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Examines new information on critical life-sustaining technologies In its fourth edition, this highly respected resource for the cardiac surgery nurse provides the latest research findings and practical insights into providing exemplary cardiac nursing care, reflecting significant advances made in the cardiac field. This edition features an expanded chapter on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) and a new chapter highlighting the complex protocols around Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Additionally, this new edition examines several new surgical techniques and their implications for nursing care. Featuring vital information for both new and seasoned nurses, this resource emphasizes evidence-based practices to ensure its information is current and clinically relevant. Purchase includes online access via most mobile devices or computers. New to the Fourth Edition: Delivers new information on ECMO and other life-saving mechanical support devices, as well as new details on ERAS in cardiac patient care Examines several new surgical techniques and their nursing implications Provides increased focus on patient-centered care Key Features: Serves as a handy pocket reference for new and experienced cardiac care nurses Provides information in quick-access format Organized for easy access to pathophysiology, equipment, procedures, and pre- and post-op specialty care

Strokes are divided into two groups: ischemic strokes (85%) and hemorrhagic strokes (15%). Brain tissue is very sensitive to ischemia. When the blood flow is interrupted in the vessels feeding the brain, permanent damage occurs within minutes in the areas fed by that vessel. Especially in large vessel occlusions, an irreversible area called ischemic nucleus occurs in areas where the minute blood flow falls below the critical level. There are different blood flow belts that increase from the regions surrounding the ischemic nucleus towards the periphery and are fed by collateral vascular systems. Infarcts have not yet occurred in these areas under ischemic stress. This region is called the penumbra. This area can be saved by opening the vessel in suitable patients presented in the acute period. This is valid for vascular occlusion, but not for brain hemorrhages. Rarely, if an aneurysm is detected in subarachnoid hemorrhages, angiographic intervention may be required to prevent re-bleeding. Early and appropriate treatment of a stroke, which is important in terms of mortality and morbidity, is of vital importance. In our book, the identification and prevention of risk factors, as well as stroke treatment, will be covered. In this context, our book is intended to be a resource for medical doctors and students.

Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19 examines the effects of the virus on the body, as well as its transmission and clinical profile. This volume begins with an introduction to the virus and its pathogenesis, transmission, and avoidance, followed by sections on pulmonary and cardiovascular effects, obesity, diabetes, the liver, detection issues, and biomarkers. Vaccines and treatment are also discussed. Specific case studies covered include hypoxia, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and neurological effects. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19. - Discusses COVID-19 biology, including pathogenesis and transmission - Describes systemic issues caused by COVID-19, including cardiovascular effects and loss of taste and smell - Outlines detection methods, biomarkers associated with severity, and disease outcomes - Features individual chapter introductions, summaries, and case studies to provide comprehensive descriptions of COVID-19 symptoms and effects - Contains chapters with key facts, dictionary of terms, summary points, applications to other areas pertinent to each chapter, and policies and procedures

Are you looking to advance your professional development through certification? Do you need a reliable and credible reference resource? No matter where you are in the process, make sure you have the most valuable review and resource tool at your disposal. The Family Nurse Practitioner Review and Resource Manual, 6th Edition is a newly revised, must-have tool for nurses planning to take the American Nurses Credentialing Center's (ANCC) Family Nurse Practitioner certification exam and other board certification exams. Key features: Based on the official ANCC certification exam content outline and exam reference list Comprehensive chapters broken down by topic area and written by nursing experts Case studies and discussion at the end of each chapter Over180 multiple choice practice questions with answers and rationale. Advice one preparing for and taking the certification exam

