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El artículo ofrece datos sobre el pastoreo extensivo y sobre los sistemas de cultivo y las formas de vida hasta los años 70 en Torreandaluz, un pueblo del suroeste soriano. Se fundamenta en una etnografía llevada a cabo entre mediados de 2015 y la actualidad. Está basada en la observación participante, la historia de vida de un pastor de Torreandaluz y entrevistas informales a agricultores y pastores jubilados del lugar. Pretende ofrecer una visión sobre el impacto que sobre las formas de agricultura y ganadería ovina extensiva, así como sobre las formas de vida, tuvo la llegada de las técnicas de la llamada Revolución Verde. The article offers data on extensive shepherding, cultivation systems and lifestyles up to the 1970s, in Torreandaluz, a village in the southwest of Soria province. It is based on an ethnography carried out from the middle of 2015 until today. The participant observation, the life story of a shepherd of Torreandaluz and informal interviews with farmers and retired shepherds of the place made up this study. It intends to offer a vision about the impact that the arrival of the techniques of the so-called Green Revolution had on agriculture and extensive sheep farming, as well as on forms of life.

En 2015, l’étude de matériel osseux inédit issu d’un sondage effectué dans l’abri inférieur du Moustier avait permis de remettre en cause la représentativité des collections anciennes, et de souligner une variabilité diachronique importante dans les proies chassées par les néandertaliens en Dordogne au Moustérien récent. Ces résultats ne reposaient cependant que sur un sondage d’extension limitée, et restaient en attente de confirmation. Dans cette étude, nous rapportons l’analyse de deux nouveaux échantillons pour les couches G et H du Moustier issus d’anciennes rectifications de coupes (collection Laville & Rigaud) et de nouvelles fouilles sur le gisement (collection Gravina & Discamps). Ces données viennent compléter celles acquises en 2015 sur le sondage Geneste & Chadelle : elles confirment les biais inhérents aux collections anciennes et la variabilité importante des proies chassées au Moustier le long de la stratigraphie. L’étude combinée de ces différentes collections permet de plus d’obtenir des données archéozoologiques plus précises sur les stratégies d’acquisition et d’exploitation des carcasses de Cerf (profil de mortalité, profil squelettique et report des stries de boucherie) par les moustériens auteurs d’industries de débitage Discoïde. In 2015, the analysis of unpublished faunal material from a test pit in the lower shelter of Le Moustier called into question previous studies and highlighted an important diachronic variability in species targeted by Neanderthals in the Dordogne during the late Mousterian. However, these results were based on a small sample and required further testing. Here we present an analysis of two new faunal collections from layers G and H of Le Moustier recovered following a brief cleaning operation in the late 1960 s (Laville & Rigaud) and new fieldwork at the site begun in 2014 (Gravina & Discamps). These data supplement previous observations based on faunal material recovered by Geneste & Chadelle : a substantial recovery bias in old collections is once again evident, as is significant variability in hunted prey throughout the Le Moustier sequence. Hunting tactics and exploitation patterns of red deer carcasses by Neanderthals during MIS 3 are also addressed by a zooarcheological analysis of all three recently excavated collections (mortality profile, skeletal-part profile and cut-mark data).

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he dominance of red deer in Magdalenian records in Cantabrian Spain is a well-studied issue. Given the great accumulations of this species in those deposits, researchers have offered diverse interpretations of the phenomenon, related to ecology, orography or ethology. However, fewer papers carry out comparative intra-site analysis, which is able to document the existence of changes or continuities in the subsistence strategies at an archaeological site. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the archaeozoological analysis of Levels F and G in El Cierro cave (Asturias, Spain), both of them dated during Greenland Stadial 2, in the Lower Magdalenian (15,460 ± 75 and 15,580 ± 75 BP, respectively). Similar percentages of mammals have been documented in the two levels, as well as the same meat and fat consumption and processing strategies. Thus, this paper intends to determine how much energy red deer supplied to the diet of the humans that inhabited El Cierro, in comparison with other hunted and consumed fauna during the Lower Magdalenian. This study highlights the continuity of exploitation patterns of faunal resources in El Cierro cave during the Lower Magdalenian. This continuity is specifically seen in red deer, since the geographic characteristics of the Sella Valley, the abundance of the biotype, and the economic profitability of this species made it the main resource of animal origin for the hunter-gatherers at that site. This research was undertaken in the context of the Spanish projects HAR2014-51830-P funded by the Programa Nacional de Humanidades in the R&D Plan of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and HAR2017-82557-P, funded by the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia, of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, and PhD scholarship Junta de Castilla y León and Fondo Social Europeo (R. Portero).

International audience; Neanderthal mobility pattern has become a major topic in recent research in Paleoanthropology. In particular, the temporal organization of activities in the Neanderthal's territory has been largely used to discuss their management of food resources and scheduling abilities and indirectly to approach their cognitive capacities. The late Middle Paleolithic in Southwestern Europe is characterized by major climatic fluctuations that had direct impacts on Neanderthal ecosystems. Sedentary and migratory ungulate populations alternated in the environment. Neanderthal hunter-gatherers, were forced to adapt their mobility to the migration pattern of their prey, conducting to a reorganization of the activities within their territories in function of the seasonal cycle. In this context, seasonality is a key topic for reconstructing and understanding the settlement patterns developed by these human communities. We proposed here to tackle this specific topic through a cementochronological analysis of sites from Southwestern France, attributed to the late Middle Paleolithic. Ungulate teeth from sites attributed to the MIS 4 and 3 with available zooarchaeological data were selected. The sampling was based on the MNI and postmortem modifications were systematically looked for. The results were then compared to comparative collections prior being interpreted in term of season of death. Our study shows that different Neanderthal populations developed specialized strategies to cope with the seasonal fluctuation of their prey. Innovative hunting strategies were established as a response to the ethological specificity of their games. The development of seasonal hunting specific locations had for consequence the reorganization of human settlement dynamics and the adoption of different mobility patterns.

