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151. Effect of creatine supplementation on training for competition in elite swimmers

Author

Peyrebrune, M.C., Stokes, K., Hall, G.M., and Nevill, M.E.

Subjects
Swimmers -- Food and nutrition, Creatine -- Usage -- Evaluation, Health, Evaluation, Usage, Food and nutrition
Abstract

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to examine the effects of oral creatine supplementation on training for competition in 20 elite swimmers. METHODS: Subjects performed a maximal sprint test (8 x [...]

Published
2006

152. Modelling of metal-coating delamination incorporating variable environmental parameters.

Author

Nazir, M.H., Khan, Z., and Stokes, K.

Subjects
METAL coating, DELAMINATION of composite materials, INTERFACES (Physical sciences), MATHEMATICAL models, METAL ions, CORROSION & anti-corrosives
Abstract

A mathematical model for metal-coating delamination of degrading metal was developed incorporating multiple variable environmental and physical parameters. Metal-coating delamination not only depends on the electrochemical reactions at metal-coating interface but also on the factors like the type of propagating metal ions and their varying concentration with annual weather changes (summer and winter), time of exposure of the coated objects, type of coated objects, i.e. stationary or mobile vehicles and frequency with which certain vehicles are operating in various environments, e.g. controlled or uncontrolled in terms of environmental conditions. A cutting edge model has been developed to calculate the varying environmental conditions using iteration algorithm, time dependent uncertain position of objects like vehicle in various environments (controlled and uncontrolled) using stochastic approach, effect of seasonal changes (summer and winter) on ionic compounds concentration using algebraic method and instantaneous failure probability due to varying conditions. Based on the developed model, a detailed simulation study was conducted to investigate the metal-coating delamination process and the ways to regress the under coating metal corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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160. CoFe2O4 nanostructures with high coercivity

Author

Jung, J.-S., primary, Lim, J.-H., additional, Choi, K.-H., additional, Oh, S.-L., additional, Kim, Y.-R., additional, Lee, S.-H., additional, Smith, D. A., additional, Stokes, K. L., additional, Malkinski, L., additional, and O’Connor, C. J., additional

Published
2005
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167. The importance of stakeholder engagement in invasive species management: a cross-jurisdictional perspective in Ireland.

Author

Hawksworth, David L., Bull, Alan T., Stokes, K. E., O'neill, K. P., Montgomery, W. I., Dick, J. T. A., Maggs, C. A., and Mcdonald, R. A.

Abstract

The management of invasive non-native species is a frequent cause of conflict in the field of biodiversity conservation because perceptions of their costs and benefits differ among stakeholder groups. A lack of cohesion between scientific researchers, the commercial sector and policy makers lies at the root of a widespread failure to develop and implement sustainable management practices for invasive species. The crisis of this situation is intensified by drivers stemming from international conventions and directives to address invasive species issues. There are further direct conflicts between legislative instruments promoting biodiversity conservation on the one hand while liberalizing trade at the national, European and global level on the other. The island of Ireland provides graphic illustration of the importance of cross-jurisdictional approaches to biological invasions. Using primarily Irish examples in this review, we emphasize the importance of approaching risk assessment, risk reduction and control or eradication policies from a cost-efficient, highly flexible perspective, incorporating linkages between environmental, economic and social objectives. The need for consolidated policies between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is particularly acute, though few model cross-border mechanisms for such consolidation are available. The importance of engaging affected stakeholders through positive interactions is discussed with regard to reducing the currently fragmented nature of invasive species management between the two jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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171. RESPONSES TO EXERCISE IN OMANI CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE OR SICKLE CELL TRAIT, COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS.

Author

Al Kitani, M., Thompson, D., and Stokes, K.

