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Siddha system is an oldest system of traditional medicine originating in ancient Tamilnadu in South India. In Siddha system, medicine includes the herbal products, inorganic substances and animal products that lead to different formulations ranging from low shelf life drug to high shelf life drug. Thirikadugadhi Mandooram is a poly herbo-mineral formulation used to treat Anaemia, Jaundice, Anasarca, Fever, Tuberculosis. This review describes the phytochemicals, pharmacological action and medicinal uses of the part of each ingredient used in this formulation. Ingredients of the formulation and their pharmacological action in various research studies are discussed in this review. The details were collected from different Siddha texts and electronic databases. In conclusion the results of the review revealed that the pharmacological action and the medicinal uses of drug were perfectly matched with each ingredients of formulation. Key words: Siddha system, Thirikadugadhi Mandooram, review.

Siddha system of medicine is the one of the ancient system of medical practiced among Tamil speaking community. The medicine in this system prepared from raw drug from only herbals. Arootha chooranam is a herbal preparation with ingredients of 9 herbals. It’s used to treat the sexual desire disease particularly for indiriyanastam [pre mature ejaculation]. This review is aimed to bring out scientific evidence for the therapeutic usage of Arootha chooranam and focused on the pharmacological activity for the curative nature of the drug. Most of the drugs have anti-oxidant activity and anti-infertility, spermatogenesis, Aphrodisiac activity hence justifying its usage in above mentioned disease. Key words: Siddha medicine, Arootha chooranam, indiriyanastam, pharmacological activity.

Objectives Complementary and Alternate medicine (CAM) remains as the major source of healthcare for majority of the Indian population. This widespread resource needs to be strengthened, adequately trained and effectively utilized in the national health care delivery system for delivering an integrated and effective health care system. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted involving 200 adults in two different settings-a community setting (n=100), and a hospital setting (n=100). A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Results Both in the community and in the hospital, siddha (80%) was the most well-known system of medicine, followed by Yoga (72%) and Naturopathy in the study population. However, the knowledge about the various available CAM therapies still seemed to be limited. Conclusions Opinion on the integrated approach along with conventional medicine was welcoming. Still more awareness about these systems is required to facilitate integrative medicine in healthcare settings.

Swertia chirata (S chirata), (Family Gentianaceae) is a well-known herbaceous plant. It is very popular in traditional systems of medicine like Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha. It is commonly used in Unani medicine, for several pharmacological effects including Musaffi-i-Dam (blood purifier), Muqawwi-i-Mida (stomachic), Muhallil-i-Awram (anti-inflammatory), Muqawwi-i-Qalb wa Jigar (tonic to heart and liver), Mulattif (demulcent), Mudir (diuretic), Mulliyin (laxative) properties. It is used for chronic fever, malaria, anemia, liver disorders, hypertension, dyspepsia, gastritis, ulcers, constipation, and skin diseases, and is included in many pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial preparations. The entire plant contains ophelic acid, two bitter glycosides chiratin, and amarogentin. It also contains resins, tannin, gum, carbonate, and phosphate of potash, lime, and magnesia. Extensive studies on S. chirata have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which includes anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature, scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of this plant.

Objective: At present, the pandemic COVID-19 by novel coronavirus causing severe mortality and losses to the human and no specific medicine to cure. Siddha is an ancient system of medicine used in using a variety of medicinal herbs to cure diseases of viral and unknown origin. Method: The herbal medicine M V Kashayam prepared as per Siddha formula administered at the dose rate of 150 ml for every 6-h interval for Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT – PCR) positive patients Results: The prepared MV Kashayam can able to provide RT-PCR negative in 87.5% of cases within 4–6 days and 97.5% negatives in 12 days. The body temperature, Oxygen saturation level (SPO2), and respiration level become normal within 3 days. Conclusion: The Siddha medicine, MV kashayam may be used as herbal medicine to treat the COVID-19 patients for earlier recovery and as a preventive measure to enhance immunity.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic prevented people from accessing medical care in person; in such a scenario, telemedicine emerged as a boon. Telemedicine helped to increase the availability of homoeopathy during the pandemic. The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) formulated guidelines to enable registered homoeopathic practitioners (RHPs) to safely provide healthcare using telemedicine. In this study, we demonstrated the scope of telemedicine in homoeopathic practice by incorporating Hahnemannian principles in a case-based learning (CBL) module. Materials and Methods: A retrospective purposive study was conducted on 10 acute cases that were treated with homoeopathy through telemedicine during the COVID-19 lockdown. Patient-physician communications were analysed using Hahnemannian principles. Cases were assessed based on telecommunication application, type of consent, symptoms, signs, nosological provisional diagnosis, risk assessment, comorbidity, miasm and susceptibility status, totality of symptoms, repetition strategy and type of consult. Therapeutic management included building a logical framework of the case and auxiliary counselling. Patients were followed up to determine their health status. Results: All 10 cases were successfully treated with homoeopathy using AYUSH Telemedicine Practice Guidelines (ATPG) and incorporating Hahnemannian principles. Tele-homoeopathy was found to be effective in the pandemic by preventing disease spread and progression from mild to severe stage. Conclusion: Adhering to the ATPG and incorporating Hahnemannian principles can be effectively demonstrated through CBL modules; these enable RHPs to develop rational thinking and learn from clinical experiences.

