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The development of human society and human conscience has contributed to the general progress in different spheres. Man, observing the surroundings, has always tended to adjust the environment to his needs. Thus, at one point, looking into the sky, he experienced a desire to fly in the vast space above him and be free like a bird. Such ideas have not just been a dream, but represented a need to test the human capabilities, too. Hence he has started, initially in a primitive way, and later with more sophistication, to contrive mechanisms, which would take him into free and yet unexplored sky. The first balloon flight was performed out in the long gone year of 1783, when the Montgolfier brothers flew over Paris. George Cayley, an English engineer, carried out several flights between 1804 and 1853. He was the first to construct a flying machine with fixed wings and separate systems for take-off, motion and control. In 1874 Felix du Temple de la Croix, a navy officer, constructed a flying device resembling the wings of a bird, with a wheel retracting into the base, a propeller and a 6 HP motor. Clement Ader, a French engineer, constructed in 1890 a flying device called Eole powered by a steam engine with four cylinders, 20 HP and four propellers. Otto Lilienthal, a German civil engineer, managed to perform the first safe flight in history. His scientific approach was adopted by the Wright brothers. Orville and Wilbur Wright constructed the first 'successful' airplane in the world, whose flight on 17 December 1903 was fully controlled. Later on, they developed a fixed airplane wing and introduced electronic adjustments in the airplane.

Flotation waste, which was produced through seventy years of copper ore processing in RTB Bor, Serbia, is deposited in a flotation tailings pond. In total, almost 26.4 Mt could be considered as available for eventual reprocessing and reuse. Chemical analysis has shown that an average concentration of targeted metals in the tailings is: 0.183% Cu, 0.35 g/t Au and 2.17 g/t Ag. The tailings contain 60 to 70% of SiO2, 10 to 17% of Al2O3 and pyrite 5 to 8%. Flotation tailings reprocessing consisted of acid leaching followed by re-flotation of the leach residue. Leaching of the tailings resulted in leach liquors containing Cu2+ ions from 50 to 580 ppm. The average copper removal degree in the leaching stage was 70%. After re-flotation, the total copper removal degree reached 83 to 85%. Sulphur removal degree reached 77%. Sulphur concentration in the treated tailings was reduced almost 5 times compared to the inlet concentration. An equivalent amount of iron was also reduced through the flotation process. Concentration of total copper was reduced 3 times.