Subjects
EXERCISE physiology, CHILDREN'S health, SICKLE cell anemia in children, HEMOGLOBIN polymorphisms, DISEASE prevalence, POPULATION biology, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) and Sickle cell trait (SCT) are genetic disorders characterised by production of abnormal haemoglobin (Hb). It affects many races, countries, and ethnic groups and is particularly prevalent in Africa and parts of Asia. An association linking the presence of SCD in adults with exercise capacity has been established. Several factors might contribute in limiting exercise capacity in this population including; reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to low Hb concentration; structural and functional adaptations resulting from chronic anaemia; and pulmonary changes from repeated episodes of acute chest syndrome (Callahan et. al). However, the mechanism of exercise limitation in children with sickle cell is still not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular response to a 20m shuttle run test of SCD/SCT and compare them to normal children from Oman. Anthropometric and body composition of Omani male children ages 12-15 years were measured. Haematological indices and VO2 max response to exercise was obtained. In 20m shuttle run test normal children reported significantly higher mean values than SCT and SCD children (P<0.05), while SCT results were significantly higher than SCD (P<0.05). In this study children with SCD have significantly lower aerobic fitness level compared with the other two groups. Other similar studies (Pianosi et al; Barden et al) reported same results. This might be due to the severity of the disease and delay in growth patterns. Children with SCD have limited cardiopulmonary fitness in comparison with normal healthy children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

184. Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland Section of Surgery

Author

O’Boyle, C. J., primary, Curran, C., additional, Canney, M., additional, Boyle, T. J., additional, Maher, D., additional, Given, H. F., additional, Da Costa, M. L., additional, Flynn, M., additional, Redmond, H. P., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D., additional, Keegan, D. J., additional, Stokes, K. Y., additional, Kelly, C. J., additional, Hickey, D., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D. J., additional, Buckley, D. J., additional, Chapman, M. A., additional, Durrant, L. G., additional, Robins, R. A., additional, Armitage, N. C., additional, Carroll, T. A., additional, Alyusuf, R., additional, Regan, M. C., additional, Greene, D., additional, Curran, B., additional, Kay, E., additional, Leader, M., additional, Fitzpatrick, J. M., additional, Barry, M. K., additional, Young, L. S., additional, Geraghty, J. G., additional, Gorey, T. F., additional, Kelly, J. L., additional, O’Riordain, D. S., additional, Jones, E., additional, O’Riordain, M. G., additional, Kirwan, W. O., additional, Beirne, J. C., additional, Vaughan, F. D., additional, Rogers., S. N., additional, Cronin, K. J., additional, O’Donaghue, J., additional, Sullivan, T., additional, Darmanin, F. X., additional, McCann, J., additional, O’Sullivan, S. T., additional, Lederer, J. A., additional, Chin, D. H. L., additional, Horgan, A. F., additional, Rodrick, M. L., additional, Mannick, J. A., additional, Lyons, A., additional, O’Riordan, M. G., additional, Lynch, M., additional, O’Riordan, D. S., additional, Hanlon, D. M. O’, additional, Kerin, M. J., additional, O’Donohoe, M., additional, Byrne, J., additional, Courtney, D. F., additional, Quill, D. S., additional, Fulton, J., additional, Davies, G., additional, and Hagen, P., additional

Published
1996
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187. Irish Thoracic Society

