Search

In this paper, high-order numerical integrators on homogeneous spaces will be presented as an application of nonholonomic partitioned Runge-Kutta Munthe-Kaas (RKMK) methods on Lie groups. A homogeneous space $M$ is a manifold where a group $G$ acts transitively. Such a space can be understood as a quotient $M \cong G/H$, where $H$ a closed Lie subgroup, is the isotropy group of each point of $M$. The Lie algebra of $G$ may be decomposed into $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{m} \oplus \mathfrak{h}$, where $\mathfrak{h}$ is the subalgebra that generates $H$ and $\mathfrak{m}$ is a subspace. Thus, variational problems on $M$ can be treated as nonholonomically constrained problems on $G$, by requiring variations to remain on $\mathfrak{m}$. Nonholonomic partitioned RKMK integrators are derived as a modification of those obtained by a discrete variational principle on Lie groups, and can be interpreted as obeying a discrete Chetaev principle. These integrators tend to preserve several properties of their purely variational counterparts., 14 figures. Part of NUMDIFF16

It is unclear how Stay-at-Home Orders (SHO) of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the welfare of children and rates of non-accidental trauma (NAT). We hypothesized that NAT would initially decrease during the SHO as children did not have access to mandatory reporters, and then increase as physicians' offices and schools reopened.A multicenter study evaluating patients18 years with ICD-10 Diagnosis and/or External Cause of Injury codes meeting criteria for NAT. "Historical" controls from an averaged period of March-September 2016-2019 were compared to patients injured March-September 2020, after the implementation of SHO ("COVID" cohort). An interrupted time series analysis was utilized to evaluate the effects of SHO implementation.Nine Level I pediatric trauma centers contributed 2064 patients meeting NAT criteria. During initial SHO, NAT rates dropped below what was expected based on historical trends; however, thereafter the rate increased above the expected. The COVID cohort experienced a significant increase in the proportion of NAT patients age ≥5 years, minority children, and least resourced as determined by social vulnerability index (SVI).The COVID-19 pandemic affected the presentation of children with NAT to the hospital. In times of public health crisis, maintaining systems of protection for children remain essential.III.

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) after recent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged ≥85 years. Methods: Individual patient data analysis from seven prospective stroke cohorts. We compared DOAC versus VKA treatment among patients with AF and recent stroke (

PURPOSE: A radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag system was designed to streamline cryopreservation and thawing procedures. This study evaluated the usefulness of the RFID tag system for improving the efficiency of cryopreserving/thawing bovine ovarian tissue by the closed vitrification protocol. METHODS: Six participants carried out closed vitrification and thawing of bovine ovarian tissues procedures using either the conventional or the new RFID tag method, and the time required to perform each step of the respective methods was measured. After normality of data was confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, the significance of differences was assessed by the unpaired t test. RESULTS: When closed vitrification was performed, the time required for each step showed a significant difference between the two methods (t(4) = 2.938, p = 0.042, d = 2.40), and the total cryopreservation time was 11 min shorter using the RFID tag system. When thawing was performed, the time required for each step also showed a significant difference between the two methods (t(4) = 2.797, p = 0.049, d = 2.28), and the total thawing time was 2 min shorter using the RFID tag system. CONCLUSION: The RFID tag system tested in this study seems to be suitable for managing biological samples stored in liquid nitrogen. Adoption of an RFID tag system by fertility centers may not only improve the efficiency of cryopreserving/thawing reproductive tissues but could also reduce human error.

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect on a Weyl semimetal Co2MnAl Heusler alloy was experimentally and theoretically investigated by changing the Co content, the direction of electric current against the crystal axis, and the measurement temperature. The experimentally fabricated Co2MnAl thin films epitaxially grown on a MgO single-crystal substrate showed the positive AMR ratios independent of the Co content, the direction of electric current, and the measurement temperature. The AMR ratios for the direction of electric current along Co2MnAl[100] were larger than those along Co2MnAl[110]. The maximum AMR ratios for Co2MnAl[100] were 0.576% at 5 K and 0.349% at 300 K for a Co content of 47 at. %, which is close to the stoichiometric composition. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations of AMR ratios based on the s-d scattering process of the electrons at the Fermi energy, including the information on the density of states (DOS) obtained from first-principles calculations, exhibited trends similar to the experimental results. Compared with the AMR results of Co2MnGa[110], we found that the magnitude relation between the partial DOS of the ε and γ orbitals of the d state of Co atoms determined the sign of the AMR ratios. These results suggest that the AMR effect of Weyl semimetal Co2MnAl can be elucidated by the s-d scattering process of the electrons.