Electrochemical properties of oxide coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on aluminum in sodium tungstate (Na2WO4⋅2H2O) with respect to process time were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Presence of tungsten was beneficial for the corrosion stability of obtained oxide coatings. However, neither the amount of tungsten in the oxide coating nor the coatings thickness were identified as important factors in corrosion stability of PEO coatings, i.e., morphology and porosity solely govern the corrosion stability of PEO coatings. The evolution of EIS spectra with immersion time for coatings anodized for 5 min and 7.5 min point to more efficient corrosion protection of aluminum substrate, compared to other tested samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce a novel linear precoding technique. The approach used for the design of the precoding matrix is general and the resulting algorithm can address several optimization criteria with an arbitrary number of antennas at the user terminals. We have achieved this by designing the precoding matrices in two steps. In the first step we minimize the overlap of the row spaces spanned by the effective channel matrices of different users using a new cost function. In the next step, we optimize the system performance with respect to specific optimization criteria assuming a set of parallel single- user MIMO channels. By combining the closed form solution with Tomlinson-Harashima precoding we reach the maximum sum-rate capacity when the total number of antennas at the user terminals is less or equal to the number of antennas at the base station. By iterating the closed form solution with appropriate power loading we are able to extract the full diversity in the system and reach the maximum sum-rate capacity in case of high multi-user interference. Joint processing over a group of multi-user MIMO channels in different frequency and time slots yields maximum diversity regardless of the level of multi-user interference. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Real-time multimedia multicast over wireless networks is an exciting application that has generated a lot of interest recently. Its main challenge lies in the stringent bandwidth and time-delay requirements of real-time multimedia and severe impairments of the wireless channels. We develop a network-aware cross-layer design for multimedia multicast over heterogeneous wireless-wireline networks, that leverages the knowledge on network information theory, multimedia processing, error control, and networking. In particular, the encoded multimedia data are broadcast to multiple Internet servers over a wireless radio link. Each server merely compresses the signal it has received using distributed source coding by exploiting mutual correlation among signals received at different servers. The receiver collects bitstreams from the servers before performing joint decoding. We provide an algorithm for optimal nonuniform scalar quantizer design at the server side that minimizes the required rate under the decoder bit error rate constraint. For scalable multimedia codes, we develop a joint source-channel coding scheme which combines error-protection at the base station and distributed source coding at the servers. Our experimental results show significant performance improvements over conventional solutions due to spatial diversity and distributed source coding gains. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article focuses on FEC for scalable image coders. For various channel models, we survey recent progress made in system design and discuss efficient source-channel bit allocation techniques, with emphasis on unequal error protection. This article considered JSCC (joint source-channel coding) at the application layer only. Recent research has studied cross-layer optimization where JSCC is applied to both the application layer and the physical layer. The basic task here is to minimize the average distortion by allocating available power, subcarriers, and bandwidth among users at the physical layer and source-channel symbols at the application layer subject to a total resource constraint. Most of the JSCC systems covered in this article can be readily extended to transmit scalable compressed bit streams of video sequences and 3-D meshes. Due to the stringent delay constraints in video communications and the fact that MPEG is currently exploring a scalable video coding standard, fast JSCC algorithms are expected to play a bigger role and bring more performance gains. This article is also expected to stimulate further research efforts into JSCC and more importantly, prompt the industry to adopt some of these JSCC algorithms in their system designs, thus closing the cycle from algorithm development to implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Single European Sky (SES) is the initiative of the European Commission, which should provide legal framework for unifying the European Sky into a whole. The European Commission has assigned the task to EUROCONTROL to provide technical support and assist in the implementation of this initiative. Airspace Block refers to the airspace of dimensions that are defined in time and space, within which Air Navigation Services are provided (hereinafter: ANS). According to the SES terminology and definition of the term from the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC), Functional Airspace Block (FAB) is a block of airspace based on operational requirements. It has been established regardless of national borders in which the provision of ANS and functions in relation to them have been driven efficiently and optimized with the aim of enhancing cooperation between providers in air navigation in every FAB or, where possible, to introduce an integrated service provider.

Only recently have people started to insist on professionalism in sport, and as a result sport is becoming a very successful media business - commercial activity on which very complex industrial endeavors are based. Sport itself, especially the Olympic Games, except for games and fun and high goals of bringing people together since ancient times, is beginning to represent a kind of job for many people, a primary activity which directly enables them not only to earn a living, but to make a profit as well. Thus, the very term 'sports career' becomes a general one, and the mere participation in sport becomes a profession just like any other. That is how 'transfers' and sponsorship deals today are worth millions, and minutes of advertisements during the broadcast of a match are becoming more and more expensive, and more and more money is being set aside for the rights to broadcast matches, for exclusive footage and pictures of famous athletes. An athlete is becoming a 'brand name', and companies through sponsorship deals and advertisements buy the right to the athlete: he becomes a synonym for values which should be imposed on the public and a message which should be sent to as many people as possible. Lately, this trend has expanded to include sports competitions. Major sports events are becoming the subject of geo-political and economic interest, and thus represent a field in which there is a clash between national identity and economic globalism. In such circumstances, a strong bond is forged between sport and the media, which reflects the current state in society. The question that imposes itself is: have we already crossed that critical point in which the industry of sport wins over the sports industry?.

This paper deals with the investigation of column leaching of low-grade ores from the copper mine Cerovo, Serbia (the approximate Cu content in the ore ranges from 0.2 - 0.3 % with >10 % copper in the form of oxide minerals). The leaching experiments were performed using sulphuric acid solutions, whereby the kinetics of copper leaching was investigated with respect to acid concentration and solid to liquid ratio. The copper concentration in the leach solution ranged from 0.80 to 1.75 g dm-3. The total Cu recovery rate ranged from 30 to 56 %, whereas the recovery rate of copper oxide minerals ranged from 67 to 100 %. Furthermore, with increasing the amount of liquid phase, copper recovery increases as well, and copper oxide minerals were completely leached out. Besides copper ions, considerably high ferrous/ferric ion concentrations were achieved in the leach solution. This concentration was sufficiently high for the use of either solvent extraction or ion exchange techniques or both for further treatment of the leach solution.