Author

Feeney, T., primary, O’Muire, O., additional, Gilmartin, J. J., additional, Manning, P., additional, Sinclair, H., additional, Clancy, L., additional, O’Connell, F., additional, Springall, D. R., additional, Polak, J. M., additional, Thomas, V. E., additional, Fuller, R. W., additional, Pride, N. B., additional, Lyons, R. A., additional, Leonard, C., additional, Faul, J., additional, Tormey, V. J., additional, Poulter, L. W., additional, Burke, C. M., additional, Pathmakanthan, S., additional, Barry, M. C., additional, Wang, J. H., additional, Kelly, C. J., additional, Burke, P. E., additional, Sheehan, S. J., additional, Redmond, H. P., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D., additional, Abdih, H., additional, Watson, R. W. G., additional, Burke, P., additional, Egan, J. J., additional, Barber, L., additional, Lomax, J., additional, Fox, A., additional, Craske, J., additional, Yonan, N., additional, Rahman, A. N., additional, Deiraniya, A. K., additional, Carroll, K. B., additional, Turner, A., additional, Woodcock, A. A., additional, McNeill, K., additional, Bookless, B., additional, Gould, K., additional, Corris, P., additional, Higgenbottam, T., additional, Webb, A., additional, Woodcock, A., additional, McManus, K., additional, Miller, D., additional, Allen, M., additional, Ilstrup, D., additional, Deschamps, C., additional, Trastek, V., additional, Pairolero, P., additional, Cotter, T. P., additional, Vaughan, C., additional, Kealy, W. P., additional, Duggan, P. F., additional, Curtain, A., additional, Bredin, C. P., additional, Waite, A., additional, Maguire, C. P., additional, Ryan, J., additional, O’Neill, D., additional, Coakley, D., additional, Walsh, J. B., additional, Kilgallen, I., additional, O’Neill, S., additional, Ryan, M., additional, O’Connor, C. M., additional, McDonnell, T., additional, Lowry, R. C., additional, Buick, J. B., additional, Magee, T. R. A., additional, O’Riordan, D., additional, Hayes, J., additional, O’Connor, C., additional, FitzGerald, M. X., additional, Cosgrave, C., additional, Costello, C., additional, Deegan, P. C., additional, McNicholas, W. T., additional, Nugent, A. M., additional, Lyons, J., additional, Gleadhill, I., additional, MacMahon, J., additional, Stevenson, E. C., additional, Heaney, L. G., additional, Shields, M. D., additional, Cadden, I. S., additional, Taylor, R., additional, Ennis, M., additional, Kharitonov, S. A., additional, O’Connor, J., additional, Owens, W. A., additional, O’Kane, H., additional, Cleland, J., additional, Gladstone, D. J., additional, Sarsam, M., additional, Graham, A. N. J., additional, Anikin, V., additional, McGuigan, J. A., additional, Curry, R. C., additional, Varghese, G., additional, Keelan, P., additional, Rutherford, R., additional, O’Keeffe, D., additional, McCarthy, P., additional, Moore, H., additional, Balbernie, E., additional, Coakley, R., additional, Keane, M., additional, Costello, R., additional, Byrne, P., additional, McKeogh, D., additional, McLoughlin, P., additional, Finlay, G., additional, Concannon, D., additional, McKeown, D., additional, Kelly, P., additional, Tanner, W. A., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D. J., additional, Arumugasamy, M., additional, Yacoub, K., additional, O’Leary, G., additional, Stokes, K., additional, Geraghty, J., additional, Osborne, H., additional, O’Dwyer, R., additional, Gilliland, R., additional, Saleem, S. M., additional, Aherne, T., additional, Power, C. K., additional, Burke, C. H., additional, Byrne, A., additional, Murphy, J. F. A., additional, Sharkey, R., additional, Mulloy, E., additional, Sharkey, K., additional, Long, M., additional, Birchall, M. A., additional, Moorat, A., additional, Henderson, J., additional, Jacques, L., additional, Cahill, P., additional, Condron, C., additional, Royston, D., additional, Murphy, J., additional, and Neill, S. O., additional

Published
1995
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189. Sir Peter Freyer Memorial Lecture and Surgical Symposium 15th and 16th September, 1995

