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Human standing stability was evaluated using a swash plate drop device in a disturbance application. Under different experimental conditions using the device, electromyogram (EMG) measurements showed that the left and right lower limb muscles were used differently. It also demonstrated that the dynamics also differed depending on the experimental conditions. In particular, the dynamics of standing stabilization in a tandem standing position and a normal standing position significantly differed, and the activities of related muscles were also significantly different; this indicates that standing stability may potentially depend on the subjects. These results indicate the need for the comprehensive consideration of the standing and disturbance conditions during the quantitative evaluation of human standing stability.

This article focuses on the estimation of the stability index and scale parameter of stable random variables. We study an estimator based on log-moments,. The main advantage of this estimator is th...

This paper provides evidence regarding the impact of soft information on foreign bank efficiency in the ASEAN-5 market in the years following the Asian crisis. The analysis presented here develops previous literature by disaggregating soft information into five difference types and examining whether institutional quality (proxied for by host-country economic risk stability index) mitigates the impact. Using a three-stage estimation process we find that soft information does indeed affect foreign banks’ efficiencies in an identifiable manner, but host-country institutional quality acts so as to significantly lessen the effect.

Thirty-nine genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from different regions in Egypt and two commercial varieties were used in this study, to estimate the tolerance indices and to establish the drought tolerance in 41 genotypes. Significant genotypes mean squares were detected for all studied traits, except number of spikes per m2 and grain per spike under water stress. Using stress susceptibility index (SSI), genotypes 4, 6, 1, 31, 19, and 24 were classified as highly drought tolerant. According to stress tolerance index (STI), twelve genotypes were the top performer under stressed conditions. Twenty-nine genotypes showed lowest STI values (< 0.10) which implies that these genotypes were highly susceptible to drought. The greater values of yield stability index (YSI) were observed in genotypes 8,39,17,22,28,12,26 and 37. Based on sensitivity drought index (SDI) the six genotypes 4,6,1,31,19 and 24 revealed the highest values and were identified as tolerant under stress conditions. According to drought index (DI). Grain yield under stressed conditions (YS) was significantly and positively correlated with STI and DI. Yield in non-stress condition (YP) was significantly and positively correlated with YS, SSI, STI, SDI, and DI and negatively correlated with YSI. The total variation expressed between the two components was 99.70%. The variable that has the highest PCA1 value and the lowest PC2 was found excellent in screening genotypes under stress and non-stress conditions. Also, genotypes 17 and 37 are the most tolerant genotypes under water stress.

This study aims to improve and develop local fog stability index (DFSI) as logarithm of horizontal visibility over Borg El-Arab airport, Egypt during the most frequent months of the phenomenon. The results showed that autumn and winter seasons has maximum hourly fog frequency with long duration during the period 1990–2009, so the DFSI regression equations were developed and validated for these seasons. The hourly predictors were obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model as nest domain with 3 km horizontal resolution along all days of 15 different cases from October to March during the period 1990–2009. Two regression equations were developed for months from October to January (DFSIO-J) and from February March (DFSIF-M). It is found that the developed two regression equations more accurate in training phase than validation phase for fog events. Where, the success percentage for DFSIO-J for fog events reaches to its maximum 100% in January 1997 (training phase) and 91% in November 1996 (validation phase). Whereas, the success percentage for DFSIF-M in February and March are 100% in both two phases except March 89% in the validation phase for fog events. For non-fog events during the two phases, the success percentage for DFSIO-J ranges from 60 to 78%, while it ranges between 64 and 90% for DFSIF-M. Moreover, the general accuracy of DFSIO-J (DFSIF-M) ranges between 61.3 and 77.76% (67.25% and 90.31%) in the training phase and between 63.58 and 78.41% (64.53% and 83.23%) in the validation phase.

This study is to get character each of Laston base mixture using the Mount Pura Lau stone, Tikala District. The methodology in this study is to test each character of the sample to be tested for its, whether it is coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and asphalt. After testing each character, we will design the composition of the mixture for the manufacture of rough Laston Base (AC-BASE) specimens and obtain several variants of asphalt content, namely 4.5%, 5%, 5.55%, 6%, and 6.5%. After getting the composition, the test object will be made immediately. After the object has been made, it is time to test with Marshall test tool to obtain the residual Marshall Immersion / Stability Index (SMS) or the durability of the mixture using the optimum bitumen content. The results of the optimum asphalt content were 5.5%, MQ 906.88 Kg / mm and immersion index (IP) 96.06% which showed that met the requirements, namely 90% and meets the specifications of Bina Marga. So that it can be used as a recommendation to the regional government and local residents.

