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The purpose of this research is to search out empirical proof that the expected return of shares portfolio is influenced by the presence of systematic and unsystematic risk. The population in this study was a combination of shares portfolio of non-financial companies listed in the LQ45 stock index during the period 2015 - 2019. The technique for sampling in this research using the technique of purposive sampling with a sample of 7 companies combined into 120 samples. The results of the study were obtained from data that had been analyzed using a test of descriptive statistics, a test of classical assumption, determinant coefficients test, and analysis of multiple linear regression through the help of the SPSS application. The results of the research on the F-test showed that the simultaneous systematic risk (X1) and unsystematic risk (X2) have a significant and positive impact on the expected return of portfolio (Y). The results of the t-test showed that partially the systematic risk variable (X1) has a negative and significant impact on the optimal portfolio expected return (Y), and partially the unsystematic risk variable (X2) has a significant and positive impact on the expected return of optimal portfolio (Y). The variable probability of systematic and unsystematic risk has an impact of 53.5% on the expected return on the basis of the effects of the coefficient of determination in this analysis, while the remaining 46.5% is determined by other factors that are not tested.

Land use change is one of the causes of the decreasing of hydrological function that affects the hydrological response of a watershed. Planning of watershed management needs to be conducted to improve the hydrological function of the watershed. This study aims to determine the hydrological response in supporting watershed management planning in Opak Hulu Watershed. This research was conducted using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological modeling. The method used included data collection, processing of input data, running of SWAT model, calibration, validation, and the decision of the best watershed management scenarios. The results of the analysis of land use changes in the Opak Hulu Watershed in 2012–2017 had a significant increase in mixed upland agriculture (3.21%) and shrubs (1.43%). Meanwhile, open field (2,31%) and dry land agriculture (1.71%) decreased significantly. Based on the analyzed hydrological scenario, Soil and Water Conservation techniques can decrease the surface runoff and increase the lateral flow and base flow. The scenario is able to decrease the surface runoff by 542.22 mm (27.09%). It increases lateral flow and base flow by 321.82 mm (13.15%) and 797.28 mm (18.32%), respectively. The best watershed management planning with Soil and Water Conservation technique is able to reach Annual Flow Coefficient value to 0,33 (moderate) and 69,85 (moderate) for Flow Regime Coefficient.

This study is based on the effectiveness of e-commerce implementation increasing room occupancy. It aims to find out how effective the implementation of e-commerce is and to find out the most effective variables in increasing the room occupancy at InterContinental Bali Resort. This research theoretically is expected to support other research by providing additional information regarding the development of e-commerce activities and practically is expected to be useful for hotel management to evaluate the effectiveness of e-commerce implementation. The data collection methods used in this research are documentation, interviews, and observations. The data analysis technique used is a quantitative analysis which is done through the calculation of the percentage of effectiveness using the effectiveness formula, and descriptive qualitative that is done to explain the information and data in the form of numbers collected during conducting research. Data processing is done using Microsoft Excel and the results of data analysis in the form of numbers, percentages, and graphs will be qualitative in the form of information to answer the problem formulation, make conclusions and suggestions for this research. The implementation of e-commerce which is examined in this research is through B2B and B2C strategies. Based on the analysis that has been done, the results show that the average effectiveness of e-commerce is reaching 100% or it is categorized as “Very Effective” and B2B strategy is more effective in contributing room occupancy because it can exceed the target to be achieved.

One of the priority watersheds to be managed in Indonesia is the Cisadane watershed due to the high degradation problems. The Cisadene watershed degradation could be indicated by a high river flow during rainy season, low baseflow in dry season, and high erosion and sedimentation. One of the main problems in the Cisadane watershed is a huge landcover changes in the Cisadane Hulu watershed that causes a decrease in water absorption region and a surface runoff. The study aimed to analyze landcover changes in the Cisadane Hulu Watershed during 20132018 and analyze the watershed conditions based on their hydrological characteristics. Analysis of landcover changes patterns was carried out by processing spatial data using GIS software. Analysis for hydrological characteristics was conducted by using SWAT modelling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The results showed that there were land cover changes during 20132018. The most significant landcover changes in the Cisadane Hulu watershed was residential area (455.95 ha). The result simulation scenario of the model SWAT showed scenario 2 was the best scenario for the management of the Cisadane Hulu watershed. The application of Soil and Water Conservation can decrease surface runoff by 32.1% and increase lateral flow by 8.89%. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this SWAT model simulation will be taken into consideration by the local government for the optimal management of the Cisadane Hulu watershed.

