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For over ten years, research on knowledge sharing has been a subject of focus, with the understanding that it can contribute to an organization's success. However, in Saudi Arabia, relatively little research has been conducted on this topic compared to other countries. The present study explores the impact of social trust, networks, and shared goals on the perception of academics in high-learning educational institutions toward knowledge sharing in Saudi Arabia. The study employs social trust, networks, and shared goals as independent variables. It examines their influence on attitudes toward knowledge sharing while considering control variables such as gender and experience. Data was assembled through a survey method using purposive sampling, and 88 usable responses from HEIs were analyzed. The study's findings proposed a positive relationship between social trust, social network, shared goals, and academic attitudes toward knowledge sharing. These results can benefit Saudi HEIs in developing policies to become knowledge-based institutions. The researcher recommends building a supportive and inspiring work environment for academics in order to exchange their knowledge with each other. The researcher addresses the limitations of the current study and provides a valuable suggestion for future research; conducting a comparative study that focuses on knowledge-sharing practices is recommended. This study does not explore mediating variables, so considering incentives as a mediating factor may result in valuable results for both public and private higher education institutions and business organizations within the context of Saudi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances scholarly debate on the contradictions of environmental risk management measures by analyzing the determinants of flood insurance coverage among a sample of 403 residents in New Orleans, a city undergoing rapid transformation due to post-Katrina rebuilding efforts and anthropogenic modifications of climate, hydrology, and ecology. The paper focuses on several predictors including subjective flood risk perception, trust in government officials, sociodemographic characteristics, and experience with flood damage. Using binary logistic regression, the results show that the likelihood of having flood insurance coverage is associated with past flood damage and socioeconomic status. Older people (over age 65) are more likely to have flood insurance than younger residents. Race, gender, trust, and perceived flood risk are not statistically significant predictors of flood insurance. We connect our findings to the paradoxes and conflictual dynamics of flood insurance, a major risk mitigation measure. As we point out, in flood-prone cities like New Orleans, flood insurance operates as a double whammy: uninsured or underinsured homes face pervasive risk of both flooding and rising insurance premiums under the conditions of global climate change.

This paper advances scholarly debate on the contradictions of environmental risk management measures by analyzing the determinants of flood insurance coverage among a sample of 403 residents in New Orleans, a city undergoing rapid transformation due to post-Katrina rebuilding efforts and anthropogenic modifications of climate, hydrology, and ecology. The paper focuses on several predictors including subjective flood risk perception, trust in government officials, sociodemographic characteristics, and experience with flood damage. Using binary logistic regression, the results show that the likelihood of having flood insurance coverage is associated with past flood damage and socioeconomic status. Older people (over age 65) are more likely to have flood insurance than younger residents. Race, gender, trust, and perceived flood risk are not statistically significant predictors of flood insurance. We connect our findings to the paradoxes and conflictual dynamics of flood insurance, a major risk mitigation measure. As we point out, in flood-prone cities like New Orleans, flood insurance operates as a double whammy: uninsured or underinsured homes face pervasive risk of both flooding and rising insurance premiums under the conditions of global climate change.

Introduction: The concept “social capital” was proposed by experts after the topic of “sustainable development” was raised in the last decades of the 20th century. The central concept of social capital is that social interactions create social networks, strengthen trust, form values, support norms and culture, and create community. Social capital and its components influence many people's views, attitudes and behaviors of environmental protection. Environmental protection behavior is also called pro-environmental behavior. The purpose of this research is to measure the amount of social capital of farmers and its effect on their Pro-Environmental Behavioral Tendencies (PEBT). The purpose of this research is to measure the extent of social capital of farmers and its effect on their PEBT. Materials and methods: This research was done with a quantitative paradigm and survey method. The statistical population included all farmers of Urmia, 184 of them were selected by random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by 4 related faculty members of Urmia University and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.75 to 0.83). Data were collected by interview technique and analyzed with SPSS version 26 software and by using one-sample and two-sample t tests, regression modeling and path analysis. Results: The findings showed that in overall, the extent of social capital among farmers is lower than average. The results of the components of social capital also showed that internal social capital includeing, trust in the internal society, social cohesion, participation and interaction with the internal society (internal relations network) were significantly higher than the average, but external social capital including, trust in the external society, trust in public, civil, and private institutions, and the interaction of the villagers with the external society (external relations network) is significantly lower than the average. Overwhelming majority (95%) of farmers had destructive environmental behavioral tendencies. The variables of trust in social institutions, external relations network, the educational levels of farmers and their children (ELFCH), and using extension publications and the Internet have a significant positive relationship, and the variables of age and number of children have a significant negative relationship with PEBT. In addition, the level of PEBT among urban farmers with non-agricultural occupations is higher than rural farmers with agricultural occupations. The variables of the external relations network and ELFCH, explain more than 15% of the changes in farmers' PEBT, and the two variables of ELFCH play a moderating role. Discussion: Based on the results, it is suggested that the agricultural governmental and non-govermental organizations put transparency and accountability and fight against corruption in their work priorities in order to strengthen trust and social capital. By making policies, creating a suitable market for organic products and formulating suitable mechanisms, the agricultural governmental organization should drive the behavior of farmers towards pro-environmental behavior. At the same time, using extension channels, agricultural extension officiers should try to provide more information and training, especially for the elderly farmers, and do not forget this group because most of these farmers are subsistence, small-scale and traditional farmers, and extension training should be a priority for this group. Finally, the development of human resources in rural areas should continue at a faster pace so that by improving the education level of farmers, their behaviors will be directed towards environmentally friendly behaviors.