Aim: To evaluate the antipyretic activity of Nilavembu kudineer against yeast induced pyrexia in Albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study Place and Duration: Research lab, Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur, India and KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia between March 2018 and July 2019. Methodology: The Nilavembu kudineer powder was extracted by using acetone, methanol and aqueous solvents. The acute toxicity study was carried on swiss albino mice using acetone, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Nilavembu kudineer. From this, the LD50 value was determined and 1/10th of the LD50 value was taken as ED50 value and selected for the antipyretic studies. The Pyrexia was induced by 20% suspension of Brewers’ yeast at a dose level of 20 mg/kg on Albino rats. The test extracts (200mg/kg), Standard Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) and control saline vehicle were administered orally. The phytochemical parameters such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipid, oil, amino acid, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, flavones, flavanones and alkaloids were tested using standard procedures. Statistical analysis, the values were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dennett’s test. Results: LD50 value of various extracts of Nilavembu kudineer was 2000 mg/kg and 1\10th of ED50 as 200 mg/kg was selected for screening of various pharmacological activities. The treatment with methanolic extract of Nilavembu kudineer at a dose of 200mg/kg significantly (p

Traditional system of healing that originated in South India and considered to be one of Indian’s oldest systems of medicine. The Siddha system of medicine described about 32 forms of internal medicines in Siddha text. Among these forms, Chendooram is the one form of internal medicine. The aim of this drug review is to validate the Siddha meto- mineral formulation Kadikara chendooram with scientific evidences. The medicinal uses and therapeutic actions of the part of each ingredient used in this formulation matched with current research findings from various research publications. Through this extensive review on Siddha and recent research reports minimal scientific validation has been carried out on various pharmacological actions and therapeutic benefits of each ingredient of Kadikara chendooram. The ingredients present in this formulation have effective in the treatment of Hemiplegia and diarrhea / dysentery. Based on this evidence of Siddha literature and the modern scientific research studies also provide keyhole which result are Anti-Platelet aggregation, Thrombolytic, Anti-diarrhoeal, Antimicrobial activities most presents in ingredient of Kadikara chendooram as evident from the current review. Key words: Kadikara chendooram, Hemiplegia, Siddha system.

Siddha medicines include 32 types of internal medicines and 32 types of external applications. Herbal drugs are given in the forms like choornam (powder), ilagam, Mathirai (tablets), thylam (oil) and mineral preparations in the form of parpam (white calcinated powder), chendooram (red in color) etc. The siddha formulation ‘Raasa amirthathy chooranam’ is a polyherbal formulation consists of 21 herbal ingredients. According to siddha literature, the ingredients in this formulation have therapeutic effects on Uzhzhurukki can be correlated with tuberculosis in modern medical science. Present review focuses on the composition, traditional uses of the Siddha sashtric polyherbal formulation “Raasa amirthathy chooranam” along with the scientific analysis of its pharmacological action. The current review provides a background for the various pharmacological actions of the ingredients of the formulation. Analyzing various research articles, the ingredients of this formulation possesses Anti tuberculosis, Anti microbial, Hepato protective, Anti inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immuno modulatory activity which will improve the symptoms of illness as well as prevent the complications of disease. This review explains the phyto constituents and pharmacological actions of each ingredients of Raasa amirthathy chooranam that has been mentioned in Vaiththiya Saarasangirakam, 1968, Page No 433 classical siddha literature. Key words: Raasa amirthathy chooranam, tuberculosis, polyherbal formulation.

Background: In the light of the pandemic COVID 19, world’s attention has turned to the immune system and body’s defense force. Identification of the level of epidemic preparedness and understanding of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Siddha regimens among health care workers is required to utilize their services in main stream health care effectively. Aim: The aim of this study to access the knowledge and practices of possible Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Siddha regimens during novel corona virus pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among the health care workers with the help of 15 close ended questions. The one out of six-knowledge question were scored and analysed to identify differences with sociodemographic variables (age and occupation). Response to the three out of five questions on practices were analysed to Identify the differences, differing significantly in both knowledge and practice score. Result: Out of 286 responses, knowledge score significantly differed with age (P-value 0.04) and occupation (P-value 0.01). Practice scores significantly differed with age (P-value 0.01) and occupation (P-value 0.00). Our study shows that 70% of study population is aware of the medicinal properties of Neem, Tulsi and Ashwagandha against COVID 19 and 65% strongly believes the immune boosting effect of Vitamin C and 77% include citrus fruits in their diet. Conclusion: Adopting prophylactic and therapeutic strategies on the basis of Ayurveda, Homeopathy and Siddha are useful to the mankind in fighting against the COVID 19.