Author

Calleary, J., primary, Tansey, C., additional, McCormack, J., additional, Kapur, S., additional, Doyle, J., additional, Flynn, J., additional, Curran, A. J., additional, Smyth, D., additional, Kane, B., additional, Toner, M., additional, Timon, C. V. I., additional, Cronin, K. J., additional, O’Donoghue, J., additional, Darmanin, F. X., additional, McCann, J., additional, Campbell, F., additional, Redmond, H. P., additional, Condron, C., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D., additional, Aizaz, K., additional, MacGowan, S. W., additional, O’Donnell, A. F., additional, Luke, D. A., additional, McGovern, E., additional, Morrin, M., additional, Khan, F., additional, Delaney, P. V., additional, Lavelle, S. M., additional, Kanagaratnam, B., additional, Cuervas-Mons, V., additional, Gauthier, A., additional, Gips, C., additional, Santos, R. Marques dos, additional, Molino, G. P., additional, Theodossi, A., additional, Tsiftsis, D. D., additional, Boyle, C. J. O., additional, Boyle, T. J., additional, Kerin, M. J., additional, Courtney, D. M., additional, Quill, D. S., additional, Given, H. F., additional, O’Brien, D. F., additional, Kelly, E. J., additional, Kelly, J., additional, Richardson, D., additional, Fanning, N. F., additional, Brennan, R., additional, Horgan, P. G., additional, Keane, F. B. V., additional, Reid, S., additional, Walsh, C., additional, Patock, R., additional, Hall, J., additional, Evoy, D., additional, Magd-Eldin, M., additional, Curran, D., additional, Keeling, P., additional, Ade-Ajayi, N., additional, Spitz, L., additional, Kiely, E., additional, Drake, D., additional, Klein, N., additional, O’Hanlon, D. M., additional, Karat, D., additional, Callanan, K., additional, Crisp, W., additional, Griffin, S. M., additional, Murchan, P. M., additional, Mancey-Jones, B., additional, Sedman, P., additional, Mitchell, C. J., additional, Macfie, J., additional, Scott, D., additional, Raimes, S., additional, O’Boyle, C. J., additional, Maher, D., additional, Willsher, P. C., additional, Robertson, J. F. R., additional, Hilaly, M., additional, Blarney, R. W., additional, Shering, S. G., additional, Mitrovic, S., additional, Rahim, A., additional, McDermott, E. W., additional, O’Higgins, N. J., additional, Murphy, C. A., additional, Morgan, D., additional, Elston, C. W., additional, Ellis, I. O., additional, O’Sullivan, M. P., additional, O’Riordain, M. G., additional, Stack, J. P., additional, Barry, M. K., additional, Ennis, J. T., additional, Fitzpatrick, J. M., additional, Gorey, T. F., additional, Kollis, J., additional, Mullet, H., additional, Smith, D. F., additional, Zbar, A., additional, Murray, M. J., additional, McDermott, E. W. M., additional, Smyth, P. P. A., additional, Kapucouglu, N., additional, Holmes, S., additional, Holland, P., additional, McCollum, P. T., additional, da Silva, A., additional, de Cossart, L., additional, Hamilton, D., additional, Kelly, C. J., additional, Stokes, K., additional, Broe, P., additional, Crinnion, J., additional, Grace, P. A., additional, Morton, N., additional, Ross, N., additional, Naidu, S., additional, Gervaz, P., additional, Holdsworth, R. J., additional, Stonebridge, P. A., additional, O’Donnell, A., additional, Carson, K., additional, Phelan, D., additional, McBrinn, S., additional, McCarthy, D., additional, Javadpour, H., additional, McCarthy, J., additional, Neligan, M., additional, Caldwell, M. T. P., additional, McGrath, J. P., additional, Byrne, P. J., additional, Walsh, T. N., additional, Lawlor, P., additional, Timon, C., additional, Stuart, R. C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Carney, A., additional, Johnston, J. G., additional, Egan, B., additional, O’Connell, P. R., additional, Donoghue, J., additional, Pollock, A., additional, Hyde, D., additional, Hourihan, D., additional, Tanner, W. A., additional, Donohue, J., additional, Fanning, N., additional, Horgan, P., additional, Mahmood, A., additional, Dave, K., additional, Stewart, J., additional, Cole, A., additional, Hartley, R., additional, Brennan, T. G., additional, O’Donoghue, J. M., additional, O’Sullivan, S. T., additional, Beausang, E., additional, Panchal, J., additional, O’Shaughnessy, M., additional, O’Grady, P., additional, Watson, R. W. G., additional, Johnstone, D., additional, O’Donnell, J., additional, McCarthy, E., additional, Flynn, N., additional, O’Dwyer, T., additional, Curran, C., additional, Duggan, S., additional, Tierney, S., additional, Qian, Z., additional, Lipsett, P. A., additional, Pitt, H. A., additional, Lillemoe, K. D., additional, Kollias, J., additional, Morgan, D. A. L., additional, Young, I. S., additional, Regan, M. C., additional, Geraghty, J. G., additional, Suilleabhain, C. B. O., additional, Rodrick, M. L., additional, Horgan, A. F., additional, Mannick, J. A., additional, Lederer, J. A., additional, Hennessy, T. P. J., additional, Canney, M., additional, Feeley, K., additional, Connolly, C. E., additional, Abdih, H., additional, Finnegan, N., additional, Da Costa, M., additional, Shafii, M., additional, Martin, A. J., additional, Mulcahy, D., additional, Dolan, M., additional, Stephens, M., additional, McManus, F., additional, Walsh, M., additional, O’Brien, D. P., additional, Phillips, J. P., additional, Carroll, T. A., additional, O’Brien, D., additional, Rawluk, D., additional, Sullivan, T., additional, Herbert, K., additional, Kerins, M., additional, O’Donnell, M., additional, Lawlor, D., additional, McHugh, M., additional, Edwards, G., additional, Rice, J., additional, McCabe, J. P., additional, Sparkes, J., additional, Hayes, S., additional, Corcoran, M., additional, Bredin, H., additional, O’Keeffe, D., additional, Candon, J., additional, Mulligan, E. D., additional, Lynch, T. H., additional, Mulvin, D., additional, Vingers, L., additional, Smith, J. M., additional, Corby, H., additional, Barry, K., additional, Eardley, I., additional, Frick, J., additional, Goldwasser, B., additional, Wiklund, P., additional, Rogers, E., additional, Weaver, R., additional, Scardino, P. T., additional, Kumar, R., additional, Puri, P., additional, Adeyoju, A. B., additional, Lynch, T., additional, Corr, J., additional, McDermott, T. E. D., additional, Grainger, R., additional, Thornhill, J., additional, Butler, M., additional, Keegan, D., additional, Hegarty, N., additional, McCarthy, P., additional, Mirza, A. H., additional, O’Sullivan, M., additional, Neary, P., additional, O’Connor, T. P. F., additional, McCormack, D., additional, Cunningham, K., additional, Cassidy, N., additional, Mulhall, K., additional, Murphy, M., additional, Puri, A., additional, Dhaif, B., additional, Carey, P. D., additional, Delicata, R. J., additional, Abbasakoor, F., additional, Stephens, R. B., additional, Hussey, A. J., additional, Garrihy, B., additional, Nolan, D. J., additional, McAnena, O. J., additional, Fitzgerald, R., additional, Watson, D., additional, Coventry, B. J., additional, Malycha, P., additional, Ward, S. C., additional, Kwok, S. P. Y., additional, Lau, W. Y., additional, Bergman, J. W., additional, Hacking, G. E. B., additional, Metreweli, C., additional, Li, A. K. C., additional, Madhavan, P., additional, Donohoe, J., additional, O’Donohue, M., additional, McNamara, D. A., additional, and O’Donohoe, M. K., additional

