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Squamous cell carcinomas are favored by repeated sun exposure, especially in fair-skinned people who easily get sunburned. There are also genetic diseases including albinism which can promote their appearance early in life and multiple forms. We report the first observation of frontal squamous cell carcinoma with resection and reconstruction using the H-shaped flap in an albino (in Mali). Oculo -cutaneous albinism consulted for a frontal ulceration evolving for 3 years. The initial lesion was an erythematous macula which progressively evolved into a dragging ulceration. She had been treated with three sessions of cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen) without success. Physical examination found a slightly crusty ulceration, circumscribed (2 x 1.6 cm), painful and non-itchy. Otherwise the rest of the clinical examination was normal. A biopsy for pathological examination was performed. The diagnosis of invasive squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed. Surgical treatment was performed (resection and reconstruction with the H-shaped flap) with simple postoperative course and satisfactory results from an aesthetic point of view.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological-clinical and therapeutic aspects of MU in children. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, over a period of 5 years from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 carried out in the urology department at the University Hospital Center "Point-G". We collected a total of 69 cases of malformative uropathy (MU) in children. The frequency was 1.41% of all hospitalizations and 5% of patients operated on during the study period. The sex ratio was 7.6 in favor of the male sex. They were admitted by referral from health personnel in the majority of cases, i.e. 93%. The mean age at diagnosis was 7 years. The circumstances of discovery were ectopic abutment of the urethral meatus (43.5%), pain in the lumbar fossa (23.2%) or bladder globe (10%). Ultrasound was performed in all of our patients, and revealed uropathy in 25.9% of cases. The most common uropathies were hypospadias (42%), pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome (23.2%) and posterior urethral valves (13%). All cases benefited from surgical correction adapted to the type of malformative uropathy. The evolution was without complication in the majority of cases in the 1st postoperative week, i.e. 84% of cases.

Introduction: Our study aimed to evaluate the anesthetic management of women suffering from obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulas at the Point G University Hospital. Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study from 02 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 in the anesthesia-intensive care unit of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Point G. Results: During the study period, we collected 48 cases of obstetric fistula out of a total of 237 operated during the period, a frequency of 20.25% of all surgical activities. Housewives were the most represented with 72.91% of cases. The most affected age group was 21-30 years with 37.5% of cases. Anesthesia was performed in 87.5% of cases by a medical assistant. The technique used was spinal anesthesia, so all patients received bipuvacaine for their anesthesia. One case of low blood pressure and one case of bradycardia were intraoperative incidents or a total of 2.08% of cases. Conclusion: Resuscitation anesthesia plays an important role in the successful management of obstetric fistula. Regional anesthesia is the most widely used method.

Summary: Introduction: Sexual violence is an all-encompassing term that refers to "any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, comment or advance of a sexual nature directed against a person's sexuality using coercion" according to the WHO. Objective: Study sexual violence based on gender at the level of the care unit << One Stop Center >> the Reference Health Center of Commune V of the District of Bamako. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional retrospective study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. We included in this study, all survivors of sexual violence at least 10 years old admitted to the "One Stop Center" care unit of the Reference Health Center of Commune V of the District of Bamako. Results: The prevalence of sexual violence was 54.62% in relation to all cases of gender-based violence and 3.36% in relation to all gynaecological emergencies. The age group less than or equal to 19 years accounted for 54.18% of survivors, 69.68% of survivors were single. In 39.95% of the cases the incident took place in the home of the alleged perpetrator of the sexual assault. The survivors had presented a state of fear and panic in 23.92% of cases. Penetration was << penis-vagina >> in 37.1% of survivors. Survivors received psychiatric assistance in 12.87% of cases. Conclusion: Sexual violence is relatively common in our care unit << One Stop Center >>. They had constituted the majority of cases of gender-based violence. The care was holistic.

Introduction: Medical evacuation in general is characterized by the need for the rapid transfer of a patient from one medical centre to another more equipped or better specialized. Obstetric emergencies are multiple causes of maternal and neonatal death. Purpose: Was to study the reasons for reference / medical evacuation obstetrical at the Reference Health Center of Commune V of the District of Bamako. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study with a retrospective collection from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. Results: We collected 4280 referrals/evacuations out of 28974 admissions; or 14.8% of admissions. The median age was 26.17 years. Housewives accounted for 45.4%. Dystocia was the main reason for references/evacuations with 41.1%. The reasons for referral/evacuation were consistent in 60.3% of cases. These evacuations were relevantin 21.8%. Maternal mortality was 0.8%. Conclusion: Evacuations accounted for 14.8% (4280) of deliveries. The most commonly cited reasons were dystocia, antepartum haemorrhage and high blood pressure and its complications. Dystocia, fetal asphyxia and high blood pressure and its complications were the main diagnoses.

