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Recent evidence points to a stromal decidualization-like response in the pregnant porcine uterus. The objective of this study was to evaluate expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), a sensitive indicator of endometrial stromal decidualization, in endometrium of pregnant sows and to further investigate this phenomenon. Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunostaining analysis were used to study TIMP-3 expression between/at attachment sites of endometrium of Days 13, 18 and 24 pregnant sows. The results indicate that TIMP-3 protein expression was lowest by Day 13 compared with Day 18 ( P < 0.01) and 24 ( P < 0.01), and the expression was higher at attachment sites than between attachment sites on Day 13 ( P < 0.01) and 18 ( P < 0.01). TIMP-3 intensive immunostaining was observed in stroma of endometrium on Days 13, 18 and 24, and the staining at attachment sites was stronger than between attachment sites. Collectively, these results suggest the crucial role of TIMP-3 in successful implantation and embryo survival and indicate the endometrial stromal decidualization-like in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several microbial isolates with high AFB1 transformation ability have been identified in our previous studies. The aim of this research was to characterize one of those isolates, Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068, and to explore its biotransformation mechanism. The bacterial isolate of M. fulvus ANSM068, isolated from deer feces, was able to transform AFB1 by 80.7% in liquid VY/2 medium after incubation at 30 °C for 72 h. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was more effective in transforming AFB1 as compared to the cells alone and the cell extract. The transformation activity was significantly reduced and eradicated after the culture supernatant was treated with proteinase K, proteinase K plus SDS and heating. Culture conditions, including nitrogen source, initial pH and incubation temperature were evaluated for an optimal AFB1 transformation. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analyses showed that AFB1 was transformed to a structurally different compound. Infrared analysis (IR) indicated that the lactone ring on the AFB1 molecule was modified by the culture supernatant. Chromatographies on DEAE-Ion exchange and Sephadex-Molecular sieve and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to determine active components from the culture supernatant, indicating that enzyme(s) were responsible for the AFB1 biotransformation. This is the first report on AFB1 transformation by a strain of myxobacteria through enzymatic reaction(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several microbial isolates with high AFB1 transformation ability have been identified in our previous studies. The aim of this research was to characterize one of those isolates, Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068, and to explore its biotransformation mechanism. The bacterial isolate of M. fulvus ANSM068, isolated from deer feces, was able to transform AFB1 by 80.7% in liquid VY/2 medium after incubation at 30 °C for 72 h. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was more effective in transforming AFB1 as compared to the cells alone and the cell extract. The transformation activity was significantly reduced and eradicated after the culture supernatant was treated with proteinase K, proteinase K plus SDS and heating. Culture conditions, including nitrogen source, initial pH and incubation temperature were evaluated for an optimal AFB1 transformation. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analyses showed that AFB1 was transformed to a structurally different compound. Infrared analysis (IR) indicated that the lactone ring on the AFB1 molecule was modified by the culture supernatant. Chromatographies on DEAE-Ion exchange and Sephadex-Molecular sieve and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to determine active components from the culture supernatant, indicating that enzyme(s) were responsible for the AFB1 biotransformation. This is the first report on AFB1 transformation by a strain of myxobacteria through enzymatic reaction(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel amperometric immunosensor based on chitosan–gold nanoparticles (Chit–GNPs) composite film and thionine (Thi) was prepared for the determination of α-1-fetoprotein (AFP). The immunosensor was prepared by electro-depositing a Chit–GNPs composite matrix on the surface of the glass carbon electrode, then Thi was immobilized onto the Chit–GNPs film using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Furthermore, the GNPs were chemisorbed onto Thi film for immobilization of α-1-fetoprotein antibody. The procedure of the immunosensor was characterized by means of cyclic voltammograms. The performance and influencing factors of the resulting immunosensor were studied in details. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor was highly sensitive to AFP and the linear range covered from 0.40 to 200.0 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.24 ng mL−1 at three times background noise. Moreover, the simple and controllable electro-deposition method overcame the irreproducibility for preparing Chit-based immunosensor systems and the proposed immunosensor displayed a satisfactory reproducibility and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An immunosensor has been fabricated for direct amperometric determination of carcinoembryonic antigen. It is based on a biocompatible composite film composed of porous chitosan (pChit) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Firstly, a pChit film was formed on a glassy carbon electrode by means of electrodeposition. Then, thionine as a redox probe was immobilized on the pChit film modified electrode using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Finally, GNPs were adsorbed on the electrode surface to assemble carcinoembryonic antibody (anti-CEA). The surface morphology of the pChit films was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope. The immunosensor was further characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviors and factors influencing the performance of the resulting immunosensors were studied in detail. Results showed that the pChit films can enhance the surface coverage of antibodies and improve the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor was highly sensitive to CEA with a detection limit of 0.08 ng·mL−1 at three times the background noise and linear ranges of 0.2∼10.0 ng·mL−1 and 10.0∼160 ng·mL−1. Moreover, the immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, good reproducibility and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a SiO 2 layer-coated g-C 3 N 4 catalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method to overcome the poor adsorption ability and high recombination rate of charge carriers of pristine g-C 3 N 4 . SEM and TEM images indicated that SiO 2 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of g-C 3 N 4 nanoparticles with a layered structure and the layers were tightly contacted with g-C 3 N 4 . XRD patterns, FTIR spectra, UV-vis spectra and XPS spectra revealed that the structure of g-C 3 N 4 was not destroyed and its photoelectric catalytic properties were not suppressed by the coating of SiO 2 layers. Adsorption experiments revealed that the SiO 2 layers improved the adsorption performance of g-C 3 N 4 and their ratios were adjusted. The molecular weights of the final products of the degradation of RhB and antibiotics were at the micro-molecule level while the amount of g-C 3 N 4 reached 1.2% of the mass fraction, which were more suitable for pollutant degradation compared with those of g-C 3 N 4 due to its poor adsorption ability. The reason for this was likely that the SiO 2 layers were not only beneficial for the adsorption of pollutants and intermediate products but also for prolonging the life time of the separated electrons and holes. Finally, active trapping experiments confirmed that both the holes and superoxide radicals were the main factors in the degradation of RhB and antibiotics, with the superoxides being the most active species., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Objectives: The occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can greatly affect the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the probability of PAH development in patients with stage 3-5 CKD to guide early intervention and to improve prognosis., Methods: From August 2018 to December 2021, we collected the data of 1258 patients with stage 3-5 CKD hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University as a training set and 389 patients hospitalized at Zhongda Hospital as a validation set. These patients were divided into PAH and N-PAH groups with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure ≥ 35 mmHg as the cutoff. The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to establish the nomogram. Then, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROCs), a calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the nomogram., Results: The nomogram included nine variables: age, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, platelet count, serum creatinine, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, main pulmonary artery diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction. The AUC-ROCs of the training set and validation set were 0.801 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.771-0.830) and 0.760 (95% CI 0.699-0.818), respectively, which showed good discriminative ability of the nomogram. The calibration diagram showed good agreement between the predicted and observed results. DCA also demonstrated that the nomogram could be clinically useful., Conclusion: The evaluation of the nomogram model for predicting PAH in patients with CKD based on risk factors showed its ideal efficacy. Thus, the nomogram can be used to screen for patients at high risk for PAH and has guiding value for the subsequent formulation of prevention strategies and clinical treatment., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of finerenone on cardiovascular events in Kidney Disease and/or Diabetes., Methods: The ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to December 20, 2021 in order to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of finerenone on cardiovascular events in Kidney Disease and/or Diabetes, without language restriction. This meta-analysis collected data from 7 randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of finrrenone in 15,618 patients with kidney disease and/or diabetes. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Inconsistency among trial results was assessed by I 2 statistic. The main endpoints included death from cardiovascular causes, death from any cause, incidence of myocardial infarction, rate of heart failure, hospitalization for any cause, rate of total advent events and study-drug-related adverse events., Results: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials involving 15,618 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of this meta-analysis presented that finerenone significantly reduced the death from any cause (95% CI 0.82-0.99; P = 0.031), risk of heart failure (95% CI 0.67-0.92; P = 0.002) among patients with kidney disease and/or diabetes when compared to control group. Besides, finerenone could not reduce the incidence of death from cardiovascular, myocardial infarction and hospitalization for any cause among patients with kidney disease and/or diabetes (p > 0.05). In terms of safety, finerenone shared the same risk of total advent events with placebo among patients with kidney disease and/or diabetes (p > 0.05). However, finerenone had higher risk of study-drug-related advent events than placebo among patients with kidney disease and/or diabetes (95% CI 1.27-1.48; P < 0.001)., Conclusions: In patients with kidney disease and/or diabetes, treatment with finerenone resulted in lower risk of death from any cause and heart failure than placebo. However, the study-drug-related advent events also increased significantly at the same time., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Background: In the surgical treatment of breast cancer, the goal of surgeons is to continually create and improve minimally invasive surgical techniques to increase patients' quality of life. Currently, routine breast-conserving surgery is often performed using two obvious incisions. Here, we compare the clinical efficacy and aesthetic outcomes of a novel technique using one incision, called 'single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery' (SIE-BCS), vs. conventional breast-conserving surgery (C-BCS) in patients with early-stage breast cancer., Methods: A total of 180 patients with stage I or stage II breast cancer participated in this study, of whom 63 underwent SIE-BCS and 117 underwent C-BCS. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using the BREAST-Q scale., Results: The mean operation time was significantly longer for SIE-BCS (194.9 ± 71.5 min) than for C-BCS (140.3 ± 56.9 min), but the mean incision length was significantly shorter for SIE-BCS than for C-BCS (3.4 ± 1.2 cm vs. 8.6 ± 2.3 cm). While both surgeries yielded similar BREAST-Q ratings for satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being, SIE-BCS was associated with significantly better ratings for physical well-being (chest area) and psychological well-being. Additionally, SIE-BCS was associated with decreased rates of adverse effects of radiation. The preliminary analysis showed that SIE-BCS did not increase the risk of local recurrence or metastasis., Conclusion: The novel single-port insufflation endoscopic assisted BCS technique is feasible, safe, and improves patients' postoperative comfort and psychological well-being, as compared to the conventional technique., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: The anterior chest wall (ACW) involvement is characteristic of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, yet little research has focused on its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings., Purpose: To characterize the MRI features of the ACW in patients with SAPHO syndrome., Methods: Seventy-one patients with SAPHO syndrome and ACW involvement evidenced by bone scintigraphy were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The ACW region was scanned using sagittal, axial, and oblique coronal Dixon T2-weighted sequences and axial Dixon T1-weighted sequences. The characteristics of both active inflammatory and chronic structural lesions were evaluated., Results: The ACW lesions exhibited an asymmetrical distribution and a predilection for the sternocostoclavicular region (93.0%). Notably, 91.5% of the patients had lesions in the area of the anterior first ribs. Bone marrow edema (BME) was observed in 63 (88.7%) patients, which mainly affected the sternocostal joints (87.3%) and the manubrium sterni (84.5%). All of the BMEs were distributed under the articular surface or the bone cortex, consistent with the distribution of the ligaments and joint capsules. Synovitis was detected in 64 (90.1%) patients, with a predilection for the sternoclavicular joints (76.1%). A soft tissue mass or infiltration was found in all the patients who had bone marrow edema. Thirteen (18.3%) patients showed venous stenosis. Structural changes included bone bridge formation (80.3%), hyperostosis (43.7%), and fat infiltration (39.4%). Four common patterns of involvement were observed: the first rib area, the sternoclavicular area, the sternal angle area, and the areas of the second to sixth sternocostal joints., Conclusion: The ACW lesions of SAPHO syndrome demonstrated a triad of enthesitis, synovitis, and osteitis, suggesting complex interactions among the ligaments, synovium, and bones in the region. The inflammatory changes in the first rib area were highlighted in SAPHO syndrome.