The changes brought by globalization require the internal organization to be adjusted in all systems, regardless of the activity and the type of ownership. The basic characteristics of these changes are: all-inclusiveness, depth (subtlety), and the dramatic speed. All-inclusiveness, among other things, means also significant changes in internal relations in the organization. The role of the leader - an individual and a visionary, who 'walks' far ahead of all, relying on his own ingenuity and visionary intuition, is relativized. Instead, affirmed is the role of the leader who is integrated into the team as the 'first among equals' and who, through so-called natural leadership leads by engaging his associates, rather than imposing solutions. Traditional models of leadership based on rigid hierarchy, giving orders, maintaining constant tension, etc. become counterproductive. Practice proves that the challenges of globalization can be responded to only by teams, but only on condition that they are competent and highly motivated. Accordingly, the basic functions of a manager become trust building and employee motivation. To meet such a complex requirement, the manager of the 21st century must possess three qualities: character, competence and ability to foster internal communication. Numerous examples of successful organizations around the world show that the emphasis of the competitive struggle is transferred to the internal marketing, in order for the most important resource of any organization - employees - to be put into operation. The central figure of any organization remains the manager, but only under the condition that he treats his employees with respect, and shows empathy and openness for communication. In direct communication, the manager should have the ability to respond quickly, but also to distinguish between the important and unimportant, and to precisely combine tenacity and open-mindedness, tolerance and decisiveness. To be able to motivate others, an individual has to be self-motivated. This process is reciprocal, which means that while working on raising the motivation of employees, the manager raises his own motivational capacity. The quality internal communication and employee motivation are ways to improve organizational trust and professional rapport, which is directly related to: the quality of task execution, results, achievement of goals, and fulfillment of the mission of the organization. In this way the performance of the organization is significantly improved, without significant engagement of additional resources. Successful business communication in the organization requires a lot of experience and knowledge of work with people, and above all: the knowledge of laws of motivation, recognition of demotivation, knowledge of mechanisms for motivating the individuals and teams, and purposeful use of criticism so as to make it become motivating.

The paper will seek to highlight the impact and role models who acted on policy of the Serbian state and the Stefan Nemanja as well. There, we should definitely think about Byzantium, certainly as a role model and the state that largely influenced Serbia, but we should not neglect the states from the West, for example, the famous contemporary of Nemanja, Friedrich I Barbarossa. Correspondence is conducted with the West, and in addition to the already mentioned Frederick, we have noted and brought up the correspondence with Rome. Stefan Nemanja was the founder of the Serbian state, the founder of the symphony of church and state. What will characterize the power of Stefan Nemanja is the application of feudal law and state building on the principles of the mentioned law.

Copper mine "Cerovo"- East Serbia as well as the other ore bodies in its vicinity contain a significant amount of oxide copper minerals in their uper layers (>40%). Processing of such mixed ores by the existing concentration technologies leads to a substantial copper losses (

Introduction. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is a rare, prognostically bad tumor category. Primary, it can be localized in every organ, even in the ovary, where, due to its clinical specificities, it represents a challenge in diagnosis, as well as in therapy. Small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCOC) is biologically very aggressive malignant tumor of unknown histogenesis. We presented a rare case of SCOC with hypercalcemia of aggressive course and fatal outcome in a postmenopausal woman at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Ia stage. Case report. A 60-year-old woman, Caucasian, came to the doctor because of discomfort in the lower abdomen and pain of greater intensity in last few days. Ultrasound examination and CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of large adnexal masses of cystic-solid appearance with the largest diameter of 13 cm, regular structure of the other gynecological organs, without verifying the existence of metastatic deposits. All the results of laboratory analysis gave normal values, except for calcium, which was elevated. Explorative laparotomy with complete hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, dissection of lymph nodes and omentectomy were conducted. Based on pathohistological analysis of the operative material, SCOC at FIGO Ia stage was diagnosed. No complications were observed in a postsurgery period and after 10 days the patient was discharged in a good condition and with normal calcemia. The treatment was continued with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, in spite of overall treatment, the disease progressed, and the patient died of disseminated metastatic disease, 26 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion. Small cell carcinoma localized in the ovary is generally a tumor category with bad prognosis depending on the stage of the disease.