This study aims to predict endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using machine learning (ML) integration of patient characteristics, stent-graft configuration, and a selection of vessel lengths, diameters and angles measured using pre-operative computed tomography angiography (CTA).We evaluated 1-year follow-up CT scans (arterial and delayed phases) in patients who underwent EVAR for the presence or absence of an endoleak. We also obtained data on the patient characteristics, stent-graft selection, and preoperative CT vessel morphology (diameter, length, and angle). The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) for the ML system was trained on 30 patients with endoleaks and 81 patients without. We evaluated 5217 items in 111 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, including the patient characteristics, stent-graft configuration and vascular morphology acquired using pre-EVAR abdominal CTA. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) of our receiver operating characteristic analysis using the ML method.The AUC, accuracy, 95% confidence interval (CI), sensitivity, and specificity were 0.88, 0.88, 0.79-0.97, 0.85, and 0.91 for ML applying XGBoost, respectively.The diagnostic performance of the ML method was useful when factors such as the patient characteristics, stent-graft configuration and vessel length, diameter and angle of the vessels were considered from pre-EVAR CTA.Based on our findings, we suggest that this is a potential application of ML for the interpretation of abdominal CTA scans in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms scheduled for EVAR.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that dose reduction does not compromise image quality when combining high helical pitch (HP) and the ECG-Edit function during low HP retrospectively gated computed tomography angiography (CTA).This study made use of a pulsating cardiac phantom (ALPHA 1 VTPC). The heart rate (HR) of the cardiac phantom was changed in five intervals, every 5 beats per minute (bpm), from 40 to 60 bpm. Evaluation of a range of HR was important because data loss might occur when combining a low HR and high HP. We performed retrospectively gated CTA scans five times using a low HP (0.16) and high HP (0.24), for each of the five HR intervals, using a 64-detector row CT scanner. The CT volume dose index (CTDIData loss occurred with a HR of 40 bpm and 45 bpm when using HP 0.24. The CTDIThe ECG-Edit function is potential useful for repairing the lost data in patients with a low HR, and when combined with a high HP, it is possible to reduce the radiation dose by approximately 33%.The ECG-Edit function and high HP may be a viable option in pediatric CTA studies.

