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The core of thesis lays in quantitative analysis of microeconomic data on public procurement and alternative forms of dealing with public money. It consists of three essays with one common attribute: extensive groundwork with data, including overlaps into legal and technical disciplines. The fist essay examines the relationship between transparency of ownership structure and (i) profits of firms winning public procurement contracts and (ii) competition for the contracts and savings of the public authority. It identifies a significant advantage of firms with opaque ownership structure in terms of access to public money. It concludes with a possible explanation of conflict of interest and corruption, which might channel such advantages. The second essay proposes and tests a novel methodology for benchmarking of contracting authorities. The proposed rating measures a deviation from best practice recommendations in the areas of openness, competition and transparency. Indirectly it measures efficiency and corruption potential in public procurement. The pilot results of the methodology are provided and extensively discussed for a group of Czech municipalities. Third essay investigates issue of crowding out effect potentially introduced by EU funds provision. It studies direct budgetary impacts of...

Otiorhynchus sbg. Podonebistus Reitter, 1912: 60. Type species: Otiorhynchus prolongatus Stierlin, 1861

Otiorhynchus sbg. Baldorhynchus Di Marco & Osella, 2002: 257. Type species: Troglorhynchus baldensis Czwalina, 1875

beroni Angelov, 1985: 73 (Troglorhynchus, TL: Bulgarien, Rhodopen-Gebirge, beim Dorf Tzwjatovo (bei der Stadt Kardzali) in der Höhle "Jnkaja") Distribution: Bulgaria (Kardzali)

Ioniorhynchus henderickxi sp. nov. (Figs 1–15) Material examined, HOLOTYPE, 1 ♂: [p] Greece: Zakynthos, Spilia Cagioti-Giri, 25.IV. 2013 H. Henderickx lgt. / red label [p] HOLOTYPE Ioniorhynchus henderickxi sp. nov. P. Hlaváč det., 2015. (NMPC). Description. Body (Figs 1–3) shiny, elongate, dark olive coloured, antennae and tarsi lighter. Length of body 4.95 mm, maximum width of elytra 1.56 mm. Head (Figs 4, 5) unpunctured at base, densely punctured behind rostral furrow. Eyes completely atrophied. Anterior part of rostrum (Fig. 4) wide, pterygia prominent, ratio HW/MWR = 1.25, smooth, with very sparse puncturation, with about 5 golden setae on each side, ratio WRF/MWR = 0.35, elevated rostral carinae, edges slightly arched, closest in middle, with about 6–7 punctures on sides; rostral furrow with well defined sulcus in posterior part, relatively short, ratio HL/LRF = 2.25. Antenna (Fig. 6) slender and long, scape very long, evenly extended from base to apex, funicle only about 1.15 times as long as scape, scape about 6.4 times as long as wide and about 3.2 times as long as antennomere II which is 1.45 times as long as antennomere III; antennomeres IV–VIII subequal, elongate, slightly extended from base to apex; antennal club (Fig. 7) three segmented, pedunculate at base, 2.5 times as long as wide; funicle about 2.15 times as long as club, antennomere IX strongly extended from base to apex, funnel-like, twice as long as transverse antennomere X; terminal antenomere conical, slightly longer than X. Pronotum (Fig. 8) slightly elongate, about 1.2 times as long as wide and 1.25 as long as head, shiny, with very uneven and sparse puncturation, punctures of different size, lacking setation, with ill-defined antibasal fovea. Elytra (Fig. 9) elongate, about 1.8 times as long as wide, maximum width in the middle, smooth, shiny, with ten rows of punctured striae; width of interval variable, with uneven, sparse, short setae; apex of each elytron (Figs 10, 11) rounded, with more setae; laterally with large projection oriented downwards. Legs (Figs 12, 13) long, slender; all femora and tibiae dentate on inner margins; protibiae (Fig. 12) and mesotibiae with three well-defined spines located in mid third of tibial length; metatibiae (Fig. 13) with five welldefined spines located in mid third and base of apical third; all femora with well-defined spine located on its widest part. Male genitalia. Aedeagus (Figs 14, 15) long and slender; in lateral view S—shaped, with strongly curved, hook-like apex, median part straight, base less curved; in ventral view apex slightly oriented dextrally (right). Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 16) very long with wide lamina. Sexual dimorphism. Female unknown. Differential diagnosis. Ioniorhynchus henderickxi is similar to the sympatric species I. doriae and to I. gasparoi (Osella & Zuppa, 2006) in the same shape of rostrum with large, prominent pterygia (Figs 4, 5; Magrini et al. 2005: Figs 2, 3 (I. doriae); Osella & Zuppa 2006: Fig. 1 (I. gasparoi)). Pterygia are only slightly defined in I. loebli (Magrini et al. 2005: Figs 37, 38) and almost absent in I. imprevisus (Magrini et al. 2005: Figs 19, 20). An additional common feature for I. henderickxi, I. doriae and I. gasparoi is the sinistrally (left) oriented apex of the aedeagus in ventral view (Figs 14, 15). In contrast, the apex of aedeagus is dextrally oriented in ventral view in I. loebli (Magrini et al 2005: Figs 51, 52) and I. imprevisus (Magrini et al 2005: Figs 32, 33). Ioniorhynchus henderickxi differs from I. doriae and I. gasparoi by the different shape of the apex of the elytra with a large projection oriented laterally downwards (Figs 10, 11; Magrini et al. 2005: Figs 8, 9 (both I. doriae); Osella & Zuppa 2006: Fig. 1 (I. gasparoi)), by different types of spines on the tibiae and femora (Figs. 12, 13; Magrini et al. 2005: Figs 11, 12 (both I. doriae); Osella & Zuppa 2006: Fig. 2 (I. gasparoi)) and by the different shape of the aedeagus with the middle part straight (Figs 14, 15; Magrini et al. 2005: Figs 14, 15 (both I. doriae); Osella & Zuppa 2006: Fig. 3 (I. gasparoi)). Etymology. Patronymic, named after Hans Henderickx, Belgium, specialist on Pseudoscorpionida and the collector of the holotype. Biology. The specimen was collected only a few meters deep in the cave where there was still a little bit of light, under a wet piece of wood. Distribution. Greece (Zakynthos Island).

