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151. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood:an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Møller, Søren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Møller, Søren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a2 = 0.42) and girls (a2 = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different e, Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a2 = 0.42) and girls (a2 = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.

Published
2016

152. Smoking and risk for psoriasis:a population-based twin study

Author

Lønnberg, Ann Sophie, Skov, Lone, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Pedersen, Ole Birger, Thomsen, Simon Francis, Lønnberg, Ann Sophie, Skov, Lone, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Pedersen, Ole Birger, and Thomsen, Simon Francis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a potential risk factor for psoriasis. Both psoriasis and smoking habits are partly explained by genetic factors. However, twin studies investigating the association between these traits are limited.METHODS: Questionnaire-based data on smoking habits and psoriasis were collected for 34,781 twins, aged 20-71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry. A co-twin control analysis was performed on 1700 twin pairs discordant for lifetime history of smoking. Genetic and environmental correlations between smoking and psoriasis were estimated using classical twin modeling.RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment, age group (50-71 vs. 20-49 years) and childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were significantly associated with psoriasis in the whole population (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.29 [P = 0.021] and OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.49 [P = 0.002], respectively). Risk for psoriasis increased substantially (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.82-2.61; P < 0.001) for smokers with a history of >5 pack-years, even after adjusting for age, sex, and childhood ETS. Among twin pairs discordant for smoking, risk for psoriasis in the ever-smoking twin was lower among monozygotic twins (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.59-2.56; P = 0.578) than among same-sex dizygotic twins (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.36-3.58; P = 0.001). Genetic factors explained 20% (14-25%; P < 0.001) of the correlation between psoriasis and smoking, whereas non-shared environmental factors explained 8% (0-22%; P = 0.504).CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco consumption and childhood ETS are significantly associated with psoriasis. Results indicate shared genetic factors for smoking and psoriasis.

Published
2016

153. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood:An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Möller, Sören, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Möller, Sören, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1–19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

154. Genetic Factors Explain Variation in the Age at Onset of Psoriasis:A Population-based Twin Study

Author

Lønnberg, Ann Sophie, Skov, Lone, Duffy, David Lorenzo, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Pedersen, Ole Birger, Thomsen, Simon Francis, Lønnberg, Ann Sophie, Skov, Lone, Duffy, David Lorenzo, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Pedersen, Ole Birger, and Thomsen, Simon Francis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the age at onset of psoriasis in a population-based twin sample. Questionnaire-data in 10,725 twin pairs, 20-71 years of age, from the Danish Twin Registry, was collected, and analysed using survival regression analysis. Median age at onset was 25 and 28 years among women and men, respectively. The correlation between the ages was 0.84 (bootstrap standard error?=?0.044) in monozygotic twin pairs and 0.60 (0.051) in dizygotic twin pairs, permutation p?=?0.001. Age at onset of psoriasis in the index twin did not predict risk of psoriasis in the co-twin, hazard ratio (per year of later onset =?1.01 (0.99-1.03), p?=?0.434. In conclusion, these data support that the age at onset of psoriasis is, in part, an inherited property. Our results do not support that early-onset psoriasis is more genetically determined.

Published
2016

155. The Heritability of Breast Cancer among women in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer.

Author

Möller, Sören, Mucci, Lorelei A, Harris, Jennifer R, Scheike, Thomas, Holst, Klaus, Halekoh, Ulrich, Adami, Hans-Olov, Czene, Kamila, Christensen, Kaare, Holm, Niels V, Pukkala, Eero, Skytthe, Axel, Kaprio, Jaakko, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Möller, Sören, Mucci, Lorelei A, Harris, Jennifer R, Scheike, Thomas, Holst, Klaus, Halekoh, Ulrich, Adami, Hans-Olov, Czene, Kamila, Christensen, Kaare, Holm, Niels V, Pukkala, Eero, Skytthe, Axel, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Hjelmborg, Jacob B