Siddha system is one of the major Indian systems of medicine. Siddha sashtric formulations are used for the treatment and management of non communicable diseases like stroke, cancer, diabetes, chronic lung diseases etc. Of these, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. CINV is a significant burden for patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Nausea and vomiting are rated as two of the most distressing symptoms by chemotherapy patients and have been shown to significantly and adversely affect quality of life and physical function during treatment (Carelle et al., 2002). Many siddha sashtric formulations are available for nausea and vomiting. All of the available information about Siddha anti emetic Formulations, their ingredients and chemical constituents were collected from the rich collection of ancient Siddha books held in the library, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli. Electronic searches also made. They also have the therapeutic actions like anticancer, antioxidant, anti inflammatory, chemo preventive, gastro protective etc. This review explains the scientific evidences for the effect of Siddha Sashric formulations in the treatment and management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. This documentation provides the baseline information about the therapeutic importance of Siddha medicines in chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting and it will be useful for further clinical trials. Key words: Siddha medicine, cancer, chemotherapy, CINV, nausea and vomiting.

Sushruta explained about Guda-Roga, i.e. Ano Rectal Disease in Shalya Tantra. It includes no. of disease out of them one is Parikartika," i.e. Fissure – in – Ano. Lifestyle diseases are mainly caused by improper work pattern, stressful life, improper diet intake and improper sleep habits. These causative factors produce indigestion which leads to various lifestyle disorders, specially anorectal disorders like piles, fissure in ano, fistula in ano etc., constitute a significant group. Priyangvaadi Gana siddha tail in the management of Parikartika. The present study is designed as a Randomized, single-blind parallel in which 60 patients will be enrolled. Priyangvaadi Gana Siddha Taila Pichu and Yastimadhu tail Pichu will be given for basti twice a day. Assessment will be done 0th, 7th day, 14thday, and 28th day. The changes are expected to be observed in subjective parameters such as pain bleeding per rectum with itching as well as with objective parameters such as Parikartika Healing. The study is expecting the nonsurgical management of fissure in ano with respect to the impact of Priyangvaadi Gana Siddha tail pichu and Yastimadhu tail Pichu. The research is expecting to be a baseline and benchmark of the prospective studies in Acute Fissure in ano (Parikartika).

Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

A 60 year married female from Chennai presented with pain and restricted abduction, adduction, external rotation and flexion of right shoulder both in active and passive movements for 2 months. She was diagnosed to be affected by adhesive capsulitis which is equated to Kumbavatham, one of the vatha diseases mentioned in Siddha system of medicine. She was treated with Siddha Varmam therapy and thokkanam with Vathakesari thylam. After 15 days of hospital stay the patient was discharged and was followed for 6 months. There were no adverse reactions/events observed during the course of treatment. The combination therapy has provided the reduction in pain and restricted movements which was measured using goniometer and SPADI index.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease, nCOV-19 pandemic is exceptional and unprecedented in many aspects and it has shaken the health care system at global level. The several studies reported on nCOV-19 suggest that, immunization is the only way to fight against it. For this, Ayurveda is the most imperative as it recommends a healthy lifestyle instead of the mere prescription of medicines. Methodology: Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy is purposed with developing education, research and propagation of indigenous alternative medicine systems in India (Ministry of AYUSH). The Ministry is headed by a Minister of State, which is currently held by Shripad Yesso Naik and has recommended some measures to be followed in building strength by following the holistic approach of Ayurveda toward Swasthavritta. Thus, the present paper focuses on analysing the public perception towards Ayurveda measures using the most popular statistical techniques as ANOVA. Results: The analysis of data indicated that, the people are mesmerised by the concept of Ayurveda and are following all the possible precautions to save themselves from the effect of COVID-19. Older generation has a firm believe on the vedic science as compared to the younger generation. Conclusion: The classic of Ayurveda ‘Charaka Samhita’ describes the epidemic management and it defines immunity as the most essential to prevent diseases and arrest its progress. The foundation of Ayurveda is to building strength of mind and body to manage with different stressors, including infections. The Ayurveda concept of immunity (Bala or strength) is categorized as natural (Sahaja), chronobiologic (Kalaja), and acquired (Yuktikrut). Henceforth, we can achieve the aim of Ayurveda i.e. the Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam and Aturasya Vikar Prashamanam, against nCOV-19 pandemic.

