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The study evaluated the efficacy of surgical removal of affected horn/ tumorous out growth along with chemotherapy for treatment of horn cancer in cattle. A total 6 cattle (5 bullocks and 1 cow) diagnosed for unilateral horn cancer were presented. On clinical examination of affected horn, there were pink soft cauliflowers like growths which were friable and bleed easily having a rough, verrucous surface at tip of fractured horn. All animals were treated by surgical removal of horns/ tumorous outgrowth followed by anticancer drug injection Vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/kg, intravenously) four doses at the interval of 7 days and Levamisole @ 2.5 mg/kg b. wt., S/C after 5 days were administered to avoid the reoccurrence of horn cancer. An uneventful recovery was observed in all cases without any reoccurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation is an attempt to synthesize and characterize the ligand (N ' -[1-2-oxo- 2H-chrome-3yl-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarbodithionic acid benzyl ester) and its organosilicon complex and also to determine their possible antifertility potentials. For this, ligand was prepared by the condensation of S-benzyl dithiocarbazate with 3-acetyl coumarin and this ligand reacts with organosilicon (IV) chloride to yield particular complex. The structure of the compound has been elucidated by physicochemical and spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR) studies. In male rats, administration of ligand and its organosilicon complex at a dose level of 20 mg/kg b.wt./day for 45 days caused a significant decline in the weight of reproductive organs. The treatment also diminished the sperm motility and density significantly. Fertility test showed negative fertility in treated rats. A significant reduction in glycogen, protein and sialic acid and an increase in cholesterol content of testes were noticed. Present study indicated that ligand (N ' -[1-2-oxo-2H-chrome-3yl-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarbodithionic acid benzyl ester) and its organosilicon complex showed antifertility effects on male reproductive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: Gleason grade is the most widely used grading system for prostatic carcinoma and is recommended by World Health Organization. It is essential that there should be good interobserver reproducibility of this grading system as it has important implications in patient management. AIM: To assess interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma. DESIGN: A total of 20 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were scored using Gleason grade by 21 general pathologists. The scores were then compared using κ-coefficient and consensus score. RESULTS: For Gleason score groups (2-4, 5-6, 7 and 8-10) overall agreement with consensus score was 68%. Exact agreement for Gleason scores with consensus score was 43.3% and 92.3% within ±1 of the consensus score. κ coefficient for primary grade ranged from -0.32 to 0.92 with 60% of the readings in fair to moderate agreement range; and for secondary grade κ ranged from -0.30 to 0.62 with 78% of the readings in slight to fair agreement range. Kappa for Gleason scores ranged from -0.13 to 0.55 with 80% of the readings in slight to fair agreement range; and for Gleason score groups κ ranged from -0.11 to 0.82 with 68.5% of the readings in fair to moderate agreement range. CONCLUSIONS: In our study interobserver reproducibility of Gleason scores among general pathologists was at lower level and it highlights the need to improve the observer reproducibility by continuous educational sessions and taking second opinion in cases where grade could significantly influence management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]