doriae A. & F. Solari, 1904: 168 (Otiorhynchus, TL: Greece: Zante) Distribution: Greece (Zakynthos)

vailatianus Osella, 2008: 87 (Otiorhynchus, TL:Grecia,Etolia-Acarnania510m,grottaa3kmprimadi Rigani)Distribution: Greece (Píndos)

Hlaváč, Peter, Skuhrovec, Jiří (2016): Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XV. A new species of the genus Ioniorhynchus Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi, 2005 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) from Greece. Zootaxa 4092 (1): 129-138, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.8

radjai Di Marco & Osella, 2002: 259 (Otiorhynchus, TL: Croatia, Dalmatia, Island Vis, Vlora [= Špilja od Vore, Kostirna]) Distribution: Croatia (Vis)

gasparoi Osella & Zuppa, 2006: 68 (Otiorhynchus, TL: Grotta Megalo Spiliò, 1000 m, Oros Sérekas, Monastiraki, Acarnania) Distribution: Greece (Píndos)

Key to the species of the tribe Corimaliini from Caucasus 1. Antenna with four-segmented funicle...................................................................... 2 - Antenna with five (six) segmented funicle.................................................................. 5 2. Body black. Rostrum distinctly bent. First two protarsomeres approximately of the same length, slender and distinctly elongate, protarsomere II more than 2.2 times as long as wide..................................... Titanomalia komaroffi - Body yellow, sometimes a few brown spots. Rostrum straight. First two protarsomeres also approximately of the same length, but wider and less elongate, protarsomere II less than 2.0 times as long as wide................................... 3 3. Base of elytra without distinct line of black denticles. Club compact without distinctly differentiable segments.............................................................................................. Hypophyes minutissimus - Base of elytra with distinct line of black denticles. Club compact, more elongate, and with distinctly differentiable segments..................................................................................................... 4 4. Internal side of femora with one small, but distinct tooth. Elytra elongate, 1.20–1.33 times as long as wide. Penis symmetric...................................................................................... Hypophyes hyalinus - Internal side of femora with one large and one small tooth, both distinct. Elytra oval, 1.10–1.23 times as long as wide. Penis asymmetric............................................................................ Allomalia setulosa 5. Length of body less than 1.6 mm....................................................... Corimalia fausti fausti - Length of body more than 1.9 mm........................................................................ 6 6. Length of body 1.90–2.65 mm. Apex of meso- and metatibia in males with distinct mucro, which partially overlapped by apical comb of setae. Length of rostrum in males 0.68–0.89 mm, and in females 0.78–1.13 mm (rostrum in females 1.18× as long as in males)............................................................................ Corimalia helenae - Length of body 2.92–3.25 mm. Apex of metatibia in males with distinct mucro, but mesotibial mucro distinctly smaller. Length of rostrum in males 1.03–1.13 mm, and in females 1.50–1.71 mm (rostrum in females 1.46× as long as in males). …....................................................................................... Corimalia strejceki