Background Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that affects multiple organs. Among these, the presence of cardiac involvement is recognised as a determinant of worse clinical outcomes. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) is a potentially useful biomarker in the diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity in patients with sarcoidosis. However, it remains to be seen whether sIL-2R is associated with the severity and activity of disease in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Purpose The aims of this study were to investigate whether sIL-2R was associated with clinical outcomes and to clarify the relationship between sIL-2R levels and disease activity evaluated by 18F-fluorideoxyglucose in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with CS. Methods We examined 101 consecutive patients with CS who were admitted to our University HospitalbetweenMay 2003 and February 2020. Patients who had no data of serum sIL-2R levels before initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (n=18) were excluded. Ultimately, 83 patients were examined in this study. The primary outcome was a composite of advanced atrioventricular block (AVB), ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), heart failure hospitalisation, and all-cause death. Inflammatory activity in the myocardium and lymph nodes were assessed by18F-FDG PET/CT. We used a published program to analyse the cardiac metabolic activity (CMA), and total lymph node glycolysis (TLyG), which are quantitative measures of FDG volume-intensity. Results During a median follow-up period of 2.96 (interquartile range 2.24–4.27) years, the primary outcome occurred in 24 patients (29%), including 1 advanced AVB, 13 VT/VF, 5 hospitalisations for heart failure, and 5 all-cause deaths. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that the primary outcome occurred more frequently in patients with higher sIL-2R levels (>538 U/mL, the median) than in those with lower sIL-2R levels (Figure). A multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that a higher sIL-2R level was independently associated with an increased subsequent risk of adverse events (hazard ratio 3.71, 95% confidence interval 1.63–8.44, p=0.002), even after adjustments for age, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and late gadolinium enhancement, which are known to be strong determinants of worse clinical outcomes in patients with CS (Table). Furthermore, sIL-2R levels were significantly correlated with TLyG, the inflammatory activity in lymph nodes (r=0.346, p=0.003) but not with CMA, the inflammatory activity in myocardium (r=0.131, p=0.27). Conclusions Increased sIL-2R is associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes accompanied by increased systemic inflammatory activity in CS patients. These findings suggest the importance of assessing sIL-2R as a surrogate marker for further risk stratification in these patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Background A metabolomic study in the human heart suggested a pivotal role of amino acid (AA) metabolism in fatty acid oxidation, which is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure. We previously reported that aberrant up-regulation of AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3) impairs cardiac energetics in T2DM hearts, and AMPD3 was recently shown to be activated by fasting and to promote AA metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. A sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) has been shown to augment systemic AA metabolism, but its effect on cardiac AA metabolism remains unknown. Purpose We hypothesized that AMPD3 has a role in AA and lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes and that the protective effect of an SGLT2i in diabetic hearts is mediated by modification of AA and lipid metabolism. Methods and results Proteomic analyses of AMPD3 immunoprecipitates in rat hearts revealed that AMPD3 interacted with the E1α and E2 components of the BCKDH complex, a rate-limiting enzyme of branched-chain AA (BCAA) catabolism. Immunoblotting using subcellular fractions revealed that BCKDH localized not only in the mitochondria matrix but also in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that AMPD3 interacted with BCKDH in the cytosol and ER. Despite comparable expression of BCKDH components and phosphorylation of E1α at Ser293, significant accumulation of BCAA was observed in T2DM rats (OLETF; 317±30 nmol/g) compared to that in control rats (LETO; 213±16 nmol/g), and the accumulation of BCAA was accompanied by up-regulation of AMPD3 in the cytosol and ER by 98% and 231%, respectively. In cardiomyocytes, disruption of BCAA catabolism by knockdown of BCKDH-E1α resulted in a 5.8-fold increase in AMPD3 at the transcriptional level and blunted lipid droplet biogenesis in response to a long-chain fatty acid challenge. Next, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in LETO and OLETF pretreated with empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day, 14 days) or a vehicle. Pathway analysis of cardiac metabolites revealed arginine biosynthesis and BCAA metabolism as the most significantly changed pathways with empagliflozin, with BCAA (791±187 nmol/g), glutamate, glutamine and urea being significantly increased. Empagliflozin restored myocardial ATP and survival after MI in OLETF to levels comparable to those in LETO. Electron microscopy showed a significantly higher prevalence of myocardium lipid droplets in OLETF, which was further increased by empagliflozin. Conclusions The results support the hypotheses that imbalance of extra-mitochondrial AMPD3-BCKDH interaction underlies dysregulated BCAA metabolism in T2DM hearts and that activation of cardiac AA metabolism by an SGLT2i normalizes fatty acid overload through sequestration into intracellular lipid droplets. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Boehringer Ingelheim

The excess heat absorbed from the atmosphere has increased the temperature in the upper layers of the ocean (

We report the observation of photo-induced plasmon–phonon coupled modes in the group IV–VI semiconductor PbTe using ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We measure the near-zone-center excited-state dispersion of the heavily screened longitudinal optical (LO) phonon branch as extracted from differential changes in x-ray diffuse scattering intensity following above bandgap photoexcitation. We suggest that upon photoexcitation, the LO phonon-plasmon coupled (LOPC) modes themselves become coupled to longitudinal acoustic modes that drive electron band shifts via acoustic deformation potentials and possibly to low-energy single-particle excitations within the plasma and that these couplings give rise to displacement-correlations that oscillate in time with a period given effectively by the heavily screened LOPC frequency.