The increase in air threats from terrorist acts means that the safety of passengers, aircraft, and even facilities on the ground, are endangered, and these are defined as deliberate acts. The threat of 'Renegade' (civilian aircraft used as a weapon) appears as the most dangerous scenario: with a high level of accuracy, the aircraft becomes a vector for the transport and explosion of payload (fuel, conventional weapons, or weapons of mass destruction) against a target. Terrorism in the airspace as a part of general international terrorism can be manifested in different forms: seizure of an aircraft; placing explosive, radiological, chemical and biological means and agents in or on the aircraft, or their delivery (in terms of bombing) from the aircraft to specific targets; suicide attack of persons in an airplane, or directing an airplane to a particular target; a missile attack against an airplane from the ground. Terrorism has become a work of visible hands - an organized project, strategic choice, a plot aimed to murder and terrify.

The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for discomfort in laptop users. Subjective feeling, load level, intensity and frequency of discomfort were examined. The study included 186 subjects. In the first phase participants completed a questionnaire about the subjective feeling of discomfort and specifics of laptop usage, while in the second phase 10 participants were observed while working on a laptop. Upper body postures were assessed with the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique. Nearly one fifth of respondents showed a higher incidence of discomfort. Majority of subjects reported wrong sitting posture and unusual body postures as main factors that increase discomfort after laptop usage. After using a laptop, discomfort increases primarily in the neck, with risk factors being working for several hours continuously, in the environments with no fixed area for device placement and without using the external devices. In most positions neck extension/ flexion was noticed as a result of the specific device design. Discomfort is increased in the back, although somewhat less than in the neck. Risk factors are amplified while working continuously for several hours, working for more than five hours and in postures like sitting on the bench and without external devices. Discomfort also increases in hand wrist, in users who mostly sit on fixed surfaces. The RULA observation has shown that the risk is the greatest in the following positions: when laptop is used while sitting on the floor, lying down, and with the device on the lap. The findings have important implications for improving laptop users' wellbeing in contemporary work environment.

This paper discusses the results of the research on politics and national identification in the sports, which was conducted among the students of the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education at the University of Kosovska Mitrovica, Niš and Banja Luka. This study included a total of 464 students, and it was conducted in April and May 2013 in Leposavić, Niš and Banja Luka. The main goal of this research is to determine to which extent the students recognize the influence of politics in the sports at the level of everyday practice, and how they view the process of consolidation and expression of national identity in sports. This paper also points to the relevant theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding politics, sports and national identity, as well as their mutual relations. The results of the survey show that students recognize not only the impact of politics in sports but also the expression of national identification in sports competitions, as well as in the events relating to them, in which an exceptional role is played by the media of mass communication. In their responses to the questions, the students indicated that the politics has a major impact on the sports, and that sports have a significant impact on politics, noting that the success of the top sportsmen, especially in international competitions, encourage the awakening of national feelings, strengthen national identification and contribute to the strengthening of patriotism. This effect is particularly reinforced by the behavior and statements of top athletes in the media, after major sporting results, as well as the statements of the highest state officials on these occasions. That is why these achievements are of great significance for the promotion of the state and the nation, but they are, on the other hand, also very useful for personal promotion of politicians and political parties in power. The students also observed the importance of the role of the symbolic features in sports, and, in this context, claim that the emblems, coats of arms, and other national symbols on the sports gear contribute to the strengthening of national identity. Regarding the attitude that the athletes in international competitions should sing the national anthem, most students, especially from Leposavić, believe that it is their obligation to do so. It is particularly significant that almost all the students emphasize that the hooligan behavior of fans at sports events insults their national feelings.

Introduction: There is little data on the association of metabolic syndrome and health status in Serbian men, so our intention was to investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in men with no history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease in New Belgrade, Serbia; to determine which of the anthropometric parameters (body mass index - BMI and waist circumference - WC) is best for the evaluation of health risks in primary care, especially the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Research Methods and Procedures: The study involved 132 healthy men ages 44.73 ± 9.37 years. Anthropometric values were measured in all the patients. Blood pressure, blood biochemistry (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose) and analysis of their medical records were also done. Analysis of consistency has been used in testing hypothesis. Results: The sample consisted of 132 patients with mean age 44.73 ± 9.37 years. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 44.7%. Analysis of consistence showed differences in the combined predictive ability of anthropometric indicators and other factors of MetS. Conclusions: BMI and WC are the simple measures of adiposity most strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. Our findings suggest that WC can not be used as a complementary measurement to identify health risks in any group of men.