In a very short time, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global pandemic. It has infected about 29,155,581 patients and brought forth death rate about 926,544 among 216 countries as recorded by World Health Organization on 15th September 2020. At present, there is no specific and direct treatment or vaccine for this infectious disease. No therapeutic options available to cure the infection in till date which increases the mortality rate across the countries. Currently there is no antiviral treatments have been approved, several approaches have been proposed in western medicine, Chinese medicine, CAM, AYUSH and other systems. Siddha Herbal medicines are achieving high attention because of the extensive therapeutics like potent anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India recommended 12 Siddha herbals (Inji – Zingiber officinale, Thulasi – Ocimum sanctum, Milaku – Piper nigrum, Karunjeeragam – Nigella sativa, Keezhanelli – Phyllanthus niruri, Adhimathuram – Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vellaippoondu – Allium sativum, Citramutti – Sida cardifolia, Seenthil – Tinospora cordifolia, Manjal – Curcuma longa, Elumitchai – Citrus lemon and Vembu – Azadirachta indica) for the prevention by enhancing immunity as well as for the management of this infectious disease in its recent official publication ‘Guidelines for Siddha Practitioners for COVID 19’. This is the common advisory and the anti-viral activity of these herbals against COVID 19 is not established yet. The current situation demands proper herbal drug utilization to prepare the population immunity to fight against the infection. The present review spotlight on the literature review and the review of pharmacological actions of these herbals.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the hepatoprotective nature of Siddha formulation manjal noi kudineer (MNK) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Zebrafish Danio rerio model. Methods: Pharmacological studies were carried out in the adult zebra fish model in the category of four groups; each individual group contained ten animals. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were considered as control groups, disease control groups, and drug treated groups at different concentrations, respectively. Histopathological analysis was recorded. Results: The observed research findings were confirmed that this novel Siddha formulation MNK possess potent hepatoprotective effect at the both dose level of 250 mg/l–500 mg/l against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish. Conclusion: Siddha medicinal formulation has been in practice for more than 1000 years. Liver diseases are the highly prevalent one among all the diseases. Although huge drugs are available for liver diseases, there is a need for cost effectiveness drugs without any adverse effect. From the study, it was concluded that the drug MNK has promising hepatoprotective activity in dose-dependent manners and restores the basic liver architecture by means of its rejuvenating potential against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish model. We can strongly suggest that the Sastric Siddha drug MNK to treat various kinds of liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. This research work may be highly beneficial to the people who suffered from various liver diseases if the drug will be given clinically.

There are number of herbal plants used as medicines from the ancient time. Chemical constituents from those plants isolated for wide range of diseased condition utilizes in from the ancient times in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha etc. systems. Feronia elephantum Correa from the family Rutaceae also known as Kaith, Wood apple is one of them which have many chemical constituents with important medicinal purposes and diseases like Diabetes mellitus, ulcer, as diuretic, liver tonic etc. Leaves of the plant are astringent, carminative and prescribed for vomiting, dysentery, hiccough, indigestion and slight bowel affections of children. The fruits are used as dessert, source of beverages and juices. The fruit pulp is used externally as a remedy for certain insect bite. The bark is aromatic and cooling, useful in vitiated conditions of pitta. It is indigenous in South India, Java, Myanmar, Malaysia and Ceylon and cultivated in many parts of India. This plant is already used traditionally in Sri Lanka for many purposes like vomiting, dysentery etc. Chemical constituents isolated from the plant different parts already investigated for many pharmacological and pharmaceutical activities like Anti-ulcer, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, cytotoxic, Antitumor, Antihistaminic, Hepatoprotective, Antifungal, Antifertility and Anti-inflammatory. This article is an attempt to compile all the details of plant Feronia elephantum Correa.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (NAT) is regarded as a multipotent medicinal plant which is widely used in Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani and Siddha. The plant has caught the eyes of the scientific and commercial communities for potential use in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, folk medicines and textile, etc. Traditionally, treatment with NAT has been demonstrated in the scientific literature for ailments such as chronic fever, biliary disorder, liver disorder, rheumatism, obstinate sciatica, malaria, bronchitis, wound healing, skin disorders, stomachic, astringent, menstruation. The plant has also gained notoriety in nanotechnology. The main purpose of this review is to explore the potential dimensions of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis centered on ethnobotanical relevance, nanosciences, industrial endeavors, and most importantly conservation in natural habitat. N. arbor-tristis is rich source of bioactive compounds including arbortristoside-A, arbortristoside-B, astraglin, nicotiflorin, quercetin and many more; that specifies their prospective as therapeutic agent and also for foretelling and controlling the eminence of this plant. Besides, it has revealed strong prospective as a safe and natural coloring agent due to the manifestation of natural pigment nyctanthin (crocetin), which can supplementary be applied in food and textile industries. Availability of various market products postulates economic affluence of this plant. Alongside all the advantages taken out of this divine plant, natural abundance can also be maintained modestly by using in vitro mass multiplication techniques to maintain sustainable supply of valuable products.