Abstract

Background Family history is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Although some important genetic factors have been identified, the extent to which familial risk can be attributed to genetic factors versus common environment remains unclear. Methods We estimated the familial concordance and heritability of breast cancer among 21,054 monozygotic and 30,939 dizygotic female twin pairs from the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer, the largest twin study of cancer in the world. We accounted for left-censoring, right-censoring, as well as the competing risk of death. Results From 1943 through 2010, 3,933 twins were diagnosed with breast cancer. The cumulative lifetime incidence of breast cancer taking competing risk of death into account was 8.1% for both zygosities, while the cumulative risk for twins whose co-twins had breast cancer was 28% among monozygotic and 20% among dizygotic twins. The heritability of liability to breast cancer was 31% (95% CI 10% - 51%) and the common environmental component was 16% (95% CI 10% - 32%). For pre-menopausal breast cancer these estimates were 27% and 12%, respectively and for postmenopausal breast cancer 22% and 16%, respectively. The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors were constant between ages 50 and 96. Our results are compatible with the Peto-Mack hypothesis. Conclusion Our findings indicate that familial factors explain almost half of the variation in liability to develop breast cancer, and results were similar for pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer. Impact We estimate heritability of breast cancer, taking until now ignored sources of bias into account.

Published
2016

158. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J, additional, Jang, Kerry L, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E, additional, Mack, Thomas M, additional, Gao, Wenjing, additional, Yu, Canqing, additional, Li, Liming, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H, additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, McAdams, Tom A, additional, Eley, Thalia C, additional, Gregory, Alice M, additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L, additional, Silberg, Judy L, additional, Eaves, Lindon J, additional, Maes, Hermine H, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M, additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Freitas, Duarte L, additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Chong, Youngsook, additional, Swan, Gary E, additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Haworth, Claire MA, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Harden, K Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y, additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Baker, Laura A, additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Duncan, Glen E, additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Goldberg, Jack H, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2016
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160. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Sund, Reijo, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Gao, Wenjing, additional, Yu, Canqing, additional, Li, Liming, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2016
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163. The Heritability of Breast Cancer among Women in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer

Author

Möller, Sören, primary, Mucci, Lorelei A., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Scheike, Thomas, additional, Holst, Klaus, additional, Halekoh, Ulrich, additional, Adami, Hans-Olov, additional, Czene, Kamila, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Holm, Niels V., additional, Pukkala, Eero, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Hjelmborg, Jacob B., additional

Published
2016
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164. The CODATwins Project : The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.

Published
2015
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165. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age : A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015
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166. The CODATwins Project:The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes., For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.

Published
2015

167. Comorbidity between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes:A nation-wide cohort twin study

Author

Meteran, Howraman, Backer, Vibeke, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Skytthe, Axel, Thomsen, Simon Francis, Meteran, Howraman, Backer, Vibeke, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Skytthe, Axel, and Thomsen, Simon Francis