Meet the diverse health care needs of older adults! Explore effective ways to enhance the wellness and independence of older adults across the wellness-illness continuum, including acute, primary, and long-term care. From an overview of the theories of aging and assessment through the treatment of disorders, including complex illnesses, this evidence-based book provides the comprehensive gerontological coverage you need to prepare for your role as an Advanced Practice Nurse. With information on healthy aging, comprehensive geriatric assessment, and common symptoms and illnesses that present in older adults, this text serves as a guide for students preparing for boards, as well as a reliable source of information for practicing nurses. Five Stars “To the point resources on geriatric conditions/syndromes. Very easy to read/access the content you need…bulleted and formatted for quick reference. Helpful sections on evidence-based guidelines.”—Ben, Online Reviewer Should be titled'GET THIS BOOK NOW!'“GREAT book for my new job...I've been an NP to college students and in urgent care, but this is the first time I've been a nurse practitioner for a geriatric house call practice and this book is perfect. I am really enjoying the format, the timely and research backed treatment protocols and the compassionate, well written style for advising anyone in the business of taking care of old folks! This is a must-read for all medical people but is especially suited to a Geriatric NP or Family Practice NP who see elderly patients regularly.”—Online Reviewer Expanded, Revised & Updated! Thoroughly updated to reflect the art and the science of care of the older adult as well as the newest evidence and changes in health care Expanded! Coverage of approximately 20 new disorders New Chapter! Settings of Care New Chapter Online! Infectious Diseases with coverage of COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, and more New! Coverage of LGBTQ+ and transgender issues in Chapter 2 Body systems chapters covering common disorders in the older adult Coverage of psychosocial issues that can affect the health and wellness of the older adult, family, and society. Polypharmacy information to guide you through the complexity of prescribing for older adults taking multiple medications “Signal Symptoms” feature to help you quickly target potential differential diagnoses Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT), a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in medical literature which provides a direct reference to evidence-based practice recommendations for clinicians to consider in the care of older adults In-text case studies to provide further practice and review

'Nearly 100 expert authors who discuss the evidence-based gold standards for diagnostics and tests for optimal detection of multisystem disorders, patient management, and transitions of care. In these chapters, learners will gain greater understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of acute and critical illnesses, and the latest in advanced pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies… We congratulate the Editors and chapter authors for their efforts in developing a clearly outlined and accurate text for AGACNP use—truly the first of its kind.'—April N. Kapu, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, FAANP, FCCM, FAAN Associate Dean for Clinical and Community Partnerships Vanderbilt University School of Nursing Professor of Nursing, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing 2021-2023 President, American Association of Nurse Practitioners —Ruth Kleinpell, PhD, APRN, ACNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN, MCCM Associate Dean for Clinical Scholarship, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing Professor of Nursing, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing 2017 President, Society of Critical Care Medicine Encompassing all of the knowledge required to fulfill AACN and NONPF competencies and scope of practice, this comprehensive, evidence-based text is the first written specifically for Adult Gerontology Acute Care NP students and practitioners. With contributions from over 100 respected practitioners in the field, it encompasses the most current information on the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of common conditions, and integrates advanced nursing practice competencies including leadership skills, understanding of complex health care systems, and interprofessional team practice. The text is organized by body system for ease of reference. Each chapter includes a review of the current standard of care for a particular topic, including assessment, differential diagnostic modalities, interprofessional collaboration, evidence-based treatment, and goals for transitions of care. Also covered are specific challenges and professional considerations in acute care. Clinical pearls and key takeaway boxes are woven throughout to underscore essential information. Special topics on palliative care, pain, and pain management are also covered. Instructor resources include PowerPoints and a test bank. Key Features: A comprehensive acute care textbook written by NPs for NPs Organized by body system for ease of reference Integrates advanced nursing practice competencies Promotes leadership skills, helps students to understand complex health care systems, and embodies core principles of interprofessional team practice Includes clinical pearls, key takeaway boxes, evidence-based practice resources Delivers robust teaching/learning package

The definitive certification review for CVRN exam success! Mirroring the CVRN Certification exam blueprint in style and content, this is the most current and comprehensive review guide available. Written in a user-friendly style, this review provides a concise and focused survey of the most important aspects of cardiovascular care. Cardiac nursing experts deliver essential information in an easy-to-follow outline format that includes a glossary, bulleted key points, patient scenarios, clinical pearls, case studies, references, and practice Q&As in each chapter. Colorful charts and illustrations clarify complex information, and a complete practice exam at the end of the book provides a targeted assessment of test readiness. This review contains preparatory information about the CVRN certification exam, including eligibility criteria, how to apply, guidance on best study practices, and a test content outline. A complete practice exam with more than 350 exam-style questions with rationales enables readers to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This text also contains further resources and best references for more-in-depth learning. Key Features: Includes a glossary, bulleted key points, patient scenarios, clinical pearls, case studies, references, and practice Q&As in each chapter Over 350 exam-style questions with complete rationales Provides a complete practice exam to determine test readiness