Siddha system of medicine is a distinct therapeutic science with many single drugs and compound formulations used for treating a broad spectrum of ailments Siddha categorizes the fever manifested by viral infestation into 64 types and it has developed medicines for each type Kapacurak / Kabasurak Kutinir (KK) described in the Citta Vaittiyattirattu is the best promising polyherbal formulation of plant origin for curing viral infections especially with flu-like symptoms As per Siddha system of medicine Kapacuram is defined as a fever with upper and lower respiratory catarrh KK is one of the medicines advised for prevention of Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in India by Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India KK also emerged to be a popular traditional medicine for swine flu as well The current review recapitulates active phytochemicals of all the 15 herbal drug ingredients in KK with the aim to provide it support for usage in flu-like viral infections spreading over the world in the scenario of having no modern medicines Interestingly, out of 15 herbal ingredients in KK, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Andrographis paniculata whole plant, Syzygium aromaticum flower bud, Cyperus rotundus tuber, Sida acuta roots and Saussurea costus root have been proved to exhibit antiviral activities All the ingredients have been proved to possess antinflammatory activities Three proved to have antipyretic potential and five each proved to possess analgesic and immunomodulatory activities There are ingredients with antiasthmatic and antispasmodic supporting its use in respiratory illnesses such as that caused by COVID-19 The study supports the usage of KK as a traditional Siddha medicine against respiratory illnesses with flu-like symptoms characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 © 2021, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India All rights reserved

Gold, the king of metals, valued for its timeless beauty and properties, was known to the ancients as the metal of gods, a symbol of nobility of spirit, knowledge and meditation. To the alchemists, gold that never tarnishes was the metal of sun, giver of light and warmth. In Indian tradition, gold, a sacred metal, is seen as a “mineral light” capturing threads of brilliance in physical form. The metal is even consumed as an elixir to treat diseases and prepare the body and mind for spiritual journeys. The Siddhars (‘the perfected ones’), considered as saints and mystics in South India, played a vital role in alchemy, processing gold into a bioavailable form and formulating an important number of gold-based medicines such as thanga parpam, thanga chendooram, thanga kattu, thanga chunnam and other preparations. Due to the myths and legends surrounding the Siddhars and to the scarcity of the primary sources, many modern scientists looked at this medical system with some disdain and omitted to discuss its important achievements. In this work, it is our intention to fill in this gap and focus specifically on the gold-based Siddha medicines.

Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) is commonly referred to as Siam Weed, a major medicinal plant found in tropical Asia, Australia, and West Africa. The medicinal use of Chromolaena odorata had been documented in the conventional system such as the Siddha, Unani, Ayurveda. The pharmacological properties of this plant are widely varying. A wide variety of attractive but limited compounds were extracted from this Chromolaena odorata and the pharmacological activities were screened out. This review the various properties of Chromolaena odorata and focus on its various medicinal properties. It is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations. This article will give an exhaustive summary and analysis of Chromolaena odorata pharmacological activities. The present article including the detailed exploration of pharmacological properties of C. odorata is an attempt to provide a direction for further research.

Siddha system of Medicine (SSM) is the ancient medical system flourished on par with the civilization of Southern part of India. In SSM, 32 types of Siddha External Therapy (SET) and procedures play a major role in treating diseases which are described by Siddhar Theraiyar. Apart from Theraiyar, Various Siddhars have also explained SET in the Siddha literatures. Being SET has vital role in clinical practice; a comprehensive connotation about its terminologies is needed. Proper understanding and clear explanations for the technical Siddha terms can be mostly obtained through “T.V.Sambasivam Pillai Siddha Medical Dictionary (Tamil - English) / TVS Dictionary”. The Siddha Encyclopedia and Android application for Research Community and Health care institutions (SEARCHi) Project team had analyzed all the terminologies and identified 1037 terminologies related with SET from the entire 86,618 terminologies of this Dictionary. The identified SET terminologies were assorted into 4 main categories. One of the categories, Siddha External Therapy as per Siddhar Theraiyar (SET) was further categorized in to 32 classes. T.V.Sambasivam Pillai (TVS) elaborated SET terminologies in several aspects like synonyms, vernacular names, equivalent modern terminologies, different school of thoughts, treatment methodology etc. Emphasizing the need for globalized use, standardization with respect to research for further comprehension and analysis are needed. This Dictionary is the notable work for extensive collection of SET terminologies which can be used by Researchers, Students community and Academicians for their all research works, reference purpose and to know the depth meaning and associated contents. By knowing these terminologies one can take out the hidden treasures present in ancient Siddha literatures. Keywords: Siddha, Siddha External Therapy, External Therapy Terminologies, Siddha Medical Dictionary, T. V. Sambasivam Pillai, SEARCH.

Tragia is well known in the botanical world a stinging plants. Apart from this, the genus also occupies an important constituent of alternative systems of medicine as well as ethnobotany. Among the various species of Tragia, the most studied and experimented species is T. involucrata. This genus is used for several ethnobotanical uses such as cancer, diarrhea, constipation, scorpion bite, rheumatism, whooping cough and diabetes. Apart from this the genus is also an important constituent of ayurvedic and siddha medicines. Owing to these properties several researches has been conducted to validate the traditional uses, finding out new uses and understanding the phytochemical profile. Alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids and tannin are present in the genus Tragia. Calcium oxalate and shellsol is responsible for the stinging property. Various species of Tragia has been validated for its important properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. All these properties has been related to the occurrence of secondary metabolites. However the exact lead metabolite for the pharmacological properties has to be identified. Based the experimentally proved pharmacological properties, Tragia possesses significant potential on a medicinal species.