Perhaps for the first time in its history, the Ukrainian scientific community is at the epicenter of large-scale geopolitical changes, and undoubtedly for the first time, the Ukrainian people are uniting advanced democratic forces around themselves. The unpredictable behavior of social systems after reaching a threshold level of socio-political energy within the system is called social turbulence. The article investigates Social Turbulence as the Scientific Phenomenon, as well as Operational and Strategic Change, resulting from the analysis of current events. The Ukrainian people’s war for their independence is a key factor causing political dissent in the functioning social system. It is the energy of political dissent of Ukrainians that causes social turbulence and, as a result, the change of the governing “world elite” and the reform of global institutions. The proposals of the “world leaders” Trump, Schröder and others to “cede” the territories of the Crimean Peninsula and Donbas in exchange for imaginary security guarantees from Russia demonstrate the true “effectiveness” of the existing security system and its unwillingness to withstand global challenges.

IntroductionIran is a multi-ethnic country and this has made paying attention to ethnic issues always one of the concerns of policy-makers and officials. Paying attention to the issue of race and ethnicity can be considered in different frameworks. Some experts see ethnic diversity as a threat and some see it as an opportunity and hence, the convergence of ethnic groups. Iran is a country that includes many ethnic groups with very different sub-cultures. On the one hand, it has created a very rich cultural context and on the other hand, it has created disputes and conflicts among different ethnic groups in some cases. Integration is effective in providing national unity and ethnic integration can be strengthened by policy. Considering that a large population of Ahvaz City consists of the two ethnic groups of Arabs and Bakhtiaris and that no independent research has been done to investigate inter-ethnic integration in this city so far, it was necessary to conduct a research and investigate this issue among the mentioned groups living in this city. The present study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting inter-ethnic integration in the city of Ahvaz. In this research, the variables of cultural capital, legalism, sense of social belonging, social trust, ethnocentrism, and the amount of using mass media were used as the independent variables. Then, the following question was raised: To what extent could these variables have an effect on inter-ethnic convergence in Ahvaz City? Materials & MethodsThis research was based on a survey method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population included people over 16 years of age from both Bakhtiari and Arab tribes living in Ahvaz City. The sample size was determined to be 384 people based on the Cochran formula. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. The structural equation modeling was utilized for confirming the validity and reliability of the research variables. The results of the measurement model showed that the indicators had favorable levels of validity and reliability. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated the significant effects of the research variables on the level of inter-ethnic convergence among the respondents. According to the results, the influences of the variables of cultural capital, legalism, amount of using mass media, social trust, sense of social belonging, and ethnocentrism had the values of 0.327, 0.312, 0.256, 0.185, 0.114, and -0.187, respectively. According to these significant figures, it could be concluded that the research hypotheses were confirmed in the structural model. Therefore, the effects of the mentioned variables on the inter-ethnic integration stated by the respondents were corroborated. The results of the structural equation modeling also revealed the effects of the variables of cultural capital, legalism, amount of using mass media, social trust, sense of social belonging, and ethnocentrism on the variable of inter-ethnic convergence, respectively. In addition, the research variables were able to explain 44.2% of changes in the variable of inter-ethnic convergence.Finally, the results of the research demonstrated that the level of this convergence could be enhanced by increasing the levels of social trust, sense of social belonging, cultural capital, tendency towards legalism, and amount of using mass media and decreasing the level of ethnocentrism among the respondents.

Abstract Background Accumulating social capital in urban areas is essential to improve community health. Previous studies suggested that intergenerational contact may be effective for enhancing social capital. However, no study has examined the effect of intergenerational contact on social capital through a population-based evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a community-based intervention to increase the frequency of intergenerational contact on social capital among adults aged 25–84 years. Methods This study used a non-randomized controlled trial design to conduct a community-based intervention (from March 2016 to March 2019). The study area was Tama ward, Kawasaki city, Kanagawa, Japan. The area comprises five districts; one district was assigned as the intervention group and the other four districts as the control group. We provided the intervention to residents in the intervention group. The intervention comprised three phases: Phase 1 was the preparation term (organizing the project committee); Phase 2 was the implementation term (trained volunteer staff members, conducted the intergenerational greeting campaign, and held intergenerational contact events); and Phase 3 was the transition term (surrendering the lead role of the project to the city hall field workers). In the control group, field workers provided public health services as usual. We conducted mail surveys in September 2016 and November 2018 to assess the effects of the intervention on social capital during Phase 2. Eligible participants were randomly selected from community-dwelling adults aged 25–84 years according to age (10,620 control group individuals and 4479 intervention group individuals). We evaluated social trust, norm of reciprocity, and social support as outcome variables. Results In total, 2518 participants completed both surveys and were analyzed (control group: 1727; intervention group: 791). We found that social trust (coefficient = 0.065; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.006, 0.125) and norm of reciprocity (coefficient = 0.084; 95% CI: 0.020, 0.149) positively changed in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusions This community-based intervention may contribute to sustaining and improving social capital among community-dwelling adults. Trial registration: UMIN000046769 (UMIN-CTR); first registered on January 28, 2022 (retrospectively registered).

