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Background Pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autologous hamstring graft can be attributed to both arthroscopic surgery and the graft donor site. This study investigated whether donor site pain control was superior with the addition of either peri-hamstring injection or anterior division obturator nerve block in comparison with adductor canal block (ACB) alone. Methods Patients scheduled to undergo knee arthroscopy with ACLR using a graft from the ipsilateral hamstring were randomised to one of three groups. All patients received ACB and multimodal analgesia. Subjects in Group H received peri-hamstring local anaesthetic injection while subjects in Group O received an anterior division of the obturator nerve block, and subjects in Group C served as a control group (ACB alone). Results In 105 subjects undergoing ACLR, there was no significant difference between groups H, O, and C for the primary outcome of pain on movement as assessed by numerical rating scale (NRS) on knee flexion at 2 h after operation (P=0.11). There was no difference in NRS at any time point in the first 48 h after operation, nor was there a difference in oxycodone consumption between the three groups at 24 h (P=0.2). Worst knee pain was initially at the graft donor site in all three groups, which transitioned to anterior knee pain after 12 h. Conclusions The addition of ultrasound-guided peri-hamstring injection or anterior division of obturator nerve block to ACB did not result in a significant reduction in pain or opioid consumption after ACLR with ipsilateral hamstring graft. Clinical trial registration NCT 01868282.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Colletotrichum araujiae on leaves, stems and fruits of Araujia hortorum. Australia, Agaricus pateritonsus on soil, Curvularia fraserae on dying leaf of Bothriochloa insculpta, Curvularia millisiae from yellowing leaf tips of Cyperus aromaticus, Marasmius brunneolorobustus on well-rotted wood, Nigrospora cooperae from necrotic leaf of Heteropogon contortus, Penicillium tealii from the body of a dead spider, Pseudocercospora robertsiorum from leaf spots of Senna tora, Talaromyces atkinsoniae from gills of Marasmius crinis-equi and Zasmidium pearceae from leaf spots of Smilax glyciphylla. Brazil, Preussia bezerrensis fromair. Chile, Paraconiothyrium kelleni from the rhizosphere of Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. chiloensis. Finland, Inocybe udicola onsoilinmixedforest with Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Picea abies and Alnus incana. France, Myrmecridium normannianum on dead culm of unidentified Poaceae. Germany, Vexillomyces fraxinicola from symptomless stem wood of Fraxinus excelsior. India, Diaporthe limoniae on infected fruit of Limonia acidissima, Didymella naikii on leaves of Cajanus cajan, and Fulvifomes mangroviensis on basal trunk of Aegiceras corniculatum. Indonesia, Penicillium ezekielii from Zea mays kernels. Namibia, Neocamarosporium calicoremae and Neocladosporium calicoremae on stems of Calicorema capitata, and Pleiochaeta adenolobi on symptomatic leaves of Adenolobus pechuelii. Netherlands, Chalara pteridii on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Neomackenziella juncicola (incl. Neomackenziella gen. nov.)and Sporidesmiella junci from dead culms of Juncus effusus. Pakistan, Inocybe longistipitata on soil in a Quercus forest. Poland, Phytophthora viadrina from rhizosphere soil of Quercus robur, and Septoria krystynae on leaf spots of Viscum album. Portugal (Azores), Acrogenospora stellata on dead wood or bark. South Africa, Phyllactinia greyiae on leaves of Greyia sutherlandii and Punctelia anae on bark of Vachellia karroo. Spain, Anteaglonium lusitanicum on decaying wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica, Hawksworthiomyces riparius from fluvial sediments, Lophiostoma carabassense endophytic in roots of Limbarda crithmoides, and Tuber mohedanoi from calcareussoils. Spain (Canary Islands), Mycena laurisilvae on stumps and woody debris. Sweden, Elaphomyces geminus from soil under Quercus robur. Thailand, Lactifluus chiangraiensis on soil under Pinus merkusii, Lactifluus nakhonphanomensis and Xerocomus sisongkhramensis on soil under Dipterocarpus trees. Ukraine, Valsonectria robiniae on dead twigs of Robinia hispida. USA, Spiralomyces americanus (incl. Spiralomyces gen. nov.) from office air. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a benign breast condition that increases the risk of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Clinically, not all DCIS will progress to IBC and the major drivers of progression are not well understood. The role of small extracellular vesicles, also known as exosomes, is well described in advanced cancers, however, little is known about their role in the invasive progression of in situ breast disease. In this study, we sought to evaluate the role of exosomes and their RNA contents in the progression of DCIS, using the MCF10 isogenic series, in vitro assays and the mouse intraductal model of breast cancer progression. We observed a significant increase of exosome loading of microRNAs (miRNAs) between normal and benign states that increased with each stage. We demonstrate that pro-invasive programs were attenuated when overall exosome and miRNA secretion was inhibited by Rab27A and Dicer knockdown, respectively. Comparisons of exosome miRNA expression changes revealed the greatest differential expression between in situ and invasive cells, with miR-205 being the most significantly different, suggesting a mechanistic role for exosome miRNAs in invasive progression. Modulation of miR-205 levels affected epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the invasive programs in vitro. Progression of DCIS in vivo resulted in increased levels of specific circulating exosome miRNAs, while inhibition of exosome secretion (Rab27A knockdown) attenuated invasive progression and reduced circulating levels of exosome miRNAs. These observations suggest that exosome miRNAs are differentially loaded and expressed, and promote the invasive progression of DCIS and that circulating exosome miRNAs are a potential source of biomarkers of the DCIS to invasive transition. Citation Format: Bethany Hannafon, Samrita Dogra, Sugantha Priya Elayapillai, James Lausen, Matthew Bruns, Fariba Behbod, Amy Gin, Chao Xu, Roy Zhang, Wei-Qun Ding. Exosome microRNAs are progressively altered and contribute to invasive progression of ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr B012.