This study discusses how a phenomenon can affect civilization and the outlook on society. Prediction is so important to uncover major events that have occurred at a certain period or period. Forecast defined as attempts to acquire knowledge through occult ways or using certain rituals. Said forecaster derived from Arabic which means a science Raml for interpreting, judging, see and predict the fate of someone in the future. Activities divination fortune-telling in the novel Sabdo Palon Pudarnya Surya Majapahit by Dhamar Shashangka refers to signs/phenomena that come from nature itself, namely with the emergence of a red lunar eclipse (blood moon) lunar eclipse, Chandra Kartika, earthquake, and head of the earth at Majapahit sky. The conclusions from this study indicate that predictions are so important to answer someone's curiosity and curiosity about things that are beyond the limits of ordinary human abilities and to reveal it all also requires help from someone who has extraordinary abilities and knowledge of the prophecy itself. In this novel, the translator is focused on the figure of Sabdo Palon

Introduction: Complex cervicofacial cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction is known to have a high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We hypothesized that by implementing an optimized respiratory protocol, including preemptive postoperative pressure support ventilation, physiotherapy, and critical respiratory support and follow-up, we could decrease the incidence of PPCs. Patients and methods: We evaluated the incidence of PPCs over two periods in two groups of patients having a routine or optimized postoperative respiratory protocol: 156 adult patients undergoing major cervicofacial cancer surgery were assessed; 91 were in Group 1 (routine) and 65 were in Group 2 (optimized). In Group 1, no ventilatory support sessions were performed. The incidence of pulmonary complications in both groups was compared using a multivariate analysis. Mortality was also compared until one year postoperatively. Results: In Group 2 with an optimized protocol, the mean number of ventilatory support sessions was 3.7 ± 1 (minimum 2, maximum 6). The incidence of respiratory complications, which was 34% in Group 1 (routine), was reduced by 59% OR = 0.41 (0.16; 0.95), p = 0.043) to 21% for the optimized Group 2. No difference in mortality was found. Conclusions: The present retrospective study showed that using an optimized preemptive respiratory pressure support ventilation combined with physiotherapy after a major cervicofacial surgery could possibly help reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications. Prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.

Due to their exceptional structural integrity, steel pipelines are the main component for oil and gas transmission. However, these pipelines are often affected by corrosion, despite corrosion protection, because of harsh working conditions. In addition to corrosion defects, pipelines are often subjected to multiple external loads. The combination of corrosion defects and external loads can significantly reduce the failure pressure, resulting in various failure behaviors. This reduction in failure pressure is especially critical in pipe bends as they are the weakest link in a pipeline. This paper presents an overview of the failure behavior of corroded steel pipe components subjected to internal pressure and axial compressive stress.

There is no reliable failure pressure assessment method for pipe elbows, specifically those subjected to internal pressure and axial compressive stress, other than time-consuming numerical methods, which are impractical in time-critical situations. This paper proposes a set of empirical equations, based on Artificial Neural Networks, for the failure pressure prediction of pipe elbows subjected to combined loadings. The neural network was trained with data generated using the Finite Element Method. A parametric analysis was then carried out to study the failure behaviour of corroded high-strength steel subjected to combined loadings. It was found that defect depth, length, spacing (longitudinal), and axial compressive stress greatly influenced the failure pressure of a corroded pipe elbow, especially for defects located at the intrados, with reductions in failure pressure ranging from 12.56–78.3%. On the contrary, the effects of circumferential defect spacing were insignificant, with a maximum of 6.78% reduction in the failure pressure of the pipe elbow. This study enables the failure pressure prediction of corroded pipe elbows subjected to combined loadings using empirical equations. However, its application is limited to single, longitudinally interacting, and circumferentially interacting defects with the specified range of parameters mentioned in this study.

This article reports on a secondary data analysis conducted on the South African mathematics teachers' dataset of the Second Information Technology in Education Study (SITES 2006). The sample consisted of a stratified sample of 640 mathematics teachers from 504 randomly selected computer-using and non-computer-using schools that completed the SITES 2006 teachers' questionnaire, which investigated their pedagogical use of Information Communication Technology (ICT). The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate the level of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of mathematics teachers, and how TPACK attributes contribute towards more effective Grade 8 mathematics teaching in South African schools, using the TPACK conceptual framework. The findings are presented according to the three clusters identified through the association between the main variables of the TPACK model and other variables on the SITES 2006 teachers' questionnaire: (1) impact of ICT use, (2) teacher practices and (3) barriers. A Cramér V of between 0.3 and 0.4 was considered to signal a medium effect that tended towards practically significant association, and a Cramér V of 0.4 or larger was considered to signal a large effect with practically significant association. The results indicate that the TPACK of mathematics teachers contributes towards more effective Grade 8 mathematics teaching in South African schools.