Master core content areas. Test your knowledge. Prepare for certification and clinical practice. Assure that you have the in-depth understanding of advanced pathophysiology, advanced pharmacology, advanced health assessment, diagnostic reasoning, clinical decision making, and the interplay between these concepts that are required for exam success. In addition to an-depth review of core content, you'll also have access to Davis Edge, the online Q&A platform that creates quizzes based on your personal strengths and weaknesses and tracks your progress every step of the way. Approximately 240 questions in the book and 1,000 questions online at Davis Edge parallel the domain and content areas of the examination outlines of both the American Nurses Credentialing Center and the American Association of Critical Care. Answers and in-depth rationales for correct and incorrect responses advance your mastery and understanding. And, like the exam, the questions focus on analysis and synthesis of information rather than memorization.

Emerging Nanomedicines for Diabetes Mellitus Theranostics provides readers with information on the development of efficacious nanomedicines as potential theranostic agents for diabetes. The book discusses the application of various novel nanomaterials and nanocomposites for targeted delivery of insulin, glucose sensing, including nano-tattoos as glucose monitors, biosynthesized nanoparticles for diabetes treatment, and pre-clinical and clinical assays to evaluate the efficacy of nanomedicines for diabetes treatment. This is an important references source for materials scientists, pharmaceutical scientists and biomedical engineers who want to increase their understanding of how nanotechnology is being used to improve diabetes treatment. Diabetes has emerged as one of the most common diseases associated with lifestyle choices in the modern world, with significant mortality rates. Conventional treatment methods mainly involve insulin-based therapies. However, insulin therapy possesses several limitations such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Thus, advanced research in nanomedicine is targeting the development of new and improved diagnostics and treatment methods for diabetes. - Explores the significance of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for the controlled delivery of insulin and effective diagnosis of diabetes - Assesses the efficacy of novel nano-tattoos as an emerging glucose monitoring system and the potential of biosynthesized nanoparticles as pharmaceutical ingredients for diabetes treatment - Describes various pre-clinical and clinical assays to evaluate the toxicity of nanomedicines, along with methods to mitigate the challenges associated with effective diabetes therapy via the use of nanorobots, nanoformulations and smartphone-based technologies

Heart failure is an increasingly prevalent syndrome worldwide with a high impact on quality of life and survival. Although there have been great advances in the treatment of this condition that effectively increase survival, mortality remains unacceptably high, exceeding 40% at 5 years, which is worse than a large number of cancers. Furthermore, patients with advanced heart failure are a particular subgroup with higher hospitalizations and mortality, with a short-term survival that can be as low as 50% in the case of cardiogenic shock. Heart transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for these patients when other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have failed, with a 1-year survival of approximately 90%. However, not all patients are suitable candidates for this procedure, and knowing the indications as well as the contraindications for heart transplantation is essential for appropriate patient selection. Heart Transplantation: Indications, Postoperative Management and Long-Term Outcomes is a highly illustrated, didactic book that comprehensively describes the pretransplant assessment of the advanced heart failure patient, the perioperative management of heart transplantation, and the early and late complications of the heart transplant recipient. It also covers special situations in heart transplantation such as Chagas cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic/restrictive cardiomyopathy and pediatric heart transplantation. This book is intended for cardiology fellows in training, surgeons, cardiologists, internists, and other health professionals involved in the care of heart transplant patients.