Varmam is a subtle energy that functions in the body. The places where these energies reside and activate both body and life are known as Varmam points. Any disturbance to the flow of these energy results in illness. From the literature, it is found that no method exists to measure the energies prevailing in the Varmam points. The objective of this research is to capture the signals and analyse them to compute the life energy in Varmam points which could be used for determining the pressure to be applied over the point for better diagnosis. In this research, we have developed a device to monitor life energy using Bio Sensors. Energy levels were measured at two Varmam points, Kai Kavali Varmam and Manibatha Varmam, for a group of people and found that the energy levels vary with gender irrespective of age groups.

In the current scenario, whole world community is facing serious pandemic ailments. It has been attracted to human being to think over our Indian traditional healing system i.e. Ayurveda, Unani, Yoga, Siddha, Homeopathy & Naturopathy and other traditional folklore systems. Due to rapid destruction of natural vegetation, over exploitation of natural resources and various anthropogenic activities, an important species Commiphora wighttii (Arn.) Bhandari (Guggul) have been shifted under threatened category as per International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Guggul oleo-gum resin is used traditionally in Indian System of Medicine since immemorial time and also in modern system of medicine. Keeping in view, the National Medicinal Plants Board, under Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has supported projects for conservation and resource augmentation of Guggul in Gujarat state forest departments. Present paper deals with propagation, year-wise plantations, area covered, survival percentage and grading as per monitoring of the plantation area. Apart from, need of scientific oleo-gum resin tapping from planted area of Guggul is also highlighted.

The most recent severe acute respiratory condition corona infection outburst has overwhelmed an ill-equipped nature among a festival season. It was first appeared on December 1, 2019, Wuhan (China) and recognized as a coronavirus and has spread worldwide. The manifestations are fever, discomfort and cough which resolve in a couple of days yet may advance to an extreme in most of the cases, but if any comorbidity exists in the form of diabetes, hypertension or any other debilitating systemic disease, then it can lead to grave prognosis. It spread mainly from one person to another through air droplet. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet but still scientists are working relentlessly to find one. Thus, the society has must think about the complementary and alternative medicinal system. India has its traditional medicine “AYUSH”, which comprises of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. This review mainly aims to summarize the point’s alternative to allopathy. AYUSH helps in immune system boosting, act as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, stress release. It has been reported in the literature that it has no side effect and is safe to use. So this current situation provides an opportunity to employ ancient traditional medicine to take part and try to deal in the best way to withstand covid-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a severe impact globally. As of now, very little is available for the cure of this disease. The rapid increase in the number of confirmed cases makes prevention and control extremely important. In view of the success of traditional Indian medicine drugs during the several epidemics in the past, it is logical and essential to examine the contributions of the Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indian traditional medicines interventions are well known and have several potential drug candidates that can be used as an add-on therapy along with current modern drugs. Herbal medicines containing bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-viral, and immune-modulating properties like Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum sanctum, Allium sativum, Citrus limon can be explored as therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Health-promoting immunomodulators like Withaniasomnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Piper longum, Glycyrrhiza glabra may improve host defense and could be an effective prophylaxis approach against COVID-19. The present mini-review is aimed to survey and introduce important medicinal herbs and plants which can be used against Covid-19.

Introduction: Students of medical college can be potential COVID warriors who could play a significant role in the course of the coronavirus disease outcome Their activities and role depend upon their knowledge and perception of the disease Objective: To assess the knowledge and perception about the COVID19 pandemic among a convenience sample of the undergraduate students of Ayurveda College in the Vidarbha area of Maharashtra state, India Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional survey conducted upon the undergraduate medical students using online google forms The population strata were based upon a predetermined number of open slots into which students from each year could enrol A minimum of 10% open slot was reserved for each professional year including interns Results: Out of 560 undergraduate students of the two colleges, 336 participants completed the online survey questionnaire More than 90% of the respondents had good knowledge of the mode of disease transmission 94% of medical students felt, lockdown implementation along with an increase in testing for suspected cases by the government of India to be a necessary step in avoiding the spread of the disease 84 4% of them believed that the Indian system of Medicines like Ayurveda, Yoga, and Siddha can contribute to reducing the risk of reducing the Corona Pandemic 79 3% of them had recommended Ayurveda Medicine to their family members or others for immune boosting Conclusion: This survery serves as a guide or a base to public health care authorities, clinicians, and researchers This methodology of the quick online surveys upon the general public to assess their knowledge, perception, and opinion could be used by public health authorities and act accordingly It can also be concluded that medical undergraduate students can be effective COVID warriors in educating the general public © IJCRR

Indian traditional system of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and folk medicines are widely accepted globally due to their effectiveness with fewer side effects in comparison to other modern systems of medicine. Herbal plants are widely used in India by rural and urban peoples for treatment of different diseases. These herbal plants may serve as renoprotective in different clinical condition like drug-induced nephrotoxicity, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease, etc. This paper gives information related to dose dependent nephroprotection of selected medicinal plants in drug induced nephrotoxicity animal model. These plants are showing nephroprotection due to their chemical constituents, which are present in different parts of the plant. The chemical constituent of these plants may serve as novel compounds for development of new cost-effective medicine with fewer side effects for all aged renal patients.

Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicines for their unmatched availability of bioactive compounds. Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children worldwide. It is ranked 16th among the leading causes of years lived with disability. Medicinal plants have placed a vital role in the siddha system of medicine over centuries to cure acute and chronic illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate toxicity analysis to evaluate safety of the siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in vivo in wistar albino rats. Thulasi Ennai is a polyherbal siddha formulation mentioned in the ancient siddha books and literature, indicated to cure childhood bronchial asthma. In this study, Thulasi Ennai administered orally at a single dose of 2000mg/kg body weight and monitored for 14 days. For subacute toxicity study, Thulasi Ennai was orally administered in different doses of 200,400mg/kg body weight, daily for 28 days. At the end of each study physical parameters, hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis were evaluated. No animals in each group of acute or subacute toxicity study showed mortality or clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Hence, the results of the study indicate a safe toxicological profile of Thulasi Ennai.

Jwara is one of the dreadful diseases, which affects the human body, mind as well as senses. The jwara has been described in all the classics of Ayurveda with prime importance. The fever has been described in detail with its etiology, pathology, sign symptoms, and management. Diet is being equally important as that of medicine. Jwara occurs due to the depletion of the digestive fire leading to the formation of aama. In Charak samhita different diet and drinks have been described as per the condition of jwara. Siddha jala (medicated drinks) has been described in jwara such as Ushna jala in vata kapha jwara, Tiktaka shruta sheeta jala in madyaja and paittika jwara, Shadanga Paneeya in all kinds of jwara. Shadanga paneeya has been described as useful in all kinds of jwara.Shadnga contains six drugs, viz., musta(Cyperus rotundus Linn), parpatak(Fumaria parviflora Lam.), usheera(Vetiveria zizanoides (Linn) Nash.), chandana(Santalum album Linn.), uddichya(Pavonia odorata Willd), nagar(Zingiber officinale Roscoe). This combination is unique, and helpful in all kinds of jwara. The drug possessing the properties of sheeta veerya and tikta, katu rasa, by virtue of which they are useful in pacifying the jwara. Therefore, here an attempt is made to understand the applicability of Shadanga paneeya in all kinds of jwara

Background: Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. Methods: Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. Conclusion: Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.

In Siddha system Arsenics are called as Paasaanam (toxins). Veeram is one of the paasaanam, its chemical formula is Hg2Cl2 (Calomel). Internally arsenic based medicines are used for rheumatoid arthritis, generalized body pain, syphilis, epilepsy and cancer.Various organic agents are used to purify the veeram such as milk, tender coconut, bitter guard and lemon juice. In this study raw veeram and products obtained after purification were analyzed using FTIR Spectroscopy with a view to understand the need and mechanism of this purification processes. FTIR analysis was carried out before and after purification. Efforts were made to study various chemical changes veeram undergoes during this process. FTIR of the raw Veeram and its processed samples were recorded between 4000-400cm-1. In the study raw drug showed only nine functional groups in the region between 3789.36cm-1 and 468.75cm-1. Bitter gourd treated veeram peaks were observed in the region between 3526.99 and 476.62cm-1 and a total of 13-peaks were obtained. Milk treated veeram showed peaks in the region between 3851.10 and 470.39cm-1 and total of 16- peaks were obtained. This method indicated presence of large number of functional groups. Lemon juice treated veeram showed peaks in between 3839.33 and 471.99cm-1 total of 15-peaks were obtained. Tender coconut veeram peaks were observed in between 3877.84 and 477.33cm-1 and total of 15-peaks were obtained. From this data number of functional groups increased in purified samples which indicated that the toxic veeram is not only detoxified but also interacted with functional groups of purifying agents there by therapeutic potency is enhanced.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the antibacterial property of Curcuma longa. Human beings are dependent on the use of plants and herbs as a source of drugs for curing ailments since ancient times. Herbs are medicinal plants which are created by nature for curing human diseases. Ayurvedic Materia Medica is a rich repository of herbs and about 2000 plant species mentioned in Ayurveda are used to cure various diseases in human beings. In Veda and Atharvaveda, written around 2000 BC, there are a lot of medical references and prescriptions showing beneficial results in a cure for a number of human chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgia, jaundice, skin diseases, gout, tumors, encephalitis, and bronchitis. Most of the medicinal plants and herbs have been found to have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and protective properties. The use of the traditional system of medicines in India and China such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha is around 5000 years old, which recommends management of lifestyle, including diet management, exercise, and meditation along with treatment, including specific herbs to cure several ailments. Curcuma longa a traditional herbal medicine is widely used in India since ancient times to cure several ailments.In the present study, antibacterial property of ethanolic extract, extracted from dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa was studied in microbiology laboratory against different bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: The dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa were purchased from local market in Punjab. The collected roots of Curcuma longa were washed, shade dried, grounded to fine powder and was subjected to soxhlet extraction using ethanol as solvent. Two bacterial strains were used in current study; one was Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The method to access antibacterial activity was Cylinder Plate method. Results: 50 gm. of dried powder was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using ethanol solvent to get the extract of curcumin for investigation of antibacterial activity of turmeric against different Gram-positive and Gram negative bacterial strains using cylindrical plate method. A distinguished zones of inhibition 6.5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 11 mm in diameter were seen under plates containing different concentrations of Curcuma longa extract. Conclusion: The potentiality of extract of Curcuma longa to inhibit the growth of microbial strains indicates its broad-spectrum antibacterial property which can be used for the betterment of health of society to treat several infections. Turmeric and its constituents may be included in modern system of medicine for the development of new dosage forms to treat several diseases with natural herbs with lesser adverse effects in comparison to allopathic system of medicine and improve the health and wellness of our society.