The aim of this study was to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of cell populations and extracellular matrix components in the wall of ruptured atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We analyzed 20 samples of ruptured AAA. For orientation to the light microscopy, we used routine histochemical techniques by standard procedures. For ultrastructural analysis, we applied transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results have shown that ruptured AAA is characterized by the remains of an advanced atherosclerotic lesion in the intima followed by a complete absence of endothelial cells, the disruption of basal membrane and disruption of internal elastic lamina. On plaque margins as well as in the inner media we observed smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that posses a euchromatic nucleus, a well-developed granulated endoplasmic reticulum around the nucleus and reduced myofilaments. The remains of the ruptured lipid core were acellular in all samples; however, on the lateral sides of ruptured plaque we observed a presence of two types of foam cells (FCs), spindle- and star-shaped. Fusiform FCs possess a well-differentiated basal lamina, caveolae and electron dense bodies, followed by a small number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Star-shaped FCs contain a large number of lipid droplets and do not possess basal lamina. On the inner margins of the plaque, we observed a large number of cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis, extracellular lipid droplets as well as a large number of lymphocytes. The media was thinned out with disorganized elastic lamellas, while the adventitia exhibited leukocyte infiltration. The presented results suggest that atherosclerotic plaque in ruptured AAA contains vascular SMC synthetic phenotype and two different types of FCs: some were derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage, while others were derived from SMCs of synthetic phenotype. The striking plaque hypocellularity was the result of apoptosis and necrosis of different cell populations. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III41007 i br. 41002]

The subject of this research will be phenomena of 'legalized' form of corruption. The name we gave to all those forms of social behavior that anomical escape incrimination, are not defined precisely by laws, a cause of increasing social anomie, and ultimately lead to destruction, entropy and disintegration of society. The study will include a spatial framework of the Republic of Serbia, during the time interval since 2000. onwards, with a look in the 90's of the last century, and follows a period of transition from socialism, and post-socialism, to this wild and unrestrained form of capitalism. Methods that are used in the study were: a sociological method (observation, comparative method), Legal (dogmatic-normative, method of the target interpretation) and the logical method of generalization and concretization. The study aims to highlight the manifestations of corruption that have for various reasons are not criminalized, and thus indicate the harmfulness social-anomical conditions that are directly related to the entropy of society in which we live. After that follows the proposal of measures to remove these harmful emergent phenomena in the border area of sociology and law.

The modern concept of the development of atherosclerosis implies that the underlying pathogenesis of this disease is vascular remodeling as a response of the vessel wall to hypertension associated with hyperlipidemia and subsequent inflammation. However, even though this disease has been investigated for decades, both from a basic and clinical research aspect, there are still many doubts as to what the initial phase of the disease is. In contemporary literature there are an increasing number of papers that stress the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the blood vessels connective tissue, particularly proteoglycans, in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries.

Background. Ovarian cancer is very rare in pregnancy. It is mainly of epithelial origin, low grade and low malignant potential. Case report. We presented a patient in which ultrasound confirmed the presence of clearly limited tumor in the left ovary when she was eight weeks pregnant. The results of 4D Color Doppler showed a central type of tumor vascularisation with resistance index (IR) less than 0.5. The Consultancy Board in Gynecology of the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia decided to remove the patient's left adnexa and intensively monitor the pregnancy period. The operation (Adnexectomia lateralis sinistra) was performed at 18th week of gestation. Histopathological analysis showed adenocarcinoma invasivum, endometroid well-differentiated type (histological grade I, nuclear grade 2). In 37th week of gestation, the patient gave birth to a male child by cesarean section. In the next 3 years the patient had no subjective interference, laboratory tests and ultrasonographic findings were normal. Conclusion. Ovarian cancer in pregnancy is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed during routine clinical and ultrasound examination. The color Doppler technique have particular importance in the diagnosis of pathological blood supply in tumors and in indication of malignant ovarian mass.