This paper reports on disadvantaged South African practising teachers' perceptions on computer literacy competencies while studying to improve their teaching qualifications. During the process of developing a learning technology integration framework for the School of Continuing Teacher Education at North-West University, South Africa, an initial exploratory survey identified issues and themes for systemic inquiry, in order to provide substance to the integration framework. The purposive sample related to a criterion-based selection of N=338 teacher-students attending supplementary computer literacy training sessions. Queues from the Technology Acceptance Model supplemented the questions intended to investigate enablers and barriers to learning technology adoption. The pragmatic approach was towards discovering which possible interventions could be introduced to enable adoption of technology in interaction and learning. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling produce a suggested parsimonious model relating to self-confidence, trust and perseverance in acquiring computer literacy. (Contains 5 tables and 1 figure.)

Increased concern about the low levels of literacy and numeracy among Grade 3 learners in South Africa is resulting in more emphasis being placed on the preparatory Grade R year. The level of learning readiness of pupils when entering formal teaching in Grade 1 is determined by perceptual motor stimulation that pupils received during the preschool phase. 'Learning readiness' can be influenced by the knowledge of teachers, teacher/child ratio, the availability of teaching aids, as well as the amount of space and time allocated to movement activities. The aim of the study recounted in this article was to determine the physical deficiencies that could negatively affect children's perceptual motor development and school readiness. Focus was placed on factors that influence perceptual motor development such as the training of teachers, availability of equipment and resources at schools with Grade R classes. Demographic information was collected with regards to; the qualification of teachers, the number of pupils, and intervention programmes that are offered at schools by outside institutions. A Likert scale questionnaire, with a combination of yes/no and open questions, was used and followed up by a personal interview. According to availability, 31 schools and 51 teachers were selected to participate in the research. Teachers of schools in developed areas and disadvantaged areas were involved in the study. The results of the study show that teachers are not sufficiently trained for the early child developmental needs within the education environment and that many schools are under-supplied in terms of resources and equipment. It is recommended that these teachers receive inservice training on learners' perceptual motor development and that the Department of Education should provide schools with resources and equipment to prevent these deficiencies in the education system.

Research aim: This paper investigates whether religiosity, within a goal-setting context, affects goal commitment as well as moderates budget participation and budget goal commitment relationship. Design/Methodology/ Approach: A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from managers at public listed companies in Jordan. A total of 178 samples was used for data analysis. Research finding: Based on partial least squares (PLS) analysis, as expected, this study found that the relationship between budget participation and budget goal commitment is positive and strongly significant. Religiosity shows a significant and positive relationship with budget goal commitment. However, contrary to expectation, religiosity does not moderate the relationship between budget participation and budget goal commitment. Practitioner/ Policy implication: This paper is beneficial in understanding how religiosity governs an individual’s workplace behavior, particularly in the budgeting context. Research limitation: Due to the cross-sectional survey, this study has several limitations. One limitation is, the results may be influenced by common limitations associated with the survey research method, such as dishonest answers, hidden agendas of the respondents, and unanswered questions. Keywords: Budget Participation, Budget Goal Commitment, Religiosity, Jordan Type of article: Research paper JEL Classification: M41

Purpura fulminans is a life-threatening disease, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation and endovascular thrombosis; can often occur secondary to heterogeneous etiologies, such as sepsis, and to a lesser extent, secondary to sepsis due to halophilic bacteria, such as V. vulnificus, found in marine environments. Patients with specific comorbidities are at the highest risk of worst scenarios, without prompt treatment, infection can rapidly evolve to fatal, with a mortality rate close to 100 %. We present a case of Purpura fulminans due to V. vulnificus septicemia.