The present study explored a novel organic-inorganic hybrid CPBNC bionanocomposite by developing chitosan (C)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (P)/nanobioactive glass (B)-nanocellulose (NC) with the addition of 1%, 2% and 3 wt% of nanocellulose as template material for bone tissue application. Nanobioactive glass of size 6-10 nm and nanocellulose of size 6-7 nm was confirmed by TEM analysis. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated strong electrostatic interactions between the functional groups present in the CPBNC bionanocomposite. The mechanical analysis confirmed the formation of CPBNC bionanocomposite and showed improved tensile strength (59.7 ± 1.5 MPa) young's modulus (174.9 ± 6.1 MPa) and compressive strength (4.9 ± 0.2 MPa). Porosity percentage of 61-79% was comparable to cancellous bones with suitable swelling and decreased degradation behaviour properties that could be ideal for cell seeding. Morphological studies by FE-SEM displayed a homogeneous dispersion and smooth surface. The biomimetic mineralization process confirmed the hydroxyapatite nucleation from FE-SEM analysis. It was observed that the CPBNC bionanocomposites provided a better antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus. The hemocompatibility test proved that CPBNC bionanocomposites are blood compatible and showed a hemolytic ratio of less than 2%. The above findings point to a simple method of synthesizing high-performance NC-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

The rapid growth in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and other high-performance computing applications has increased the need for power-efficient and reliable memories. Memory storage and processing are the critical parts in building the hardware for such applications. Portable devices with attractive features of reduced size, low power, and high speed are invited, hence VLSI technology has to be shifted to Nano-regimes. The design of different SRAM memory cells prone to radiation effect causing single event upsets (SEUs) is the main reliability issue to be focused. Due to scaling, the spacing between the sensitive nodes decreases, leading to the distribution of SEU to multiple-node upsets. This paper focuses on the various radiation hardening structures of SRAM bit cells in nanometer technologies. The bit cells are designed using Cadence Virtuoso GPDK 180 nm technology tool.

Fake websites are now producing billions of dollars in fraud at the cost of innocent Internet users. Users will have a difficult time manually identifying these websites as phoney due to their design and appearance. A large number of people buy things online and pay for them using various online payment platforms. Several websites require users to enter sensitive data in order to authenticate. However, some phishing websites make use of this information for nefarious purposes. Automated detection systems have arisen as a means of countering bogus websites, although the most of them are rather basic in terms of fraud and detecting methods. Here, in this project an website is been created for the users with the algorithm having an accuracy of 96% for detecting the website they are using in their daily routine.

The present study was emphasized to develop Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles capable of working as carriers of the hydrophobic drug quercetin, a polyphenolic nutraceutical belonging to flavonoid category of natural compounds, with multifaceted therapeutic applications. Accordingly, quercetin loaded nanoparticles was prepared by an ionotropic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate, followed by alginate polyelectrolyte complexation. Synthesised unloaded and quercetin loaded Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles were extensively characterised for their intermolecular interaction, morphology, percentage of encapsulation and loading capacity of the drug by various physiochemical characterization techniques such as ATR-FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD. The nanoparticles showed excellent architecture with an average particle size of 118–255 nm, showing 82.4% of quercetin encapsulation and 46.5% of quercetin loading capacity. Our results imply that the formulated Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles could be a promising carrier for the encapsulation of the hydrophobic bioactive compound combining safety profile with no acute systemic toxicity in animal models and enhanced protective activity of quercetin.