Atherosclerosis represents a complex disease which encompasses all the components of the vascular wall. Nevertheless, according to all known theories of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the key role in this process belongs to the endothelial cells, i.e. the changes that they are subjected to especially during the initial stage of the lesion. In this review we have attempted, according to the results of our continuous research and numerous data from available modern literature, to show the cytohistological characteristics of endothelial cells, as well as the changes they are subjected to in all stages of atherosclerosis. In the first part we have reviewed the ultrastructure, function and pathology of the endothelium, subcellular organization of the endothelial cells, their specific characteristics, micro compartments and intercellular junctions. In the second part we have described the morphological and functional changes of endothelial cells during atherosclerosis. Special attention is given to the role of endothelial cells in the development of the initial stage of lesion: endothelial dysfunction, factors that cause the increased expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and mechanisms that cause leukocytes to migrate through the endothelial layer to subendothelial connective tissue in the early stage of atherosclerosis.

Demetrios Chomatenos, the archbishop of Ohrid, mentions several patriarchs of Constantinople in his numerous acts, particularly those whose decisions were used in the deliberations of his archbishopric's court. An analysis of the fashion in which the patriarchs of Constantinople were referred to in the official acts of the archbishop of Ohrid is conducted in order to offer a more nuanced picture of Chomatenos' stance toward his spiritual adversary in Nicaea and a comparison with the ways in which he addressed his contemporary, the Nicene patriarch Germanos.

nema

The paper analyzes Introduction to Nikephoros Bryennios' historical work Yleistoriaz, both its major part, written by an anonymous author, and its last chapter, which is the work of Bryennios himself. It is argued that the Introduction to Bryennios' History by Anonymous testifies the significance of the work in Byzantium of the Komnenoi, and that Nikephoros Bryennios chose consciously the title Material of History, in attempt to stress the objectivity and the truthfulness of his writing.

Myomas develop as a result of increased mitotic (proliferating) activity of smooth muscle cells. In this study we examined the pathohistological samples of 176 myomas and their endometria that were obtained after hysterectomy from patients in the proliferative (follicular) and secretory (luteal) phase of the menstrual cycle. We examined the mitotic activity of the myoma cells in both phases and established that the average number of mitoses in the proliferative phase was significantly larger compared to the secretory phase, and that in the proliferative phase of the cycle there exists a statistically significant convergent association of the number of mitoses in the endometrium and in myomas. The number of endometrial mitoses is significantly larger than in myomas in both phases of the cycle.

Background/Aim. The main complication of the atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) is her rupture that begins with lesion in intima and rupture. The purpose of this work was to determine immunocytochemical and morphofunctional characteristics of the cells in aortic wall in ruptured atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. Method. During the course of this study, 20 samples of atherosclerotic AAA were analyzed, all of them obtained during authopsy. The samples were fixed in 4% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5 μm thickness were stained histochemically (of Heidenhain azan stain and Periodic acid Schiff - PAS stain) and immunocytochemically using a DAKO LSAB+/HRP technique to identify α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, myosin heavy chains (MHC), desmin, S-100 protein, CD45 and CD68 (DAKO specification). Results. The results of our study showed that ruptured atherosclerotic AAA is characterized by a complete absence of endothelial cells, the disruption of basal membrane and internal elastic lamina, as well as a presence of the remains of hypocellular complicated atherosclerotic lesion in intima. On the plaque margins, as well as in the media, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are present, which express a α-SMA and vimentin (but without MHC or desmin expression), as well as leukocyte infiltration, and a large number of foam cells. Some of the foam cells show a CD68-immunoreactivity, while the others show vimentin- and S-100 protein-immunoreactivity. Media is thinned out with a disorganized elastic lamellas, while adventitia is characterized by inflammatory inflitrate (infection). Conclusion. Rupture of aneurysm occurs from the primary intimal disruption, which spreads into thinned out media and adventitia. Rupture is caused by unstable atherom, hypocellularity, loss of contractile characteristics of smooth muscle cells in intima and media, neovascularization of the media, as well as by the activity of the macrophages in the lesion.