Corimalia strejceki Schön & Skuhrovec, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3, 5–8, 13) Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂, Tamarix sp. [handwritten] / USSR - Caucasus centr., Teberda, 1500 m, 11.6.1986, J. Strejček lgt. [printed] / c/11-30 [handwritten] (NMPC). PARATYPES: 1 ♂ and 3 ♀♀, Tamarix sp. [handwritten] / USSR - Caucasus centr., Teberda, 1500 m, 11.6.1986, J. Strejček lgt. [printed] / c/11-30 [handwritten] (2 ♀♀ JSCP, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ KSCL); 1 ♂, Tamarix sp. [handwritten] / USSR - Caucasus centr., Teberda, 1500 m, 14.6.1986, J. Strejček lgt. [printed] / c/11-30 [handwritten] / Gen.? cf. Corimalia, J. Strejček det. 2011 [handwritten] (JSCP); 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, Ca. Kislovodsk, V. 912, Roubal [printed] / N. languidum. [handwritten] (JSCP). All specimens are provided with additional red printed label: HOLOTYPUS [or PARATYPUS, respectively], Corimalia strejceki sp. n., K. Schön design. 2015 Description. (Figs 1, 3, 5–8, 13). Body length without rostrum 2.92–3.25 mm. Colouration of body and legs testaceous; antennae yellow-orange; club dark brown to black apically; head (except forehead), rostrum, pronotum, elytral suture, dorsal side of femora, apical part of teeth on femora in males, distal part of tibia and tarsomeres to varying degrees dark brown to black. Ventral part of body dark brown to black with the exception of last abdominal sternite and pygidium testaceous. Colouration, however, also dependent on the degree of sclerotization (e.g., specimens from Kislovodsk mostly tawny with less intense darkening of above mentioned parts of body). Body and extremities covered with narrow piliform scales of differing densities. Head covered with piliform scales especially on forehead and temples, completely covering integument, underside of head contrasting smooth and shiny. Funicle segments 1–5 with infrequent suberect setae, funicle segment 6 apically covered with short adjacent cilia at high density; club covered with cilia as funicle segment 6. Pronotum in middle with narrowing stripe of whitish slightly thicker piliform scales from apical to basal margin; sides of pronotum also with high density of piliform scales, partly with white scales at level of humeral angles, or below with narrower goldish scales; disk of pronotum also with goldish coloured, but finer, scales. Base of elytral intervals 1 and 2 with adjacent piliform scales in high density (roughly as on pronotum) creating a rectangular patch as long as six widths of interval 2; some specimens without scales in interval 1 at base of elytra, and with distinct baldness; humeral angles also covered by scales in high density; intervals with several rows of softer scales, somewhat stronger at elytral apex; scales not covering the integument, with the exception of a patch at the base of the elytra and humeral angles; interval 7 apically with one short distinct erect specialized seta. Femora and tibia except their apices covered by adjacent, softer hairlike scales, not overlapping the integument. Dorsal part of tarsomeres covered by narrow bristles, sides of tarsomeres I and II particularly with longer, stronger bristles, bent downward toward to bottom side thereof, giving the impression of "spined" margins of the ventral side of tarsomeres I and II. Head (Figs. 1, 3). Rostrum long; in dorsal view, sides straight from base to apex, sometimes only slightly enlarged in area of antennal insertion; dorsum of basal part shagreened, then central fine keels on its sides with one or two rows of oval punctures; between dorsal margins of antennal scrobes and described dorsal structures of rostrum, sometimes plain area extending from base of rostrum as a slender flatter keel extending further dorsally, all these structures in the approximate area of the antennal insertions, or only shortly behind; thence towards apex of rostrum smooth, firstly in high density, then in lower density punctate with small oval punctures; dorsal margins of scrobes densely punctate, then prolonged by a line of the same punctures to apex, as on dorsal side of apex; in lateral view, scrobes stretching from base of rostrum up to antennal insertion shortly behind middle of rostrum, dorsal margin inserted at about half height of eye, ventral margin follows line of genae below eye, and continues up to antennal insertion; both delimiting margins parallel; interior