Abstract

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with several systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that comorbidity between COPD and type 2 diabetes is due to shared genetic factors. Aim To examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and chronic bronchitis and COPD in adult twins, and to examine to what extent comorbidity between these diseases is explained by shared genetic or environmental factors. Methods Questionnaire data on chronic bronchitis and hospital discharge data on diagnosed COPD in 13,649 twins, aged 50–71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry were cross-linked with hospital discharge diagnosis data on type 2 diabetes from the Danish National Patient Registry. Results The risk of type 2 diabetes was higher in persons with symptoms of chronic bronchitis than in those without symptoms (3.5 vs. 2.3%), OR = 1.57 (1.10–2.26), p = 0.014, and in individuals with diagnosed COPD than in those without the diagnosis (6.6 vs. 2.3%), OR = 2.62 (1.63–4.2), p < 0.001. The results were significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and BMI. Correlations between genetic effects on chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes, and between genetic effects on diagnosed COPD and type 2 diabetes, respectively, were 0.33 (0.00–0.79), p = 0.103, and 0.43 (0.00–0.98), p = 0.154. Non-shared environmental correlations between chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes were −0.13 (−0.43 to 0), p = 0.498 and diagnosed COPD and type 2 diabetes −0.12 (−0.48 to 0), p = 0.665. Conclusions Patients with chronic bronchitis or COPD have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes independent of sex, age, smoking and BMI. The genetic correlation between type 2 diabetes and chronic bronchitis was 33% and type 2 diabetes and COPD was 43%, however neither were statistically significant. The increased risk of type 2 diabetes should be accommodated in the management of patients with chronic bronchitis, BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with several systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that comorbidity between COPD and type 2 diabetes is due to shared genetic factors.AIM: To examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and chronic bronchitis and COPD in adult twins, and to examine to what extent comorbidity between these diseases is explained by shared genetic or environmental factors.METHODS: Questionnaire data on chronic bronchitis and hospital discharge data on diagnosed COPD in 13,649 twins, aged 50-71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry were cross-linked with hospital discharge diagnosis data on type 2 diabetes from the Danish National Patient Registry.RESULTS: The risk of type 2 diabetes was higher in persons with symptoms of chronic bronchitis than in those without symptoms (3.5 vs. 2.3%), OR = 1.57 (1.10-2.26), p = 0.014, and in individuals with diagnosed COPD than in those without the diagnosis (6.6 vs. 2.3%), OR = 2.62 (1.63-4.2), p < 0.001. The results were significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and BMI. Correlations between genetic effects on chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes, and between genetic effects on diagnosed COPD and type 2 diabetes, respectively, were 0.33 (0.00-0.79), p = 0.103, and 0.43 (0.00-0.98), p = 0.154. Non-shared environmental correlations between chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes were -0.13 (-0.43 to 0), p = 0.498 and diagnosed COPD and type 2 diabetes -0.12 (-0.48 to 0), p = 0.665.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic bronchitis or COPD have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes independent of sex, age, smoking and BMI. The genetic correlation between type 2 diabetes and chronic bronchitis was 33% and type 2 diabetes and COPD was 43%, however neither were statistically significant. The increased risk of type 2 diabetes should be accommodated in the management of p

Published
2015

168. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age:A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m2 in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m2 in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015

173. Heritability and Genetic Relationship of Adult Self-Reported Stuttering, Cluttering and Childhood Speech-Language Disorders:Dziedzicznosc i genetyczne zaleznosci jakania, gielkotu i zaburzen rozwoju jezyka w opisie osób doroslych

Author

Fagnani, Corrado, Fibiger, Steen, Skytthe, Axel, and von Bornemann Hjelmborg, Jacob

Subjects
Stammen, Løbsk tale, Tale-sprogvanskeligheder hos børn, Tvillinger, Heritabilitet
Abstract

Genetic influence and mutual genetic relationship for adult self-reported childhood speech-language disorders, stuttering, and cluttering were studied. Using nationwide questionnaire answers from 34,944 adult Danish twins, a multivariate biometric analysis based on the liability-threshold model was performed in order to estimate heritability of the traits and genetic correlation between them. The lifetime prevalence rates were in agreement with previous reports, and were higher for males than for females for all three traits. The probandwise concordance rates were always substantially higher for monozygotic compared to dizygotic pairs, suggesting genetic influence. Multivariate biometric analyses showed that additive genetic and unique environmental factors best explained the observed concordance patterns. Heritability estimates for males/females were 0.71/0.87 for childhood speech-language disorders, 0.78/0.80 for stuttering, and 0.53/0.65 for cluttering. For each trait, the same genes were suggested to affect liability in males and females. Furthermore, high genetic correlations between the traits were obtained; the estimates for childhood speech-language disorders and stuttering were 0.71/0.79 for males/females, for childhood speech-language disorders and cluttering 0.73/0.56, and for stuttering and cluttering 0.53/0.57. Substantial unique environmental correlations between the traits were also found in both genders. Conclusion: With the limitations related to self-reporting from adult age, this study demonstrates substantial genetic influence on the traits of childhood speech-language disorders, stuttering, and cluttering, and mutual genetic relationship between them.