Purpose: An emphasis on school performance is not just a national issue, but must be examined within the global context. Successful leadership is ensured by school leaders' compliance to a set of basic practices within particular school contexts. The impact of leadership styles on performance, the work environment and job satisfaction is emphasized, while the appropriate leadership style could make teachers more effective in terms of job productivity. The adoption of different leadership styles by school leaders shows positive results with regard to school effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to describe school leadership styles and the influence the styles have on school performance. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach with a post-positive paradigm was followed. A systematic random sample of 72 secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was selected. The Cronbach's a coefficient, statistical significance (p-values) and effect size (d-values) were calculated, and a factor analysis was conducted. Findings: The results show a difference between teachers and principals regarding the transformational leadership style. The principals in the high-performing schools were perceived as less passive-avoidant in practice than those in the low-performing schools. A principal manages and leads a school effectively by applying an appropriate leadership style. Research limitations/implications: For future research, it will be advisable to make use of a mixed-method design. Although the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire addressed numerous aspects of leadership and leadership styles, the "voice" of the respondents lacked. Furthermore, more leadership styles could be investigated in different contexts. Practical implications: A chosen principal leadership style is not necessarily the best style for this purpose. School principals and teachers interpret leadership styles differently. Communication is therefore important. Social implications: The principal leadership style is not always necessarily the teachers' and learners' choice. It is important that schools keep up with a constantly changing world. Originality/value: If school principals and teachers agree upon a specific leadership style, there may be better collaboration which enhances better academic performance as well as effectiveness regarding schools.

Introduction More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI.Methods and analysis EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI.Ethics and dissemination EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials.Trial registration number NCT04165369.

This article examined the consequences of linking health as a regional security issue. Securitisation Theory (hereinafter ST) is an innovative approach to understand how Non-Traditional Security (from now on NTS) is deemed as a posing threat to a referent object. Prioritising NTS issue as a security threat enables the issue to receive a higher degree of importance from policymakers, thereby gathering the resources needed in dealing with the threat. However, addressing NTS issues also bring negative implications; it can divert attention from more concerning issues. This article, therefore, investigated the consequences of securitising health issues at the Southeast Asian level. This was done through triangulating academic materials, ASEAN’s official statements, and semi-structured elite interviews on Southeast Asian health policy discourses between 1967 and 2010. This study argues that while there are some disadvantages to regional efforts in constructing pandemic disease as a regional security threat, the advantages of such a move outweighs the drawbacks, particularly in terms of establishing regional health mechanisms.

Peatlands are especially important but fragile tropical landscapes. The importance of peatlands is owing to their ability to 1) sequester a considerable amount of terrestrial carbon, 2) store freshwater, and 3) regulate floods during the rainy season. Nowadays, extensive peatland degradation occurs because of peatland utilization for agriculture purposes, causing severe environmental consequences such as carbon emission, loss of biodiversity, risk of flooding, and peat fire. Meanwhile, local planners and decision makers tend to overlook the long-term strategic function of peatlands for carbon storage and hydrological regulation, preferring peatland utilization for short-term economic benefits. The objective of our study is to quantify the total ecosystem services (except biodiversity) of a tropical peatland landscape in various peat-utilization scenarios to help build awareness among local planners and decision makers on the strategic tradeoff between peatland utilization and restoration. Studies on the total ecosystem services in a tropical peatland landscape involving hydrological regulation are still rare. Based on the net present value calculation, provisioning services, carbon regulation, and hydrological regulation in our study area account for 19, 70, and 11% of the total ecosystem services, respectively. Based on uncertainty analysis, at any combination of the social cost of carbon emission (within a range of USD 52.7–USD 107.4) and discount rate (within a range of 5–10%), the enrichment of peatlands with paludiculture crops (e.g., jelutong) shows superior ecosystem services compared to other peatland-utilization scenarios. Conversely, planting peatlands with monoculture crops, which are associated with peatland drainage, shows a rapid decrease in the total ecosystem services. The fluvial carbon export in our study, which is often neglected in a peatland carbon budget, increases the estimate of the total carbon budget by 8%. Restoring undrained peatlands with paludiculture crops such as jelutong contributes positively to carbon sequestration and potentially reduces carbon emissions by 11%. These quantitative findings can help local planners and decision makers in understanding the tradeoff between the long-term benefits of peatland restoration and the short-term economic benefits of peatland utilization for monoculture crops.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh risiko suku bunga BI, risiko inflasi dan risiko nilai tukar, terhadap profitabilitas pada Bank BNI Syariah. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data triwulanan tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Untuk metode analisis datanya menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko suku bunga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Risiko inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Risiko nilai tukar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.