of scrobes in particular at base of ventral margin densely granulate, then this granulation gradually disappearing to apex; lateral side behind scrobes smooth with several oval punctures. Head shortly conical (length from base of rostrum to margin of pronotum = 0.29–0.37 mm). Eyes round, not projecting beyond outline of head. Forehead wide, nearly as wide as half of apex of rostrum; connection with dorsal part of rostrum base at obtuse angle as is characteristic for tribe Corimaliini (Alonso- Zarazaga, 1989). Vertex short, behind eyes slightly sunken. Antennae slender, inserted in middle of rostrum. Scape long (about 0.6 mm), slender, in short apical part clubshaped enlargement; about 0.7–0.8 times as long as a funicle and club together. Funicle segment 1 (pedicel) slender (0.14–0.19 mm in males, 0.16–0.19 mm in females); funicle segment 2 elongate, less than twice as long as pedicel, apically slightly enlarged; funicle segments 3–5 about equal length (from 0.16 to 0.19 mm in total), slender, towards club, with slightly club-shaped enlargement; funicle segment 6 again inverted conical with straight sides, slightly longer and slightly wider than funicle segment 5. Club three-segmented, elongated, spindle-shaped (0.27– 0.37 mm), as long as funicle segments 2–5 together, slender (width 0.10 mm in males, 0.08 mm in females). Pronotum (Figs. 1, 3) subconical, only slightly constricted behind apical margin (ratio (with apical margin) = 1.14–1.33, ratio (with basal margin) = 0.70–0.85; length 0.76–0.93 mm, width at apical margin 0.62–0.72 mm, basal margin 1.09–1.24 mm); sides slightly rounded; prescutellar fovea absent as characteristic for subfamily Nanophyinae; basal margin slightly sinuous wavy, crenulate, with small but distinct dark teeth; surface finely, shallowly and densely punctate. Elytra (Figs. 1, 3) short, oval (ratio = 1.00–1.18, length 1.74–2.02 mm, width 1.61–1.86 mm); continuously tightened to base of pronotum, widest behind middle; distinct humeral angles, but only slightly convex; base of elytra slightly sinuous as well as base of pronotum, distinctly crenulate; striae narrow, shallow, without distinct punctures; intervals slightly convex, 2.0–2.5 times wider than striae. Legs (Figs. 1, 3, 13). Femora strong, with one large proximal and two or three small distal teeth (count of small teeth different also on femora of one specimen). Tibiae nearly straight, apically outside perimeter of the tapered portion with high density apical comb of setae. Tarsomeres I and II about equal length, elongated triangular (ratio = 1.43–2.00); tarsomere III bilobed, short; onychium long, narrow (ratio = 5.00–6.67), apically with two simple claws. Sexual Dimorphism. Rostrum in males slightly longer than pronotum, and in females almost twice as long as pronotum (ratio = 1.20–1.38 in males, 1.85–1.97 in females); in males 5.3–6.1 times, and in females 8.2–9.2 times as long as width of apex; and in females more finely punctured and particularly in apical half shinier than in males as typical for other Corimalia. Antennae inserted near middle of rostrum (0.56 in males, 0.46 in females). Apical inner margin in meso- and metatibiae in males extend into distinct triangular mucro, partly overlapped by extending apical comb of setae. Apex of meso- and metatibiae in females without mucrones. Male genitalia. Penis (Figs 5–6) symmetrical; relatively short and slender; in lateral view slightly curved, apex partially hooked, median part straight; pedon shorter than temones; apex elongated (Fig. 8). Tegmen (Fig. 7) with tegminal ring longer than free short tegminal apodeme; parameral plate subarticulated; apical plate divided by median notch in two very short parameroid lobes bearing long and numerous setae. Spiculum gastrale asymetrical as typical for Nanophyidae, manubrium very long; left arm distinctly more elongate; extensions present on both arms, but distinctly reduced. Differential diagnosis. The tribe Corimaliini could be divided into several working groups on the basis of several morphological features (e.g., shape of elytral base, width of forehead, presence of mucro on meso- and metatibiae, and shape of apex of penis) (Giordani-Soika 1937; Schön K., unpublished data). A set of these features identical to those expressed in Corimalia strejceki sp. nov. (forehead wide as half of width of rostrum, base of elytra crenulate, meso- and metatibia with mucro, and apex of penis symmetrical), is known