Introduction: It is estimated that 60 to 80% of women in developing countries continue to give birth at home without any assistance or with the help of unskilled people and usually in an unsanitary environment. Purpose: It was tostudy unassisted home birth in two districts of Commune V. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, crosssectional and analytical study from 1 March 2019 to 28 February 2020. Results: We recorded 263 home deliveries or 13% of deliveries in Sabalibougou and 62 home deliveries or 3% of deliveries in Badalabougou. The proportion of women not attending school was 74.64% in Sabalibougou against 25.36% in Badalabougou. In Sabalibougou, 89.40% of women had given birth at home due to lack of financial means compared to 10.60% in Badalabougou. Haemorrhage by uterine atony was the most represented complication in the two districts, 72.92% in Sabalibougou and 27.08% in Badalabougou.

Introduction: In Mali, adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 contribute nearly 14% total fertility carried health risks for the mother and the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth. Purpose: To study knowledge attitudes and practices among adolescents relating to contraception in school in Commune V of the District of Bamako. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with an evaluative and descriptive aim on knowledge attitudes and practices among adolescents relating to contraception in school in Commune V of the District of Bamako. Results: In our study, 87% of adolescents knew about contraception and 29% usued to contraceptive method. The 16-17 age group represented 74%. 36.33% of adolescents girls had already had sexual intercourse. The most usued contraceptive method was the condom with 24. 34%. The use of contraception in school was influenced by sci o-cultural, religious weigtht and ignorance (lack of sex education). Conclusion: Knowledge of contraception does not equate to its pratical use among adolescents. The majority of teenage girls said they knew about contraception, of which only a Fès of them used a contraceptive.

Introduction: A descriptive analysis of contraception discontinuation, based on Demographic and Health Survey data from six countries with high level of contraceptive use, fonds that approximately one-third of couples discontinuous their contraceptive use, method within 12 months and about half cease within 24 months. Aim: Was to study the reasons for abandoning contraception at the Reference Health Center of Commune V of District of Bamako. Material and Methods: We carried out a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study on the reasons for abandoning contraceptive methods from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Results: The frequency of abandonment of contraceptive methods in Commune V was 18.19%. The main reasons mentioned among the 200 former users of contraceptive methods interviewed were side effects with 35% of cases, husband's opposition (10 %), complications (20%), the desire to pregnancy (10%), reception of clients and occasional unavailability of inputs (5%). Conclusion: Inadequate management of side effects and complications related to contraception, the husband's reluctance and rumors had been the determining factors in the abandonment of contraception.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, para-clinical and histological profile of prostate tumours at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive retrospective study conducted over 12 years, from 1 November 2005 to 1 November 2017. It covered all patients received and operated on in the Urology Department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital for prostate tumours and having a complete medical file. Results: Out of a total of 4,250 patients operated on in the urology department, 1,350 cases of prostate tumours were listed, i.e. a frequency of 31.7%. Prostatic adenomyoma was found in 90.9% of patients and prostatic adenocarcinoma in 6.7%. The average age of the patients was 70.5 years with extremes of 51 and 100 years. Pollakiuria was the most frequent reason for consultation (33.8%). TR, renal-vesicoprostatic ultrasound and PSA were essential for the diagnosis. The most frequent germ was Escherichia coli (25.5%), hyper creatinemia was found in 22.3% of patients. PSA was elevated in 33.4% of benign prostate tumours and 2% of prostatic adenocarcinomas were histologically discovered (normal PSA). Transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate (TVAP) was performed in 82.3% of patients and cervicoprostatic evacuation in 17.7%. The postoperative course was simple in 90.2% of patients, an infection of the surgical site (6.8%), bleeding complications (0.6%), we recorded 2% of deaths in the department and 0.4% of transfers to the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Prostate tumours are frequent in Bamako. Prostate tumours are frequent in Bamako, transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate and cervicoprostatic evacuation are the therapeutic means used. Prostatic adenomyoma is the most frequent histological type (90.9%) followed by prostatic adenocarcinoma (6.7%).

Bladder exstrophy is a rare urogenital birth defect. In the sub-Saharan context, most cases are diagnosed at birth or older due to lack of prenatal surveillance. The treatment is exclusively surgical. Several techniques have been described and modified over time. The surgical reconstruction technique can be done in a single or several procedures. This clinical observation was reported a case of complex epispadias bladder exstrophy, managed in a single procedure in a 10-year-old boy. The postoperative follow-up was simple.