Published
2011

178. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Bogl, Leonie H, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Freitas, Duarte L, additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Kim, Bia, additional, Chong, Youngsook, additional, Hong, Changhee, additional, Shin, Hyun Jung, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Chang, Billy, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Aujard, Kelly, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Hayakawa, Kazuo, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2015
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180. The CODATwins Project: The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Hong, Changhee, additional, Chong, Youngsook, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Chang, Billy, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Aujard, Kelly, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Hayakawa, Kazuo, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2015
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183. The Heritability of Prostate Cancer in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer.

Author

Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Scheike, Thomas, Holst, Klaus, Skytthe, Axel, Penney, Kathryn L, Graff, Rebecca E, Pukkala, Eero, Christensen, Kaare, Adami, Hans-Olov, Holm, Niels V, Nuttall, Elizabeth, Hansen, Steinbjorn, Hartman, Mikael, Czene, Kamila, Harris, Jennifer R, Kaprio, Jaakko, Mucci, Lorelei a, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Scheike, Thomas, Holst, Klaus, Skytthe, Axel, Penney, Kathryn L, Graff, Rebecca E, Pukkala, Eero, Christensen, Kaare, Adami, Hans-Olov, Holm, Niels V, Nuttall, Elizabeth, Hansen, Steinbjorn, Hartman, Mikael, Czene, Kamila, Harris, Jennifer R, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Mucci, Lorelei a

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is thought to be the most heritable cancer, although little is known about how this genetic contribution varies across age. Methods: To address this question, we undertook the world's largest prospective study in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer cohort, including 18,680 monozygotic and 30,054 dizygotic same sex male twin pairs. We incorporated time-to-event analyses to estimate the risk concordance and heritability while accounting for censoring and competing risks of death, essential sources of biases that have not been accounted for in previous twin studies modeling cancer risk and liability. Results: The cumulative risk of prostate cancer was similar to that of the background population. The cumulative risk for twins whose co-twin was diagnosed with prostate cancer was greater for MZ than for DZ twins across all ages. Among concordantly affected pairs, the time between diagnoses was significantly shorter for MZ than DZ pairs (median 3.8 versus 6.5 years, respectively). Genetic differences contributed substantially to variation in both the risk and the liability (heritability=58% (95% CI 52%-63%) of developing prostate cancer. The relative contribution of genetic factors was constant across age through late life with substantial genetic heterogeneity even when diagnosis and screening procedures vary. Conclusions: Results from the population based twin cohort, indicate a greater genetic contribution to the risk of developing prostate cancer when addressing sources of bias. The role of genetic factors is consistently high across age Impact: Findings impact the search for genetic and epigenetic markers and frame prevention efforts.

Published
2014

184. Heredity of chronic bronchitis:A registry-based twin study

Author

Meteran, Howraman, Backer, Vibeke, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Skytthe, Axel, Thomsen, Simon Francis, Meteran, Howraman, Backer, Vibeke, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Skytthe, Axel, and Thomsen, Simon Francis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung diseases and lower respiratory symptoms, but since not all smokers develop chronic bronchitis and since chronic bronchitis is also diagnosed in never-smokers, it has been suggested that some individuals are more susceptible to develop chronic bronchitis due to genetics.OBJECTIVE: To study the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in the susceptibility to chronic bronchitis.METHODS: In a population-based questionnaire study of 13,649 twins, 50-71 years of age, from the Danish Twin Registry, we calculated sex-specific concordance rates and heritability of chronic bronchitis. The response rate was 75%.RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 9.3% among men and 8.5% among women. The concordance rate for chronic bronchitis was higher in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins among women; 0.30 vs. 0.17, but not among men; 0.15 vs. 0.18. The heritability of chronic bronchitis adjusted for smoking and age was 55% (36-71%) in women, whereas the susceptibility to chronic bronchitis in men for 25% (8-41%) was ascribable to familial environment but not to genetic factors.CONCLUSIONS: Chronic bronchitis shows a moderate familial aggregation, particularly in women. Increased susceptibility to respiratory disease among female smokers relative to male smokers may have a genetic origin.

