Search

Two new Mycale (Naviculiiia) Gray, 1867 are described, M. (N.) arcuiris sp. n. and M. (N.)purpurata sp. n., from the Paulista Biogeographic Province (Southwestern Atlantic). They both occur in the São Sebastião Channel area (São Paulo stale coast), the former extending its known distribution to "Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve" (Santa Catarina state coast). The new species are sibling and differ from each other by a series of very small traits, the most notorious being live-color: yellow, orange, green, white, grey and beige, always light, in M. (N.) arcuiris sp. n. and bordeaux in M. (N.) purpúrala sp. n. Both species are compared with other known M. (Naviculiiia). Mycale (Aegogropila) henlscheli Sim & Lee, 2001 is transferred to subgenus Naviculiiia and given a new name, viz. M. (N.) chungue nom. n., as the specific name was preoccupied by M. (Curmia) henlscheli Bergquist & Fromont, 1988. An identification key for all the species hitherto assigned to the subgenus is provided.

Hartman (1965) described a nereidid species, Namalycastis profundus[sic], based on a deep-sea specimen collected from off Bermuda (1000 m deep) in the NW Atlantic. Although Hartman (1965) did not mention its etymology, the specific name is believed to be derived from the Latin adjective “profund-” meaning “deep.” Because Namalycastis is feminine in gender (Glasby et al. 2016), the original specific name as masculine was incorrect and must be corrected to N. profunda for mandatory gender agreement under Articles 31.2 and 34.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter, “the Code”) (International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature 1999).

Name signs have existed in Greek Deaf culture since antiquity. However, little is known about Greek Sign Language (GSL) and the Greek Deaf community. Based on interviews with 200 people, the phonological characteristics of Greek name signs are described, as well as the frequency of occurrence of specific name signs and the influence of spoken Greek. Comparisons are made with American Sign Language and the naming process in general Greek culture. The Greek Deaf community uses both types of name signs, descriptive name signs (DNS) and arbitrary name signs (ANS). The most popular form of naming uses the DNS process. Name signs are not passed down within families but are assigned by members of the Deaf community or by Deaf peers in the educational setting. Once a name sign has been assigned it stays with the recipient, usually for life. Traditionally, most name signs describe personal characteristics, but with many hearing people now learning GSL, initialized signs are appearing. Whether the Greek Deaf community will accept this practice remains uncertain.

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.6 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) for a common African species of dung beetle (also known as Onthophagus gazella) that was successfully introduced into multiple areas all over the world. The species is of high economic importance as it is used as a biological control agent of pest flies and provides ecological services through the rapid burial of cattle dung. Scarabaeus gazella Fabricius, 1787 is a junior synonym of Scarabaeus catta Fabricius, 1787, now known as Digitonthophagus catta. If the principle of priority is applied, the name of the widely distributed species, would be Scarabaeus dorcasOlivier, 1789, a name that has been considered a junior synonym of Scarabaeus gazella/Scarabaeus catta since 1833. We propose to conserve the name Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) for the widely introduced species through the designation of a neotype from voucher material of the original introduction into Hawaii. All feedback received from colleagues was supportive for the proposed designation of a neotype in order to maintain prevailing usage of the name D. gazella.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is toconserve the widely used specific name Metochus abbreviatus Scott, 1874, for a speciesof rhyparochromid bugs from East Asia. The name is threatened by the senior subjectivesynonym Rhyparochromus erosus Walker, 1872, which has seldom been used since itsfirst publication. Therefore, precedence of the name Metochus abbreviatus Scott, 1874,is proposed. Fil: Rédei, Dávid. Nankai University; China Fil: Kondorosy, Elod. University of Pannonia; Hungría Fil: Ishikawa, Tadashi. Tokyo University of Agriculture; Japón Fil: Aukema, Berend. Nobelweg 54; Países Bajos Fil: Brailovsky, Harry. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Carapezza, Attilio. University of Palermo; Italia Fil: Deckert, Jürgen. Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity; Alemania Fil: Dellapé, Pablo Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina Fil: Gao, Cuiqing. Nanjing Forestry University; China Fil: Henry, Thomas J.. Smithsonian Institution; Estados Unidos Fil: Jung, Sunghoon. Chungnam National University; Corea del Sur Fil: Kment, Petr. National Museum; República Checa Fil: Malipatil, Mallik. AgriBio; Australia Fil: O'Donnell, Jane. University of Connecticut; Estados Unidos Fil: Scudder, Geoffrey G.E.. University of British Columbia; Canadá Fil: Tomokuni, Masaaki. National Museum of Nature and Science; Japón Fil: Tsai, Jing-Fu. National Museum of Natural Science; República de China