Previous studies have found that subjective well-being is associated with social trust, self-compassion, and social empathy. Based on online fieldwork with 662 first-generation college students (54.7% male) in China, this study aimed to investigate the serial mediation effects of self-compassion and social empathy on the relationship between social trust and subjective well-being. The results showed that subjective well-being was significantly positively correlated with social trust, trust in people, self-compassion, and social empathy. Both selfcompassion and social empathy partially mediated the relationship between social trust and subjective well-being, and fully mediated the association between trust in people and subjective well-being. We used a serial mediation model to estimate the effect of general social trust, including trust in people, on subjective well-being. The findings that self-compassion and social empathy mediated the relationship between trusting attitudes toward society, especially people, and subjective well-being expand the literature on social trust and the mechanism of social trust on subjective well-being. The results also highlight the significance of improving mental health education and intervention among first-generation college students in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Finnish Civil War of 1918 has been described as a revolution of expectations in the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Russian Empire. More recently, it has been described as an attempted Bolshevik revolution in a democracy. From the perspective of the Finnish Social Democrats, the re-establishment of the Red Guards and seeking support from the Bolsheviks were aimed at preventing a bourgeois counter-revolution. They saw a clear threat of that in the repeal of the act granting parliamentary sovereignty and the dissolution of the socialist-majority Parliament. This article tracks the origins of the socialists' mistrust of the bourgeoisie through industrial relations, land-reform debates and war-time food regulation. Unlike in Sweden, collective agreements were not recognized in Finland. In the mentalities, the divide between landowning individuals and their dependent servants continued. Due to rural overpopulation, there had been little social mobility in the 19th century. Social positions had become essentialized, and initiatives to redistribute land had been postponed by the landowning classes. As in Russia, landless people and industrial workers came to share a class consciousness. They began to direct their frustrations at the state, which they saw as representing private interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because environmental problems are characterized by uncertainty and free-riding fears, trust that others will reciprocate one's own efforts to alleviate them is likely an important predictor of willingness to support environmental protections. Drawing on cross-disciplinary theory and research, I argue that whether individual's social trust translates into willingness to sacrifice for environmental protections depends both on their own social trust and a culture of trust. I test this proposition using cross-national data from the International Social Survey Programme's Environment III survey. In societies characterized by a culture of high trust, those individuals reporting high social trust are considerably more willing to support environmental protections in these ways. However, in those characterized by a culture of low social trust environments, the relationship between high trust and willingness is dampened. The findings highlight that while there is a positive relationship between social trust and willingness, this relationship likely depends on cultural trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Physical and mental disorders are abundantly observed in veterans and disabled people, and in addition to causing concern, they have very adverse effects on various aspects of their lives. Considering that physical and mental health can play an important role in the general health of veterans and disabled people, it is vital to address these aspects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict social trust, self-control, and self-efficacy based on the level of physical activity in veterans and disabled people. Methods: The method of the study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was composed of veterans and disabled people of Yazd province. One hundred and nine people (62 veterans and 47 disabled) were selected as a statistical sample using the convenient method. Sharkey's physical activity (1997), Tanji's selfcontrol (2004), Safarinia and Sharif's social trust (2009), and Sherer et al.'s self-efficacy (1982) scales were used to examine the research variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between variables and simple linear regression to predict variables. Results: The findings showed that physical activity level scores can significantly predict self-control (r = 0.39) and social trust (r = 0.31) variables in veterans and disabled people (P<0.01). However, due to the low correlation with the self-efficacy variable (r = 0.14), the level of physical activity does not have the ability to predict this variable (P = 0.19) significantly. Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that appropriate planning should be considered for the participation of veterans and disabled people in regular physical activities to increase self-control and social trust and consequently increase life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments regularly rely on citizens' cooperation in exercising their authority, including the enforcement of rules. This is not only common, but also a necessary practice in a legal system. Technology makes such reliance easier, facilitating increased enforcement of law at little cost. Emergency provides an added legitimizing logic, encouraging citizens' cooperation and leading them to uncritically follow the government's lead to reduce the risk to the nation and to themselves. This article considers governments' crowdsourcing citizens to monitor and surveil other citizens. One central concern this practice raises is that it allows governments to circumvent the limits of their legitimate authority and to augment their power while also obscuring the actor responsible for the surveillance and enforcement action. Consequently, accountability and public oversight over the government are diminished. Where does conventional enlisting of cooperation from law-abiding citizens end, and crowdsourcing totalitarian mass mobilization of citizens against fellow citizens begin? The article's principal claim is that a bright line should be drawn where governments' crowdsourcing of information from citizens serves as a means to circumvent democratic checks on their power to collect information, while also disguising the actor responsible for the surveillance. Such practice severely erodes social trust between citizens, jeopardizing their ability to organize and collaborate as engaged citizens and thus serve as a check on government. It further grants excessive power to some citizens over others, endangering the latter's freedom, especially where the information gathered is used to symbolically or actually exclude certain individuals from the political community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mental health problems of health workers are attracting increasing concerns in China and the world. A trustful relationship between health workers and patients is the foundation of quality patient care, which is currently under serious threat. This study aimed to determine the associations of social trust on subjective wellbeing and mental health of health workers. Using the survey data of 262 health workers extracted from the 2018 Chinese Family Panel Studies, a