La incorporació de petites preses a la dieta humana és un tema d’extens debat. Múltiples autors han intentat buscar una explicació sobre quan s’inicia la seva explotació sistemàtica i quines van ser les causes que incentivaren el seu consum regular, especialment a partir del Plistocè superior final. La present tesi doctoral pretén abordar aquestes qüestions a través de l’estudi diacrònic de cinc conjunts arqueològics amb presència de petites preses (lepòrids i aus): Payre, Abri des Pêcheurs, Grotte des Barasses II, la Cova de les Teixoneres i el Molí del Salt. Utilitzant mètodes d’anàlisi basats en la Zooarqueologia i la Tafonomia, les restes de petites preses recuperades han estat avaluades per poder evidenciar el grau d’intervenció humana i d’altres predadors en aquests emplaçaments i observar, així, possibles patrons en l’explotació d’aquests petits animals. Les dades obtingudes mostren que les condicions paleoecològiques i paleoambientals dels llocs estudiats jugaren un paper molt important en la representació de determinats taxons, i que els canvis ecològics succeïts al llarg del Plistocè superior podrien haver afectat les comunitats faunístiques, afavorint l’explotació de taxons que fins al moment eren menys utilitzats en la dieta regular, com les petites preses. No obstant, aquestes circumstàncies no són exclusives entre si, ja que altres factors com la temporalitat o estacionalitat de les ocupacions, la seva funcionalitat i objectius, les condicions locals de cada lloc, així com altres factors socio-culturals podrien també haver afectat a l’espectre dietètic amb independència de la seva cronologia., La incorporación de las pequeñas presas en la dieta humana es un tema de extenso debate. Múltiples autores han intentado buscar una explicación sobre cuándo se inició su explotación sistemática y cuáles fueron las causas que incentivaron su consumo regular, especialmente a partir del Pleistoceno superior final. La presente tesis doctoral pretende abordar estas cuestiones a través del estudio diacrónico de cinco conjuntos arqueológicos con presencia de pequeños animales (lepóridos y aves): Payre, Abri des Pêcheurs, Grotte des Barasses II, Cova de les Teixoneres y Molí del Salt. Utilizando métodos de análisis basados en la Zooarqueología y la Tafonomía, los restos de pequeñas presas recuperados han sido evaluados para poder evidenciar el grado de intervención humana y de otros predadores en estos emplazamientos y observar, así, posibles patrones en la explotación de estos pequeños animales. Los datos obtenidos muestran que las condiciones paleoecológicas y paleoambientales de cada lugar jugaron un papel importante en la representación de determinados taxones, y que los cambios ecológicos sucedidos a lo largo del Pleistoceno superior pudieron afectar a las comunidades faunísticas, favoreciendo la explotación de otros taxones que hasta el momento eran poco utilizados en la dieta regular, como las pequeñas presas. No obstante, estas circunstancias no son exclusivas entre sí, ya que otros factores como la temporalidad o estacionalidad de las ocupaciones, su funcionalidad y objetivos, las condiciones locales de cada sitio, así como otros factores socio-culturales podrían también afectar al espectro dietario con independencia de su cronología., The incorporation of small prey in human diets has been a wide topic of discussion. Multiple authors have attempted to identify when the systematic consumption of small prey began and to explain its regular intake, especially in the Late Upper Pleistocene. The present PhD thesis tackles these issues through the diachronic study of five archaeological assemblages containing small prey (leporids and birds): Payre, Abri des Pêcheurs, Grotte des Barasses II, Teixoneres Cave, and Molí del Salt. Using methods based on zooarchaeology and taphonomy, small prey remains were evaluated to demonstrate the involvement of human and non-human predators in these places and thereby to identify the possible exploitation patterns of small prey. The results show that ecology plays an important role in the representation of certain taxa and that the environmental changes during the Upper Pleistocene may have altered faunal populations, promoting the exploitation of other taxa that had previously been less significant to the human diet, such as small prey. However, these circumstances are not exclusive, because factors such as temporality or seasonality of occupation, functionality or objectives, local conditions, and other socio-cultural factors may have also affected the dietary spectrum independent of chronology.

International audience; This article reports results of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/ 14N) stable isotope analysis performed on the bone collagen of a Late Epigravettian human individual and 11 faunal remains from the Upper Palaeolithic deposits of Riparo Tagliente (Verona, Italy). Riparo Tagliente is located in Valpantena on the pre-alpine massif of Monti Lessini, at 250 m a.s.l. Its strategic position, about halfway from the plain and the top of the limestone plateau, has allowed the groups that occupied the site to exploit different ecosystems. The human skeleton comes from an incomplete burial excavated in 1973 and belongs to a young adult male. It is dated between 16,634 and 15,286 cal BP (OxA-10672). The δ13C (−18.4‰) and δ15N (13.0‰) values of the human individual are enriched compared to those of herbivores on average by +1.2‰ in 13C and +10.0‰ in 15N, and to the omnivores on average by +1.4‰ in 13C and +7.2‰ in 15N. Isotopic values would indicate an origin of proteins from terrestrial herbi-vores and high trophic level species. These data match with the results of taphonomic analyses carried out on the bone remains of herbivores, while the study of other species as fish is still in progress.

The exploitation of lithic resources was an important aspect of prehistoric resource exploitation strategies and adaptation. Research has mostly focused on technological and spatial aspects of lithic factory sites, often overlooking how these sites were integrated within local socioecological dynamics in terms of food acquisition and consumption. The aim of this paper is to study plant consumption at Datrana, a 5000-year-old lithic blade workshop in North Gujarat, India, in order to understand its occupants’ subsistence strategies. The results of archaeobotanical, mineralogical and soil pH analyses show that the occupants of this factory site were consuming local crops but not processing them, suggesting that either (a) food was being processed in other areas of the site or (b) it was acquired in a ‘ready-to-consume’ state from local food-producing communities. This study highlights the integration of a lithic factory site within its surrounding cultural and natural landscape, offering an example of how the inhabitants of a workshop interacted with local communities to acquire food resources.

Cooking and Dining in Times of War and Peace: Changing Contexts and Modes of Food Production, Preparation and Consumption in Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina Mgr. Markéta Slavková Abstract (English) This project opens up the topic of armed conflict and subsequent post-conflict development in the Former Yugoslavia from a non-traditional perspective - that of the anthropology of food. At the centre of attention there stand the ways in which the production, preparation and consumption of food were and are carried out in Srebrenica, BiH in the context of the dramatic changes that the region has undergone over the last few decades. Food is the precondition of reproduction, a primary form of interaction with the world, a mediator of socialization, a sign of identity and social cohesion but also a tool of power. In this sense, Farquhar notes that the "mantra" 'You are what you eat,' continues to be thematized by social sciences (Farquhar, 2006: 146). On the other hand, the question of the relationship between social actors and their "daily bread" in conditions of starvation and overall material scarcity in wartime has not been satisfyingly answered. This project, based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, addresses these issues more closely, affording greater insight into them.