Introduction: Healthy human body needs iron for multiple process during development. Several diseases are associated with iron deficiency and increased demands also may lead to iron deficiency. Many diseases have been addressed by siddha system of medicine like syphilis, respiratory diseases, carcinoma etc and there has been mention of usage of metals, mineral, arsenics and hydrochemicals constituting about 220 types which are used for preparing medicines. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Annabedi Chendhuram (Siddha) and Elemental iron (Allopathy) in the treatment of Iron deficiency anaemia to achieve normal function of it. Iron preparations are commonly used to improve hemoglobin content of blood. ‘Vaithya Sastram’ explained elaborately the diet for Pandu (anaemia). Materials and Methods: Cross sectional multicentric Prospective randomized study is conducted in Arupadai Veedu Medical College, Kirumampakkam, Pondy to cuddalore ECR Main Road, Puducherry and IRT-Perundurai Medical College Erode, District for 45 days using two different oral iron preparation Siddha drug: Annabedi Chendhuram 100mg twice daily orally – after food. Alopathy drug. Result and Discussion: Among the patients of group I, hemoglobin level increases 2-3 grams% in 15 patients, 3 to 4 grams % in 7 patients, 1 gram % in 3 patients after 45 days of treatment. Among the patients of group II, hemoglobin level increases 2 grams % in 12 patients, 1 to 2 grams % in 6 patients, 1 gram % in 2 patients after 45 days of treatment. Out of treated patients in group I, 6 patients had nausea only. Out of treated patients in group II, 2 patients had constipation only. Conclusion: Annabedi Chendhuram (siddha) and Elemental iron (allopathy) both are equally effective but in terms of side effect siddha was slightly better further need to conduct a large sample study for better understanding Keywords: Annabedi Chendhuram, Elemental iron, Anemia.

Kaba Suram (phlegmatic fever) is one among the 64 types of Suram (Pyrexia/fever), its synonyms, causes, pathology and characteristics have been mentioned crystal clear in Siddha literature. Its clinical features have been mentioned in few literatures such as Theran karisal, Suravagadam, Yugi chinthamani etc., which are almost similar to each other. The present day pandemic disease COVID-19 which still lacks specific drug towards its management or prophylaxis has become the spectrum of research focus in current scenario. Upon keen understanding of the Siddha literature the signs and symptoms of Kaba Suram fall in line with COVID-19 and a few other flu like illnesses. Therefore, the herbal decoction Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK) indicated for the management of Kaba Suram has been recommended by the Siddha research community towards an integrated approach in tackling this worldwide emergency. The current scientific community demands evidence based explanation to understand the concept of Siddha system of medicine and necessitates International standards to reassure the efficacy of Siddha medicine. In this aspect, this review is aimed at evaluating all the available informations on Kaba Suram in Siddha literature and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to interpret the search results in terms of pathophysiology of Kaba Suram based on Mukkutram theory. This effort would therefore enable the Siddha research community to opt for effective Siddha medicines to manage the present pandemic situation.

Introduction: Siddha is one of the ancient traditional medicine systems originated in South India which incorporates the extensive use of herbs, inorganic substances and animal products for maintaining a healthy life. Siddha system of medicine (SSM) has diverse and extensive use of natural resources for the prevention and management of comorbid conditions, widespread epidemic or pandemic diseases. Methodology: This article is the review on Siddha literatures, research and review articles in Google Scholar, major scientific databases such as SciFinder, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Springer using the major terminologies COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, epidemic, immune-modulatory, antiviral, environmental sanitization and Siddha. The collected data’s are extracted as SARS-COV-2 outline, Basic concepts, communicable diseases and preventive measures revealed in Siddha system of Medicine. Moreover the authors have tabulated the herbs used as health promoters and immune-modulators in Siddha, herbs used for fumigation and sanitization and the herbal ingredients used in important Siddha formulations for the management of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Many of the active principles present in the herbs are studied, proven to be effective immune-modulators, antivirals, anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents, which may also be effective towards the control of COVID-19. However, further scientific studies and data are required to support the use of Siddha medicines and herbs.