structural equation model with partial least square approach was established. The results showed that social trust was linked to both subjective wellbeing (β = 0.251, p < 0.01) and mental health (β = −0.210, p < 0.01). The effect of social trust on mental health was partially mediated by subjective wellbeing (51.87%). The association between social trust and subjective wellbeing was moderated by socioeconomic status: social trust has a stronger effect on subjective wellbeing in those with higher socioeconomic status. Erosion of social trust may present a serious risk to mental health and subjective wellbeing of health workers. High socioeconomic status can amplify the effect of social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: From a developmental perspective, this study explored the interplays between subjective social status (SSS), social trust (ST), and health status measured by self-rated health (SRH) among older adults in the context of China. It also tested the longitudinal mediation of ST between SSS and SRH. Methods: After excluding samples with missing values, we analyzed 4,877 individual responses from those aged 60 years or older, extracted from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data in 2014, 2016, and 2018. We used latent growth modeling to test the hypothesized relationships among their SSS, ST, and SRH. Results: Latent growth modeling based on bootstrapping showed that the SSS, ST, and SRH of older adults all increased linearly and that the mechanism of SSS acted on the SRH as follows: the initial level of SSS indirectly influenced the initial level and the growth rate of the SRH, respectively, through the initial level of ST, and the initial level and growth rate of SSS played an indirect role in the growth rate of the SRH through the growth rate of ST. Conclusion: The findings have practical implications for promoting health for older adults and realizing active aging in China. Therefore, we recommend establishing a family-centered and community-supported social support system for those with lower social status among older adults and a friendly community environment with various social, cultural, and recreational activities to improve the ST among older adults, thereby improving their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social trust is crucial for the functioning of societies and states as well as for the wellbeing of individuals. In this article, I expand on previous literature and scrutinise the role of definitions of group membership in the form of national belonging as a key predictor of three distinct dimensions of social trust: particularised trust, trust in strangers and identity‐based trust. Drawing on recent data from the European Values Study, I find that stronger ethnic conceptions of nationhood are related to higher identity‐based trust, whereas the reverse holds for trust in strangers. The latter relationship, however, must be qualified regarding majority conceptions at the respective national level. Results for particularised trust, however, point towards a more complex relationship than outlined in the theoretical expectations. Thus, this article contributes to extant literature by presenting a comprehensive argument linking all three dimensions to conceptions of nationhood challenging simplified notions of generalised trust. Further, I go beyond extant studies by combining conceptions of nationhood at the individual level with several country‐level variables to demonstrate the robustness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration is one of the most contested issues in contemporary political life because of its possible implications for state welfare provisions of receiving countries. There is a fear that rising immigration will erode public support for social policies that benefit immigrants, particularly in contexts of economic crisis. However, some believe that social trust is a determining factor that may mitigate such anti-immigrant attitudes. We test both arguments for the case of Spain through multiple regression analyses of surveys on attitudes towards immigrants, carried out by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) from 2007 to 2017. While the results are consistent with expectations according to group threat theory, we also found that trusting individuals are more likely to support immigrants' social rights. Moreover, social trust lessens the negative effects of the perception of threat posed by outgroups —perceived economic threat and perceived size of their population— on support for immigrants' social rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system as a whole is composed of various interrelated sub-systems. The effect of a system will be affected by the coordination of other systems associated with it. Only when the complementarity and coordination between systems increase can the implementation effect of the system be fully brought into play. As an informal system, social trust can affect the implementation effect of formal environmental regulations, but there are few studies on the moderating effect of social trust on the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions. Based on this, the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019 were selected as research samples. The moderating effect model and mediated moderating effect model were used to study the moderating effect and mechanism of social trust on the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions. In addition, the heterogeneity of this moderating effect was tested by region. The results showed that: ① The impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions showed an inverted Ushaped nonlinear relationship, and the promotion effect of environmental regulations on carbon emissions was dominant in the present stage. FDI, the upgrading of industrial structures, and R&D innovation were important mediating channels for environmental regulations to affect carbon emissions. ② As a moderating variable, social trust positively moderated the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions and accelerated the arrival of the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve. ③ In terms of the mediating effect, the moderating effect of social trust on the impact of environmental regulations on carbon emissions was realized through the mediating effect of FDI, the upgrading of industrial structures, and R&D innovation, and the impact of social trust on the inflection points of the three intermediary channels was heterogeneous. ④ The moderating effect of social trust had regional heterogeneity. In small cities, the impact of social trust on environmental regulations on carbon emissions was greater than that in large and medium-sized cities. The moderating effect of social trust was greater in the cities without environmental protection than in the cities with environmental protection. The above conclusions were still valid after a series of robustness tests. It is hoped that this paper can enrich the relevant research on environmental regulations and social trust and be helpful for local governments to formulate relevant policies according to local conditions, improve the carbon emission reduction effect of environmental regulation, and accelerate the green development and transformation of Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ride-sharing is an effective way to solve traffic congestion. However, passengers’ lack of trust in ride-sharing behavior is a problem that affects the development of ride-sharing. To solve this problem, by introducing trust weight and user preferences to measure by the trust level, taking the shortest total driving distance of the vehicle and the highest total trust value as the objective function, and considering the vehicle loading capacity constraints, vehicle travel distance constraints, passenger demand response constraints and