Published
2014

186. The Heritability of Prostate Cancer in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer

Author

Hjelmborg, Jacob B., primary, Scheike, Thomas, additional, Holst, Klaus, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Penney, Kathryn L., additional, Graff, Rebecca E., additional, Pukkala, Eero, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Adami, Hans-Olov, additional, Holm, Niels V., additional, Nuttall, Elizabeth, additional, Hansen, Steinbjorn, additional, Hartman, Mikael, additional, Czene, Kamila, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Mucci, Lorelei A., additional

Published
2014
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188. Folkeskolens afgangsprøve: ingen forskel mellem tvillinger og enkeltfødte:sekundærpublikation

Author

Christensen, Kaare, Petersen, Inge, Skytthe, Axel, Herskind, Anne Maria, McGue, Matt, and Bingley, Paul

Subjects
female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract

School performance - no difference between twins and singletons: Ugeskr Læger 2007;169(38):3202-3205 Studies of twins born 50+ years ago indicate that twins had a lower IQ than singletons. We carried out a register based study of all twins (N=3411) and a 5% random sample of singletons (N=7796) born in Denmark 1986-1988. We found no difference in school performance in adolescence between twins and singletons, nor when controlling for birth weight, gestational weight, age of parents or parents' education. Progress within living conditions, obstetrics, and paediatrics may be the reason why twins now generally have school performances similarly to singletons. Studies of twins born 50+ years ago indicate that twins had a lower IQ than singletons. We carried out a register based study of all twins (N=3411) and a 5% random sample of singletons (N=7796) born in Denmark 1986-1988. We found no difference in school performance in adolescence between twins and singletons, nor when controlling for birth weight, gestational weight, age of parents or parents' education. Progress within living conditions, obstetrics, and paediatrics may be the reason why twins now generally have school performances similarly to singletons.

Published
2007

195. Genome-wide linkage analysis for human longevity: Genetics of healthy aging study

Author

UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Beekman, Marian, Blanché, Hélène, Perola, Markus, Hervonen, Anti, Bezrukov, Vladyslav, Sikora, Ewa, Flachsbart, Friederike, Christiansen, Lene, De Craen, Anton J.M., Kirkwood, Tom B.L., Rea, Irene Maeve, Poulain, Michel, Robine, Jean-Marie, Valensin, Silvana, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Passarino, Giuseppe, Deiana, Luca, Gonos, Efstathios S., Paternoster, Lavinia, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Tan, Qihua, Helmer, Quinta, Van Den Akker, Erik B., Deelen, Joris, Martella, Francesca, Cordell, Heather J., Ayers, Kristin L., Vaupel, James W., Törnwall, Outi, Johnson, Thomas E., Schreiber, Stefan, Lathrop, Mark, Skytthe, Axel, Westendorp, Rudi G.J., Christensen, Kaare, Gampe, Jutta, Nebel, Almut, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanine J., Slagboom, Pieternella Eline, Franceschi, Claudio, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Beekman, Marian, Blanché, Hélène, Perola, Markus, Hervonen, Anti, Bezrukov, Vladyslav, Sikora, Ewa, Flachsbart, Friederike, Christiansen, Lene, De Craen, Anton J.M., Kirkwood, Tom B.L., Rea, Irene Maeve, Poulain, Michel, Robine, Jean-Marie, Valensin, Silvana, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Passarino, Giuseppe, Deiana, Luca, Gonos, Efstathios S., Paternoster, Lavinia, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Tan, Qihua, Helmer, Quinta, Van Den Akker, Erik B., Deelen, Joris, Martella, Francesca, Cordell, Heather J., Ayers, Kristin L., Vaupel, James W., Törnwall, Outi, Johnson, Thomas E., Schreiber, Stefan, Lathrop, Mark, Skytthe, Axel, Westendorp, Rudi G.J., Christensen, Kaare, Gampe, Jutta, Nebel, Almut, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanine J., Slagboom, Pieternella Eline, and Franceschi, Claudio