Introduction: necrotizing fasciitis (FN) is a medico-surgical emergency that often involves the vital prognosis. Despite its rarity in children, necrotizing fasciitis is complicated by septic shock in 74 cases out of 100 and it is a serious infection, fatal in about 30% of cases. The aim of this work was to study the risk factors for necrotizing fasciitis in children. Methodology: This was a case-control study interesting children aged 0-15 years seen in dermatological consultation and included in accordance with the objectives of the study for a given period from January 1, 2020 to December 30, 2021. Diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was based on clinical and histological. Results: During the study period, 2501 children were seen in dermatological consultation, of which 20 had necrotizing fasciitis, ie a hospital frequency of 0.80%. These twenty cases of necrotizing fasciitis were matched with 20 controls by age, sex, hospital, date of admission. The age of children with necrotizing fasciitis ranged between 3 and 15 years, and the average age was 11.7 years. Preschool children (3-5 years old) accounted for 5%, school-age children (6-10 years old) accounted for 25% and adolescents accounted for 70%. The cases were divided into 11 boys (55%) and 9 girls (45%), the sex ratio was 1.22. The average duration of evolution of necrotizing fasciitis in children was 7.6 days with extremes ranging from 3 to 12 days. Conclusion: Many factors in our study were associated with the occurrence of necrotizing fasciitis in children, led by NSAIDs, traditional medications and traumatic wounds. In view of these results obtained in our study carried out under unfavorable conditions, it is necessary that cohort studies be carried out in order to confirm our results.

Context and Objective: Urological emergencies correspond to pathological situations of the urinary tract of both sexes and/or the male genital tract, with a functional and/or vital prognosis at stake in the absence of appropriate and effective treatment as soon as possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of urological emergencies at the Markala health centre. Method: Our work is a prospective descriptive study of 12 months from May 2021 to April 2022 during which we recorded 107 cases of urological emergencies. The average age of occurrence of these pathologies was 47.6 years. The extremes were 04 months and 92 years. The most represented age group was 61 to 80 years with 30.8%. The male sex was the most affected with a sex ratio of 4.94. The most frequent reason for consultation was total inability to urinate with 42.1%. Acute urinary retention (AUR) was the most common urological emergency with 42.1% of cases. The main etiologies of AUR included BPH (57.7%) and urinary lithiasis (17.7%). Non- surgical procedures accounted for 78.5% of the therapeutic procedures performed. Bladder catheterisation accounted for 63.6% of non-surgical emergency procedures. Debridement accounted for 21.7% of emergency surgical procedures. Prostatic adenomectomy was the most performed etiological treatment with 23.4%. We recorded one case of death (0.93%) due to sepsis from Fournier's gangrene. Conclusion: Urological emergencies occupy an important place in our daily activity. The most frequent urological emergency was acute retention of urine, the predominance of which was linked to the frequencies of benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary lithiasis and urethral stricture. The target population, dominated by adult males in their 50s, implied an etiological role for prostate adenoma. The emergence of these emergencies was mainly related to the delay in consultation and the lack of health education in the general population. Urethral catheterisation, .........

Introduction: Late pregnancies are a hot topic for both women and perinatal health workers because of their increasing increase. In the elderly primiparous pregnancy, pregnancy has always preoccupied birth attendants for a long time because high-risk pregnancy is the one that is associated with certain risk factors that can hinder its normal evolution. Objective: Study childbirth in the elderly primiparous at the Reference Health Center of Commune V of the District of Bamako. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and analytical case/control study (1 case for 2 controls), from 1January 2019 to 31 December 2021.It had covered all deliveries recorded in the ward. Results: The frequency of delivery in the elderly primiparous was 0.36%. The most educated elderly primiparous accounted for 73.3% (p=0,000; OR= 2.014; 95% CI = [0.006-0.31]). Dystocia was the most common obstetric complication (p=0.13; OR= 0.69; 95% CI = [0.42-1.12]). Caesarean delivery accounted for 77.1% in cases versus 49% in controls (p=0.000; OR= 0.28; 95% CI = [0.170.48]). Apgar's score was greater than or equal to 8 in 90.5% of cases versus 82.4% of controls. We have not recorded any maternal deaths. Conclusion: Pregnancy and childbirth in the elderly primiparous are risk situations in some cases. Childbirth in the elderly primipare requires a skill that can detect and prevent morbid situations and allow adequate care.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of prostate abscess and a review of the literature. Clinical Observation: We report the case of a 24-year-old patient; admitted to our ward for acute detention associated with a febrile state at (38°C). On physical examination, the digital rectal examination could not assess the condition of the prostate due to severe pain and the rest of the examination was unremarkable. We formulated the following diagnostic hypotheses: prostate abscess, prostate cyst, acute prostatitis. Ultrasound allowed the diagnosis of a prostatic intraparenchymal cyst. The CBC reveals hyperleukocytosis and the ECBU came back positive for Escherichia coli. The diagnosis of a prostate abscess was retained after a guided echo puncture. Treatment consisted of transperineal drainage combined with antibiotic therapy suitable for ECB of pus aspirated during ultrasound-guided puncture. The evolution was favourable. Conclusion: Prostatic abscess is a rare pathology. Faced with a prostate collection in a febrile context, a puncture under ultrasound guidance could confirm the diagnosis. His treatment of choice remains endoscopic drainage and adapted antibiotic therapy.