The purpose of this application, under Article 19.2, is to conserve the widely used specific name Lema decempunctata Gebler, 1829. In the original publication, the printed name clearly reads “L. ropunctata”. Nearly all subsequent taxonomists have interpreted this spelling as an error of the typesetter and have used the epithet decempunctata instead. Therefore, the Commission is requested to rule under the plenary power that decempunctata should be regarded the original spelling with Gebler, 1829 as the original author.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Bolitophagus cornutus Fabricius, 1801 (currently Bolitotherus cornutus) for a common and well-known North American darkling beetle by giving it precedence over its senior synonym Opatrum bifurcum Fabricius, 1798.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of the well-known species Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1849), a common marine gastropod from southern New Zealand and Macquarie Island. The name is threatened by the senior subjective synonym Trochus episcopus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848 which has been mentioned very rarely since its first publication. Precedence of the name Trochus capillaceus Philippi, 1849 over Trochus episcopus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848 is proposed.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.5 of the Code, is to conserve the specific names Scarabaeus ferrugineus Olivier, 1789 (currently Metacatharsius ferrugineus) (Scarabaeidae) and Scarabaeus ferrugineus Palisot de Beauvois, 1809 (currently Bradycinetulus ferrugineus) (Geotrupidae). Although Scarabaeus ferrugineus Olivier, 1789 and Scarabaeus ferrugineus Palisot de Beauvois, 1809 are primary homonyms, they have not been treated as congeneric for almost 180 years and were both transferred out of the genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus, 1758 by 1845. Both names have been treated as valid since they were proposed. It is proposed that Scarabaeus ferrugineus Palisot de Beauvois, 1809 be conserved by ruling that it is not invalid by reason of being a junior homonym of Scarabaeus ferrugineus Olivier, 1789.

A new species of clausophyid siphonophore, Kephyes hiulcus sp. nov. is described. It can most easily be differentiated from its congener Kephyes ovata by the shape of the hydroecium in the anterior nectophore of the polygastric stage. This is open over the entire height of the nectophore in K. hiulcus sp. nov., and it is this character from which its specific name is derived. This species was found in the eastern and western Pacific Ocean, as well as the Celebes and Mediterranean Seas, indicating that this species is both relatively common and geographically widespread.

Retrieving a specific name is sometimes difficult and can be even harder when pathology affects the temporal lobes. Word finding difficulties have been well documented in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) but analyses have mostly concentrated on the study of accuracy. Our aim here was to go beyond simple accuracy and to provide both a quantitative and a qualitative assessment of naming difficulties and latencies in patients with TLE.Thirty-two patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (16 with epilepsy affecting the cerebral hemisphere dominant for language (D-TLE) and 16 with epilepsy affecting the cerebral hemisphere non-dominant for language (ND-TLE)) and 34 healthy matched control subjects were included in the study. The experiment involved naming 70 photographs of objects and 70 photographs of celebrities as fast as possible. Accuracy and naming reaction times were recorded. Following each trial, a questionnaire was used to determine the specific nature of each subject's difficulty in retrieving the name (e.g., no difficulty, paraphasia, tip of the tongue, feeling of knowing the name, etc). Reaction times were analysed both across subjects and across trials.D-TLE patients showed consistent and quasi-systematic impairment compared to matched control subjects on both object and famous people naming. This impairment was characterized not only by lower accuracy but also by more qualitative errors and tip of the tongue phenomena. Furthermore, minimum reaction times were slowed down by about 70 ms for objects and 150 ms for famous people naming. In contrast, patients with ND-TLE were less impaired, and their impairment was limited to object naming.These results suggest that patients with TLE, in particular D-TLE, show a general impairment of lexical access. Furthermore, there was evidence of subtle difficulties (increased reaction times) in patients with TLE.

Publisher Summary The members of the genus Pasteurella are: Gram-negative ovoid rods, exhibiting bipolar staining, with slight biochemical activity, and pathogenic to man and animals. Members of this genus are responsible for a condition known as “haemorrhagic septicaemia” in a large number of animals and birds. A specific name has been given to each of the various organisms according to the animal from which they were isolated. There is little justification for such a system of classification and nomenclature. These organisms are related, and, as a precise method for their differentiation is not at present available, it would appear to be most convenient to consider them as members of one species, Past, septica. One member of this genus, Past, pestis or the plague bacillus, is pathogenic in man. Organisms of the haemorrhagic septicaemia group are common pathogens in most laboratory animals, producing a variety of lesions, and consequently they might be a source of irregularities in animal inoculation experiments.