Focusing on the practice of biophotonic imaging, Biomedical Optical Imaging: From Nanoscopy to Tomography covers mainstream techniques and their applications and features up-to-date information on their use. The book covers nanoscopic imaging (super-resolution microscopy), microscopic imaging, and macroscopic imaging (optical tomography) in detail. The book also covers the history of biomedical optical imaging, photon-tissue interactions, and an overview of future directions. Key features include: • A tutorial approach to methods making it suited to applied users • Coverage of the latest developments and techniques Biomedical Optical Imaging: From Nanoscopy to Tomography serves as a professional reference for research scientists working in optical and biomedical imaging. Clinicians and medical professionals working in imaging and medical imaging will also find this book a useful resource. It is an excellent textbook for pre- or post-doctoral researchers and senior undergraduate students.

Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Medicine addresses the ever-expanding applications of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML), in healthcare and within cardiovascular medicine. The book focuses on emphasizing ML for biomedical applications and provides a comprehensive summary of the past and present of AI, basics of ML, and clinical applications of ML within cardiovascular medicine for predictive analytics and precision medicine. It helps readers understand how ML works along with its limitations and strengths, such that they can could harness its computational power to streamline workflow and improve patient care. It is suitable for both clinicians and engineers; providing a template for clinicians to understand areas of application of machine learning within cardiovascular research; and assist computer scientists and engineers in evaluating current and future impact of machine learning on cardiovascular medicine. - Provides an overview of machine learning, both for a clinical and engineering audience - Summarize recent advances in both cardiovascular medicine and artificial intelligence - Discusses the advantages of using machine learning for outcomes research and image processing - Addresses the ever-expanding application of this novel technology and discusses some of the unique challenges associated with such an approach

Fungi are the renowned eukaryotic organisms. They are heterotrophs like animals, some plants and bacteria and studied under the separate branch of science ‘Mycology'. They are abundantly found worldwide as yeasts, moulds, mushrooms etc. Due to the discovery of the different types of fungi, their working styles, habitats, their growing style, culture, sources and optimum locality, fungi have been classified separately from the other eukaryotes like animal and plants. In modern time, there are a number of diseases known which have been caused by fungi but many more significant and useful functions of them are also known and well discovered. Their various positive roles in medicines, remediation, food industries, agriculture, paper and pulp industries, chemical industries, biological researches etc. make them highly significant objectives for researchers and scientists. They also secrete a number of biologically valuable enzymes which further enhance their utility in the field of biotechnology. Their worldwide distributions make them easily available for the research. A number of researches in the field of fungal biotechnology are currently running in order to explore their momentous properties related to their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values. In this regard, the deep study of their detailed properties, sources, culture, secretion of enzymes, isolation techniques, characterization, kinetics etc. are highly required. Handy nature, very easy language, scientific writing style and advanced research materials of this book make this interesting and highly helpful for the readers and researchers of the field of life sciences, biochemistry and biotechnology to conduct their research. Students of undergraduate and post graduate courses of life sciences/biochemistry/biotechnology will also highly benefit from this book. This book has recent, descriptive as well as up to date information on the recent developments in the world of fungi in the form 17 chapters (divided in two sections: section A and section B) prepared by admirable scientific collaborations. Each chapter has been written by worldwide eminent experts of their scientific research fields. This book covered several valuable and promising topics: (i) Diversity, distribution and classification of fungi; (ii) Isolation, identification and characterization of fungi; (iii) Study of the fungal culture, growth, production, optimization etc.; (iv) Rhizospheric fungi, endophytic fungi, lichens, pathogens and secondary metabolites; (v) Fungal properties and applications, biologically potential mushrooms, nutraceutical applications, pharmaceutical applications and bioconversions of wastes materials etc.; (vi) Secretion of the different enzymes from fungi; (vii) Fungal enzymes, their purification, characterization, kinetics, properties and applications in the field of biotechnology.

Over thiry-five experts contribute to this publication about the various interactions and interrelationships of the parameters which affect the normal and ischemic heart. Mechanical aspects related to the global and regional function of the heart are discussed. Coronary perfusion of the ischemic heart is considered, with emphasis on the effects of reperfusion. Electrical activation, formation of arrhythmias, and the effects of ischemia or ionic transport in the myocardium are presented. Metabolic aspects of the ischemic heart, including calcium transport, are also explained.