for Corimalia aliena (Faust, 1890) (Figs 2, 4, 9–12, 14) and also Corimalia helenae Korotyaev & Zherikhin, 1996, which both are very similar also in colouration and shape of scales (lancet-shaped or more or less piliform) instead of Corimalia latifrons (Pic, 1897), which is covered by white spindle-shaped scales (see Giordani-Soika 1937). The species Corimalia helenae is distinctly smaller (body length without rostrum 1.90–2.65 mm) than both species C. strejceki and C. aliena. The most similar species to the new described species is C. aliena differing in the following characters; size, shape of scales, scale patch close to the scutellum, size of mucrones on the meso- and metatibiae, and also shape of the apex of the penis. The described species C. strejceki is slightly larger (body length without rostrum 2.92–3.25 mm) than C. aliena (body length without rostrum 2.77–3.02 mm) and also slightly larger than any other Corimalia species. Scales of C. aliena are lancet-shaped (pointed on both sides), but scales of C. strejceki are more or less piliform with a point only on one side. However it must be noted that these conclusions were based on limited material (8 specimens of C. strejceki and 4 specimens of C. aliena), and study of more material may modify those conclusions. Some small differences are visible also in the scale patch close to the scutellum; C. aliena has a significant baldness in the middle of the patch toward the base of elytra, while this is present in only a few specimens of C. strejceki. The mucrones on the meso- and metatibiae apically in males of C. strejceki are distinctly larger than those in males of C. aliena. These two species have distinct differences also in the shape of the apex of the penis, where apex of C. strejceki is distinctly tapered and more elongate than apex of C. aliena (see Figs 8, 12). Extensions on spiculum gastrale of C. alinea distinctly larger than extensions of C. strejceki. Etymology. The species name honours a gentleman and prominent Czech coleopterologist, specialist in the families Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae sensu lato, Dr. Jaromír Strejček, who collected this species during his travels in Teberda. Biology. Adults were collected by beating Tamarix sp. in meadows in the valley of a mountain river during a warm (ca 18°C) cloudy evening (ca 6– 7 p. m.). Tamarix specimens have distinctly large buds in June, and the size of the shrubs was no more than 1.5 metres tall (J. Strejček, pers. comm.). Distribution. Russia: Caucasus centr., Teberda, Kislovodsk. Morphological remarks. Voss (1960) erected the new subgenus Pseudocorimalia Voss, 1960 for two new species Corimalia exsanguis Voss, 1960 and Corimalia pilosella Voss, 1960 based on the following characters; sixsegmented funicle, three-segmented club with a vague final segment and elytra without humeral angles. Zherikhin (1972) listed Corimalia aliena (Faust, 1890) with either five or six segments in the funicle, and also observed that Voss (1964) presented a similar state, with variable number of segments in the funicle, for the species Corimalia discreta Voss, 1964 and Corimalia gyrata (Peyerimhoff, 1929). Furthermore, Zherikhin (1972) listed that the variability in the count of segments in the funicle is widespread in the genus Corimalia Gozis, 1885 and denies the possibility of using this character to define subgenera. Alonso-Zarazaga (1989) in the key of Palaearctic taxa of the subfamily Nanophyinae noted unequivocally that species of the genus Corimalia have the funicle strictly with 5 segments, and in comments on this genus explains the sixth segment as the isodiametric first segment of the club, supported by its identical spots and vestiture to a club, but different from previous segments in the funicle. A threesegmented club and six-segmented funicle has been mentioned already by Reitter (1890) in the description of Nanophyes fausti (currently in the genus Corimalia). This situation is also evident in other species, e.g. Corimalia aliena, C. helenae Korotyaev & Zherikhin, 1996, C. chinensis (Faust, 1890) and others. On the other hand, species with a shorter and wider club (e.g. Corimalia postica (Gyllenhal, 1838)) have evidently only a five-segmented funicle. However, the evaluation of the affiliation of the controversial segment of the antenna is not the subject of this paper, and it could be a subject for some future detailed morphological review.

