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To explore the influence of human-oriented nursing mode on the self-care ability, unhealthy emotion and quality of life of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 147 patients with BPH admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to August 2019 were selected and all patients were separated into two groups on the basis of the nursing intervention mode. 77 cases in the research group (RG) were given the human-oriented nursing mode and 70 cases in the control group (CG) were given the conventional nursing mode. The bladder irrigation time (BIT), indwelling catheter time (ICT), postoperative hospitalization time (PHT) and the incidence rate of postoperative complications were observed in the two groups after nursing intervention. Before and after nursing intervention, the self-care ability of patients was evaluated in the two groups by Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA). In the two groups, the anxiety and depression status were evaluated by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The Quality of Life Scale for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patient (BPHQLS) was applied to evaluate the quality of life in both groups before and after nursing intervention. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was used to assess the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of patients in the two groups before and after nursing intervention. The self-made nursing satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the nursing satisfaction in the two groups. The BIT, ICT and PHT in RG after nursing intervention were obviously lower than those in CG, and the incidence of postoperative complications in RG was also obviously lower than that in CG (p < 0.05). The ESCA score of patients in RG after nursing intervention was significantly higher than that in CG (P < 0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of patients in RG after nursing intervention were significantly lower than those in CG (P < 0.05). The BPHQLS score in RG after nursing intervention was obviously higher than that in CG (P < 0.05). The IPSS score of patients in RG after nursing intervention was obviously lower than that in CG (p < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction score in RG after nursing intervention was obviously higher than that in CG (p < 0.05).Condusion: The application effect of the human-oriented nursing mode on patients with BPH is definite, which can improve self-care ability, unhealthy emotion and effectively ameliorate the quality of life.

To explore the influence mechanism of La doping on the arc erosion resistance of Ag/SnO2 contact materials, SnO2 and La-doped SnO2 are prepared by a chemical coprecipitation method, and then Ag/SnO2 and La-doped Ag/SnO2 contact materials are prepared by a powder metallurgy process. The microstructures and phase structures of the Ag/SnO2 and La-doped Ag/SnO2 contact materials before and after arc erosion are analyzed. A laser-simulated arc is used as the experimental arc to explore the micromorphology and physicochemical properties of SnO2 and La-doped SnO2 after laser-simulated arc erosion. The results show that the density, hardness and conductivity of the La-doped Ag/SnO2 contact material all increase first and then decrease with an increasing La content, reaching their highest values at a La/Sn molar ratio of approximately 0.25. La doping improves the dispersion of SnO2 in the Ag matrix and reduces the mass loss of the La-doped Ag/SnO2 contact material during the arc erosion process. Under the action of a laser-simulated arc, although both parts of the SnO2 and La-doped SnO2 transform into SnO, most of the SnO2 sample forms large aggregates, while the La-doped SnO2 sample forms small, spherical particles that are well dispersed. Finally, a mechanism is proposed whereby La doping enhances the arc erosion resistance of Ag/SnO2 contact materials.

It is highly desired to enhance charge separation and O

A self-assembled quantum dot (QD) gain medium has multiple favorable material properties over conventional quantum well (QW) structures and bulk materials, including a large tolerance for material defects, reduced reflection sensitivity, nearly zero linewidth enhancement factor, low transparency current density, high temperature operation, and ultrafast gain dynamics useful for semiconductor mode-locked lasers and amplifiers. Here, we review the recent advances in the field of QD lasers and amplifiers with a focus on the direct growth on silicon (Si). Si photonics has found widespread application, particularly for high volume applications and for co-integration with CMOS electronics.

The determination of lactic acid content has a guiding significance for disease diagnosis or food supervision. Herein, a hydrogel-based three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) sensor for specific detection of lactic acid is introduced. The hydrogel was prepared by one-step copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide in the presence of oxamate derivative 2-((6-acrylamidohexyl) amino)-2-oxoacetic acid (AOA). An obvious color change from orange-red to purple and a 45-nm redshift of the reflection peak were obtained in 3 min when lactic acid concentration increased from 0 to 20 mM. The detection limit was confirmed as 0.1 mM, and the prepared sensor can be reused more than 20 times. Moreover, the affinity and selectivity of AOA to lactic acid were proven by both the interaction energy from density functional theory (DFT) study and the comparison to those of pyruvate and propionic acid. This sensor was proven to be cost-effective and convenient with rapid response time, good reusability, and selectivity.