With its long archaeological sequence, Kebara cave (Mt Carmel) gives a good opportunity to test shifts in human land-use patterns during the 12,000 years covering the Late Middle Palaeolithic in this site. The interdisciplinary research program organized by O. Bar-Yosef and B. Vandermeersch during their excavations (1982-1990) allowed to recognize changes in subsistence behaviours, lithic technological organization and site function in the territory of the Mousterian hunter-gatherers. Located in the Mediterranean woodland ecozone where food and water resources seem to have been available almost all year round, the cave was repeatedly occupied over the course of thousands of years by human groups sharing the same lithic tradition (unidirectional Levallois system). But the fauna and lithic data show that Kebara cave’s functional position within the settlement system changed during this period, from ephemeral occupations in the lower units (XIII-XII) followed by an extensive period during which Kebara was used for repetitive intensive occupations (very likely a residential base camp: units XI-VIII). At the end of the period (units VII-V), activities in the cave were more sporadic, and oriented towards more specific tasks (butchering and processing the carcasses before meat, fat and marrow were transported elsewhere). The reasons for such changes are discussed, an increase in regional population being considered as a plausible working hypothesis., La longue séquence moustérienne de la grotte de Kébara (Mt Carmel, Israël) permet de s’interroger sur la place que ce site a pu jouer dans l’organisation des territoires sur une période de 12 000 ans environ à la fin du Paléolithique moyen. Les études interdisciplinaires réalisées dans ce site à la suite des fouilles dirigées par O. Bar-Yosef et B. Vandermeersch entre 1982 et 1990 mettent en évidence des changements dans les comportements de subsistance, dans l’organisation techno-économique de la production lithique et dans le statut de ce site au sein des territoires des chasseurs-cueilleurs moustériens. Située dans la zone méditerranéenne où les ressources ont été, semble-t-il, disponibles sur une large partie de l’année, la grotte a été le siège de retours fréquents de groupes de mêmes traditions techniques (Levallois unipolaire), sur l’ensemble de la période considérée, même si les activités menées diffèrent selon les niveaux : occupations très sporadiques au début de la séquence (unités XIII-XII), camp de base sur une large partie de la période considérée (unités XI à VIII), puis finalement lieu d’occupations de plus courte durée pour des activités plus spécialisées – boucherie primaire avant transport vers d’autres sites – (unités VII-V). Les causes possibles de ces changements sont discutées, en relation probable avec une augmentation de la population, au moins localement, au cours du Paléolithique moyen récent., Meignen Liliane, Speth John D., Bar-Yosef Ofer. Stratégies de subsistance et fonction de site au Paléolithique moyen récent : apports de la séquence de Kébara (Mt Carmel, Israël). In: Paléorient, 2017, vol. 43, n°1. pp. 9-47.

This paper highlights regional and temporal variation in the presence and exploitation of faunal resources from different regions of Argentina during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Specifically, the faunal analysis considered here includes the zooarchaeological remains from all sites older than 7500 14C years BP. We include quantitative information for each reported species (genus, family, or order) and we use the number of identified specimens (NISP per taxon and the NISPtotal by sites) as the quantitative measure of taxonomic abundance. The taxonomic richness (Ntaxatotal and Ntaxaexploited) and the taxonomic heterogeneity or Shannon-Wiener index are estimated in order to consider dietary generalization or specialization, and ternary diagrams are used to categorize subsistence patterns of particular sites and regions. The archaeological database is composed of 78 sites which are represented by 110 stratigraphic contexts. Our results demonstrate that although some quantitative differences between regions are observed, artiodactyls (camelids and deer) were the most frequently consumed animal resource in Argentina. Early hunter-gatherers did not follow a specialized predation strategy in megamammals. A variety in subsistence systems, operating in parallel with a strong regional emphasis is shown, according to specific environmental conditions and cultural trajectories. Fil: Martinez, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Gutierrez, Maria Amelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Messineo, Pablo Geronimo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Kaufmann, Cristian Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina Fil: Rafuse, Daniel Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina

Recent excavations conducted in the three chambers of Grotte du Figuier (Ardèche) attest to a common deposit within the whole karstic system and allow us to specify the types of human occupation. Middle Palaeolithic occupations took place in chambers 3 and 2, as well as in the main chamber, 1. Humans could reach these chambers either through the main chamber (1) or through another entrance located in chamber 3, now present as a narrow crack. The site is well known for the two Middle Palaeolithic levels found in chamber 1, one of which has been attributed to the Quinatype Mousterian. The recent data and comparisons between the archaeological series of the three chambers attest that the cave was inhabited by human groups using common processing systems, although no Quina tools have been found. Different activities or occupations have to be envisaged in each chamber. Humans and carnivores inhabited the chambers furthest away from the main entrance, during a cold climatic context (probably the last glacial period). Upper Palaeolithic humans also occupied the karstic system, but not in the same way as during the Middle Palaeolithic. The Gravettian facies is the only one clearly observable through the lithic materiel found in the new test pits of chambers 2 and 3. Grotte du Figuier is a major site, not only by its sequence including Middle and Upper Palaeolithic levels, but also by the Neanderthal occupations attested inside the karstic system, in small chambers far from the main entrance., Les travaux récents effectués dans les trois salles de la grotte du Figuier (Ardèche) ont permis de préciser le remplissage, commun à l’ensemble du réseau, et les types d’occupation. L’occupation humaine des salles profondes (2 et 3) au Paléolithique moyen se confirme. Les hommes ont pu accéder aux salles profondes à partir de la grande salle principale (salle 1) ou à partir d’une autre entrée située dans la salle 3 actuellement sous la forme d’une étroite diaclase. Le site est connu pour avoir livré dans la salle 1 deux niveaux du Paléolithique moyen, dont un a été attribué au Moustérien de type Quina. À cette période, les travaux récents montrent que la cavité a été occupée par des groupes pratiquant les mêmes modes opératoires, bien que les outils avec une retouche Quina soient absents. Des activités de nature différente selon les salles sont envisagées. Hommes et carnivores ont fréquenté les salles profondes dans un contexte climatique froid (probablement le Dernier Glaciaire). Les hommes du Paléolithique supérieur ont également fréquenté le réseau de la grotte mais de manière différente. Le Gravettien est le seul faciès clairement identifié parmi le matériel découvert dans les sondages des salles 2 et 3. Le Figuier reste un site majeur, non seulement par sa séquence qui regroupe des niveaux du Paléolithique supérieur et moyen, mais également par le type d’occupation néandertalienne installée en réseau karstique profond., Bourges François, Roger Thierry, Desclaux Emmanuel, Vercoutère Carole, Gély Bernard, Crégut-Bonnoure Evelyne, Theodoropoulou Angeliki, Millet Jean-jacques, Lartigot-Campin Anne-Sophie, Daujeard Camille, Puaud Simon, Moncel Marie-Hélène. La grotte du Figuier (Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche) : bilan des travaux récents sur un site du Paléolithique moyen et supérieur de la moyenne vallée du Rhône (Sud-Est de la France). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 109, n°1, 2012. pp. 35-67.