This publication is a compendium of physical principles, system descriptions, instrument quality assurance, and clinical applications of extant tomographic methods in nuclear medicine. Written by an expert in this pertinent field, each chapter deals with the topics in a comprehensive fashion to provide a ready reference of all the work done on the subject and an estimate of the future utilization. Descriptions of methods available to nuclear medicine for tomographic viewing include positron emission, single photon emission, and planar tomography. This is an excellent resource volume of general applicability for nuclear medicine physicians, nuclear medicine scientists, and researchers in organ imaging and processing techniques.

As a fast-growing imaging technology, photoacoustic (PA) imaging synergistically combines electromagnetic and ultrasonic waves providing higher contrast and resolution than conventional ultrasound imaging. This book presents the latest developments in this field, especially the advances in the detection of diseases using newly developed PA techniques.

This book provides an overview of the world market of therapeutic enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, rare diseases, orphan drugs, the costs of drug development and therapies, and enzymes in downstream processing of pharmaceuticals. It discusses carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their multiple drug interactions, carboxylesterase inhibitors for pharmaceutical applications, employment of inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, use of engineered proteins, bioactive peptides, and fibrinolytic enzymes for thrombolytic therapy, and enzymes important for the design and development of new drugs/drug metabolites such as aldehyde oxidases and cytochrome P450 enzymes and the role the latter play in vascular biology and pathophysiology. The treatment of cancer is explored in connection with enzymatic amino acid deprivation therapies and new drugs that act as chemical degraders of oncogenic proteins. The book also introduces the resistance mechanisms of cancer. Furthermore, it provides an insight into the relationship between pathological conditions of cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress. The text also focuses on the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers for enzymes with medical relevance, computer-aided drug design for the identification of multi-target directed ligands, and the development of improved therapeutics through a glycan-“designer” approach. It concludes with an introduction to the chemoenzymatic synthesis of drugs.

First published in 1995: Combining the established disciplines of pharmacokinetics (PK), the relationship between drug concentration and time, and pharmacodynamics (PD), the relationship between drug effects and concentration, this handbook examines the relevant relationship between drug effects and time.

This book is made possible by the enthusiastic contributions of the authors of the chapters. They have been invited from young and active scientists in the field of t-PA research. I am grateful for their contribution and for the fact that all accepted the specifications of their chapter in order to obtain a structured book. Inevitably, some overlap does exist; on the one hand to enable controversial or unsettled areas to be discussed by the different experts with a different approach and background.It is a particular pleasure and honor that Dr. T. Astrup, as an eye-witness and essential contributor to the history of t-PA discovery and research, gives a unique account of the history of t-PA research in the first chapter of the book.

Biomedical Engineering in Gastrointestinal Surgery is a combination of engineering and surgical experience on the role of engineering in gastrointestinal surgery. There is currently no other book that combines engineering and clinical issues in this field, while engineering is becoming more and more important in surgery. This book is written to a high technical level, but also contains clear explanations of clinical conditions and clinical needs for engineers and students. Chapters covering anatomy and physiology are comprehensive and easy to understand for non-surgeons, while technologies are put into the context of surgical disease and anatomy for engineers. The authors are the two most senior members of the Institute for Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutic Interventions (MITI), which is pioneering this kind of collaboration between engineers and clinicians in minimally invasive surgery. MITI is an interdisciplinary platform for collaborative work of surgeons, gastroenterologists, biomedical engineers and industrial companies with mechanical and electronic workshops, dry laboratories and comprehensive facilities for animal studies as well as a fully integrated clinical'OR of the future'. - Written by the head of the Institute of Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutic Intervention (TUM MITI) which focusses on interdisciplinary cooperation in visceral medicine - Provides medical and anatomical knowledge for engineers and puts technology in the context of surgical disease and anatomy - Helps clinicians understand the technology, and use it safely and efficiently

The use of light for probing and imaging biomedical media is promising for the development of safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive clinical imaging modalities with diagnostic ability. The advent of ultrafast lasers has enabled applications of nonlinear optical processes, which allow deeper imaging in biological tissues with higher spatial resolution. This book provides an overview of emerging novel optical imaging techniques, Gaussian beam optics, light scattering, nonlinear optics, and nonlinear optical tomography of tissues and cells. It consists of pioneering works that employ different linear and nonlinear optical imaging techniques for deep tissue imaging, including the new applications of single- and multiphoton excitation fluorescence, Raman scattering, resonance Raman spectroscopy, second harmonic generation, stimulated Raman scattering gain and loss, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, and near-infrared and mid-infrared supercontinuum spectroscopy. The book is a comprehensive reference of emerging deep tissue imaging techniques for researchers and students working in various disciplines.