The present paper deals with a new species of Simulium (Simulium) from Leigongshan, Guizhou province, S. (S.) qianense sp. nov. The specific name was given in the place of production. On the basis of the morphological characters, the new species (S.) qianense sp. nov evidently falls into S. variegatum species-group, is most similar to S. (S.) taiwanicum, 1979, but can be distinguished from the latter by the characteristic pattern of scutum and legs color in the both sexes, the shape of male geritalia and several characters in the larva. The type specimens are kept in the Department of Biology of the Guiyang Medical College.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Salmo formosanus Jordan & Oshima, 1919 (currently Oncorhynchus formosanus) for an endemic landlocked salmon in Taiwan. The older name Salmo saramao Jordan & Oshima in Oshima, 1919 is a senior subjective synonym of S. formosanus, but has not been catalogued or used since it was described. The suppression of S. saramao is therefore proposed to conserve the name S. formosanus.

Four stomatopod species described in the 18th century, the names of which have not or not consistently been used in modern literature, are now identified. The name Astacus vitreus Fabricius, 1775 (fam. Lysiosquillidae), is a senior synonym of the well-known and widely used name Lysiosquilla scabricauda (Lamarck, 1818). As the reintroduction of the specific name vitrea will cause an undesirable confusion, it is advised to have this specific name suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in order to save the name scabricauda. The other three names Squilla phalangium Fabricius, 1798 (fam. Nannosquillidae), S. ichneumon Fabricius, 1798, and Cancer neptuni Linnaeus, 1768 (both fam. Squillidae), are senior synonyms of respectively Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus (Claus, 1871), Cloridina microphthalma (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) and Alima alba (Bigelow, 1893). As neither of the three species is common or well known, there is no reason not to follow the International Code strictly here. For each of the three a neotype has been ,selected.

The systematic status of the ground agamids (conventional) Trapelus ruderatus and Trapelus persicus is re-evaluated based on material collected by the author on the Iranian Plateau and material from various museum collections, including the type specimens of Trapelus ruderatus (Olivier), T. megalonyx Günther, T. lessonae (De Filippi), T. persicus (Blanford) and T. ruderatus baluchianus (Smith). In conclusion, the holotype of Trapelus ruderatus is a subadult (conventional) T. persicus and that of T. lessonae is a typical (conventional) T. ruderatus ruderatus. Furthermore, T. megalonyx is a well-established species and T. r. baluchianus is not a valid taxonomic entity, being a junior synonym of T. megalonyx. So, some major nomenclatural changes are inevitable: Since T. lessonae is the oldest available name, it is revived for all populations of the (conventional) T. r. ruderatus, and the specific name “ruderatus” is, in turn, assigned for all populations of the (conventional) T. persicus (because of priority). Thus, the specific name “persicus” comes under the synonymy of “ruderatus” and is no longer available.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.5 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of the heteropod Atlanta inflata Gray, 1850 (atlantidae), originally published as a primary homonym of the pteropod Atlanta inflata d'Orbigny, 1836 (usually cited as Limacina inflata, currently Heliconoides inflata) (limacinidae). Both names are in use and have not been considered congeneric since the 19th century. We propose to conserve the name Atlanta inflata Gray, 1850 by ruling that the name is not invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym.

Taxonomic studies over the last decade have consistently indicated that the cosmopolitan status of Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767 is unjustified. A previous morphological survey (Kupriyanova & Rzhavsky 1993) has documented that Serpula columbiana Johnson, 1901 from the Russian Far-Eastern Seas is distinct from Serpula vermicularis from the Norwegian Sea. As a result, the older name, of S. columbiana was re-established for the Russian Far-Eastern population, thereby separating it from synonymy with S. vermicularis. The purpose of the present study was to verify the identity of the Serpula species from the Russian Far-East with Serpula columbiana s. str. Johnson, 1901 that was originally described from the North American Pacific coast. It is shown that at least three regionally distributed species were previously confused under the specific name Serpula vermicularis: S. Vermicularis s. str. (Norwegian Sea), S. columbiana (West coast of USA), and S. sp. A (Russian coast of the Sea of Japan). Th...