Objectives: Indirubin (IR) is a bisindole compound extracted from the leaves of Chinese herb Indigo Naturalis. Indigo Naturalis has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease in which γδ T cells play an important role. This study aims to determine the immunoregulatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of Indirubin in psoriasis-related inflammatory responses., Methods: BALB/c mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis were treated with saline (Model), 1 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX) that serves as a positive control, or 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg Indirubin(IR) intragastrically. Keratinocytes proliferation, inflammatory cells infiltration, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Jak/Stat pathway-related proteins in the skin lesion were examined. The abundance of γδ T cells in lymph nodes and spleen was determined by flow cytometry. The IL-17 expression and secretion, and the activation of Jak3/Stat3 pathways in in vitro cultured γδ T cell were tested., Results: Indirubin ameliorated keratinocyte proliferation, reduced the infiltration of CD3 + T cells, IL-17 A-producing γδ T cells, and CD11b + neutrophils, inhibited the mRNA expression of Il1, Il6, Il23, Il17a and Il22, and the protein expression of Jak/Stat pathway-related molecules in the skin lesion. Indirubin also reduced the abundance of γδ T cell and CCR6 + γδ T cells (the major IL-17 A producer) in spleen and lymph nodes. In cultured γδ T cells, Indirubin inhibited the mRNA expression of Il17a and Ifng, and the secretion of IL-17 A, while suppressed the activation of Jak3/Stat3 pathways., Conclusion: Indirubin alleviates IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mainly through reducing the inflammatory responses mediated by IL-17 A-producing γδ T cells involving Jak3/Stat3 activation. Our results highlighted the novel mechanisms by which Indirubin ameliorates psoriasis-related inflammatory responses, supporting its therapeutic potential., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a common form of deafness. Acupuncture has been used as a salvage therapy for ISSNHL in China since 200 BCE. However, the efficacy of acupuncture has not been confirmed in strictly controlled trials. We designed a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and long-term effects of acupuncture in patients with early ISSNHL., Methods/design: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we will enroll 124 participants with ISSNHL diagnosed 2 to 4 weeks prior to enrollment, who have shown little hearing improvement after routine Western medical treatment (i.e., corticosteroids). 62 of these participants will have flat audiogram and the other 62 will have a high-frequency drop audiogram; they will all take Methycobal while half of the flat type and half of the high-frequency drop type will also receive acupuncture treatments for 4 weeks in a four-group design. The primary outcome measure will be the effective rate of hearing improvement (defined as the proportion of patients with at least 15-dB improvement in the hearing loss frequency band). The secondary outcome will measure the improvements in Pure Tone Average, Word Recognition Score, and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. The assessments of the participants will be made at baseline, after treatment (week 4), and at follow-up (week 28)., Discussion: This study aims to explore the efficacy and long-term effects of acupuncture in patients with ISSNHL. This study will be a randomized controlled trial with strict methodology and few design deficits. If our study yields positive results, acupuncture could be recommended as a salvage therapy for patients with ISSNHL., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-ICR-15006787 . Registered on 12 July 2015.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess how genetically increased Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (Serca2a) expression affects cardiac injury after Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) exposure and the related mechanisms involved., Methods and Results: Rats were subjected to Left Anterior Descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion for 30 min followed by a 24-hour reperfusion. Cardiac function analysis revealed that cardiac function dramatically improved in Serca2a transgenic rats, (Serca2aTG) rats, compared to Wild Type (WT) rats. Serca2aTG rats developed a significantly smaller myocardial infarction size compared to those in WT group. The expression of the Bcl-2 was lower in Serca2aTG rats compared with WT rats; but, Bcl-2 expression was markedly increased in Serca2aTG rats compared with WT after I/R. In addition, Bax was markedly downregulated in Serca2aTG rats compared to WT group after I/R. Meanwhile, autophagy marker LC-3B was increased in Serca2aTG group, and p62 was only increased in WT group but not in Serca2aTG group in response to I/R. Electron microscope observation confirmed that there were more autophagosomes in Serca2aTG group than in WT rats after I/R., Conclusion: our findings demonstrated that the overexpression of Serca2a plays an important role in myocardial protection from I/R injury and postischemic functional recovery, which may be via antinecrotic, anti-apoptotic and pro-autophagy signal pathways. Our research provides solid basic data and new perspective on clinical treatment in heart failure patients with long-term over-expression of Serca2a., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)

Aims: Chronic foot shock has been demonstrated to induce hypertension. The present study was designed to explore whether the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in this process and the possible mechanisms involved in chronic-foot-shock-induced hypertension., Main Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a two-week foot shock with or without an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor blocker (ARB, candesartan) or an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, captopril). The expression of RAS components in the central nervous and circulatory systems was examined. Antioxidant levels in the plasma were monitored., Key Findings: Two-week foot shock significantly increased systolic blood pressure (SBP). Angiotensinogen, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-1, ACE-2, angiotensin type 1a and type 1b receptors, and vasopressin (VAP) mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus were increased along with the concentration of renin and Ang II in the plasma; these changes were accompanied by decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and increased lipid peroxidation levels and plasma corticosterone concentrations. Both candesartan and captopril suppressed not only the increases in SBP but also the increases in VAP expression in the hypothalamus and RAS components in the central nervous system and the circulatory system. The decreases in antioxidant levels and the increases in lipid peroxidation and corticosterone levels were also partially reversed by candesartan or captopril treatment., Significance: Chronic foot shock increases expression of the main RAS components, which play an important role in the development of high blood pressure through increased VAP levels, oxidative stress levels and stress hormone levels., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Samples of chicken, duck, quail, and pigeon were collected from Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hebei in 2009-2011, and sixteen H9N2 subtype isolates of avian influenza virus (AIV) were identified. The eight full-length genes of 16 AIV isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Genome sequence analysis showed that the amino acid motif of cleavage sites in the HA gene was P-S-R/K-S-S-R, which was consistent with the characterization of the LPAIV, and the Leucine (L) at the amino acid position 226 in the HA genes of all isolates indicated the potential of binding with SAalpha, 2-6 receptor. All isolates had a S to N substitution at residue 31 in the M2 gene, which is related to the resistance phenotype of adamantanes. The key molecular features of 16 AIV isolates from different hosts were same. Genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 16 H9N2 subtype AIVs originated from F98-like virus as backbone and formed two new genotypes through reassortment with HA gene of Y280-like virus and PB2 and M genes of G1-like virus. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the surveillance of H9N2 influenza virus and its direction of reassortment.

