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The reclaimed asphalt pavement materials have been used for sustainable cold-recycling, significantly benefiting air quality and resource conservation, while its microscale interface properties greatly affected road performance during the cold-recycling processes. In this investigation, the cold recycled asphalt mixtures were prepared with different mixing proportions, considering the effects of cement content and mixing water amount. The adhesion characteristics of the asphalt-aggregate interface in different cold recycled asphalt mixtures have been comprehensively investigated based on the atomic force microscopic (AFM). The microscale morphology and the adhesion properties, including roughness, inclination angle, adhesion force, Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) modulus, and dissipated energy were evaluated at the interface and noninterface regions. The micromorphology results showed that the addition of cement could enhance the roughness and inclination in interface regions. In addition, the content of mixed water showed the most significant effect when the water amount was 80%. The results showed that the adhesion force, DMT modulus, and dissipated energy increased with the addition of cement, indicating that the cement could improve the microscale mechanical properties of cold recycled asphalt mixtures. With the increase of mixing water content, the adhesion characteristics showed varied results, and the optimum water content of 80% contributed to the adhesive properties. In addition, the adhesion force, DMT modulus, and dissipated energy were all higher in the interface region by comparing with the noninterface region. The correlations between the macroscale splitting tensile strength and microscale adhesion characteristics of cold recycled asphalt mixtures were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting the height of the fractured water-conducting zone (FWCZ) can be challenging due to their significant grey characteristics and the difficulty in scientifically selecting relevant influencing factors. To address this issue, we utilized the Pearson correlation analysis method and the grey entropy correlation analysis method to identify the significant factors and their degree of correlation with the height of FWCZ. Based on this, several constructed models were optimized, and the reliability of the best regression model was verified through parameter inversion analysis. The results indicate that the spatial distribution differences of the main coal mining seams contribute to the complex and variable occurrence conditions of coal seams. This is an important factor that contributes to the significant gray characteristics in predicting the height of FWCZ in the study area. A modeling approach has been proposed for predicting the height of FWCZ. This method is based on analyzing significant factors and conducting a multi-level evaluation of the selected prediction models. The order of correlation between significant influencing factors and the height of FWCZ is as follows: comprehensive hardness of overlying rock > average thickness of sandstone > mining depth > mining height. The results of the multi-level evaluation analysis show that, when using small sample high-quality datasets, the GA-Catboost algorithm has better prediction accuracy compared to the MSR and GA-BP algorithms. The results of the parameter inversion analysis for the GA-Catboost regression prediction model indicate that within the mining height range of 2.5–5.5 m, the ratio of fractured/mining height in the main coal seams is primarily concentrated between 20.45–30.59. In addition, a prediction method was developed to determine the limiting mining height by considering water conservation in coal mining. The relevant research results can provide fundamental theoretical support for ensuring safety in underground production and protecting groundwater in mining areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the quality of online health information (OHI) is a major challenge facing consumers. We designed PageGraph, an interface that displays quality indicators and associated values for a webpage, based on credibility evaluation models, the nudge theory, and existing empirical research concerning professionals' and consumers' evaluation of OHI quality. A qualitative evaluation of the interface with 16 participants revealed that PageGraph rendered the information and presentation nudges as intended. It provided the participants with easier access to quality indicators, encouraged fresh angles to assess information credibility, provided an evaluation framework, and encouraged validation of initial judgments. We then conducted a quantitative evaluation of the interface involving 60 participants using a between‐subject experimental design. The control group used a regular web browser and evaluated the credibility of 12 preselected webpages, whereas the experimental group evaluated the same webpages with the assistance of PageGraph. PageGraph did not significantly influence participants' evaluation results. The results may be attributed to the insufficiency of the saliency and structure of the nudges implemented and the webpage stimuli's lack of sensitivity to the intervention. Future directions for applying nudges to support OHI evaluation were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the effect of carbon doping in Ti‐stabilized nonstoichiometric molybdenum diboride (Mo0.96Ti0.04)0.8${(\text{Mo}_{0.96}\text{Ti}_{0.04})}_{0.8}$B2, which exhibits bulk superconductivity below Tc = 7.0 K. It is found that (Mo0.96Ti0.04)0.8${(\text{Mo}_{0.96}\text{Ti}_{0.04})}_{0.8}$(B1−xCx)2${(\text{B}_{1-x}\text{C}_{x})}_{2}$ maintains the AlB2‐type phase with a uniform elemental distribution for x = 0.12 and 0.16. The substitution of carbon for boron leads to a slight increase in a‐axis, a remarkable reduction in c‐axis, the formation of planar defects along the (100) crystallographic planes, and a shift of the B 1s peaks toward higher binding energies. Contrary to (Mo0.96Ti0.04)0.8${(\text{Mo}_{0.96}\text{Ti}_{0.04})}_{0.8}$B2, however, no superconductivity is observed down to 1.8 K for the C‐doped samples, which is ascribed to the electron filling of boron π bands resulting from the carbon doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the electronics industry, graphene is applied with modified lead-free solder. This review presents advances in the preparation, strengthening mechanisms, and property characterization of graphene composite solders. Graphene composite solders are divided into two main categories: unmodified graphene and metal-particle-modified graphene. The unmodified graphene composite solders are classified according to the different solder systems. Metal-particle-modified graphene composite solders are classified according to different metal particles. However, there are still challenges with graphene composite solders. The main challenge is the poor bonding of graphene to the substrate and the nonuniform dispersion. Future directions for the development of graphene composite solders are proposed. They can provide some reference for the development of new graphene composite solders in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleistocene climate fluctuations have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. Although the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied on species in Europe and North America, genetic legacy of species in the Pleistocene in north and northwest of China where glaciations was not synchronous with the ice sheet development in the Northern Hemisphere or or had little or no ice cover during the glaciations’ period, remains poorly understood. Here we used phylogeographic methods to investigate the genetic structure and population history of the chukar partridge Alectoris chukar in north and northwest China. A 1,152 – 1,154 bp portion of the mtDNA CR were sequenced for all 279 specimens and a total number of 91 haplotypes were defined by 113 variable sites. High levels of gene flow were found and gene flow estimates were greater than 1 for most population pairs in our study. The AMOVA analysis showed that 81% and 16% of the total genetic variability was found within populations and among populations within groups, respectively. The demographic history of chukar was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Late Pleistocene population expansion. Results revealed that most populations of chukar experienced population expansion during 0.027 ‒ 0.06 Ma. These results are at odds with the results found in Europe and North America, where population expansions occurred after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 0.023 to 0.018 Ma). Our results are not consistent with the results from avian species of Tibetan Plateau, either, where species experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciation period (0.5 to 0.175 Ma) [Current Zoology 59 (4): 458–474, 2013].

Reducing the number of airway eosinophils is critical for treating eosinophilic asthma.[1] The type II cytokines not only activate the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade but also exacerbate asthma pathology by promoting eosinophil recruitment and survival, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, and immunoglobulin class switching through the JAK/STAT pathway. FcRn-targeting and ROS-responsive Fedratinib-incorporated nanoparticles alleviate asthma by inducing eosinophil apoptosis Caged FDTN was released from the nanoparticles in the presence of ROS to promote eosinophil apoptosis and relieve inflammation (Figure S1A,B). [Extracted from the article]