The vertical slot fishway is one of the most widely used fishways in the world. To solve the problems of long passage time and low passage rate of fish passing objects in the conventional vertical slot fishway, this study proposed a method of configuring local colors in the internal sidewall of the fishway pond to improve the vertical slot fishway based on the approach-avoidance effect of fishes on different colors. Taking Schizothorax prenanti as the research object, comparative fish passing experiments were carried out to analyze the effects of configuring local colors on the passage behavior. It has been found that green and yellow are the approach and repellent colors for Schizothorax prenanti, respectively. By configuring local colors of the guide wall and partition wall at the upstream and downstream of the pond, the passage track of Schizothorax prenanti was significantly changed, which in turn affected their passage time and passage rate. The configuration of local green to the guide wall and partition wall on the upstream negative side, and local yellow to the sidewall of the guide wall on the upstream negative side, the guide wall on the downstream positive side, and the partition wall on the downstream positive side can shorten the overall passage time of Schizothorax prenanti by 9 % and increase the passage rate by 23 %. Compared with the scheme that completely depends on the flow conditions to change the structure of the pond, the method of configuring local colors in the pond is an improved method combining fish ethology and hydraulics. The scheme of local color configuration significantly shortens the passage time and passage rate of fish passing objects in the vertical slot fishway, and can be applied to the fishway design and the improvement of operation effect, which has a certain practical application value.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. m7G methylation have been widely confirmed as a major mechanism for tumor initiation and progression and affecting implications for regulation and tumorigenesis. Therefore, discussions on m7G methylation would demonstrate the value of discussions. Method In this study, we downloaded the mRNA expression profifiles and corresponding clinical data of HCC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was utilized to construct m7G methylation’gene signature. Based on these, we established the nomograms for prognosis prediction and validated the model in the GSE72094 dataset. The cell type was identifified using the CIBERSORT algorithm for estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts, which was then used to screen signifificant tumor immune-infifiltrating cells associated with the HCC prognosis prediction model. Results The univariate COX regression analysis showed that 15 genes were associated with the overall survival (OS) as prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR 7G methylationgene signature can be used for prognostic prediction in HCC. Targeting m7G could become an option for the treatment of HCC.

The mercury re-emission characteristics and inhibition effect of sodium dithiocarbamate (DTCR) on mercury re-emission in a simulated desulfurization slurry were investigated. The effects of the des...

To reveal the effects of ultralow-emission (ULE) retrofitting on mercury emission from coal-fired power plants, the migration and transformation of mercury in the same coal-fired unit before and af...

Silicon photonics has been regarded as a promising technology for future small-footprint, low-cost and low-power 400-Gbit/s datacenter interconnects (DCIs). In this work, for the first time, we report an experimental demonstration of a single-wavelength, single-polarization 160-Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) employing a single integrated silicon carrier-depletion micro-ring modulator (MRM). The measured bit-error rates (BERs) for the back-to-back (BTB) and after 1-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission are 1.36E–3 and 2.12E–3, respectively, all below the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) coding limit with 7% overhead. A data rate of up to 170 Gbit/s with a BER lower than the HD-FEC limit is demonstrated for the BTB transmission.