Published
1995
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190. Waterford surgical october club meeting and surgical section, royal academy of medicine in Ireland

Author

Corby, H., primary, Donnelly, V., additional, O’Herlihy, C., additional, O’Connell, P. R., additional, Sheehan, S. J., additional, Colgan, M. P., additional, Grouden, M. C., additional, Wall, M., additional, Moore, D. J., additional, Shanik, D. G., additional, Kelly, L., additional, Gillen, P., additional, Tanner, W. A., additional, Keane, F. B. V., additional, Neelamekam, T. K., additional, Shami, J. A., additional, McEntee, G., additional, Traynor, O., additional, Brannigan, A. E., additional, Kerin, M. J., additional, McEntee, G. P., additional, Attwood, S. E. A., additional, Crowe, S. G., additional, Smith, S., additional, Mealy, K., additional, Beesley, W., additional, Tanner, A. W., additional, Keane, F. B. W., additional, O’Boyle, C. J., additional, Boyle, T. J., additional, O’Hanlon, D. M., additional, McNamara, A., additional, Given, H. F., additional, Barry, M. K., additional, Regan, M. C., additional, McDermott, J. P., additional, Page, R., additional, Stokes, M. A., additional, Fitzpatrick, J. M., additional, Gorey, T. F., additional, Flynn, M., additional, Da Costa, M. L., additional, Redmond, H. P., additional, Kelly, C. J., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D., additional, O’Sullivan, S. T., additional, Horgan, A. F., additional, Chin, D. H. L., additional, Curley, P., additional, Rodrick, M. L., additional, Mannick, J. A., additional, Watson, R. W. G., additional, Wang, J. H., additional, Yacoub, K., additional, O’Leary, G., additional, Stokes, K., additional, Geraghty, J., additional, Osborne, H., additional, O’Dwyer, R., additional, and Bouchier-Hayes, D. J., additional

Published
1994
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191. Sylvester O’halloran surgical scientific meeting