Focusing on the interdisciplinary team, this cardiovascular resource provides evidence-based knowledge and guidance for advanced practice nurses in a variety of care settings. Its clinically relevant and directly applicable information is presented in an accessible and well-organized format. The book encompasses clinical findings, diagnostic testing, state-of-the-art procedures, and therapeutic interventions commonly utilized in inpatient and outpatient clinical cardiology. It is specifically designed to meet the informational needs of advanced practice registered nurse providers and students including family nurse practitioners, adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, and clinical nurse specialists.The resource covers the range of cardiovascular conditions, both chronic and acute. It discusses the interdisciplinary cardiovascular care team; explains the cardiovascular history and clinical examination in nearly step-by-step detail; analyzes clinical findings; details common stable and urgent conditions; describes the preoperative cardiovascular evaluation; advises on the selection and appropriateness of laboratory evaluations and cardiovascular diagnostic studies; provides an overview of state-of-the-art procedures, including electrophysiology; and assesses therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle, pharmacotherapeutics, and invasive techniques. It supports the development of clinical judgment skills and therapeutic decision-making by considering the challenges presented through advances in technology and the increasing complexity of diagnostic procedures. An appendix features tables of relevant and essential cardiovascular guidelines for quick reference.Key Features: Details current and cutting-edge practices and contemporary issues in cardiovascular care Applies evidenced-based research findings to clinical practice Compares diagnostic testing options and therapeutic interventions Clarifies complex topics through use of tables, algorithms, images, and lists Identifies pertinent studies and resources for cardiovascular care Describes common cardiac procedures and screening methods Supports the development of clinical judgment skills and therapeutic decision-making

During the past two decades, there has been an increasing appreciation of the significant value that lifetime-based techniques can add to biomedical studies and applications of fluorescence. Bringing together perspectives of different research communities, Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging: Principles and Applications in Biomedical Dia

This issue of Heart Failure Clinics, devoted to Interventional and Device Therapy in Heart Failure, is edited by Deepak L. Bhatt and Michael R. Gold. Topics include The Role of Implantable Hemodynamic Monitors to Manage Heart Failure; Non-hemodynamic Parameters from Implantable Devices for Heart Failure Risk Stratification; Role of Percutaneous Revascularization in Patients to Improve Left Ventricular Function; Hemodynamic Support with Percutaneous Devices in Patients with Heart Failure; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Patients with Heart Failure; Percutaneous Intervention for Mitral Regurgitation; Percutaneous Left Ventricular Remodeling; Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure; Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Ablation of Atrial Arrhythmia in Patients with Heart Failure; Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmic in Patients with Heart Failure; and Autonomic Modulation.