This third in a series of checklists of Japanese Trichoptera deals with 1 species of Limnocentropodidae, 2 species (1 genus) of Phryganopsychidae, 15 species (6 genera) of Phryganeidae, 15 species (3 genera) of Brachycentridae and 20 species (4 genera) of Apataniidae. We recogneized Apatania momoyaensis KOBAYASHI and Moropsyche higoana KOBAYASHI as valid names from original descriptions. In Phryganeidae, we suggest three taxonomic problems: 1) the larva of an unnamed 'species' of Agrypnia is not identifiable as species ; 2) the description of Oligotricha kawamurai (IWATA) was based only on the larval stage and is insufficient for specific identification ; 3) it should be confirmed whether Neuronia maxima (IWATA) is a junior synonym of Eubasilissa regina (MCLACHLAN) or that of Semblis melaleuca (MCLACHLAN). In Brachycentridae, five taxonomic problems remain : 1) since Brachycentrus japonicus (IWATA) and three 'species' of Brachycentrus or Micrasema separated with tentative alphabetic designations were described only from larval specimens, the associations of their larval and adult stages should be established ; 2) description of Eobrachycentrus oharensis (IWATA) described only larva, which is insufficient for species identification ; 3) the description of Eobrachycentrus kitayamanus (TSUDA) is insufficient to confirm the species ; 4) a 'species' of Micrasema with a tentative alphabetic designation recorded from Honshu has not yet been provided a specific name, although male genitalia were illustrated ; 5) a few 'species' of Micrasema recorded from Honshu are not identifiable as species ; 6) some undescribed species have been collected in Japan. In Apataniidae, two taxonomic problems remain : 1) the larvae of two 'species' of Apatania and Moropsyche with tentative alphabetic designations and two unnamed 'species' of Apatania are not identifiable as species ; 2) many undescribed species have been collected in Japan.

The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3 and 81 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Pomachilius variegatus Schwarz, 1904 (Insecta, Coleoptera, elateridae) by suppression of the name Aeolus variegatus Curtis, 1839 a senior secondary homonym, and a subjective junior synonym of Pomachilius subfasciatus (Germar, 1824). Stability of taxonomy and nomenclature would best be served by suppressing the senior homonym.

Summary An amoeba species isolated from a freshwater lake in North-Western Russia was determined to be Amoeba annulata Penard, 1902. Based on the characteristic features of locomotive morphology and ultrastructure it was transferred into the genus Polychaos as P. annulatum Penard, 1902 comb, nov. Detailed analysis of descriptions of similar species (Polychaos fasciculatum and Matachaos gratum) leads us to the conclusion that all three species mentioned above are similar but different species, distinguishable only based on a complex of characteristic features. The original description of Amoeba hyalobates Penard, 1902 is incomplete and it is proposed to consider this specific name as nomen dubium. Thus, the proposition by Siemensma (1987) to consider the four species names mentioned above as synonyms cannot be accepted.

Kolpochoerus limnetes is the name widely used for an abundant suid in East African Plio-Pleistocene deposits. A recent publication ( Pickford 1994 ) suggests that the holotype of “ Sus limnetes ” from Kaiso could be a Nyanzachoere and proposes that this specific name should be restricted to the Type specimen and also that the other East Africa fossils be given the prior name of Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides . It is shown here that, although the Kaiso Type specimen is morphologically compatible with Kolpochoerus , this single tooth is now an unsatisfactory type specimen in view of the questionable stratigraphic source indicated by the preservation colour. Accordingly the name should be restricted only to that specimen as Pickford suggests. The use of the specific name phacochoeroides is inappropriate as Geraads (1993) has demonstrated that collections from Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco, belong to the North African K. phacochoeroides and are clearly different from the East African species. Accordingly the East African material is best referred in future to K. heseloni . Based on Geraads evaluation of other species and reconsideration of the material, it is proposed here that the Hadar species described as Kolpochoerus afarensis should now be placed in Potamochoerus as P. afarensis .

Hemilepistus Budde-Lund, 1879 is a well known genus of terrestrial isopods, and a quite extensive literature has been published about its biology. Often the date of publication is given as 1885, as Budde-Lund (1885: 151) was the first to give an extensive description of the genus. However, in an earlier publication, Budde-Lund (1879: 4) mentioned the genus Hemilepistus in a simple list without a description, but with a number of species (only mentioned by name) assigned to it. According to Art. 12.2.5 of the latest (4th) edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999: 16), the use before 1931 of one or more available specific names in combination with a new generic name has to be considered an indication, which makes the generic name available. The correct date of publication of the generic name Hemilepistus thus is 1879, not 1885. Its type species is Porcellio klugii Brandt, 1833, being first selected as such by Budde-Lund (1908: 281). More complicated is the situation with the specific name reaumurii. The species, at present best known as Hemilepistus reaumurii, was first (very well) figured by M. J. C. Savigny (1826) on Crust, pi. 13 fig. 4 of the zoology volume of the well known work "Description de l'Egypte". Due to Savigny's illness, the explanation of the crustacean plates was assigned to Victor Audouin. The date of Audouin's contribution is fixed in Opinion 1461 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1987, Bull. zool. Nomencl., 44: 219-220) as 1826. Audouin, 1826 (sometimes incorrectly cited as Audouin, 1825 or as Audouin & Savigny, 1826) was the first to discuss the species, but an examination of his text shows that he did not give it a scientific name. Referring to the species figured