Author

Barry, M. C., primary, Burke, P., additional, Joyce, W. P., additional, Sheehan, S., additional, Broe, P., additional, Bouchier-Hayes, D., additional, Mccollum, P. T., additional, Holdsworth, R. I., additional, Stonebridge, P. A., additional, Belch, J. J., additional, O≿suilleabhain, C., additional, Waldron, D., additional, Hehir, D., additional, O≿donnell, J. A., additional, Brady, M. P., additional, Kelly, J., additional, O≿donnell, J., additional, Morasch, M. D., additional, Couse, N. F., additional, Colgan, M. P., additional, Moore, D. J., additional, Shanik, G. D., additional, Russell, J. D., additional, O≿dwyer, T. P., additional, Russell, J., additional, Walsh, M., additional, Lennon, G. M., additional, Sweeney, P., additional, Grainger, R., additional, Mcdermott, T. E. D., additional, Thornhill, J. A., additional, Butler, M. R., additional, Vashisht, R., additional, Koppikar, M., additional, Rogers, H. S., additional, Stokes, M. A., additional, Carroll, T., additional, Regan, M. C., additional, Fitzpatrick, J. M., additional, Gorey, T. F., additional, Mccarthy, J., additional, Redmond, H. P., additional, Duggan, S., additional, Watson, R. W. G., additional, O≿donnel, R., additional, Clements, W. D. B., additional, Mccaigue, M. D., additional, Halliday, I. M., additional, Rowlands, B. J., additional, O≿hanlon, D., additional, Kerin, M., additional, Kent, P., additional, Grimes, H., additional, Maher, D., additional, Given, H. F., additional, Keogh, I., additional, McAnena, O., additional, O≿hanlon, D. M., additional, Chin, D., additional, Mccarthy, P., additional, Kennedy, S., additional, Dolan, J., additional, Mercer, P., additional, Mcdermott, E. W., additional, Duffy, M. J., additional, O≿higgins, N. J., additional, Delaney, C. P., additional, Mcgeeney, K. F., additional, Dolan, S., additional, Campbell, C., additional, Mccluggage, G., additional, Halliday, M. I., additional, Khan, F., additional, Delaney, P., additional, Barrett, N., additional, Morrin, M., additional, Ma, Q. Y., additional, Anderson, N. H., additional, Magee, G. D., additional, Norwood, W., additional, Meagher, P. J., additional, Kelly, C. J., additional, Deasy, J. M., additional, Baldota, S., additional, Jakoubek, F., additional, Mcloughlin, H., additional, Eustace, P. W., additional, Waldron, R., additional, Johnston, J. G., additional, Shuaib, I., additional, Strunz, B., additional, Hall, T., additional, Williams, N., additional, Delaney, P. V., additional, Donnelly, V. S., additional, O≿herlihy, C., additional, O≿connell, P. R., additional, Attwood, S. E. A., additional, Evoy, D. A., additional, Boyle, B., additional, Brown, S., additional, Stephens, R. B., additional, Gillen, P., additional, Attwood, S., additional, Tanner, W. A., additional, Keane, F. B. V., additional, Morris, S., additional, Reid, S., additional, Neary, P., additional, Horgan, P., additional, Traynor, O., additional, Hyland, J., additional, Barrett, J., additional, Collins, J. K., additional, O≿sullivan, G., additional, Boyle, T. J., additional, Lyerly, J. K., additional, Gallagher, H. J., additional, Naama, H., additional, Shou, J., additional, Daly, J. M., additional, Wang, J. H., additional, Barclay, R. G., additional, Creagh, T., additional, Smalley, T., additional, Waters, C., additional, Mundy, A. R., additional, Campbell, G. R., additional, Stokes, K., additional, Kelly, C., additional, Abdih, H., additional, Bouchier Hayes, D., additional, Loughnane, F., additional, Ahearne, M., additional, Akram, M., additional, Drumm, J., additional, Collins, G. N., additional, Mulvin, D., additional, Malone, F., additional, Kelly, D., additional, Delaney, C., additional, Mckeever, J., additional, Mehigan, D., additional, Keaveny, T. V., additional, Hennessy, A., additional, Grace, P., additional, Mcgee, H., additional, Boyle, C. A. O., additional, Mohan, P., additional, Cross, K. S., additional, Feeley, T. M., additional, O≿donoghue, J. M., additional, Al-Ghazal, S. K., additional, Mccann, J., additional, Regan, M., additional, Stokes, M., additional, Graham, F., additional, Young, L., additional, Flanagan, F., additional, Ennis, J., additional, Fitzpatrick, J., additional, Gorey, T., additional, Walsh, S., additional, Callahan, J., additional, Macgowan, S. W., additional, Malone, C., additional, Young, L. S., additional, Wood, A. E., additional, Madhavan, P., additional, O≿sullivan, R., additional, Durkan, M., additional, Nyhan, T., additional, Lynch, G., additional, Egan, J., additional, Mcavinchey, D., additional, and Bulle, B., additional