From Neil Schneiderman's Foreword: Because behavioral medicine has been constructed based on the understanding of relationships among behavior, psychosocial processes, and sociocultural contexts, the field is well positioned to take a leadership role in informing future health care policies. The field of behavioral medicine appears to have a bright, important future…. A small sampling of entries from Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine: Abuse, child; Active coping; Adherence; Adrenaline; AIDS; Back pain; Behavioral medicine; Benefit-risk estimation; Binge eating; Bogalusa Heart Study; Cachexia; Cancer prevention; Cancer, testicular; Children's Health Study; Chronobiology; Coping strategies; Database development and management; Death, assisted; Developmental disabilities; Diabetes; Disparities; Eating disorders; Ecosocial theory; Effect modification; End-of-life care; Epigenetics; Expressive writing and health; Fallrisk behavior; Family practice/medicine; Family, relationships; Fatigue; Foot care; Functional somatic syndromes; Galvanic skin response ; Gender differences ; Gene-environment interaction; Genetic polymorphisms ; Genital herpes ; Hamilton Anxiety Scale; Headaches, types of; Health systems; Hearing loss; Heart failure; Heart rate; Illness behavior; Immune function; Insomnia; Integrative medicine; Ischemic heart disease; Kaposi sarcoma; Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Study; Learned helplessness; Lifespan; Lifestyle, sedentary; Lipid abnormalities; Loneliness; Lung function; Magnetic resonance imaging; Maternal stress; Mean (average); Medication compliance; Methodology; Mini Mental State Examination; National Cancer Institute; National Children's Study; Negative affect; Neuroendocrine activation; Nigh shift workers and health; Obesity; Occupational therapy; Organ transplantation; Osteopenia/osteoporosis; Oxytocin; Pain; Pain anxiety; Palliative care; Panicattack; Physical activity interventions; Placebo effect; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Racism; Randomized clinical trial; Regression analysis; Resilience; Risk perception; Risky behavior; Secondary prevention; Selye, Hans; Self-medication; Self-monitoring; Stress test; Successful aging; Tachycardia; Theory of planned behavior; Therapy, physical; Tinnitus; Twin studies; Unipolar depression; Usual care; Validity; Vasoconstriction; Vassopressin; Verbal Rating Scale; Weiss, Stephen M.; Women's health; Women's Health Initiative; Worry; Wound healing; Yoga; Zung Depression Inventory

Lasers have a wide and growing range of applications in medicine. Lasers for Medical Applications summarises the wealth of recent research on the principles, technologies and application of lasers in diagnostics, therapy and surgery.Part one gives an overview of the use of lasers in medicine, key principles of lasers and radiation interactions with tissue. To understand the wide diversity and therefore the large possible choice of these devices for a specific diagnosis or treatment, the respective types of the laser (solid state, gas, dye, and semiconductor) are reviewed in part two. Part three describes diagnostic laser methods, for example optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, optical biopsy, and time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy. Those methods help doctors to refine the scope of involvement of the particular body part or, for example, to specify the extent of a tumor. Part four concentrates on the therapeutic applications of laser radiation in particular branches of medicine, including ophthalmology, dermatology, cardiology, urology, gynecology, otorhinolaryngology (ORL), neurology, dentistry, orthopaedic surgery and cancer therapy, as well as laser coatings of implants. The final chapter includes the safety precautions with which the staff working with laser instruments must be familiar.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, this important book summarizes international achievements in the field of laser applications in medicine in the past 50 years. It provides a valuable contribution to laser medicine by outstanding experts in medicine and engineering. - Describes the interaction of laser light with tissue - Reviews every type of laser used in medicine: solid state, gas, dye and semiconductor - Describes the use of lasers for diagnostics

Biopharmaceuticals, an Industrial Perspective provides a unique and up-to-date insight into the biopharmaceutical industry. Largely written by industrial authors, its scope is multidisciplinary. Several chapters overview the production and medical applications of specific biopharmaceuticals. Other chapters detail additional relevant issues, including the stabilisation of biopharmaceutical products, EU biopharmaceutical regulatory affairs and biopharmaceutical patent law. A series of four chapters reviews important validation issues as applied to biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Additional issues considered include biopharmaceutical information technology as well as viral and non-viral gene therapy. The book is of particular relevance to scientists and allied professionals already employed in the biopharmaceutical industry, or to those seeking employment within this industry. Its scope also renders it an ideal reference source for students undertaking advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses in biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, biochemistry or medicine.

This book attempts to focus on the most important clinical aspects of ischaemic heart disease. Clearly, in no way is it supposed to be a comprehensive review of the subject, but it does attempt to address the most important topics for everyday practising clinicians. The question of epidemiology is topical both in the lay and medical press and is, therefore, covered in some detail. It is the editor's opinion that proper understanding of the clinical manifestations of the disease and, therefore, subsequent investigation and treatment are based on a detailed understanding of the pathology and pathophysiology, and as a result these subjects have also been covered in detail. In the last decade there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of angina and also the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of both angina and myocardial infarction. Again, if appropriate investigations and treatment are to be undertaken, they can only be done with the proper knowledge of the disease being investigated. Finally, the investigation and management of the various mani­ festations of ischaemic heart disease have been addressed. In the last ten years there has been an explosion in the drugs available for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease and how they should be used has become much more sophisticated. The place of coronary artery surgery has now been rationalized and angioplasty provides an important adjunct to treatment.