The origins of agriculture and the shift from hunting and gathering to committed agriculture is regarded as one of the major transitions in human history. Archeologists and anthropologists have invested significant efforts in explaining the origins of agriculture. A period of gathering intensification and experimentation and pursuing a mixed economic strategy seems the most plausible explanation for the transition to agriculture and provides an approach to study a process in which several nonlinear processes may have played a role. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition to full agriculture are not completely clear. This is partly due to the nature of the archeological record, which registers a practice only once it has become clearly established. Thus, points of transitions have limited visibility and the mechanisms involved in the process are difficult to untangle. The complexity of such transitions also implies that shifts can be distinctively different in particular environments and under varying historical and social conditions. In this paper we discuss some of the elements involved in the transition to food production within the framework of resilience theory. We propose a theoretical conceptual model in which the resilience of livelihood strategies lies at the intersection of three spheres: the environmental, economical, and social domains. Transitions occur when the rate of change, in one or more of these domains, is so elevated or its magnitude so large that the livelihood system is unable to bounce back to its original state. In this situation, the system moves to an alternative stable state, from one livelihood strategy to another., This paper is the result of a two-day workshop funded by ICREA (Catalan Higher Research Institution) and organized at the ICTA (Institute for Environmental Studies) of the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the Department of Humanities of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra. The workshop was cofounded by the SimulPast project (former Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, CSD2010-00034). CL, DZ, MM, and JJGG are part of CaSEs (Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Research Group), a Grup de Recerca Emergent of the Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR-e 1417). CL is currently a UPFellow; JJGG was supported by a JAE PreDOC PhD scholarship (Spanish National Research Council and European Social Fund) and the SimulPast project.

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The Late Magdalenian coincides with the end of the Heinrich 1 (Oldest Dryas) event and the Bölling interstadial. This period was marked by the recomposition of biotopes and the reopening of territories to human groups. The culture began to expand throughout Europe and territorial mobility models have been proposed for several regions (Paris Basin, Swiss Plateau, Rhineland). These models are based on the seasonal alternation of specialized hunting of reindeer and horse or the hunting of these ungulates in equal proportions. In the south of France, hunting was more diversified and included greater proportions of forest and mountain ungulates and small game. Specialized hunting was rare. Abri Faustin, situated in north of the Aquitaine Basin, is one of the few sites in the south west of France dating to the Late Magdalenian with a faunal spectrum dominated principally by horse. Despite this particularity, the site has never been subject to a detailed archaeozoological study. New datings recently performed as part of the Magdatis project have confirmed an occupation contemporary with the Bölling interstadial. We here propose a detailed study of the hunting strategies, transport, and butchery practices carried out on horses at this site. The methods that were used are conventional in zooarchaeology : age determination, quantification of skeletal elements and observation and quantification of natural and anthropogenic marks. The bone assemblage contains 1453 bone and dental remains. A taphonomic study has revealed the excellent preservation of these remains, allowing a high-resolution archaeozoological study to be performed. Moreover, the bone refits shows that the dispersal of the remains is limited. Horse is the dominant species in terms of the number of remains (NISP = 853), number of specimens (MNI = 20) and quantity of resources. Its exploitation does not appear to represent a specialization in terms of the activities carried out on the site in view of the food and utilitarian exploitation of small game (Le Bail, 2005 ; Mallye, 2007 ; Val, 2009) and the presence of domestic lithic and bone tools. The Magdalenians favoured family groups, which were more predictable, rather than singles groups. Seasonality indices show that hunting episodes took place throughout the year. Hunting of singles groups did occur but was more opportunistic than that of family groups. Hunting strategy can be presumed but not clearly demonstrated. We presume that the Magdalenian took advantage of the topography of Entre-deux-Mers to approach the groups of horses. High disparities in skeletal representation cannot be explained by differential preservation and food utility indices (FUI and MUI) are not correlated with the survival percentage. We assume that whole horse carcasses were transported from the kill site to the base camp. The presence of foetal remains supports this hypothesis. This leads us to conclude that the kill site must have been located in the immediate vicinity of the shelter. The reconstruction of the butchery processes implies that horses were exploited both for their food resources (meat, marrow, and fat), and for utilitarian and symbolic purposes. We propose the use of a bone boiling method for the extraction of marrow from spongy shafts and of fat from long bone ends. The results of our study reveal many common elements with sites dominated by Horse, contemporary with the occupation of Abri Faustin, in the Rhineland, on the Swiss Plateau, and in the Paris Basin (Bignon, 2003 ; Street et al. 2006 ; Müller, 2014) : seasons and hunting strategies, proximity of the kill and processing sites, exploitation for food and utilitarian and symbolic purposes. Carcass exploitation was always optimal, with extraction of fat and marrow from mandible and long bones. Even if the use of horse bones for utilitarian and symbolic purposes was never systematic in the Late Magdalenian, we see it sporadically on some sites. All these observations suggest a certain uniformity in the exploitation of this ungulate across Europe during the Late Magdalenian., Le Magdalénien supérieur se développe durant la fin de l’épisode d’Heinrich 1 (Dryas ancien) et l’interstade du Bölling. Cette période est marquée par une recomposition des biotopes et la réouverture de territoires pour les groupes humains. Cette culture connaît dorénavant une extension à l’échelle de l’Europe et plusieurs modèles de mobilités territoriales sont proposés dans différentes régions (Bassin parisien, plateau Suisse, Rhénanie). Ces modèles sont basés sur l’alternance saisonnière de chasses spécialisées sur le renne et le cheval ou de chasses de ces ongulés en proportion égale. Dans le Sud de la France, les spectres de chasse se diversifient au profit d’ongulés forestiers ou montagnards mais également de petits gibiers. Les chasses spécialisées y sont exceptionnelles. L’abri Faustin, situé dans le Nord du Bassin aquitain, est un des rares gisements du Sud-Ouest de la France appartenant au Magdalénien supérieur ayant livré un spectre faunique majoritairement dominé par le cheval. Malgré cette singularité, ce gisement n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude archéozoologique détaillée. De nouvelles datations récemment effectuées dans le cadre du projet «Magdatis » ont permis de confirmer une occupation contemporaine de l’interstade du Bölling. Nous proposons ici une étude détaillée des stratégies de prédation, de transport ainsi que des pratiques bouchères employées sur le cheval au cours du Magdalénien supérieur. L’étude taphonomique a mis en évidence une excellente préservation des restes osseux et dentaires permettant la mise en oeuvre d’une étude archéozoologique à haute résolution. Par ailleurs, les remontages montrent une dispersion limitée des vestiges. Le cheval est l’espèce dominante en termes de nombre de restes et de quantité de ressources, même si son exploitation ne marque pas une spécialisation dans les activités pratiquées sur le site. Les Magdaléniens ont privilégié les groupes familiaux, plus prévisibles, aux groupes de célibataires. Les indices de saisonnalité révèlent que les épisodes de chasse se sont répartis tout au long de l’année. La présence de toutes les portions squelettiques sur le gisement et de restes de foetus va dans le sens d’un transport de carcasses entières. Cela nous amène à conclure que le site d’abattage devait se trouver dans les environs immédiats de l’abri. La reconstruction de la chaîne opératoire de boucherie montre que le cheval a été exploité pour ses ressources alimentaires (viandes, moelles et graisses) mais également utilitaires. Les résultats de notre étude révèlent de nombreux points de convergence avec les gisements dominés par le cheval et contemporains de l’occupation de l’abri Faustin en Rhénanie, sur le plateau Suisse et dans le Bassin parisien (Bignon, 2003 ; Street et al., 2006 ; Müller, 2014) : saison et tactique de chasse, proximité du lieu d’abattage et du lieu de traitement des carcasses, exploitation à des fins alimentaires et utilitaires. Ces observations vont dans le sens d’une certaine homogénéité dans le mode d’exploitation de cet ongulé à l’échelle de l’Europe pour le Magdalénien supérieur., Feyfant Léa, Cochard David, Mallye Jean-baptiste. Exploitation du cheval au Magdalénien supérieur dans le Sud-Ouest de la France : le cas de l’abri Faustin (Cessac, Gironde). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 112, n°4, 2015. pp. 693-716.