Otiorhynchus sbg. Troglorhynchus Schmidt, 1854: 25. Type species: Troglorhynchus anophthalmus Schmidt, 1854 References: Hlaváč 2011 (revision)

loebli Osella, 1974: 791 (Troglorhynchus, TL: Grèce, Epire, 2 Km à est de ag. Komasos) Distribution: Greece (Ípiros)

Schön, Karel, Skuhrovec, Jiří (2016): A new species of the genus Corimalia Gozis, 1885 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Nanophyinae) from the Caucasus. Zootaxa 4169 (3): 571-578, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4169.3.9

pavelangelovi Guéorguiev & Magnano, 2007: 215 (new name for Troglorhynchus angelovi Guéorguiev, 2004, nec Bajtenov, 1979) = angelovi Guéorguiev in Guéorguiev & Petrov, 2004: 455 (Troglorhynchus, TL: Bulgaria, eastern Rhodopes, Madjarovo region, Dolno Cherkovishte village, Zandana cave Bulgaria (Rodopi)) Distribution: Bulgaria (Madjarovo)

anophthalmus Schmidt, 1854: 25 (Troglorrhynchus, TL: Grotte von Grosskalenberg [Matjaževa jama, Zavrh, Slovenia] and Grotte am Mokrizberg [Brezno na Skedenici, about 25 km south of Ljubljana, Slovenija]) Distribution: Austria, Slovenia

gueorguievi Angelov, 1985: 74 (Troglorhynchus, TL: Bulgarien, Stara planina, Troyan region, near Golyama Zhelyazna, Yalovitsa cave [= Jalovica jama, Goljama Željazna, Trojan]) Distribution: Bulgaria (Trojanska planina)

Ioniorhynchus Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi, 2005 Ioniorhynchus Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi, 2005. Type species: Ioniorhynchus doriae (A. & F. Solari, 1903), original designation Ioniorhynchus Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi: Magrini et al. 2011 Otiorhynchus (subg. Ioniorhynchus) Magrini, Meoli & Abbazzi: Osella & Zuppa, 2006; Osella 2008; Magnano & Alonso- Zarazaga, 2013. The genus Ioniorhynchus can be recognized within the large Otiorhynchus complex of genera (Magnano 1998) by the elongate, slender, shining body, pronotum longer than wide, elytra about as wide as pronotum, eyes completely absent, rostrum longer than wide, antennae long and slender, epipleura curved at the level of hind coxae, base of elytra straight, closely fitting the base of pronotum, all femora dentate, aedeagus long and slender, hooked and curved at apex, S-shaped in lateral view.