High salt concentration in irrigation water is often a limiting factor to tomato production in Brazil. However, there is limited information available regarding the tolerance of tomato genotypes to saline irrigation. An experiment was conducted in a protected environment using a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of 12 tomato genotypes cultivated in an environment with varying levels of salt stress. Moderate and severe salt stress affected plant height, transversal and longitudinal diameter of fruit, fresh mass, yield, and number of tomato fruit per plant. Cluster analysis, stability, and adaptability provided the best estimates to identify the most adaptable genotype to saline stress, with the genotypes Maestrina, Onix, Pizzadoro, and Shanty being the best adapted to moderate and severe saline stress conditions. The genotypes Maestrina, Onix, Pizzadoro, and Shanty were identified as most adaptable to and stable under salt stress. Sodium absorption increased as irrigation salinity increased. In addition, P, K, and Ca concentration decreased under salt stress, which caused damage to all yield components and plant nutrition. The genotype Onix was more tolerant to the effects of moderate saline irrigation, while the genotypes Sheena, Sperare, Santa Clara, IPA 6, and Dominador had lower losses under severe salt stress conditions.

This study investigates the relationship between household credit and banking stability in Malaysia using a sample of 37 commercial banks spanning the period from 2008 to 2015. In analyzing household credit’s influence on the Malaysian banking sector’s stability, household credit was categorized into two components, namely mortgage and consumer credit. The Banking Stability Index (BSI) for each bank is constructed using 15 bank-specific variables and some macro-economic variables. The determinants of the BSI are estimated using a static panel data technique. The fixed-effects regression results showed a statistically significant negative relationship between both forms of household credit (mortgage credit and consumer credit) upon the banking sector’s stability. The finding signals that understanding the link between household credit and the Bank Stability Index is crucial to the policymakers and the banks’ management in closely monitoring household credit, particularly mortgage and consumer credit.

This research study aims to examine the performance of seven Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) based predictors that are commonly used to monitor the asphaltenes precipitation risk in crude oils. Predictors are employed on 45 crude oils whose stability is already known from three different experiences present present in published literature. Crude oils are divided into three conditions, containing 15 oil samples each, on the basis of their stability experiences. Detailed statistical analysis is carried out to analyze the performance of predictors. It is found that predictor performance changes when applied to oil samples of different conditions. Results indicate that Colloidal Instability Index (CII), Stankiewicz plot (SP), Chamkalani Stability Classifier (CSC), and Modified Jamal plot (M Jamal) are good predictors for unstable samples while Stability Index (SI), and Jamaluddin’s Plot (Jamal) predict stable samples better. Colloidal Stability Index (CSI) proves to be the best predictor in terms of average accuracy of three conditions.

This study evaluates the financial status of Korean households using Household Financial Composite Index (HFCI) proposed in the preceding study. We analyzed 1,566 households with four persons aged 30-59 using raw data from the Korea Labor Panel Survey in 2016. The analysis results are as follows. First, HFCI was found to be 57.0 out of 100. Growth Index as one of three subindices was 11.1, which was significantly lower with 65.0 points for Status Index and 61.1 points for the Stability Index. Second, for households with male household owners, the overall financial score was 57.0, while that with female owners was almost similar with 57.2. HFCI was similar for the owner’s age groups, but for Status Index, 58.5 for 30s, compared with 66.1 for 40s and 67.1 for 50s. The higher the education level of household owners, the better HFCI, with 53.2 high school graduates and 64.8 graduate graduates, showing a high gap of 11.6 points. HFCI for households living in owned housing was highest at 60.0, while that for rented housing was 40.7. Third, after controlling other effects, it was found that HFCI differed according to the level of education and ownership of housing living. Householder’s gender was not found as a significant factor on HFCI. Status Index The 40s and 50s was higher than those in their 30s. Fourth, households were divided into three groups based on HFCI, named as risk, average and secure groups. HFCI for the risk group was 26.8, which was lower than 78.6 for the secure group, with a Status Index of 19.3. Households in their 50s and graduate school graduates were significantly included in the list of secure groups than others.