Drought is one of the most severe environmental stressors hampering maize (Zea mays L.) production worldwide. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanisms underpinning maize drought tolerance is critical for guiding drought resistance breeding and ensuring global food security. Herein, we performed a data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics-based comparative analysis of the proteome responses of two contrasting maize hybrids (drought-tolerant NongDan 476 and drought-sensitive ZhongXin 978) exposed to 12 days of water-deficit (drought) treatment at the kernel filling stage. Resultantly, our DIA-based analysis approach identified a total of 826 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), among which 7 DAPs were specifically accumulated in tolerant genotype ND 476 under drought treatment conditions. Moreover, our results showed that there were significant differences in drought stress responses between the two hybrids at the proteomic level. Predominantly, our analysis revealed that maize drought tolerance is attributed to some key proteins such as chaperones, DNA replication related enzymes, vicilin and ABA-responsive RAB17 protein, participating in several metabolic networks including starch and sucrose metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, cyanoamino acid metabolism and carbon metabolism pathways. Our findings provide further insights into the drought stress tolerance mechanisms in maize at the grain filling period, in addition to useful reference data for maize drought resistance breeding.

Drought is a major abiotic stress factor that affects the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) during the grain filling period. Therefore, it is critical to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying maize drought stress tolerance. To analyze the characteristics and functions of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in response to drought stress during the maize kernel-filling stage, here, two maize hybrid varieties with contrasting drought tolerance (tolerant ND476 and sensitive ZX978) were subjected to water sufficient (control) and water deficit (drought) treatment conditions for 12 days at the grain filling stage. Physiological assays and leaf proteome analysis were performed. We conducted iTRAQ analysis on 12 samples from 4 groups and obtained 1,655 DAPs. Amongst these, five essential sets of drought responsive DAPs were identified by bioinformatics techniques. Four significantly enriched metabolic pathways were identified in ND476, which were shown to be associated with the ribosome, metabolic, basal transcription factors and photosynthesis pathways. Further, the phenotypic characterization and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed our iTRAQ sequencing data. Remarkably, significantly higher drought tolerance of ND476 may be attributed to the following responses: (a) oxidoreductase, peroxidase and hydrolytic enzyme activities to promote cell redox homeostasis maintenance; (b) elevated expression of stress defense proteins; and (c) reduced synthesis of redundant proteins in order to help plants preserve energy to fight drought stress. In conclusion, these results offer more insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying maize drought tolerance at the grain filling stage and can be a foundational basis for molecular breeding of drought tolerant maize varieties.

Activation and selective functionalization of inert C(sp

Objective. To see if 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging paired with MR diffusion imaging can help doctors diagnose bone metastases. Methods. From September 2020 to December 2021, a total of 30 individuals with probable bone metastases were recruited for the trial. With an average interval of four days, MAGNETIC resonance whole-body diffusion imaging (MR whole-body diffusion imaging) was performed on each of the 30 patients who had 18F-FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax values of the group with bone metastases were compared to those of the group without bone metastases. In this study, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, MR whole-body diffusion imaging, and their combination were examined. The researchers compared the results when 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, whole-body MRI diffusion scans, and their combination indicated abnormal bone lesions. By comparing the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, MR whole-body diffusion imaging, and their combination, as well as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the three techniques for diagnosing bone metastases will be evaluated for diagnostic usefulness. Results: the SUV max values of patients with bone metastases were significantly different from those of patients without bone metastases, as determined by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging ( P

In the zero-discharge treatment processes of high-salt wastewater, calcium ions, magnesium ions and silica can lead to scaling problems in membrane equipment and pipelines. When fouling is difficult to remove completely, it eventually leads to deterioration in the performance of the wastewater treatment system. In order to ensure the long-term stable operation of the zero-discharge process for high-salt wastewater, hardness and silica must be effectively removed in the pre-treatment section of high-salt wastewater. In addition, the current zero-discharge pre-treatment process for high-salt wastewater has disadvantages, such as long processes, poor system stability, large floor space and high operating costs. In response to the above problems, this paper designs and processes an integrated dosing coagulation-tubular microfiltration process for hardness and silica removal based on dosing coagulation experiments with high-salt wastewater from a typical coal-chemical plant, and conducts the tests of wastewater hardness and silica removal. In the experiment, the removal rate of calcium ions, magnesium ions and total silicon were close to 90%, the turbidity of the effluent was less than 1NTU, all suspended solids (SS) were removed, and the recovery rate of wastewater was close to 100%.