We designed and fabricated a microwave transmitting antenna that uses an HTS thick disk as a patch antenna with a resonant frequency of around 5.0 GHz. The reflection property S 11, electromagnetic fields, current distributions, and far-field of several resonant modes in the antenna were analyzed using the CST studio suite. We compared the properties in several resonance modes and selected the TM11 mode, which has the smallest resonator size and the highest directivity. The antenna was assembled using a GdBCO thick disk, sapphire substrates, Cu housing, and SMA connector. We measured the S 11 using a vector network analyzer and pulse tube refrigerator and found that it had a resonant frequency of 4.996 GHz and a Q u of 405 at the temperature of 48 K. These measured properties were in good agreement with the simulated results.

Steel sheet-piles are driven into the ground to prevent failure of soils and intrusion of water. The current main function of constructing sheet-piles used as a temporary structure has problems such as low productivity, few adoption opportunities, and high cost. Therefore, a double sheet-pile method has been developed. Also, from centrifugal model tests or full-scale experiments, the effectiveness of this method had been confirmed. However, the soil behavior between two sheet-piles has not been clarified yet. Hence, the purpose of this study is to clarify the soil behavior between two sheet-piles and the mechanism of its effectiveness of the structure using X-ray CT. From experimental results,, X-ray CT images were able to visualize the location where the maximum force is applied during excavation and the form of sliding failure, and also confirmed the importance of the soil between the two sheet-piles.

A Ga-doped Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet has attracted significant attention as a heavy-rare-earth-free high-performance magnet. We have studied the temperature dependent magnetization reversal process of a Ga-doped Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet based on the first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis. The FORC diagram pattern of the Ga-doped Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet changes from single spot in the high field region at room temperature to double spots in the low and high field regions at 200 °C, indicating that the dominant magnetization reversal process changes from single domain type to multidomain type. The single domain magnetization reversal at room temperature is well confirmed by using the soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism microscopy observation. This change in the magnetization reversal process is well discussed by the temperature dependent local demagnetization field and the saturation field of multidomain state. Moreover, we have demonstrated the quantitative analysis of the FORC diagram pattern, which makes a deeper understanding of the magnetization reversal process of the Ga-doped Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet.

Traditionally, children presenting with appendicitis are referred for urgent appendectomy. Recent improvements in the quality and availability of diagnostic imaging allow for better pre-operative characterization of appendicitis, including severity of inflammation; size of the appendix; and presence of extra-luminal inflammation, phlegmon, or abscess. These imaging advances, in conjunction with the availability of broad spectrum oral antibiotics, allow for the identification of a subset of patients with uncomplicated appendicitis that can be successfully treated with antibiotics alone. Recent studies demonstrated that antibiotics alone are a safe and efficacious treatment alternative for patents with uncomplicated appendicitis. The objective of this study is to perform a multi-institutional trial to examine the effectiveness of non-operative management of uncomplicated pediatric appendicitis across a group of large children’s hospitals. A prospective patient choice design was chosen to compare non-operative management to surgery in order to assess effectiveness in a broad population representative of clinical practice in which non-operative management is offered as an alternative to surgery. The risks and benefits of each treatment are very different and a “successful” treatment depends on which risks and benefits are most important to each patient and his/her family. The patient-choice design allows for alignment of preferences with treatment. Patients meeting eligibility criteria are offered a choice of non-operative management or appendectomy. Primary outcomes include determining the success rate of non-operative management and comparing differences in disability days, and secondarily, complication rates, quality of life, and healthcare satisfaction, between patients choosing non-operative management and those choosing appendectomy.