International audience; Mortality profiles have figured prominently among tools used by zooarchaeologists to investigate relationships between hominids and prey species. Their analysis and interpretation have been considerably influenced by M.C. Stiner's approach based on ternary diagrams. Part of this method included the demarcation of "zones" in ternary diagrams identifying specific mortality patterns (e.g. attritional, catastrophic, prime-dominated, etc.). Since its introduction some twenty-five years ago, this zoning has, however, received little critical attention. Mathematical modelling as well as a reassessment of the ecological data used to define these zones reveal several problems that may bias interpretations of mortality profiles on ternary diagrams.Here we propose new, mathematically supported definitions for the zoning of ternary diagrams combined with species-specific age class boundaries based on ethological and ontological data for seven of the most common hominid prey (bison, red deer, reindeer, horse, zebras, African buffalo and common eland). We advocate for the use of new areas (JPO, JOP, O and P zones) that produce more valid interpretations of the relative abundance of juveniles, prime and old adults in an assemblage. These results contribute to the improvement of the commonly used method of mortality profile analysis first advanced by M.C. Stiner. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

RESUMEN: Tradicionalmente, las actividades relacionadas con la explotación de recursos marinos han sido consideradas como secundarias dentro de las estrategias de subsistencia de las poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores-pescadores de la región. En los últimos diez años se han desarrollado varios proyectos de investigación coordinados desde el Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC) cuyos objetivos generales son la reconstrucción de las condiciones climáticas y medioambientales del pasado, el establecimiento de los patrones de ocupación de la costa, y el papel de los recursos costeros en las estrategias económicas y sociales de las poblaciones humanas del Paleolítico superior y el Mesolítico. En este artículo se realiza un repaso a los resultados obtenidos en dichos proyectos a partir del estudio de los moluscos, equinodermos y crustáceos. Los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha reflejan una continuada y variada utilización de estos recursos a lo largo de todo el periodo, y sugieren que su importancia fue mayor de lo que se pensaba. ABSTRACT: Traditionally, activities related to the exploitation of marine resources have been considered secondary within the subsistence strategies of populations of hunter-gatherer-fishers in the region. In the last ten years we have developed several research projects coordinated by the International Institute of Prehistoric Research of Cantabria (IIIPC), aiming to reconstruct past climatic and environmental conditions, establish coastal settlement patterns and to assess the role of coastal resources in economic and social strategies of Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic human populations. This article reviews the results of these projects through the study of molluscs, echinoderms and crustaceans. The results to date reflect a continued and varied use of marine resources throughout the entire period, and suggest that their importance was greater than previously thought. Las investigaciones descritas en este artículo se han desarrollado en el marco de los proyectos HUM 2006-13729, HAR2010-22115-C02-01 y HAR2013- 46802-P financiados por el Gobierno de España, el proyecto NF100413 financiado por la British Academy y la Royal Society a través del programa Newton International Fellowships, y el proyecto UFG54/Proyecto1470 financiado por la Fundación Marcelino Botín. IGZ y DCS disfrutan de sendos contratos del programa Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2012-12094 e IJCI-2014- 20590, respectivamente) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). AGE disfruta de un contrato predoctoral de la Universidad de Cantabria y RSR cuenta con el apoyo de una ayuda para contratos predoctorales para la formación de doctores (BES-2014-070075) financiada por el MINECO.