Pasteurella multocida is a leading cause of respiratory disorders in pigs. This study was designed to understand the genotypical and antimicrobial resistant characteristics of P. multocida from pigs in China. To achieve this, we briefly investigated 158 P. multocida isolates from pigs with respiratory disorders in China between 2019 and 2020. Genotyping through multiplex PCR assays assigned these 158 isolates into capsular genotypes A (60.13%, 95/158), D (35.44%, 56/158), F (4.43%, 7/158), and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes L3 (28.48%, 45/158) and L6 (66.46%, 105/158). In addition, eight isolates (5.06%, 8/158) were found to be nontypable using the LPS genotyping method. When combining the capsular genotypes and the LPS genotypes, D: L6 (34.81%, 55/158) and A: L6 (31.65%, 50/158) were the predominant genotypes, followed by A: L3 (24.05%, 38/158). PCR detection of virulence factor-encoding genes showed that over 80% of the isolates were positive for exbB, tonB, exbD, ompH, ptfA, fimA, sodA, sodC, fur, ompA, oma87, plpB, hsf-2, nanH and hgbB, suggesting the presence of these genes were broad characteristics of P. multocida. We also found approximately 63.92% (101/158), 51.27% (81/158), 8.86% (14/158), 7.59% (12/158), 3.16% (5/158), 0.63% (1/158), and 0.63% (1/158) of the isolates grew well in media with the presence of colistin (4 μg/mL), tetracycline (16 μg/mL), tigecycline (1 μg/mL), ampicillin (32 μg/mL), chloramphenicol (32 μg/mL), cefepime (16 μg/mL), and ciprofloxacin (1 μg/mL), respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of P. multocida currently circulation in pigs of China.

Photoperiodism is a vital environmental factor that regulates the growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Here, we examined how different photoperiods (0L: 24D, 8L: 16D, 12L: 12D, 16L: 8D, 24L: 0D) with a full spectrum LED, influence growth, feeding, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes in juvenile European Sea Bass (Dicentrachus labrax L.). Specifically, a total of 300 fishes (body length: 13.5 ± 0.54 cm, bodyweight: 45 ± 5.3 g) were randomly divided into 5 different light treatment groups. Sampling and analysis were conducted after 60 days of the experiment. Results revealed significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily growth index in the 8L: 16D group, relative to 0L: 24D and 24L: 0D. Conversely, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in 8L: 16D, 12L: 12D, and 16L: 8D treatments than in 24L: 0D and 0L: 24D. Additionally, activities of intestinal amylase (AMS) lipase (LPS) pepsin (PPS) and trypsin (TPS) in the stomach were significantly higher in the 8L: 16D, relative to the other treatment groups. Gills of juveniles exposed to 0L: 24D recorded significantly higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, compared to those in the other groups. Regarding the dorsal muscle, a significantly higher CAT activity was recorded under 0L: 24D light than the other light photoperiods. Moreover, kidneys of juveniles exposed to 24L: 0D recorded the highest CAT and SOD activity. In summary, 8L: 16D, 12L: 12D, and 16L: 8D light photoperiods increased the digestive enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced growth in fish, despite long-term exposure to light or darkness being unsuitable. These findings indicate that light and dark combinations are more conducive for culturing sea bass, with the 8L: 16D regime being the optimal photoperiod for the growth of juveniles.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of clinical Pasteurella multocida strain HuN001, which was cultured from a sputum sample from a patient with pneumonia. Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing provided a complete genome sequence of P. multocida HuN001, which contains a 2,287,216-bp circular chromosome with an average G+C content of 40.33%.

Cinnamomi Cortex (CC) is the dried bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. Modern pharmacological research shows that CC can be used to treat diabetes, breast cancer, leukemia and other diseases. It has been used for more than 2000 years in China, mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and Fujian. In this paper, the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and other aspects of CC are summarized. We hope to provide convenience for the further exploration and development of CC. There are more than 300 components isolated from CC including essential oils, polyphenols, diterpenes and sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, polysaccharides and others. Pharmacological studies show that CC has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, neuroprotection and so on. It shows that CC has great potential to develop into a cheap, low-toxicity and highly-efficient natural therapeutic drug. However, there is still a long way to go for research of CC, although great progress has been made. For instance, clinical practices for CC recorded in traditional medicine books need to be paid more attention. Present achievements are still not enough to clearly explain the mechanism for some diseases. New skeletons and new drugs will be required to be discovered, so that the potential of CC can be brought into full play.