F.J.Th. WACKERS Metabolic imaging: The future of cardiovascular nuclear imaging? Since cardiovascular nuclear imaging emerged as a new subspecialty in the mid-1970s, the field has gone through an explosive growth. Radionuclide techniques became readily recognized as important new diagnostic aids in the armamentarium of the clinical cardiologist. Initially, cardiovascular nuclear imaging focused on static myocardial imaging using either thallium-201 or technetium-99m-pyrophosphate for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. Shortly thereafter, multigated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography became the most widely used noninvasive method for assessing cardiac function. Furthermore, attention and clinical application shifted towards the use of radionuclide techniques in conjunction with exercise testing, either with thallium-20 1 myocardial perfusion imaging or technetium-99m left ventricular function studies. The future of cardiovascular nuclear imaging appeared exciting and promising. However, around 1980 pessimists predicted the premature demise of cardiovascular nuclear imaging with the introduction of digital subtraction angiography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. These doomsayers have been proven wrong: in 1985 cardiovascular nuclear imaging is thriving and, in many centers, even expanding. Although digital substraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging provided exquisite anatomic detail, for practical evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease - in the Coronary Care Unit or exercise laboratory - nuclear techniques appeared to be more practical.

Since the introduction of coronary angioplasty in 1977, this procedure has gained a steadily increasing position in the treatment of coronary artery obstmction. From the available evidence it can be estimated, that this thera­ peutic tool will get even more additional momentum of many ten-thousands of patients to be treated in the next few years, due to a growing fraction of patients who are candidates for this intervention. Information about the indications, benefits and risks of coronary angioplasty is accumulating rapidly in addition to publications about refinements of the technique itself. Recently, a number of investigators have realized that coronary angioplasty is not only a therapeutic tool, but can, during the procedure, be used as a source of diagnostic information. When the catheter is placed in a coronary artery obstruction, inflation of the balloon produces transient myocardial ischemia. Before, during, and after this period of severe ischemia, studies of the perfor­ mance of the myocardium at risk can be carried out. The fact that therapeutic coronary angioplasty is carried out in a cardiac catheterization laboratory which is by definition optimally equipped for the measurement of hemodynamic parameters, has probably also contributed to the effectuation of these investigations. The combination of hemodynamic and biochemical parameters with morphological information from the coronary angiogram can be utilized for the quantification of myocardial involvement and the success of coronary dilatation with angioplasty. Studies of interactions with pharmacological substances are also feasible and informative.

Coronary flow reserve is a functional measure of stenosis severity re­ flecting the integrated effects of its geometry including percent stenosis, absolute lumen area, length and shape. Its clinical application has been primarily qualitative in non-invasive, perfusion imaging. Measurement of coronary flow reserve during routine coronary arte­ riography has been an elusive goal. Transit time and indicator dilution techniques for assessing coronary flow reserve at cardiac catheteriza­ tion are associated with marked variability compared to microspheres or flow meters, thereby making their use questionable in comparison to the precision of good quantitative arteriography. Coronary flow reserve measured by special Doppler catheters as an adjunct to coronary arte­ riography shows in man the value of this integrated functional measure of stenosis severity and the limitations of percent diameter narrowing as a measure of its physiologic significance. However, Doppler catheters require additional instrumentation that is not yet an integral part of coronary arteriography and provide measures of absolute coronary flow reserve only. Relative maximum flow or relative flow reserve has been demon­ strated to be an important independent, complimentary descriptor of stenosis severity independent of fluctuating hemodynamic conditions. The method developed for DSA by Nico Pijls, described in this book is the first approach for assessing relative coronary flow reserve as a part of routine coronary arteriography by DSA. The theory and basic con­ cepts are well developed, experimental validation thorough and clinical applications timely.