L’Antilope saïga a connu deux phases de migration : l’une durant le stade isotopique 6, l’autre durant le stade isotopique 2. Cette seconde vague de migration beaucoup mieux documentée que la première a eu un fort impact en Aquitaine. En effet, c’est la seule zone où l’Antilope saïga a joué un rôle non négligeable dans l’alimentation des Magdaléniens. Afin d’évaluer l’influence de cette espèce sur les stratégies de chasse et les modalités d’exploitation des territoires, un chapitre est consacré à l’écologie et à l’éthologie de cet animal. Une méthode d’estimation d’âge des antilopes saïga à partir des restes dentaires est ensuite présentée ainsi qu’une étude sur les os post-crâniens permettant une discrimination des mâles et des femelles.L’étude montre que l’exploitation de l’Antilope saïga en Aquitaine est restreinte dans le temps (dernier Pléniglaciaire et Dryas ancien) et dans l’espace (Gironde). En Gironde, l’analyse archéozoologique détaillée de Saint-Germain-la-Rivière et de Moulin-Neuf montre que les antilopes saïga étaient présentes dans cette zone saisonnièrement. Les hommes pratiquaient alors une chasse opportuniste à petite échelle sur les hardes mixtes présentes dans l’environnement. Le reste de l’année, ils continuaient à occuper la région en exploitant d’autres espèces (Cheval, Renne, Bovinés). For the Saiga antelope, two major phases of migration have been recognized : the first one during oxygen isotope 6, the other one during oxygen isotope 2. This second wave is better documented in Aquitaine than the first one. Indeed, it is the only region where the Saiga antelope plays a large role in Magdalenian subsistence. To evaluate the influence of the Saiga antelope on hunting strategies and the mobility of Magdalenian people, the first chapter is dedicated to the ecology of the Saiga antelope. Then, a technique for the determination of Saiga antelope mandibular teeth is presented, as well as a study of post-cranial bones to discriminate between males and females.The studies show that the Saiga antelope’s exploitation in Aquitaine was restricted in time and in space. In Gironde, the zooarchaeological analyses of Saint-Germain-la-Rivière and Moulin-Neuf suggest that the Saiga antilope was present in this region only seasonally. Then, a Saiga hunting in small scale occurred at random within the mixed herd. During the rest of the year, human groups continued to occupy the region by exploiting other taxa (horse, reindeer, large bovids). It appears that the Gironde environment supplied hunter-gatherers with resources year-long.

As etapas finais do Neolitico antigo e a passagem para o Neolitico medio constituem-se como problematicas em aberto no inquerito relativo ao processo de neolitizacao no actual territorio portugues. Parece seguro que esta fase de transicao ocorre a partir da segunda metade do 5o milenio cal BC, finalizando com a construcao dos primeiros monumentos megaliticos de cariz funerario, em pleno 4o milenio. No entanto, a dificuldade em caracterizar cronologica e culturalmente este momento faz com que, no essencial, esta etapa seja definida a partir de generalidades nao demonstradas.Ate a data, o debate centrou-se na analise dos processos historicos ocorridos entre a segunda metade do 6o e a primeira metade do 5o milenio cal BC, e na transicao do 4o para o 3o milenio cal BC, permanecendo o Neolitico medio uma etapa vazia entre estes dois momentos bem definidos, o Neolitico antigo e o Neolitico final.Caracterizar e apresentar uma primeira reflexao acerca dos grupos do Neolitico medio, no Sul de Portugal, atraves da escassa evidencia empirica hoje disponivel, ao nivel dos territorios ocupados, das estrategias de exploracao dos espacos, dos padroes de implantacao dos lugares de habitat, dos ritmos de mobilidade e das praticas economicas e o objectivo deste texto. Palavras-chave: Neolitico antigo e Neolitico medio, Sul de Portugal, 5o e 4o milenios cal BC, Modelos de povoamento, Cultura material On the action places: settlement and resources exploitation at the end of the 5th and the first half of the 4th millennium BC, in southern Portugal. The final phases of the Early Neolithic and the transition towards the Middle Neolithic are still poorly understood and often lack a systematic definition. In terms of chronology, it seems certain that the Middle Neolithic transition starts during the second half of the 5th millennium, and ends by the time of the construction of the first megalithic monuments in the 4th millennium cal BC. However, the difficulty to frame this period both in terms of chronological and cultural aspects reflects the lack of solid information that we still faced when it comes to the characterization of Middle Neolithic sites.Up to now, the scientific debate has mainly focused on the analysis of neolithisation processes occurring between the second half of the 6th and the first half of the 5th millennium BC. As a consequence, the Middle Neolithic remains as an empty phase between two well-defined moments, the Early Neolithic, and the Late Neolithic.Through the available empirical evidence, this paper aims to present a first reflection on elements which are in large still difficult to define, such as settlement patterns and resource exploitations developed by Middle Neolithic groups in southern Portugal.The methodology used in the 3D modeling, produced satisfactory results, providing an effective tool in the problem of paleoenvironmental reconstruction in areas with scarce geologic information. Keywords: Early Neolithic and Middle Neolithic, Second half of the 5th and first half of the 4th millennium BC, Settlement patterns, Subsistence strategies, Material culture

International audience; External auditory exostosis (EAE) appears to be a faithful marker of water-related activities. The frequency of this condition has been calculated for 449 European Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals from several geographic regions. The condition is more frequent in females but not significantly so. Neolithic skeletons display significantly less EAE than Mesolithic ones. The very high frequency of EAE in Late Mesolithic samples is consistent with fishing subsistence activities, and the significant decrease in frequency in Neolithic populations provides further evidence (along with isotopic and other archaeological evidence) for a rapid abandonment of marine/freshwater resources after the transition.

During the last two decades the framework of the Bronze age settlements discovered in the Veneto region has greatly increased through preventive archaeological excavations. These sites played an important role in order to obtain new evidences and information due to the rich amount of archaeological material like the faunal remains. This research is focused on the archaeozoological study of eight new Bronze Age sites, located between the Verona middle plain and the Polesine area, with the aim to acquire new palaeoenvironmental and economic data. In addition, the presence of abundant animal hard tissues artifacts has led to identify the chaîne operatoire of the bone, antler and ivory tools using an experimental approach. At the same time, the use wear analysis of a selection of objects has been carried out through an experimental work. This thesis consist of two main parts: the first one concerns the archaeozoological aspects with the quantitative analyses of faunal assemblages aimed at obtaining new data by a chronological and territorial point of view. The second part examines the animal hard tissues artifacts, analyzing the chaîne operatoire of the remains coming from the whole fauna assemblages and integrating these data with other collections of artefacts found in in the same territory. The analyses are focused on recognizing the raw materials’ choice, the typological identification and use wear analysis of the objects.