A three-fold reduction of threshold current, with a minimum threshold current density of 286 A/cm 2 , a maximum operating temperature of 80 °C, and a maximum 3 dB bandwidth of 5.8 GHz was achieved for 1.3 μm InAs quantum dot lasers on patterned, on-axis (001) Si. This was enabled by the reduced threading dislocation density (from 7×10 7 to 3×10 6 cm −2 ), and optimized probe design. The patterned Si produced antiphase domain free material in the coalesced GaAs buffer layer with reduced misfit/threading dislocation nucleation, without the use of Ge/GaP buffers or substrate miscut. Utilizing aspect ratio trapping, cyclic thermal annealing, and dislocation filter layers, high quality III-V on Si devices were grown, demonstrating the compelling advantages of this patterned Si template for a monolithic Si photonics integration platform.

High gain and high saturation output power silicon-based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are essential elements in future large-scale silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to compensa...

As reform and deregulation in the power industry proceed, more than one utility company has emerged in the power grid. In addition, due to the random fluctuation of electricity consumption, the power grid becomes more complex. New appropriate management strategies are required to handle the future smart grid. The real-time pricing (RTP) mechanism is an incentive way to increase energy usage efficiency. In this paper, considering the effect of the random fluctuation of electricity consumption, we propose a distributed genetic RTP scheme for smart grid with multiple utility companies and users based on expectation bilevel programming. We discuss the properties of the model and transform it into a deterministic optimization problem. Using a distributed genetic algorithm (GA), we find the optimal strategy for electricity supply and consumption and obtain the RTP. With this approach, subproblems can be solved individually. In addition, at each iteration, the information exchanged in the integrated system only consists of prices, the optimal electricity consumption, etc., which can be provided by each utility company and user respectively. Therefore, the distributed GA not only helps to protect the privacy of utility companies and users but also lowers the complexity of the computation. Simulation results validate the proposed distributed genetic RTP can significantly reduce peak time loading and efficiently balance system energy distribution while maximizing benefits for both utility companies and users.

In order to explore how Cu doping improves the wettability between Ag and SnO2 of Ag/SnO2 contact material, the physical and chemical changes of pure SnO2 and Cu-doped SnO2 powders at a high temperature were studied using a laser simulated arc. The results show that some of the SnO2 grows preferentially along the (211) and (101) crystal planes, and the other part changes to SnO preferentially growing along the (101) crystal plane. SnO2 particles with SnO make contact with each other under the action of the simulation arc to form large agglomerate particles. Meanwhile, the deposition of gasified SnO2 during the arc process aggravates the formation of SnO2 agglomerates. However, Cu doping reduces the gasified deposition of SnO2 during the arc process, and inhibits the preferred growth of SnO2 along the (211) and (101) crystal planes and the change from SnO2 to SnO at a high temperature. Furthermore, Cu doping induces SnO2 grains to redistribute along a specific direction to form nanoneedle assembled Cu-doped SnO2 hierarchical nanostructures during the arc process. Finally, a mechanism of Cu doping which improves the interfacial wettability between Ag and SnO2 of Ag/SnO2 contact material is proposed.