vehicle station service constraints, this paper constructed a ride-sharing model considering passenger trust degree, and used an improved genetic algorithm to solve the model. Finally, this paper used the data of operating vehicles in the surrounding areas of Beijing Xinfa to verify the algorithm. The results show that the model can effectively reduce the total vehicle distance while ensuring a high level of passenger ride-sharing trust. The distance cost is 14.8% less than the model only considering distance optimization, and the trust level is 3.3 times higher. This paper verified the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm through the comparative analysis of the optimization results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Adequate physical activity during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health. Although physical activity during pregnancy is restricted, social support and trust may have a favorable influence on physical activity. This study aimed to examine the association between cognitive social capital during pregnancy and prenatal physical activity among Japanese individuals. We also investigated whether social capital has an extended influence during pregnancy on physical activity 1.5 years after delivery. The cognitive social capital of 3,055 pregnant women in their second trimester was measured using nine questions on a selfadministered questionnaire. Each cognitive social capital was classified into two or four groups based on their scores. Physical activity during pregnancy was measured using a validated questionnaire in the second trimester and at 1.5 years after delivery. Participants were classified as having adequate physical activity (≥ 150 min/week) or inadequate physical activity (< 150 min/week) based on the physical activity guidelines during pregnancy. After adjusting for confounders, emotional support was positively associated with the prevalence of adequate prenatal physical activity (P for trend = 0.002). Moreover, there was a positive association between emotional support during pregnancy and the prevalence of adequate physical activity 1.5 years after delivery. Among Japanese women, emotional support during pregnancy was associated with a higher prevalence of adequate prenatal physical activity during pregnancy and at 1.5 years after delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the impacts of board size, gender diversity and independence on ESG performance whilst also examining the impact of country-level social trust on such performance. We perform a panel data analysis and the least squares method for a sample of 75 European banks and a time span of 4 years from 2016 to 2019. We find that ESG performance is positively associated with board gender diversity and independence, and negatively associated with board size. Surprisingly, we find a negative relationship between country-level social trust and ESG performance. This is an important finding that we interpret as being related to the loss of confidence in the banking sector in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. To regain such trust, the banking sector is likely to have suffered higher social pressure to engage in ESG activities in countries where social trust is lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Social Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Społecznych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In building a market for the transfer of land contracting rights, it is crucial to clarify the influencing factors for farmers' farmland transfer decisions to promote the orderly transfer of farmland. This article investigates the impact of social capital on farmland transfer and analyzes the moderating effect of marketization of farmland transfer using research data from 1017 farm households in Hubei Province. The results showed that social capital significantly contributes to farmers' farmland transfer decisions; social networks and social trust have more potent effects on farmland transfer-in than farmland transfer-out and social norms have more substantial effects on farmland transfer-out than farmland transfer-in; and farmland transfer marketization plays a moderating role in the process of social capital's influence on farmland transfer decisions. In terms of farmland transfer-out, marketization of farmland transfer plays a negative moderating role between social network, social trust, and farmland transfer decision, and a positive moderating role between social norm and farmland transfer decision. In terms of farmland transfer-in, marketization of farmland transfer plays a negative moderating role between social network, social trust, and farmland transfer decision, and no moderating role in social norm and farmland transfer decision. The study concludes that local governments need to strengthen the construction of social norms and the reconstruction of social trust and networks to create a favorable environment for agricultural land transfer while improving the construction of regional agricultural land transfer markets and promoting the development of market transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revitalizing idle rural residential bases is essential for improving the utilization rate of residential resources, activating pastoral land resources assets, increasing farmers' property income, and stimulating rural development vitality. Social capital is one of the essential social resources owned by farmers, which is closely related to rural social governance and farmers' daily lives and plays an indispensable role in revitalizing residential land. Based on the theory of social capital and the survey data of 316 farm households in Shaanxi Province in 2022, this study first empirically analyzes the influencing factors of social capital and its constituent dimensions on farm households' willingness to revitalize their home-steads using a Logit regression model, and then empirically analyzes the hierarchical structure relationship among the influencing factors using an ISM model. The results of the study show that: (1) Social capital and its three constituent dimensions of social network ("Contact with relatives, neighbors, and families" and "Contact with village committee staff"), social trust ("Trust in friends and relatives" and "Trust in village committee and other organizations"), and social participation ("Participation in meetings of village committees and other organizations") have significant positive effects on farmers' willingness to revitalize their residential land. (2) There are differences in the effects of different dimensions of social capital on farmers' willingness to revitalize their homesteads: social trust as a deep-seated cause affects farmers' social networks and social participation, which in turn affects farmers' knowledge of homestead revitalization policies and ultimately farmers' willingness to revitalize their homesteads. Based on the findings of the study, to improve farmers' willingness to revitalize their homestead bases, government departments should base their efforts on the social capital characteristics of farmers, increase the cultivation of farmers' social capital, and strengthen the publicity of the work of revitalizing homestead bases and related policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust and social participation are the basic prerequisites for achieving sustainable agricultural development, which creates sustainable employment, sustainable income and empowerment of the rural community. Sericulture is an important tool in achieving sustainable development in such societies, and in this regard, the position of the network of activists is important. This study has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the network of social trust and participation among activists of sericulture in Guilan Province, Northwestern Iran to achieve