Aim: To investigate the production of p-hydroxymethylphenol-beta-D-glucoside (gastrodin) through biotransformation by plant cell suspension cultures., Methods: Using cell suspension cultures of Datura stramonium to convert the exogenous p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into gastrodin was conducted and the converted compounds were separated with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence., Results: The conversion procedure of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into gastrodin by Datura stramonium cell suspension cultures was established. The synthesized gastrodin (II) was isolated from the fermental liquor and identified by spectral analysis. At the same time, the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (I) converted through biotransformation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde by cell suspension cultures of Datura stramonium was also isolated and identified. Two compounds were also isolated from the cell cultures and they were identified as beta-D-furanoallulose (III) and n-butyloxystyryl-beta-D-pyranoallulose (IV)., Conclusion: Datura stramonium grown in suspension cultures can convert exogenous p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the corresponding gastrodin.

Objective: To investigate the clinico-pathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in childhood and adolescents., Methods: From 1984 to 1997, 86 cases with thyroid carcinoma in childhood and adolescent treated were summarized., Results: All cases underwent operation with adjuvant therapy. Pathologically, papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 73 (84.9%), follicular carcinoma in 6 (7%), papillary-follicular carcinoma in 4 (4.7%) and medullary carcinoma in 3 (3.5%). Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 59 cases (68.6%), 16 of which with both thyroid carcinoma and bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis (27.1%). Lung metastasis was found in 11 cases. Recurrence occurred in 6 cases after operation. Compared with the thyroid carcinoma in adult patients, cervical lymph node metastasis, bilateral involvement of the thyroid gland with bilateral cervical nodes and lung metastasis rate were more commonly seen in childhood and adolescence. All but 2 patients had been followed up for more than 5 years, 41 patients for more than 10 years. The 5-year and 10-year survival rate was 95.3% (82/86) and 87.8% (36/41), respectively., Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of childhood and adolescent thyroid cancer are generally not pathognostic which may lead to misdiagnosis. Surgery is the main method in the comprehensive treatment with a good prognosis. The therapy with (131)I after operation was beneficial for some patients accompanied with lung metastasis.

Background & Objective: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a type of pleomorphic neoplastic diseases with complex pathological structure. Its histological origin is uncertain. It was often classified as other carcinoma. This study was designed to investigate the clinical and pathological features and improve the diagnosis and treatment., Methods: To summarize and analyze the clinical experiences of 21 cases of MFH at head and neck proved histologically from June 1984 to June 1999 treated in Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital., Results: Twenty cases were followed up more than 3 years; one case was lost. The 3-year survival rate was 42.9%(9/21). Nineteen cases were treated with surgery. Two cases in advanced stage were treated by non-surgery who died in 2 and 5 months. Among the patients treated with surgery, 6 cases survived without evidence of recurrence more than 3 years, 13 cases recurred within 2 years and 9 cases with metastasis. Seven cases received second surgery after recurrence. Among them,3 cases survived more than 3 years after second surgery. Of all 21 patients, 12 were proved with cervical lymph node metastasis., Conclusion: MFH at head and neck region is a kind of malignant disease with high recurrent rate and the cervical lymph node metastasis rate was 57.1%. Amplified radical surgery is the first choice of treatment. The second surgery has special value to the recurrent patients. Radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy alone is not effective to MFH of head and neck region.