We have investigated the effect of Ga on the microstructure and coercivity in Nd-rich Ga-doped Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with different amount of Ga additions using focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM), aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), three dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. While a ferromagnetic Fe-rich amorphous phase is a dominant grain boundary phase in the Ga-free magnet, the trace addition of Ga resulted in the formation of the Nd6Fe13Ga antiferromagnetic phase at grain boundaries as well as in triple junctions after post-sinter annealing above 480 °C. In addition, non-ferromagnetic Nd-rich phases with the Ia 3 ¯ structure and the amorphous structure were formed along the grain boundaries. The structures and chemical compositions of these three types of grain boundary phases were identified. The high coercivity is closely related with the formation of the three types of non-ferromagnetic grain boundary phase rather than the amount of the Nd6Fe13Ga triple junction phase; hence the coercivity enhancement after the optimal heat-treatment is attributed to the magnetic isolation of the Nd2Fe14B grains through the formation of the non-ferromagnetic grain boundary phases. The underlying mechanism for the formation of these grain boundary phases is discussed based on the experimental results.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with attaining fecal continence in children with anorectal malformations (ARM). Methods We performed a multi-institutional cohort study of children born with ARM in 2007–2011 who had spinal and sacral imaging. Questions from the Baylor Social Continence Scale were used to assess fecal continence at the age of ≥ 4 years. Factors present at birth that predicted continence were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among 144 ARM patients with a median age of 7 years (IQR 6–8), 58 (40%) were continent. The rate of fecal continence varied by ARM subtype (p = 0.002) with the highest rate of continence in patients with perineal fistula (60%). Spinal anomalies and the lateral sacral ratio were not associated with continence. On multivariable analysis, patients with less severe ARM subtypes (perineal fistula, recto-bulbar fistula, recto-vestibular fistula, no fistula, rectal stenosis) were more likely to be continent (OR = 7.4, p = 0.001). Conclusion Type of ARM was the only factor that predicted fecal continence in children with ARM. The high degree of incontinence, even in the least severe subtypes, highlights that predicting fecal continence is difficult at birth and supports the need for long-term follow-up and bowel management programs for children with ARM. Type of Study Prospective Cohort Study. Level of Evidence II.

Development of low friction surface materials matched with low friction lubricants is an important route to improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a material of interest because it combines the durability of diamond with the low friction properties of graphite. Consequently, various forms of DLC have been studied as durable, low friction surface coatings. At the same time, friction modifiers (FMs) are often used in engine lubricants to produce low friction surface layers. Molybdenum-based friction modifiers are commonly used additives that mechanochemically decompose to cover surfaces with MoS2, a solid lubricant. FMs can also reduce friction on DLC surfaces. However, molybdenum can be harmful to DLC and cause rapid degradation and breakthrough of the DLC surface layer. We have found that the wear debit of molybdenum FMs trends with surface affinity of the additive. The adsorption isotherms of 4 Mo-based FMs on boron-doped diamond-like carbon (BDLC) were measured with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The strongest adsorbate, Mo dithiophosphate (MoDTP), which also forms the thickest film, protects the BDLC surface enabling low friction while keeping wear low. Theoretical predictions based on molecular dynamics simulations combined with molecular-thermodynamic theory (MD-MTT) show that adsorption of MoDTP on BDLC deviates significantly from Langmuir behavior and free energy of adsorption for the first monolayer is significantly more negative than the multilayer adsorption free energy observed experimentally. The relationship between wear and adsorption behavior is consistent with experimental observations in the literature. These results also suggest that additive performance in a fully formulated lubricant is related to fundamental adsorption properties measured on the neat additive.

Although Glomerella glycines, Colletotrichum magnum and C. orchidearum are known as causal agents of anthracnose of soybean, Cucurbitaceae and Orchidaceae, respectively, their taxonomy remains unresolved. In preliminary analyses based on ITS, strains of these species appear basal in Colletotrichum phylogenies, clustering close to C. cliviae, C. brevisporum and other recently described species from tropical or subtropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 102 strains previously identified as Ga. glycines, C. magnum and C. orchidearum as well as other related strains from different culture collections and studies placed these taxa in three species complexes, and distinguished at least 24 species, including 11 new species. In this study, C. magnum, C. orchidearum and C. piperis were epitypified and their taxonomy resolved, while C. cliviicola was proposed as a new name for C. cliviae. Furthermore, a sexual morph was observed for C. yunnanense, while C. brevisporum, C. cliviicola and C. tropicicola were reported from new hosts or countries. Regarding their conidial morphology, species in the C. dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes are reminiscent of C. gloeosporioides or C. boninense s. lat., and were likely to be confused with them in the past.