Abstract

Clear evidence exists for heritability of humanlongevity, and much interest is focused on identifying genes associated with longer lives. To identify such longevity alleles, we performed the largest genome-wide linkage scan thus far reported. Linkage analyses included 2118nonagenarian Caucasian sibling pairs that have been enrolled in 15 study centers of 11 European countries as part of the Genetics of Healthy Aging (GEHA) project. In the joint linkage analyses, we observed four regions that show linkage with longevity; chromosome 14q11.2 (LOD = 3.47), chromosome 17q12-q22 (LOD = 2.95), chromosome 19p13.3-p13.11 (LOD = 3.76), and chromosome 19q13.11-q13.32 (LOD = 3.57). To fine map these regions linked to longevity, we performed association analysis using GWAS data in a subgroup of 1228 unrelated nonagenarian and 1907 geographically matched controls. Using a fixed-effect meta-analysis approach, rs4420638 at the TOMM40/ APOE/APOC1 gene locus showed significant association with longevity (P-value = 9.6 × 10-8). By combined modeling of linkage and association, we showed that association of longevity with APOEe4 and APOEe2 alleles explain the linkage at 19q13.11-q13.32 with P-value = 0.02 and P-value = 1.0 × 10-5, respectively. In the largest linkage scan thus far performed for human familial longevity, we confirm that the APOE locus is a longevity gene and that additional longevity loci may be identified at 14q11.2, 17q12-q22, and 19p13.3-p13.11. As the latter linkage results are not explained by common variants, we suggest that rare variants play an important role in human familial longevity. © 2013 The Authors. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Published
2013

196. Genome-wide linkage analysis for human longevity:Genetics of Healthy Aging Study

Author

Beekman, Marian, Blanché, Hélène, Perola, Markus, Hervonen, Anti, Bezrukov, Vladyslav, Sikora, Ewa, Christiansen, Lene, Flachsbart, Friederike, De Craen, Anton J M, Kirkwood, Tom B L, Rea, Irene Maeve, Poulain, Michel, Robine, Jean-Marie, Valensin, Silvana, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Passarino, Giuseppe, Deiana, Luca, Gonos, Efstathios S, Paternoster, Lavinia, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Tan, Qihua, Helmer, Quinta, van den Akker, Erik B, Deelen, Joris, Martella, Francesca, Cordell, Heather J, Ayers, Kristin L, Vaupel, James W., Törnwall, Outi, Johnson, Thomas E, Schreiber, Stefan, Lathrop, Mark, Skytthe, Axel, Westendorp, Rudi G J, Christensen, Kaare, Gampe, Jutta, Nebel, Almut, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanine J, Slagboom, Pieternella Eline, Franceschi, Claudio, consortium, GEHA, Beekman, Marian, Blanché, Hélène, Perola, Markus, Hervonen, Anti, Bezrukov, Vladyslav, Sikora, Ewa, Christiansen, Lene, Flachsbart, Friederike, De Craen, Anton J M, Kirkwood, Tom B L, Rea, Irene Maeve, Poulain, Michel, Robine, Jean-Marie, Valensin, Silvana, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Passarino, Giuseppe, Deiana, Luca, Gonos, Efstathios S, Paternoster, Lavinia, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Tan, Qihua, Helmer, Quinta, van den Akker, Erik B, Deelen, Joris, Martella, Francesca, Cordell, Heather J, Ayers, Kristin L, Vaupel, James W., Törnwall, Outi, Johnson, Thomas E, Schreiber, Stefan, Lathrop, Mark, Skytthe, Axel, Westendorp, Rudi G J, Christensen, Kaare, Gampe, Jutta, Nebel, Almut, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanine J, Slagboom, Pieternella Eline, Franceschi, Claudio, and consortium, GEHA

Published
2013

197. Apgar score is related to development of atopic dermatitis:Cotwin Control Study

Author

Naeser, Vibeke, Kahr, Niklas, Stensballe, Lone Graff, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Skytthe, Axel, Backer, Vibeke, Carson, Charlotte Giwercman, Thomsen, Simon Francis, Naeser, Vibeke, Kahr, Niklas, Stensballe, Lone Graff, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Skytthe, Axel, Backer, Vibeke, Carson, Charlotte Giwercman, and Thomsen, Simon Francis

Published
2013

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