Alpine villages are extremely rare in the Great Basin. To date, villages located at elevations above 10,000 ft. are only known to occur in the White Mountains and the Toquima Range. Demographic forcing has been used to explain the existence of these villages, but this proposition does not identify the selective pressures that led to the establishment of high-elevation villages in some ranges but not others. Comparison of artifact distributions and environmental structure in the Toquima Range, where a village exists, and the Toiyabe Range, where one does not, is consistent with the hypothesis that alpine villages were subsidized by intensive exploitation of mid-elevation pinyon groves associated with low-cost travel corridors, which facilitated transport of pine nuts to upland village locations. This study also reveals that limber pine may have played a role in alpine village subsistence, and identifies the need for further research on the value of this resource.

ملّ خص – عثر على الكثير من املواقع االثرية في املناطق اجلافة من شمال سورية والتي تتكون من سهوب جافة تقع الى اجلنوب الشرقي من حلب. وقد تأثر توزيع هذه املواقع بشكل رئيسي باجلفاف والذي يزداد كلما اجتهنا من الغرب الى الشرق. كما يساهم في توزيع هذه املواقع عدة عوامل أخرى تختلف من مكان الى اخر مثل التضاريس احمللية، نوعية التربة ومصادر املياه. ويشكل هذا االختالف فسيفساء التنوع البيئي احمللي والذي كان العامل االساسي في تغير طبيعة استخدام هذه االراضي عبر الزمن والذي تطور بناءا على استراجتيات البقاء منذ الفترة الكبارية وحتى نهاية العصر احلجري احلديث ما قبل الفخاري ”ب“. وأظهرت فترة العصر احلجري احلديث ما قبل الفخاري ”ب“ اعتماد االنسان على مصادر مياه متنوعة مثلمصادر املياه الدائمة مثل الينابيع أو التي أعدها االنسان لهذا الغرض مثل البرك وأحواض جتميع املياه., The arid margins of northern Syria, a region of dry steppe located to the south-east of Aleppo, evidenced a great number of archaeological sites. The distribution of these sites is mainly dictated by a major constraint, climatic aridity, which is increasing from west towards the east. Other elements also intervene however in this distribution. The local relief, the quality of soils, resources in water, are changing according to places, and generate a mosaic of micro-environments offering different potential and diversified land use through time. From the Kebarian to the final PPNB, the human land use thus evolved, according to strategies of subsistence. The latter showed to rely on very diversified water ressources, as through exploitation of permanent artesian springs for instance, or even arrangement of articifial water collecting puddles or pools., Les marges arides de la Syrie du Nord, région de steppe aride située au sud-est d’Alep, se sont révélées très riches en sites archéologiques. La répartition de ces derniers est principalement dictée par une contrainte majeure, l’aridité climatique, de plus en plus marquée d’ouest en est. Mais d’autres éléments interviennent dans cette répartition. Le relief local, la qualité des sols et la ressource en eau, très variables selon les lieux, génèrent une mosaïque de micromilieux aux potentiels différents et aux usages diversifiés selon les époques. Du Kébarien au PPNB récent/final, les espaces parcourus ou occupés ont de ce fait changé, en fonction de stratégies de subsistance. Ces dernières se révèlent avoir été fondées sur des ressources, notamment en eau, très variées, allant de l’exploitation de sources artésiennes pérennes à l’aménagement de « mares » artificielles.

International audience; New investigations of finds from middle Rhone Valley sites (Le Figuier, Abri du Maras, Baume Flandin and Ranc Pointu 2) and from the mountainous southeastern area of the Massif Central (Sainte-Anne I, especially the unpublished data for unit J2) allowed assembly of new data on both chronological and environmental grounds for human occupation and consequently on Neanderthal subsistence strategies in this area. The southeasternMassif Central region makes it possible to examine Neanderthal occupation modes in an area linking medium altitude territories with the plains of the Rhone River corridor. This work aims to determine site occupation events and territory management strategies for these two environments. The variability of the site occupation types in the middle Rhone Valley supports the hypothesis of human groups who anticipated their land use strategies, and suggests a particular type of circulating model for these areas. The evidence suggests that the human presence consists of brief stopping-places, short-term regular camps (interspersed with some occupations by carnivores), or long-term residential camps. The types of occupation observed in the two mountain sites of Velay (Sainte-Anne I cave and Baume-Vallée rock-shelter) a priori do not indicate occupations specific to an environment at this altitude. On the contrary, they suggest the existence of short-term regular camps, probably seasonally utilised and exploited when good seasons favoured the expansion of accessible territories. The sites in the plains of the Rhone Valley corridor indicate a greater variety of occupation types, but still within the framework of strong seasonal mobility.

The new fieldworks conducted in the three chambers at the Figuier Cave (Ardèche) attest a common deposit inside the karstic system and allow us to precise the type of human occupation. Middle Palaeolithic occupations took place in the chambers 3 and 2, as well as in the main chamber 1. Humans could reach these chambers either through the main chamber (1) or through another entrance located near the chamber 3. The site is well known by the Quina Mousterian level of the main chamber 1. The recent data and the comparison between the archaeological series of the three chambers attest that the cave was inhabited by human groups using common processing systems, although Quina tools lack. Various activities or occupations in each of the chambers have to be envisaged. Humans and carnivores inhabited the chambers distant from the main entrance, during a cold climatic context (probably the last glacial period). Upper Palaeolithic humans have not occuped the karstic system in the same way than during the Middle Palaeolithic. The Gravettian facies is the only one clearly observable through the lithic materiel coming from the new test pits of the chambers 3 and 1. The Figuier cave is a major site, not only by its sequence including Middle and Upper Palaeolithic levels, but also by the Neanderthal occupations attested inside the karstic system, in small chambers far from the main entrance.; Les travaux récents effectués dans les trois salles de la grotte du Figuier (Ardèche) ont permis de préciser le remplissage, commun à l'ensemble du réseau, et les types d'occupation. L'occupation humaine des salles profondes (2 et 3) au Paléolithique moyen se confirme. Les hommes ont pu accéder aux salles profondes à partir de la grande salle principale (salle 1) ou à partir d'une autre entrée située dans la salle 3 actuellement sous la forme d'une étroite diaclase. Le site est connu pour avoir livré dans la salle 1 deux niveaux du Paléolithique moyen, dont un a été attribué au Moustérien de type Quina. À cette période, les travaux récents montrent que la cavité a été occupée par des groupes pratiquant les mêmes modes opératoires, bien que les outils avec une retouche Quina soient absents. Des activités de nature différente selon les salles sont envisagées. Hommes et carnivores ont fréquenté les salles profondes dans un contexte climatique froid (probablement le Dernier Glaciaire). Les hommes du Paléolithique supérieur ont également fréquenté le réseau de la grotte mais de manière différente. Le Gravettien est le seul faciès clairement identifié parmi le matériel découvert dans les sondages des salles 2 et 3. Le Figuier reste un site majeur, non seulement par sa séquence qui regroupe des niveaux du Paléolithique supérieur et moyen, mais également par le type d'occupation néandertalienne installée en réseau karstique profond.