Interparticle interactions are self-conflicting rather than cooperative on particular lattices. When such geometrical frustration occurs, charge ordering (CO) can be destabilized into non-trivial charge states such as the recently observed charge glass (CG). A more extreme case is the frustration-induced quantum melting of the CO that has been theoretically proposed. Here, we report d.c. charge transport and noise spectroscopy measurements for a triangular-lattice organic conductor situated close to the CO or CG. Our experiments demonstrate that these materials can host a strange metal with unusual charge dynamics, which we attribute to frustration-induced fluctuations of the CO or CG. Our results also show that the anomalous charge fluctuations can freeze into an insulating state when uniaxial stress is applied, which reduces the geometrical frustration. The present observations suggest the existence of the frustration-induced quantum melting of charges analogous to spin liquids. Charge-frustration-induced melting of charge order is identified on a conducting organic triangular lattice, with a possible role of quantum effects.

With the objective of improving and controlling the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets, the effects of an external dc magnetic field applied during heat treatment were studied. In this paper, we report on the effects of the direction of the magnetic field applied during heat treatment by comparing the magnetic properties of the samples. The heat treatment temperature was controlled to be 1123 and 1273 K. During heat treatment, the magnetic field was applied parallel to the rolling direction or rolling transverse direction of sheet samples, and the magnetic field strength was 10 T. The magnetic properties of a sample heat-treated under the magnetic field vary with the direction of the materials because of their magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic anisotropy could be reduced by controlling the magnetic characteristics by applying an external magnetic field during cooling. To conduct a crystallographic study, the evaluation of crystal orientation was carried out using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Crystal orientation distribution could be analyzed by the crystal analysis of the sample heat-treated in a magnetic field using EBSD.

In order to improve magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets, effects of heat treatment in a magnetic field to control crystallographic orientation were studied. In this paper, we report on the effects of the amplitude and direction of the magnetic field applied during the heat treatment in comparison to magnetic properties of samples, which the longitudinal direction is parallel to the rolling direction (RD) or rolling transverse direction (TD). To clarify the effects of heat treatment in a magnetic field on the magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheets, heat treatment without magnetic field was firstly carried out and a change rate, defined as a value obtained by dividing the iron loss value after the heat treatment by the iron loss value before the heat treatment, was used in the evaluation. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the heat treatment apparatus. The heat treatment apparatus consisted of an electric furnace at inner diameter of a superconducting magnet (10 T - CSM) and a quartz glass tube inserted into the furnace. The quartz tube was depressurized to less than $10 ^{-3}$ Pa with a turbo molecular pump. The heat treatment temperature was controlled at 1023 K, 1123 K, and 1273 K. 10 mm $\times 50$ mm sized samples were prepared by cutting a non-oriented electrical steel sheet, 50A470 (JIS C 2552), with electrical discharge machining. Samples were cut so that their longitudinal direction was parallel to the rolling direction or rolling transverse direction. The samples were placed at the center of the magnetic field in the quartz tube using a holding jig made of quartz in a way that the direction of the magnetic field would be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the samples. The strength of the applied magnetic field was set to a maximum of 10 T. Fig. 2 shows iron loss change rate of the samples heat treated at 1273 K with respect to iron loss before heat treatment. In Fig. 2, for example, “RD-10T” means the sample with longitudinal direction parallel to the rolling direction and applied magnetic field during the heat treatment of 10 T. The vertical axis represents the change rate and the horizontal axis represents the amplitude of the excitation magnetic flux density controlled by the sinusoidal wave of 50 Hz with a small-sized single sheet tester. As shown in Fig. 2, both the RD- and TD-samples heat-treated without magnetic field (0 T) under the temperature condition of 1273 K showed a remarkable change in the magnetic properties. The grain growth was accelerated by the heat treatment, the iron loss was reduced, and the permeability under low excitation conditions was improved. Contrarily, the permeability at 1.6 T or higher decreased. It was also found that the effect of the heat treatment on the reduction of the iron loss was greater in the TD-samples. As for the results of heat-treatment in magnetic field, the iron loss of the RD-sample was reduced after heat treatment in 10 T. On the other hand, the iron loss of the TD-sample increased after heat treatment in 10 T. It was also found that application of the strong magnetic field of 10 T throughout the heat treatment, i.e., during the heating and cooling, caused increase of the iron loss and decrease of the magnetic permeability regardless of the direction of the material. The cause of this phenomenon is possibly the contraction of the polycrystalline specimen in the strong magnetic field. The details will be discussed at the presentation and in the full version of this paper.