Published
1994
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195. Cardiovascular/interventional radiology.

Author

Miller, D L, primary, Cardella, J F, additional, Cronan, J J, additional, Darcy, M D, additional, Freedman, A M, additional, Matsumoto, A H, additional, Parker, B C, additional, Sandler, C M, additional, Schwab, F J, additional, and Stokes, K R, additional

Published
1994
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196. The influence of playing level on the biomechanical demands experienced by rugby union forwards during machine scrummaging.

Author

Preatoni, E., Stokes, K. A., England, M. E., and Trewartha, G.

Subjects
*RUGBY football injuries, *ANALYSIS of variance, *ATHLETIC ability, *BIOMECHANICS, *COMPARATIVE studies, *DYNAMICS, *EXERCISE, *RESEARCH funding, *STATISTICS, *WOMEN athletes, *DATA analysis, *EFFECT sizes (Statistics), *PROFESSIONAL athletes, *PHYSIOLOGIC strain, *BODY movement, *ELITE athletes, *CROSS-sectional method, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *INJURY risk factors
Abstract

This study investigated machine scrummaging at different playing levels in rugby union and analysed kinetic factors that might influence performance and injury risk. Thirty-four forward packs from six different playing levels scrummaged against an instrumented scrum machine under real environmental conditions. Applied forces were measured in three orthogonal directions. The peak ( SD) of the overall compression forces during engagement ranged between 16.5 (1.4) k N ( International- Elite) and 8.7 (0.1) k N ( Women), while sustained compression forces spanned between 8.3 (1.0) k N ( International) and 4.8 (0.5) k N ( Women). The peak of the overall vertical force during the initial engagement phase was between −3.9 (0.7) k N ( Elite) and −2.0 (1.0) k N ( School), and the range of lateral forces was between 1.8 (0.3) k N ( International) and 1.1 (0.3) k N ( School). Forces measured across all playing levels, particularly during initial engagement, were generally higher than those measured in the most commonly cited previous studies. This increase may be due to a combination of changes in modern scrummaging technique, changes in players' anthropometrics, and experimental conditions that better respect ecological validity. The magnitude of the measured forces is in the range of values that studies on cadaveric specimens have indicated as potentially hazardous for (chronic) spine injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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197. Review on the development of truly portable and in-situ capillary electrophoresis systems.

Author

Lewis, A. P., Cranny, A., Harris, N. R., Green, N. G., Wharton, J. A., Wood, R. J. K., and Stokes, K. R.

Subjects
CAPILLARY electrophoresis, WATER quality, DRUG development, DRUG control, PROTEOMICS, DNA analysis, COUNTERTERRORISM, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, MICROFLUIDICS, POWER resources
Abstract

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a technique which uses an electric field to separate a mixed sample into its constituents. Portable CE systems enable this powerful analysis technique to be used in the field. Many of the challenges for portable systems are similar to those of autonomous in-situ analysis and therefore portable systems may be considered a stepping stone towards autonomous in-situ analysis. CE is widely used for biological and chemical analysis and example applications include: water quality analysis; drug development and quality control; proteomics and DNA analysis; counter-terrorism (explosive material identification) and corrosion monitoring. The technique is often limited to laboratory use, since it requires large electric fields, sensitive detection systems and fluidic control systems. All of these place restrictions in terms of: size, weight, cost, choice of operating solutions, choice of fabrication materials, electrical power and lifetime. In this review we bring together and critique the work by researchers addressing these issues. We emphasize the importance of a holistic approach for portable and in-situ CE systems and discuss all the aspects of the design. We identify gaps in the literature which require attention for the realization of both truly portable and in-situ CE systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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