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Leadership has been increasingly distributed away from formal leaders towards more shared arrangements in Western educational contexts, wherein the vast majority of the existing research literature has been based. There is a dearth of literature on whether leadership strategies that originate in the West could be applied successfully to Asian contexts, especially in relation to China. The need to expand the literature beyond the Western context prompted the authors to conduct this study, which explores how the distinctive aspects of Chinese culture might influence educational leadership. Drawing upon empirical evidence from 42 semi-structured interviews with faculty members in a Chinese university, this study suggests that the development of leadership towards a more distributed or shared model is heavily influenced by cultural aspects such as harmony and socialism, but that even in organisations in which institutional leadership is hierarchical, it is possible for departmental leadership to be less so.

PurposeWomen with a first-degree family history of breast cancer (FHBC) are sometimes advised to initiate screening mammography when they are 10 years younger than the age at which their youngest relative was diagnosed, despite a lack of unambiguous evidence that this is an effective strategy. It is unknown how often this results in women initiating screening earlier (< 40 years) than screening guidelines recommend for average-risk women.MethodsWe examined screening initiation age by FHBC and age at diagnosis of the youngest relative using data collected by the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium on 74,838 first screening mammograms performed between 1996 and 2016.ResultsOf the 74,838 women included in the study, nearly 9% reported a FHBC. Approximately 16.8% of women who initiated mammography before 40 years reported a FHBC. More women with a FHBC than without initiated screening < 40 years (48% vs. 23%, respectively). Among women with a FHBC who initiated screening < 40 years, 65% were 10 years younger than the age at which their relative was diagnosed.ConclusionWomen with a first-degree relative diagnosed with breast cancer were more likely to start screening before 40 years than women reporting no FHBC, especially if their relative was diagnosed before 50 years.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic agent that is used topically to treat actinic keratoses. Although topical 5-FU frequently causes irritant contact dermatitis at the site of application, distant skin reactions are rare and could relate to accidental transfer or systemic absorption of the drug. We present a patient who developed a painful scrotal dermatitis after applying the topical cream to actinic keratoses on his chest. Upon discontinuation of topical 5-FU, the reaction resolved over a four-week period with oral prednisone and topical betamethasone ointment. The patient was re-challenged with topical 5-FU one year later and again developed scrotal pain and erythema similar to the initial reaction. Scrotal dermatitis is a rare adverse effect of topical 5-FU therapy that can be associated with significant distress and disruption of daily activities.

Blood samples from birds are used to address a wide variety of questions and to assess individual attributes such as gender, condition, and physiological status. As the use of blood samples expands, researchers have begun to investigate whether sampling has negative impacts on the individuals being sampled. The majority of studies to date have examined survival probability, mostly finding no detectable effect on survival or recapture rate. Significantly fewer studies have looked for effects of collecting a blood sample on measures of reproductive success. Of those that have, none found a detectable effect unless both parents were bled prior to incubation. Since fitness is determined by both survival and reproductive success, we used data from a population of Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) in northeastern Pennsylvania for which no negative effect of blood sampling on apparent survival was found and tested whether taking a blood sample affected measures of reproductive success. We found no evidence that clutch size, egg volume, number of offspring fledged. and nest success/failure differed between bled and unbled birds, suggesting minimal impact of blood collection in this population. Received 5 February 2022. Accepted 17 September 2022. Key words: blood sample, clutch size, multi-brooded, nest success, songbird. Las muestras de sangre de aves son usadas para responder una serie de interrogantcs y evaluar atributos individuates como el genera, la condition y cl estatus fisiologico. Conforme se ha expandido el uso dc muestras de sangre. los investigadores nan empezado a preguntarse si cstc mucstreo ticne iinpactos negatives en los individuos muestreados. La mayoria de esrudios a la fecha han examinado probabilidad de sobrevivencia. eneontrando principalmcnte que no habia efecto detectable en la sobrevivencia o la tasa de recaptura. Significativamente menos cstudios han investigado los efectos de la toma dc muestra en medidas dc cxito reproductive. De los que lo hicicron, ninguno encontro efectos dctcctablcs a menos que ambos padres hicran sangrados prcvio a la incubation. Puesto que la capacidad adaptativa se detemiina tanto por la sobrevivencia como por el cxito reproductivo. usamos datos dc una poblacion de ehingolo campestre (Spizella pusilla} del noreste dc Pensilvania. para la cual no se habia encontrado efectos negatives del mucstreo de sangre en sobrevivencia aparcntc y probamos si tomar una muestra dc sangre afectaba sus medidas de cxito reproductivo. No encontramos evidencia de que el tamano de puesta. cl volumen de huevo, cl numero dc crias que se emanciparon y cxito/fallo de anidaeion difiricran entrc aves sangradas y no sangradas. lo que sugicrc un impacto minimo de la toma de sangre en esta poblacion. Palabras clave: ave canora. cxito de anidaeion. mucstreo de sangre. multiples pucstas, tamano dc puesta., Avian blood parameters are used to address a wide variety of questions and to assess individual attributes such as gender, condition, and physiological status (e.g., Griffiths et al. 1996, Guglielmo [...]

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV; family Peribunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus) is a mosquitoborne virus that belongs to the California serogroup. Although rare, JCV infection in humans can cause acute febrile encephalitis, meningitis, [...]

Student engagement is regarded as a critical educational outcome. However, it has proven to be elusive to educators within technical domains, such as marketing research and analytics, which has inspired the exploration of experiential course design elements. Client-sponsored projects (CSPs) have become a popular tactic to meet this objective in such courses. The authors utilize a mixed-methods design to examine CSPs and their effectiveness in marketing research and analytics courses. In Study 1, qualitative research yields student insights regarding the desired characteristics of a CSP. Study 2 illustrates that CSPs boost student engagement through perceptions of course relevance. However, students' subjective interest in the client represented a boundary condition for this effect. That is, CSPs did not offer value to students who lacked inherent interest in the client. In Study 3, a discrete choice model analysis outlined what attributes make clients interesting for students. Finally, Study 4 utilizes a field experiment to identify project-framing tactics that increase student interest through enhanced client familiarity. A series of recommendations are provided to maximize the efficacy of CSPs to marketing research and analytics courses.

Combined elevated sputum eosinophils+neutrophils in asthma associated with lowest lung function, greater healthcare utilization, and longitudinally, further spirometric loss, implicating cell-cell interactions or overlapping inflammatory pathways while increased eosinophils or neutrophils alone show less effect.