Background: Medical method of abortion – a combination of Mifepristone followed by prostaglandin analogue such as Misoprostol has been used up to 9 completed weeks since last menstrual period. Misoprostol is the prostaglandin of choice for most settings since it is cheap and does not require refrigeration.The availability of safe and effective medical methods for inducing abortion remains limited at present. However, rapid development and ongoing research may lead to their wider introduction in the near future.Objectives: The aim of the present study is to compare the efficacy of Mifepristone followed after 24 hours by Misoprostol with the standard protocol (Mifepristone followed by Misoprostol after 48 hours).Materials and Methods: This prospective case control study was conducted in 120 patients up to 63 days period of gestation who was diagnosed with early pregnancy failure & suitable for medical abortion from a period of November 2018-July 2019.•Subjects in study arm was given 200 mg oral Mifepristone followed by 800 mcg vaginal Misoprostol after 24 hours, whereas those in control arm was given 200 mg oral Mifepristone followed by 800 mcg of vaginal Misoprostol after 48 hours.•Women who did not have bleeding in the first 8 hrs following 800 mcg Misoprostol were given subsequent 200 mcg of vaginal Misoprostol. Doses were repeated at 4th hourly interval to a maximum Misoprostol dose of 1200mcg.•Sequential allocation was done in the ratio of 1:1.Statistical analysis: It was done by using Student t test & chi-square test. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study.Summary of Results: Out of 135 patients screened 15 patients were excluded as per exclusion criteria and 120 patients were taken for study. Mean induction to abortion interval in study group was in the range of 5-6 hrs versus 6-7 hrs in control group with P value of 0.772. The success rate in study group versus control group is 78.3 % versus 81.6% with P value of 0.29. 11/58 patients required curettage in study group compared to 6/55 in control group. Side effect profile between 24 vs 48 hour regimen was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Vaginal Misoprostol can be safely administered 24 hours following Mifepristone compared to 48 hours regimen with equal efficacy.

To comfort the living conditions within of a human his home, she can use home monitoring and automation are utilized. The standards of human’s comfort in homes can be categorized into several types. Among these categories, the most significant ones are the thermal comfort, which is related to temperature and humidity, followed by the visual comfort, related to colors and light, and hygienic comfort, associated with air quality.We are proposing a system to monitoring the paremeters range which will increase the comfortness of the human.Additionally,we incorporate the smart home technique which controls the home appliances by intelligent automatic execution of commands after analyzing the collected data. Automation can be accomplished by using the Internet of Things (IoT). This gives the inhabitant accesses to certain data in the house and the ability to control some parameters remotely. We propose the complete design of an IoT based sensing and monitoring system for smart home automation. That uses the EmonCMS platform for collecting and Visualizing monitored data and remote controlling of home appliances and devices. The selected platform is very flexible and user-friendly. The sensing of different variables inside the house is conducted using the NodeMCU-ESP8266 microcontroller board, which allows real-time data sensing, processing and uploading/downloading to/from the EmonCMS cloud server.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynaecology related cancer death worldwide. It is often diagnosed with an advanced stage. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death controlled by cell cycle machinery and several signaling pathways. Plant-derived compounds have received an increased interest in the treatment of cancer. Quercetin is a flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables which possess anticancer properties. Several studies have been demonstrated that quercetin induces apoptosis in various cancers. However, the apoptotic role of quercetin in metastatic ovarian cancer has not been extensively studied. In the present study, we investigated the apoptotic effect of quercetin on human metastatic ovarian cancer PA-1 cell line. Quercetin treatment (0–200 μM) for 24h decreases PA-1 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. The effective dose was identified as 50 and 75 μM based on MTT assay. Quercetin induces apoptosis in metastatic ovarian cancer cells which were confirmed by AO/EtBr dual staining, DAPI staining and DNA fragmentation assay. Molecules involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway were altered by quercetin. Interestingly, antiapoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL were decreased while proapoptotic molecules such as caspase-3, caspase-9, Bid, Bad, Bax and cytochrome c were increased in the quercetin-treated PA-1 cells. Our results indicate that quercetin induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway and thus it inhibits the growth of metastatic ovarian cancer cells.