Sibinia tibialis Gyllenhal, 1835 Caldara, 1985: 36. Material examined. 12 larvae from seeds of Silene otites (L.) Wib. collected 5.viii. 2014 in southern Slovakia (Borská nížina, Malacky env. 150 m a. s. l., N 48 ° 24.7´, E 17 °04.0´), leg. J. Skuhrovec, M. Košťál & Z. Košťálová, and 7 (4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀) pupae obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults. Differential diagnosis. See Key to the immatures of the Palaearctic species of the genus Sibinia and Table. 3. Description of mature larva. COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow. HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width: 0.53–0.63 mm (see Table. 1). Endocarinal line present, reaching middle of frons. Des 1 minute, located near frontal suture; des 2 minute, located almost in central parts of epicarnium; des 3 long, located along frontal suture; des 4 absent; des 5 long, located anterolaterally (Fig. 31). Fs 1 and fs 2 absent; fs 3 minute, located medially; fs 4 long, located anteromedially (along epistoma); fs 5 very long, located anterolaterally (along epistoma), fs 5 1.5 times as long as fs 4 (Fig. 31). Les almost as long as des 3; ves 1 short and ves 2 long. Postepicranial area with 1 pes and with 2–3 sensilla. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (Fig. 34). Clypeus (Fig. 35) 3 times as wide as long; with 2 very short cls, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Labrum (Fig. 35) approximately 3.5 times as wide as long; lms 1 distinctly shorter than lms 2, and slightly longer and larger than lms 3; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 36) with 2 elongated, finger-like als, similar in length; with 3 short ams, similar in length; with 2 very short and fingerlike mes (see comments about ams and mes in Material and Methods); labral rods elongate, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 33) with 2 mds different in length. Maxilla (Fig. 32): stipes with 1 long stps, and with 2 long pfs, almost of equal length, 1 very short mbs; mala with 4 slightly curved dms, different in length; with 3 very short vms, almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1: 1.6; basal palpomera with 1 short mxps; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (Fig. 32) almost rounded, with 1 prms; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 2 very short ligs; premental sclerite clearly visible. Postmentum (Fig. 32) with 2 pms, pms 1 absent, very long pms 2, 4 times as long as pms 3. THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length 3.50–4.30 mm (see Table. 1), elongate (Fig. 37). Abdominal segments I– V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segment VI and VII (Fig. 37). Spiracles on abdomen in posterior parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII). Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae long to very short and light yellow. Thorax. Prothorax (Fig. 38) with 10 prn, 9 macro- and 1 microsetae; 2 moderately long ps of same length; 1 eus. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 38) with 1 moderately long prs; 1 moderately long and 1 short pds; alar area with moderately long 1 as; 1 very short ss; 1 moderately long eps; 1 moderately long ps; and 1 eus. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2 pda. Abdomen. Abdominal segments I–VII (Figs. 39, 40) with 1 long prs; 3 pds of different length, pds 1 and pds 3 very short, pds 2 long; 2 ss of different length, ss 1 very short to minute, ss 2 moderately long; 2 eps in equal length; 2 ps of different length, ps 1 short and ps 2 moderately long; 1 long lsts; and 2 moderately long eus. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 40) with 1 moderately long prs; 3 pds of different length, pds 1 and pds 3 very short, pds 2 moderately long; 1 very short to minute ss; 2 moderately long eps in equal length; 2 ps of different length, ps 1 short and ps 2 moderately long; 1 moderately long lsts; and 2 moderately long eus. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 40) with 2 ds of different length, ds 1 short and ds 2 moderately long; 2 ps of different length, ps 1 very short and ps 2 moderately long; and 2 moderately long sts in equal length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (Fig. 40) with 2 minute setae. Description of pupa. COLORATION. Body white. MORPHOLOGY (Figs. 41–45). Body length 2.35 –3.00 mm; widest part 1.15 –2.00 mm (see Table. 2). Body rather stocky. Rostrum moderately long, approximately 4 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long. CHAETOTAXY (Figs. 41–45). Setae distinct, medium long, unequal in length, brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Setae clearly visible, medium long, unequal in length, brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Setae on head different in length, sos 3–4 times shorter than os; rs as long as pas (Fig. 42). Ds 2 slightly shorter than other setae on pronotum (Fig. 44). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae located on thorn-like protuberances. Pseudocerci short, triangular in shape. Biological observations. The larvae fed on seeds, and mature larvae left the capsule and entered the soil to pupate. Pupation was observed 8–10 days after the larvae entered the soil. Adults were found in the cells 7–9 days later. Remarks. This species is primarily distributed in Central Europe and reached northern France in the west and central Italy and Romania in the south. It is also reported to be in Asia and the Far East (Caldara 1985, 2013). Sibinia tibialis seems monophagous on Silene otites (L.) Wib. (Dieckmann 1988; Rheinheimer & Hassler 2010), although the adult was also collected on S. tatarica (L.) Pers. in Germany (Neresheimer & Wagner 1939) and on Minuartia setacea (Thuill) Hayek in France (Hoffmann 1955 under S. guillebeaui Desbrochers des Loges, 1897).