from injected somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL)-based therapy. Patients received 13-week treatment with once-daily oral paltusotine (10-40 mg/d). The primary end point was change from baseline to week 13 in IGF-I for patients who switched from long-acting octreotide or lanreotide depot monotherapy to paltusotine (group 1). All patients underwent a 4-week paltusotine washout at end of treatment period (wk 13-17). IGF-I, growth hormone (GH), patient-reported outcome, and safety data were collected. Results: Forty-seven patients enrolled. In group 1 (n=25), IGF-I and GH showed no significant change between SRL baseline and end of paltusotine treatment at week 13 (median change in IGF-I= −0.03×upper limit of normal [ULN]; P=.6285; GH = −0.05 ng/mL; P=.6285). IGF-I and GH rose significantly in the 4 weeks after withdrawing paltusotine (median change in IGF-I=0.55×ULN; P<.0001 [median increase 39%]; GH=0.72 ng/mL; P<.0001 [109.1% increase]). No patients discontinued because of adverse events (AE); no treatment-related serious AEs were reported. Conclusion: These results suggest once-daily oral paltusotine was effective in maintaining IGF-I values in patients with acromegaly who switched from injected SRLs. Paltusotine was well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with other SRLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]