Objectives: Significant loss of playing time and the impact of treatment costs due to lower limb injury in football demonstrates a need for improved protocols for injury risk reduction. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of a proprioceptive training program on the lower limb dynamic stability of elite footballers. Methods: A total of 16 elite premier league footballers were randomly allocated by matched pair design to a 8-week proprioception training group (group A, n = 8) or nontraining group (group B, n = 8), to determine the effect of this training over a 16-week period. Group A completed 8 weeks of bilateral proprioceptive training, 5 times per week for 10 minutes. The Biodex Stability System measures of overall stability index, anterior–posterior (A–P), and medial–lateral stability (M–L) at levels 8-6-4-1 were taken for both groups at baseline, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Main effects of time, level of stability, and direction of stability were determined, with comparisons of effect made between the 2 groups. Results: The training group displayed significant differences for multidirectional stability at week 8 (P ≤ .05). The A–P stability within the training group displayed significant differences between baseline measures and 16 weeks (P > .05), with significant increases in scores displayed for M–L and A–P stability between weeks 8 and 16 (P ≤ .05), representing a detraining effect. No significant differences were detected at any time point for the nontraining group (P > .05). Conclusions: Proprioceptive training over 8 weeks has a positive effect on all directions of stability. Greater declines in A–P stability were evident at 16 weeks when compared with M–L and overall stability index. Consideration must be given to the increased stability scores presented pretesting for A–P when compared with M–L. Findings of this work present implications for training design.

In this work, for a control consumption-investment process with the discounted reward optimization criteria, a numerical estimate of the stability index is made. Using explicit formulas for the optimal stationary policies and for the value functions, the stability index is explicitly calculated and through statistical techniques its asymptotic behavior is investigated (using numerical experiments) when the discount coefficient approaches 1. The results obtained define the conditions under which an approximate optimal stationary policy can be used to control the original process.

Healthcare and education systems have been identified by various national and international organizations as the main pillars of communities’ stability. Understanding the correlation between these main social services institutions is critical to determining the tipping point of communities following natural disasters. Despite being defined as social services stability indicators, to date, no studies have been conducted to determine the level of interdependence between schools and hospitals and their collective influence on their recoveries following extreme events. In this study, we devise an agent-based model to investigate the complex interaction between healthcare and education networks and their overall recovery, while considering other physical, social, and economic factors. We employ comprehensive models to simulate the functional processes within each facility and to optimize their recovery trajectories after earthquake occurrence. The results highlight significant interdependencies between hospitals and schools, including direct and indirect relationships, suggesting the need for collective coupling of their recovery to achieve full functionality of either of the two systems following natural disasters. Recognizing this high level of interdependence, we then establish a social services stability index, which can be used by policymakers and community leaders to quantify the impact of healthcare and education services on community resilience and social services stability.

The present investigation consisted of six genetic populations i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of six crosses which were evaluated during the rabi, 2015-16 season. The six populations (parents, F1, backcrosses and F2) of the two wheat crosses, (NIAW-34 X NIAW-343 and NIAW-917 X NIAW-2030) were grown under restricted irrigation at Post Graduate Institute Farm, Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (MS). Mean performance of Parents, f1’s, f2’s, BC1 and BC2 for different morphological and physiological traits in wheat recorded significant differences among both the crosses. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the traits in both crosses. All the three individual scaling tests for viz., A, B and C were significant for four traits viz., Number of tillers per plant, Number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant and Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) in both the crosses indicating the inadequacy of additive-dominance model to explain inheritance. Additive as well as Dominant genetic effects were highly significant in both the crosses, for the Days for 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Number of tillers per plant, Number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant, Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) and Membrane injury index. The epistatic gene interactions (i, j and l) for Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) was highly significant. Additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance was observed in both the crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in both the crosses for days to maturity, plant height, grain yield per plant, chlorophyll stability index (CSI) and membrane injury index.

For voltage stability assessment at a given operating point, various types of voltage stability indices (VSIs) have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, the voltage stability assessment of an IEEE-14 bus system is done for performance comparison of different types of VSIs available, under certain critical and practical stressed operating conditions (SOCs). The performance comparison of various VSIs under the considered SOCs is not reported in the literature. Such SOCs include the combinational occurrence of – variation in inductive loading, single line to ground (SLG) fault and effect of one generation unit tripped. These SOCs are the prime cause of voltage collapse of any node/line. The results show the performance of various VSIs with respect to line number, contingency ranking of the line, power margin, effects of loading and SLG fault. These VSIs are also instrumental in critical line and node analysis (CLNA) which is useful in the choice of proper location for reactive power compensation required. The simulated results provide the best performing VSI for accurate prediction of voltage instability under any considered SOC. This information is essential for voltage stability assessment of a particular line under multiple causes of voltage collapse.

The article shows the procedure for determining the values of the stability index of hydraulic structures (earth dams). An approach to the creation of an engineering methodology for carrying out operational calculations for predicting the state of an earth dam under the influence of known characteristics of damaging factors of rapidly developing dangerous natural phenomena and man-made processes is presented. One of the directions of application of the proposed approach is shown — the definition of rational parameters for the protection of hydraulic structures and the development of a plan of measures to achieve them.