sustainable agricultural development. The statistical population was composed of two groups. The first included 7310 silk farmers in 16 counties of the province out of them, 365 farmers were selected by simple randomization. The second included 12 sericulture activists whose work activity was related to the sericulture industry of the province. A questionnaire was the main research instrument whose validity was examined by a panel of 15 experts and university teachers and its reliability was estimated at 0.81 by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that most silk farmers report their social trust at low level, while their social participation at moderate. The analysis of other sericulture activists reveals that the coherence and stability of social trust are at moderate level, while the coherence of the participation network is at weak level and its stability is at good level. Agriculture-Jahad Organization in Iran is also the most trusted activists in the social trust and participation network of silk farmers as it has the highest in-degree centrality, whereas the activists express that the cocoon-drying factory and the silkextraction factory are at the lowest level among the activists of the trust network, while the silk extraction factory and the private service sector are at the lowest level in the participation network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reconstructs relationships between families with children and their social environment consisting of both individuals and institutions. The relationships are identified from the perspective of families. I posit the following research questions: (1) What individuals and what institutions compose the social environment around families and have influence over them? (2) Which individuals and institutions do families trust, and which do they distrust? (3) Which individuals or institutions, in the eyes of interviewees, support their families, and which go against them? Edward C. Banfield's concept of amoral familism and Stefan Nowak's notion of sociological vacuum - both linked to social trust - provide a theoretical framework and serve as starting points for my study. The article is based on qualitative research findings. The study applied an inductive approach. I argue that families' isolation from institutions - I propose the term "families' social isolation" - is one of the most significant aspects of family life in contemporary Poland. I identify three key components of Polish families' social isolation: the absence of social institutions that families can trust, families' disposition to cut themselves off from institutions, and a perception of the family as a safe space as opposed to a "dangerous area" outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Responsible behavior is a set of actions of people towards the environment that social capital is a fundamental construct about this behavior. Considering the importance of social capital in environmental sustainability, in this research, we seek to investigate the role of social capital in environmental sustainability. In the paradigm category, this research was a quantitative research that was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population of the research is the members of grape growers' cooperative of Malayer County, whose number was 3000, and 341 of them were selected based on stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. The main data was collected using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with the members of the grape growers' cooperative of Malayer County. Data collection in the social capital section was also done using the Aphof (2000) social capital standard questionnaire (2000) and a researcher-made questionnaire related to the assessment of environmental sustainability. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by technical experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha test and was 0.86. Different statistical methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS and PLS software. The results of fitting the model of the relationship between social capital and environmental sustainability showed that the structural dimension of social capital (36.2%) and the cognitive dimension of social capital (33.9%) directly explain the changes related to the environmental sustainability variable. Also, the final study of the results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the factors of the structural dimension of social capital and the cognitive dimension of social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-time effective vaccination is critical to curbing a pandemic, but this is often hampered by citizens' hesitancy to get quickly vaccinated. This research concentrates on the hypothesis that, besides traditional factors in the literature, vaccination success would hinge on two dimensions: a) addressing a broader set of risk perception factors than health-related issues only, and b) securing sufficient social and institutional trust at the time of vaccination campaign launch. We test this hypothesis regarding Covid-19 vaccination preferences in six European countries and at the early stage of the pandemic by April 2020. We find that addressing the two roadblock dimensions could further boost Covid-19 vaccination coverage by 22%. The study also offers three extra innovations. The first is that the traditional segmentation logic between vaccine "acceptors", "hesitants" and "refusers" is further justified by the fact that segments have different attitudes: refusers care less about health issues than they are worried about family tensions and finance (dimension 1 of our hypothesis). In contrast, hesitants are the battlefield for more transparency by media and governm ent actions (dimension 2 of our hypothesis). The second added value is that we extend our hypothesis testing with a supervised non-parametric machine learning technique (Random Forests). Again, consistent with our hypothesis, this method picks up higher-order interaction between risk and trust variables that strongly predict on-time vaccination intent. We finally explicitly adjust survey responses to account for possible reporting bias. Among others, vaccine-reluctant citizens may under-report their limited will to get vaccinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sustainable agriculture is an important link in promoting agricultural modernization. As a new sustainable agricultural production model, the promotion effect of agricultural production trust depends on the participation of farmers. Therefore, based on the micro-data of 461 valid questionnaires from farmers in the Heilongjiang Province and the Heckman sample selection model, this study empirically analyzed the impact of social capital on the decision behavior of farmers to adopt custody services from two aspects of adoption behavior and adoption degree. The results showed that social capital had a significant positive impact on the adoption behavior and the degree of adoption of rural households' trusteeship services. From the perspective of different business scales, for large-scale households, participation in the service promotion activities of agricultural means of production suppliers and trust in the technical information disseminated by the government had a significant positive impact on the adoption of custody services. However, for small farmers, participating in village collective service promotion activities and trusting the service information spread by their neighbors' relatives and friends had a significant positive impact on trust adoption behavior. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the impact of social capital on farmers' trust adoption behavior decision making in the future agricultural trust service promotion process to accelerate the promotion of sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social trust has been compromised locally, nationally, and globally, and very recently more and more social scientists, ethicists, theologians, and civic leaders have highlighted its necessity for the function of social life. This article reviews the ways that social trust has been jeopardized and engages indicators that attempt to find where the trust is most at risk and what the better responses to it might be. It then turns to two collective gatherings, populism and synodality, to consider how we might better respond to these different forms of collective movements or gatherings so as to further the restoration of social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet participation attitude is a concrete response of citizens to Internet participation, and social trust and subjective well-being are important factors that affect Internet participation attitude. Based on CGSS2017 data, regression analysis was carried out on data variables that reflect civil society trust, subjective well-being and online participation attitude. The results show that social trust has a significant positive impact on the attitude of online participation and subjective well-being. The higher the level of citizens'social trust is, the more positive their attitude towards online participation will be and the stronger the subjective well-being will be. Subjective well-being has a significant negative impact on the attitude towards online participation. That is, the stronger the subjective well-being is, the more negative citizens'attitude towards online participation will be. While influencing the attitude of network participation, subjective well-being will weaken the positive influence of social trust on citizens'attitude of network participation. Further analysis shows that the disapprobation of online participation from citizens with strong subjective well-being, the heterogeneity of the influence of online participation on citizens' subjective well-being, and the influence of age difference of subjective well-being are the main reasons that lead to the weakening effect of subjective well-being on online participation attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the sociological concept of Social Trust, empirically studying the influence of Chinese cross provincial levels of social trust on listed company's investment decisions, equity investment types, and the degree of diversification in investments from the micro perspective. Besides, this paper discusses the substitute effects of social trust and government-enterprise relationships on corporate investment decisions. We find that listed companies in provinces with high level social trust have more desire for external investments and are more willing to establish joint ventures with other company. Furthermore, social trust and government-enterprise relationships are mutually substituted in influencing corporate investment decisions. That is, when a company has no government-enterprise relationship, social trust has more influence on corporate investments, and vice versa. Our study has not only enriched the research of social trust in financial area, but also extended current literature to examine social trust and government-enterprise relationships in the interdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesise the empirical archival research on the consequences of local social norms on accounting, finance, and corporate governance outcomes in an international setting. The literature reviewed is premised on the theory that corporations do not make decisions, but managers do, and managers are likely to be influenced by the socioeconomic environment of the region in which they operate and/or by the people with whom they interact. To provide a structure to our review, we identify social capital, religiosity, gambling norms, and corruption culture, as four constructs of local social norms and link these with financial reporting and external auditing, financial, investment, and dividend decisions, capital market consequences and finally, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility behaviour of firms. We highlight some limitations of the existing research and offer some suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much prior research relies on the idea that antipathy towards immigrants is primarily driven by natives' perceptions of the threat that immigrants represent to their economic, cultural or national well-being. Yet little is known about whether subjective well-being affects attitudes toward immigrants. This study aimed to examine whether life satisfaction would foster tolerance towards immigrants over time via the indirect influence of political satisfaction and social trust. The sample comprised young native adults (N = 1352; M age = 22.72; SD = 3.1) in Sweden. The results revealed that young adults who were satisfied with important life domains were more likely to extend their satisfaction towards the political system, which consequently resulted in a generalised expectation of trustworthiness and a widening of their circles of trusted others. This then translates into more positive attitudes toward immigrants. The findings provide evidence that it is the causal relationship between political satisfaction and social trust (rather than social trust in itself) which promotes the positive impact of life satisfaction on tolerance towards immigrants. The study highlights that fostering political satisfaction and social trust may play an important role in shaping young people's positive attitudes towards immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building up on pre-existing vulnerabilities and social exclusions, refugees and migrants are disproportionately suffering from the negative effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. Insecure legal status is an additional stressor that may accentuate social cleavages and ultimately impair their trust in host society and institutions. Based on a diverse sample of refugees and migrants in Belgium (N = 355), the present study investigates direct and indirect effects of legal status--measured as the type of residence permit held by participants--on social and political trust during the COVID-19 outbreak. Secured legal status was positively associated with social and political trust directly, and indirectly via a serial mediation composed by two cumulative stages. First, participants with a more secured legal status experienced less material difficulties to cope with the pandemic (i.e., first material stage). Second, participant who experienced less material difficulties identified more with the host society (i.e., second symbolic stage). In turn, reduced material difficulties and increased identification with the host society were both positively associated with social and political trust. Our findings advocate for securing legal status of refugees and migrants to help societies cope cohesively with the long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the COVID-19 pandemic forced P–12 schools to temporarily transition to online learning, it exacerbated the already deep-seated educational inequities in communities across the United States. Employing a grounded theory approach, this paper explores how educators and community stakeholders created a free full-time volunteer-led K–2 learning pod for historically underserved students. The authors discuss the opportunities and challenges experienced in the pod’s implementation, as well as lessons for these types of university-community partnerships. The findings of the study reveal the potential of equity-focused collaborations that accept risk, occupy uncomfortable liminal spaces, and leverage informal networks and relationships to build trusting and authentic community partnerships. The paper concludes with a call to reimagine the parameters of university-community engagement in times of crisis.