The cheap and readily available attapulgite (ATP) was doped with different Cu content by using an improved wet impregnation method and their NH3 oxidation and NOx reduction properties were analyzed at 150–500 °C. Results suggested that all these Cu-ATP catalysts possessed superior NH3 oxidation activity, which was further promoted in the presence of NO. However, higher Cu loading led to lower N2 selectivity and NO conversion at high temperatures. 1%Cu-ATP catalyst exhibited good performance in both selective catalytic oxidation of NH3 (NH3-SCO) and selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3-SCR) at 350 °C. And it showed relatively good SO2 and H2O tolerance in the presence of NO. Characterization results proved that Cu2+ ion increased the strong acid sites and redox properties of 1%Cu-ATP, and should be responsible for the outstanding NH3-SCO and NH3-SCR activity. While CuO species, which introduced abundant moderate acid sites and significantly improved redox capability, enriched on the catalysts as the copper loading increased. It dramatically promoted NH3 oxidation and inhibited NO conversion and N2 formation. Therefore, 1%Cu-ATP was more suitable to simultaneously remove slip ammonia and residual NOx in the flue gas, which would facilitate the efficient operation of SCR system and reduce the maintenance costs.

Over a full molar fraction range, for binary mixtures of x N-methylimidazole (hereafter abbreviated to N-mim) + (1 − x) water, +methanol, +ethanol, +1-propanol, +2-propanol, the mass density and sound velocity at (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, 318.15, 328.15) K, the mixing enthalpy at 298.15 K, and 1H NMR measurements, combined with the Ab initio calculations, have been carried out. The excess molar volume, excess average volume expansivity, excess sound velocity, excess isentropic compressibility, and the molar mixing enthalpy were calculated and fitted to a Redlich-Kister equation. The partial molar enthalpy of N-mim, the difference between the partial molar volume and the molar volume of N-mim, and the protons chemical shift changes were calculated and compared. The chemical shifts of N-mim protons, hydroxyl protons, and α-H (proton on the carbon atom next to the –OH group) of alcohols in the mixtures containing alcohols were explained by a model proposed by Gupta et al.. The properties indicate that the intermolecular interactions between unlike molecules are stronger than those between like molecules. An increase in temperature has a greater influence on the mixture containing water than on pure components, and has a greater influence on pure components than on mixtures containing alcohols. The predominant interactions between unlike molecules are hydrogen-bonded complexes in the mixture containing water, and are N-mim: alcohols = 1:1 hydrogen-bonded networks in the mixtures containing alcohols, where the alkyl groups of alcohols are electron-withdrawing groups, and the methyl group of N-mim is an electron-donating group. Ab initio calculations proved that the N⋯HO hydrogen bond in the mixtures is more stable and stronger than HO⋯HO in pure water or in pure alcohols and N⋯HC in pure N-mim. The strength sequence of the intermolecular interactions between unlike molecules for the mixtures at 298.15 K is N-mim–water > N-mim–methanol > N-mim–ethanol > N-mim–1-propanol ≥ N-mim–2-propanol.

In this study, six typical coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region were selected to investigate the emission characteristic of PM2.5. A 5-stage large flow impact sampler (DGI) was applied to collect PM2.5. Five parallel samples were collected at the same sampling location and particles were divided into five parts: >2.5 μm、1–2.5 μm、0.5–1 μm、0.2–0.5 μm and 2.5 μm) >c ( c (0.2–0.5 μm) >c (0.5–1 μm) >c (1–2.5 μm). The analysis of element revealed that Si and Al were the main elements in PM2.5 before and after the desulfurization. The concentration of Ca, K, Na, Mg and As increased 56.62%, 29.24%, 98.78%, 114.27% and 195.34% in PM2.5 through the WFGD system and others decreased or remained constant.

Laser gain regions using quantum dots have numerous improvements over quantum wells for photonic integration. Their atom-like density of states gives them unique gain properties that can be finely tuned by changing growth conditions. The gain bandwidth can be engineered to be broad or narrow and to emit at a wide range of wavelengths throughout the near infrared. The large energy level separation of the dot states from the surrounding material results in excellent high-temperature performance and gain recovery at sub-picosecond timescales. The fact that the quantum dots are isolated from each other and act independently at inhomogeneously broadened wavelengths results in ultralow linewidth enhancement factors, highly stable broadband mode-locked lasers, single-section mode locking, and the possibility of reduced crosstalk between amplified signals at low signal injection and enhanced four-wave mixing at high signal injection. The high carrier confinement and areal dot density provide reduced sensitivity to crystalline defects allowing for long device lifetimes even when epitaxially grown on silicon at high dislocation densities.