This study aims to analyze the effect of interest rate risk and inflation risk on the profitability of Return On Assets (ROA) at Islamic Commercial Banks registered with Bank Indonesia for the 2015-2019 period. The variables used in this study are the BI interest rate and the inflation rate. In this study, the research method used is descriptive quantitative method and the data processing uses multiple linear regression methods. The population in this study were Sharia Commercial Banks registered with Bank Indonesia, and the sampling technique used was simple random sampling technique, in which a sample of 6 Islamic Commercial Banks was obtained for the 2015-2019 period. The results obtained are (1) Partial interest rates have no effect on ROA profitability. (2) The inflation rate partially has no effect on ROA profitability. (3) Simultaneous interest rates and inflation rates have no effect on ROA profitability.

The Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) is a highly dynamic ecosystem that has undergone frequent spatial changes in response to the interglacial-glacial cycles of the Pleistocene. These climatic fluctuations between cold and warm cycles have led to species range shifts and contractions-expansions, resulting in complex patterns of genetic structure and lineage divergence in forest tree species. In this study, we sequenced four regions of the chloroplast DNA (trnT-trnL, trnK5-matk, rpl32-trnL, trnS-trnG) for 20 populations and 96 individuals to evaluate the phylogeography, historical demography, and paleodistributions of vulnerable endemic TMCF trees in Mexico: Magnolia pedrazae (north-region), M. schiedeana (central-region), and M. schiedeana population Oaxaca (south-region). Our data recovered 49 haplotypes that showed a significant phylogeographic structure in three regions: north, central, and south. Bayesian Phylogeographic and Ecological Clustering (BPEC) analysis also supported the divergence in three lineages and highlighted the role of environmental factors (temperature and precipitation) in genetic differentiation. Our historical demography analyses revealed demographic expansions predating the Last Interglacial (LIG, ~125,000 years ago), while Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) simulations equally supported two contrasting demographic scenarios. The BPEC and haplotype network analyses suggested that ancestral haplotypes were geographically found in central Veracruz. Our paleodistributions modeling showed evidence of range shifts and expansions-contractions from the LIG to the present, which suggested the complex evolutionary dynamics associated to the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene. Habitat management of remnant forest fragments where large and genetically diverse populations occur in the three TMCF regions analyzed would be key for the conservation of these magnolia populations.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the imaging features of medulloblastoma (MB) and correlate the MR characteristics with the different histological subtype of MB with 2-year survival. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. A total of 29 patients diagnosed with MB from January 2005 to December 2015 were included in this study. The MRI brain and spine studies of these patients were retrieved and reviewed by a pediatric radiologist and a neuroradiologist independently, both blinded from the histological type of the MB. The HPE slides were also retrieved and reviewed by a pathologist. Results: 80% of desmoplastic MB showed the presence of intracranial leptomeningeal seeding and 57.1% of anaplastic MB showed the presence of necrosis. The presence of intracranial leptomeningeal seeding (P = 0.002) and necrosis (P = 0.019) was predictive of the histological subtypes. There is a significant correlation between the enhancement pattern and the 2-year outcome (P = 0.03) with 6 out of 8 patients whose tumors showed minimal enhancement having disease progression within 2 years. A significant correlation was also seen between the presence of necrosis with a poorer outcome (P = 0.03) and between the HPE subtype and 2-year outcome (P = 0.03) with anaplastic MB having the poorest prognosis. Conclusion: MR imaging features of intracranial leptomeningeal seeding and the presence of necrosis were correlated with a specific histologic subtype of MB. The enhancement pattern as well as necrosis correlated with 2-year poorer outcome of the disease.

Analysis of carrying capacity of agricultural land for food crops is very important to do to determine the extent of the ability of agricultural land in supporting the fulfillment of the food needs of the population in an area. One problem in the Cibaliung watershed is the low ability of land to meet food needs so that residents cannot meet their needs independently. This study aims to determine the level of carrying capacity of agricultural food crops in meeting the food needs of the community in the Cibaliung River Basin (DAS) of Banten Province. Spatially, this study covered 2 regencies consisting of 15 districts within the scope of the Cibaliung watershed. The data used were secondary data taken from the Central Statistics Agency and the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Office of Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies. The results showed that overall based on 4-year data (for the period of 2013‒2016) the carrying capacity of the Cibaliung watershed agricultural land as a whole was still low. In addition, the optimal number of populations that is able to be supported by the available food needs is still smaller than the total population recorded in each district in the Cibaliung watershed. This shows that the Cibaliung watershed area has not been able to be self-sufficient in food and has not been able to provide a decent life for its residents. Therefore, certain efforts need to be made to increase the carrying capacity of food agricultural land in this area, for example by suppressing the population and improving the quality of agricultural land resources through efforts to conserve agriculture and diversify food crop species.