This study investigates how the effect of employee stock ownership on financial performance may hinge on the diverse cultural and societal contexts of European countries. Based on agency and national culture theories, we hypothesize that the positive relationship between employee stock ownership and return on assets (ROA) is stronger in those nations with lower uncertainty avoidance and higher social trust. Using a multisource, time‐lagged, large‐scale dataset of 1,741 firms from 21 countries in Europe, our multilevel, random coefficient modeling analysis found evidence for these hypotheses, suggesting that uncertainty avoidance and social trust serve as important contextual cues in predicting the linkage between employee stock ownership and financial performance. Our supplemental analysis with distinction between the managerial and nonmanagerial employee stock ownership further indicates managerial employee stock ownership has a direct positive effect on ROA. Although nonmanagerial employee stock ownership had a nonsignificant association with ROA, the relationship was positive and significant when uncertainty avoidance was low and social trust was high. This research contributes to the existing literature by illuminating some of the contextual influences altering the effectiveness of employee stock ownership. Our findings also offer practical suggestions for effectively using employee stock ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic changes people’s behavior, determines the interpersonal distance of communication, and deepens the digitalization processes of public life. This paper aims to establish the social trust impact on the social sustainability of Ukrainian territorial communities in the Covid-19 pandemic. For an empirical study, four territorial communities of Ukraine were taken, which geographically represent the whole of Ukraine. It used the online survey method based on Google forms. A randomly selected 1530 respondents aged 18+ were interviewed in 2021, where the quota sampling by gender, age, and territorial community has been preserved. The study proves that the family remains the basis of social stability for Ukrainians. In difficult situations, the population expects help from their relatives and is ready to help themselves. However, institutional social trust is highly deficient, with only 5.8% of citizens wishing for help from local authorities in the face of the pandemic. The survey shows that the poorest part of the population is prone to atomization and demonstrates the lowest interpersonal and institutional trust level, weakening social stability due to the risks of numerous divorces, labor migration, and the problems of family members’ isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic has widened the gap between the poorest and wealthiest groups. Therefore, social resilience management should aim to improve institutional and interpersonal social trust. Furthermore, public authorities should unite the community using economic, social, cultural, and religious instruments since atomized individuals cannot withstand local and global challenges efficiently. AcknowledgmentThe paper was prepared in the framework of the research project “Sustainable development and resource security: from disruptive technologies to digital transformation of Ukrainian economy” (№ 0121U100470) and “ Jean Monnet Chair in EU Economic Policies and Civil Society” (619878-EPP-1-2020-1-UA-EPPJMO-CHAIR).

The epidemic of COVID 19 has affected Iran as well of other countries. The aim of the present study is to analyze the perception and interpretation of Iranian citizens about this epidemics in the first stage. The study was performed qualitatively and the data were collected in March 1398 and April 1399 with saturation criteria with 20 citizens by semi-structured interview method. Thematic analysis method has been used to analyze data. The results of the study showed that people experience a kind of social anxiety from the crisis in the country. The way the government operates and is managed by the relevant authorities has caused dissatisfaction and a kind of public distrust. There is also this distrust of the media. The effects of epidemics on jobs and living problems have created a kind of anxious social sphere. However, the formation of a sphere of intimacy in families, and spiritual self-improvement were among the positive experiences of the participants in this study. The five main themes of crisis management research were social distrust, virus economics, psycho-health pressures, and positive rethinking.Based on the results of the research, in the current and future epidemics, it is recommended for policymakers to build social trust and increase awareness in the field of individual-social health.According to the research results, social work at the individual and community level can play an active role in epidemics. Providing counseling to social policymakers in crises and identifying and assisting target groups to reduce the psychological pressures of the epidemic,

The Internet is bound to profoundly impact public social trust. This study empirically investigated the impact of rural residents' access to information on social trust based on the tracking survey data of Chinese households, which covered a sample size of 12,042 rural residents from 25 provinces and cities. We found that: (1) The modes of access to information had a significant positive impact on rural residents' social trust. Specifically, as the time spent using the Internet or television for news increased, rural residents' trust in others also increased, which is known as the "media propaganda and mobilization effect." The use of the Internet had a higher impact coefficient than the use of TV. (2) A substitution effect was detected between the ways rural residents accessed news via the Internet and television. (3) Rural residents used the Internet less frequently than urban residents to obtain news but were more influenced by the Internet regarding social trust. (4) The information-disadvantaged groups among rural residents were mainly women, old people, and people with low education. The government should attach great importance to the influence of media on social trust and needs to actively improve the digital literacy of disadvantaged groups of rural residents and combat and eliminate the "digital divide" to enhance rural residents' social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the extent to which engagement within civil society relates to various forms of social trust among residents in local communities that received varying shares of asylum seekers during the European refugee crisis of 2015 to 2017. The study is based on a representative survey collected from individuals within 36 local Swedish communities that received very different shares of asylum seekers. The result suggests that engagement in civil society organizations moderates community trust under conditions of increased diversity. Outgroup trust varies with the share of asylum seekers only among those not involved in civil society. The results also suggest that involvement in civil society does not moderate generalized trust if the share of asylum seeker varies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iconic kauri tree of Aotearoa New Zealand is under increasing threat due to the plant disease kauri dieback, with human activity believed to be a high-risk vector for spread of the fungus-like pathogen. Although forest hygiene measures have been introduced, concern exists over shortfalls in public compliance, particularly among those who live near or in infected areas. This qualitative study takes a community case-study approach to investigate the barriers and enablers of pro-environmental behavior in relation to kauri dieback. Twenty-one members of the public residing in a locale heavily impacted by kauri dieback were interviewed. Several issues that may lead to noncompliance with measures to protect kauri were identified, primarily centered around themes related to system knowledge, certainty and trust. Understanding community social dynamics, as well as cultivating and maintaining public trust in scientific and resource management authorities, is an important element for generating and improving pro-environmental behavior when uncertainty is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the process of creeping radicalization within the Georgian Orthodox Church and its implications for building societal resilience in the country. In doing so, it aims to fill the gap in the literature on the role of dominant religious organizations in resilience building in Georgia and in the broader post-Soviet region. Our analysis ascribes a mostly negative impact to the Georgian Orthodox Church on the country's societal resilience. We identify two possible mechanisms with which the Georgian Orthodox Church undermines societal resilience in Georgia: (1) by decreasing general trust in society and (2) by inspiring anti-Western narratives, which undermine the basis of Georgia's national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]