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848, for a widely distributed species of Amazonian turtle (family podocnemididae) of both economic and conservation importance, by giving it precedence over its infrequently used senior synonym Podocnemis cayennensis (Schweigger, 1812). This species, the Yellow-spotted River Turtle, has long been referred to as P. unifilis by the IUCN Red List and CITES, as well as in at least 200 scientific publications over more than a century, whereas the name P. cayennensis has only been applied to this species in very few recent publications. Prior to 1974, the name cayennensis had usually been used incorrectly for another species, the Red-headed River Turtle, Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824), as noted and corrected by Mittermeier & Wilson (1974) and Pritchard & Trebbau (1984). The conservation of the binomen P. unifilis will stabilize the use of a name that has been in ge...

The salt-spray fern found in coastal locations of New Zealand, formerly known as Blechnum banksii, is conspecific with the species that occurs on the coast of Chile, where it has been referred to as B. blechnoides and B. leyboldtianum. The specific name blechnoides takes precedence.

The Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) picture set was standardized for a Spanish sample (N = 261). The present article shows the main results, but more explicitly, it shows the differences between English and Spanish data. This evidence justifies the statement that normative data of cognitive stimuli cannot be taken into another language directly, because object names that are very common in one language may not be so in another, or objects that have a specific name in one language may have a generic name in another, and so on. Finally, because of the potential usefulness of the data for bilingualism studies, the Spanish data are presented jointly with the English data.

The species of the genus Ontherus, endemic to Latin America, are revised. A key in English and Spanish for the identification of adults of the 58 recognized species is provided. Three subgenera are recognized (Caelontherus nov., Planontherus nov. and Ontherus s.str.). The following 29 species are described as new: O. hadros, O. magnus, O. gilli, O. ashei, O. politus, O. sanctaemartae, O. tenuistriatus, O. obliquus, O. howdeni, O. diabolicus, O. pilatus, O. sextuberculatus, O. lunicollis, O. monilistriatus, O. pseudodidymus, O. rectus, O. pubens, O. ulcopygus, O. cambeforti, O. raptor, O. planus, O. edentulus, O. rectangulidens, O. lobifrons, O. androgynus, O. amplector, O. atlantidis, O. insolitus, O. stridulator. The following new synonymies are proposed (the first specific name being valid): O. kirschii Harold = O. elongatus Waterhouse; O. alexis (Blanchard) = O. didymus Erichson = O. glaucinus Erichson = O. nevinsoni Waterhouse; O. incisus (Kirsch) = O. thoracicus Waterhouse; O. azteca Harold = O. villosus Luederwaldt = O. strius Howden and Young; O. cephalotes Harold = O. quadrituberculatus Luederwaldt. The variety O. zikani var. carinicollis Luederwaldt is now recognized as a valid species. Species are arranged into groups according to their phylogenetic relationship, with a brief diagnosis given for each of the 11 groups of species. The following information is given for each species, when appropriate: detailed literature review, synonymy, description or redescription, illustration of important morphological characters, data of material studied, and geographic distribution.

[The status of Typhis rapax H. Milne Edwards, 1830, has been uncertain due to the brief original description and lack of illustrations. Stephensen (1925) having examined a specimen labeled T. rapax, presumably from the collection of Milne Edwards, determined that it was the same as Hemityphis tenuimanus Claus, 1879. This synonymy has been accepted by most subsequent authors who have used the older specific name of T. rapax for the species described by Claus. However, I have recently examined syntype material of T. rapax in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and it is clearly the same as Parapronoe crustulum Claus, 1879. The true identity of Typhis rapax Milne Edwards, 1830, is therefore quite different from what was previously thought., The status of Typhis rapax H. Milne Edwards, 1830, has been uncertain due to the brief original description and lack of illustrations. Stephensen (1925) having examined a specimen labeled T. rapax, presumably from the collection of Milne Edwards, determined that it was the same as Hemityphis tenuimanus Claus, 1879. This synonymy has been accepted by most subsequent authors who have used the older specific name of T. rapax for the species described by Claus. However, I have recently examined syntype material of T. rapax in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and it is clearly the same as Parapronoe crustulum Claus, 1879. The true identity of Typhis rapax Milne Edwards, 1830, is therefore quite different from what was previously thought.]