The aim was to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of paraphimosis at the CSRéf of Markala. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective and descriptive study of five patients who had consulted for paraphimosis in the operating theatre of the Markala referral health centre from 1er January 2019 to 31 December 2021, i.e. a two-year period. Our study included all patients who consulted for paraphimosis at the CSRéf of Markala with a usable medical file. The criteria for non-inclusion were: Phimosis without other pathologies of the penis. The records were not usable, as this was a prospective study. Results: The frequency of paraphimosis was 2.1% out of 235 patients hospitalized and operated on at the CSRéf of Markala during the study period. Four of our patients had no particular medical or surgical history, but the oldest of our patients had already undergone a hernia repair and an appendectomy at the time ; the average age of our patients was 15.3 years, with extremes ranging from 3 years to 53 years . However, we note that there is no specific age of onset of paraphimosis The treatment received by all our patients was posthectomy. No major complication was noted in our patients, however we deplore a loss of sight in two of our patients for a long term follow-up in order to identify other unknown aspects in the management of paraphimosis. Conclusion: Paraphimosis is a true urological emergency that occurs in uncircumcised men when the foreskin is trapped behind the glans crown, which can lead to long-term strangulation of the glans and compromise its vascularity hence their immediate management paraphimosis.

The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of photogenerated minority carriers in the (p) base of the (n+/p/p+) solar cell illuminated by monochromatic light in frequency modulation, is solved. The diffusion coefficient of the minority carriers in the base, placed under temperature and magnetic field variation, passes through a maximum, at the double resonance points, in temperature and at the frequency of the cyclotron. The photocurrent is reproduced as a function of the recombination velocity at the junction, for the maximum values of the diffusion coefficient. The expressions of the minority carriers ’recombination velocity on the rear side are deduced and their graphical representation gives the optimum thickness, specific to a high absorption coefficient, for the maximum values of the diffusion coefficient. The results obtained from the optimum thickness are modelled and analyzed, in favor of a reduction of silicon material, for the development of economical solar cells.

Crossed renal ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly, it was described by WILMER in 1938 [1], implies that one of the two kidneys sits on the contralateral side, the ureter of the ectopic kidney crosses the midline to meet in the bladder on the opposite side, the existence of a parenchymal fusion is frequent (85 to 90%). This anomaly is most often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. We report the observation of a 21-year-old woman with a G1P1V1A0 obstetrical history (ATCD), presenting cross renal ectopia discovered fortuitously following pain in the right flank associated with palpation of an abdominal mass and to review the literature.

This study examined the moderating effects of skin tone and skin tone satisfaction on the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms among self-identified Black women between 18 and 50 years old ( N = 237). It was hypothesized that skin tone and skin tone satisfaction would moderate the relation between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress, such that having a darker skin tone and lower levels of skin tone satisfaction would exacerbate the association between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. Results from two hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses indicated skin tone satisfaction significantly moderated the association between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms, whereas skin tone did not. Findings suggest that skin tone satisfaction may play a bigger role in buffering or exacerbating the link between gendered racial microaggressions and mental health among Black women than skin tone alone. The results can inform future research and clinical practice on the important role of skin tone satisfaction in the link between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress among Black women.

The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of the photogenerated minority carriers in the base of the silicon solar cell is studied under monochromatic illumination. The optimum thickness (Hopt) of the base of the solar cell is obtained, by the graphical method of representing the recombination velocity of the minority carriers on the back side. The optimum thickness (Hopt) decreases with both, the applied magnetic field and temperature, and justifies the material saving by established modeling expressions.