International audience; From the Upper Palaeolithic to the beginning of the Holocene, the presence of small carnivores in archaeological context is widely interpreted as evidence for peltry activities. This hypothesis is supported by several arguments, including the skeletal-part representation, the spatial distribution of bone remains, and the nature of cut marks on bones. At the end of the Palaeolithic, the question of whether small carnivores were utilised only for their skin or for their meat as well is still under debate. It has been postulated that the consumption of small carnivore meat has been underestimated in the past. In this paper, we propose a new experimental record of bone modification on small carnivore skeletons resulting from skinning by three taxidermists. The professionals produced cut marks on all the skeletons in the sample. The skinning marks are always localised on the same bones and on similar locations on those bones. We argue that this set of reference skinning marks constitutes a new tool that will prove useful in understanding the role played by small carnivores in the subsistence strategies of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Union internationale des sciences préhistoriques et protohistoriques. International union for prehistoric and protohistoric sciences; International audience; In the lower levels of Les Pradelles, in Charentes, very low densities of lithic artefacts are in contrast with large quantities of bone remains, mostly reindeer. The introduction of finished tools (made on non local, high quality flint from the Cretaceous outcrops) highly curated in the site, together with an expedient strategy on strictly local flint, suggest short term occupations, probably in relation with a “ task specific location ” in a logistical system. Faunal studies confirm this hypothesis. The large bone sample underlines the preponderance of hunting activities repeatedly during the Fall. Intense butchering activities took place on the site as demonstrated by the abundance of filleting marks. Lithic and faunal data indicate that this location should be considered as a seasonal temporary camp devoted to reindeer meet processing for delayed consumption and possibly meat storage.; Les niveaux inférieurs du gisement des Pradelles, en Charente, ont livré de faibles densités de matériel lithique qui contrastent avec l'abondance en restes osseux, très majoritairement du Renne. Les études techno-économiques réalisées sur ces assemblages de type Quina ont mis en évidence des stratégies de gestion des matières premières, qui suggérent des occupations de brèves durées en relation avec des expéditions répondant à des besoins spécifiques (task -specific location). Les différences observées dans le traitement des matériaux importés (silex du Crétacé) et celui des matériaux locaux, de moindre qualité (silex du Jurassique) soulignent les capacités d'anticipation des Néandertaliens. La confrontation de ces résultats avec les données archéozoologiques a permis de préciser le fonctionnement de ce site au sein du territoire. En effet, les recherches effectuées sur les restes osseux, très abondants, ont permis de conclure à l'existence probable d'une chasse spécialisée sur le Renne, avec traitement de la viande pour consommation différée. Ce cas d'étude illustre parfaitement la nécessaire complémentarité des approches technologiques et archéozoologiques, entre autres, dans la définition des territoires, fonction des sites et schémas de mobilité des chasseurs-cueilleurs du Paléolithique.

International audience; Level G of Las Fuentes de San Cristóbal (Huesca, Spain) and level Ga of Payre (Ardéche, France) are situated intwo different chronological contexts. The first of them is situated over a fluvial level dated in 55.000 BP (no absolute dates are available at the present), and assigned to OIS 3, whereas the second one is dated to OIS 7 by U/Th. Despite this chronological difference, both levels have been attributed to Mousterian. Thanks to the pluridisciplinary studies made in these sites (analysisof the raw material gathering and stone management, knapping methods and subsistence strategies) we have observe similar behaviours regard, in spite of a temporal and spatial distance.; Le niveau G de Las Fuentes de San Cristóbal (Huesca, Espagne) et le niveau Ga du Payre (Ardéche, France) sesituent dans deux phases chronologiques distinctes. Le premier d'eux a été découvert au-dessus d'un niveau fluviatile daté de 55.000 BP, soit le MIS3, alors que le second est daté du MIS7 par U/Th et TL. Malgré cette différence chronologique, les deux niveaux archéologiques appartiennent au Paléolithique moyen. S'appuyant sur les études pluridisciplinaires réalisées dans les deux gisements, nous pouvons observer que, tant du point de vue de la collecte et de la gestion des matières premières, comme en ce qui concerne les stratégies cynégétiques et les méthodes de débitage utilisées, nous nous trouvons face à des comportements similaires.

En este trabajo se re-evalúa el modelo propuesto por Tonni y Politis en 1980 acerca de la distribución del guanaco durante el Holoceno tardío en el este de la región pampeana y se analizan las evidencias arqueológicas sobre la subsistencia de los grupos indígenas del sector mencionado. A tal efecto, se presenta la información arqueofaunística que ha sido obtenida mediante el estudio de diversos sitios de las áreas Interserrana, Serrana de Tandilia, Noreste y Depresión del Salado, cuya cronología abarca el Holoceno Tardío. Seguidamente, se analiza un conjunto de las fuentes documentales del siglo XVI, discutiendo las interpretaciones que han sido propuestas por otros investigadores acerca de Los recursos faunísticos entonces disponibles. Se concluye que al momento de la llegada de los europeos al Río de la Plata, el guanaco estaba restringido a las Sierras Australes, al territorio al sur de éstas y al área medanosa del Oeste, pudiendo haber sobrevivido en el sector sureste en zonas localmente áridas o en ambientes serranos., This paper re-examines the model about guanaco dispersal during the Late Holocene in the east part of Pampean region that was originally proposed by Tonni and Politis in 1980. The archaeological evidences about indigenous subsistence patterns in the mentioned area are also analyzed. To such purpose, we discussed zooarchaeological information from several sites located in the Interserrana, Serrana de Tandilia, Noreste y Depresión del Salado areas, and dated in the last part of the Holocene. Afterwards, a group of written sources from the 16th century is analyzed looking for information about the faunal resources that were then available. The paper concludes that, when Europeans arrived to the Río de la Plata, guanaco was restricted to the Sierras Australes, the lands southward then and the sandy areas of the West, considering the possibility of guanaco survival in either locally arid environments or hilly areas., Sociedad Argentina de Antropología