The paper analyzes the well-known historical works of George Akropolites and George Pachymeres from the viewpoint of their literary composition structure, lexica and narrative techniques used for describing events and personalities from Bulgaria and Serbia. An attempt is made to surpass the 'traditional' methodology and the usually applied standard approach that focuses almost exclusively to the search for the 'strong' historical facts in these literary works par excellence, in that way overlooking their strong literary character, careful expressions, sometimes evident and sometimes more subtle style differences whose purpose was to underline the focal points and the conclusions of the content of the stories - in short, the information and the stories about Bulgaria and Serbia by Akropolites and Pachymeres are analyzed in their entirety, viewed as the integral parts of the complex literary works, and not as isolated episodes, divided from the rest of the narrative. The ways in which George Akropolites depicted and described deaths of the Bulgarian rulers were studied as one of the best examples of his conscious endeavors to bring the literary style of his History in accord with his own judgments about the rulers of the neighboring country. Scenes of death, conspicuously frequent in Akropolites' relatively short historical work, play an important role in characterizing personalities, and the same principle which Akropolites uses for judging the Byzantines is applied to the Bulgarians as well: generally positive opinion about somebody's life and achievements is emphasized with a depiction of his death in a positive way (Ivan II Asen), and vice versa, Akropolites' 'villains' receive their horrible deaths as a deserved punishment for their bad deeds (Kalojan's death). On the other hand, Akropolites' scarce information about Serbs is supplemented with his depiction of the Serbian king Uroš (1243-1276), and his stance after the death of John Batatzes from the funerary oration to the same emperor, which has been completely overlooked by the scholars until now. Akropolites confirms that the Empire of Nicaea and king Uroš's Serbia were strongly connected, and that only after the death of the 'mighty' John Batatzes Serbian king allied himself with the ruler of Epiros, despotes Michael II Angelos. More complex in structure, language, narrative techniques and expressions than Akropolites' is without doubt the voluminous History by George Pachymeres. In the context of Pachymeres' depiction of the Bulgarians and Serbs, the chapters that describe Byzantine marital diplomacy regarding Bulgaria and Serbia are studied in details, with the emphasis placed equally on the literary analysis of the corresponding chapters, and on the concordance between the content and style, author's attitudes and expressions used, Pachymeres' intention and the form he had chosen, which all contribute in the end to the better understanding of the historical circumstances, as well. The following chapters of Pachymeres' History, forming the comprehensive narrative segments, were examined in detail: - the description of the marriage of the Bulgarian tsar Constantine Tich with the niece of the emperor Michael VIII (Pachymérès II/ V, 3: 441-445); - the unsuccessful attempt of alliance by marriage between the Serbian prince Milutin and the second daughter of the emperor Michael VIII (Pachymérès II/ V, 6: 453-457); - negotiations for the marriage between now king Milutin and Simonis, young daughter of the emperor Andronikos II, with all the circumstances that followed the complex negotiating process (Pachymérès III/ IX, 30: 299-303 Pachymérès III/ IX, 31: 303-305; Pachymérès IV/ X, 1: 307-309; Pachymérès IV X, 2: 309-313; Pachymérès IV/ X, 3: 313; Pachymérès IV/ X, 4: 313-315 Pachymérès IV/ X, 5: 315; Pachymérès IV/ X, 8: 319-321; Pachymérès IV/ X, 9 321-327).

The Serbian animal feed industry confronted with insufficiently used capacities and considerable price oscillations of raw materials and final products has gone through a substantially long period of dynamic development. The objective was to analyze production capacities, spatial distribution, changes in feed manufacture output and raw materials used, import and export, changes in the number of employees, etc. Major attention was focused on indices of the financial and economic structure in order to define the position of feed mills in relation to the sector and the economy as a whole. In addition, the aim was to analyze the possibility of improving feed mill management. Mathematical and statistical models were developed with special reference to the needs of some types and categories of animals, raw materials at disposal, capacities and requirements with regard to feeding stuffs. The linear programming model was used in order to contribute to the successful management of all the phases in the production chain. .

The paper analyses the political tendencies of the first half of the long reign of Emperor Manuel Komnenos, and his relationship with the members of the educated elite. It is argued that Manuel Komnenos made a conscious effort to free himself from the influence of the prominent intellectuals with whom he could not establish satisfying cooperation or from whom he was unable to command sufficient political obedience, since there was a significant generational difference between them, which also led to a political differentiation between the men of the old regime, and Manuel, and his surroundings.